为什么亚裔在美国如此成功

为什么亚裔在美国如此成功THIS is an awkward question, but here goes: Whyare Asian-Americans so successful in America?为什么亚裔在美国如此成功？这个问题有点尴尬。

It‟s no secret that Asian-Americans are disproportiona tely 不成比例的stars in American schools, and evenin American society as a whole. Census data 统计数据show that Americans of Asian heritage earn more than other groups, including whites. Asian-Americans also have higher educational attainmentthan any other group.在美国的学校里，亚裔表现优异的比例格外地高，就连在整个美国社会中也是如此。

人口普查数据显示，亚裔的收入高于包括白人在内的其他群体。

而且亚裔的教育程度也比其他任何群体都高。

I wrote a series of columns 专栏last year,“When Whites Just Don‟t Get It,” about racial inequity, and one of the most common responses from angry w hites was along these lines: This stuffabout white privilege is nonsense, and if blacks lag, th e reason lies in the black community 社区itself. Just look at Asian-Americans. Those Koreans an d Chinese make it in America becausethey work hard. All people can succeed here if they ju st stop whining 抱怨（whine）and start working.我去年写了一个关于种族不平等现象的系列专栏，题为“白人就是不明白”，一些白人读者愤怒地予以驳斥，其中最常见的回复大意是：白人拥有特权的说法真是一派胡言，如果黑人落后了，原因在于黑人社区本身。

只要看看亚裔就知道了。

韩裔和华裔在美国获得了成功，因为他们在努力。

黑人只要停止抱怨，开始努力，所有人都可以在这里获得成功。

Let‟s confront the argument head-on直接的. Does the success of Asian-Americans suggest that the age of discrimination 歧视is behind us?让我们直面这个论点吧。

亚裔的成功是否昭示着歧视的年代已经成为过去？A new scholarly book,“The Asian American Achievement Paradox悖论,” by Jennifer Lee and MinZhou, notes that Asian-A merican immigrants in recent decades have started wi th oneadvantage: They are highly educated, more so even t han the average American. Theseimmigrants are disproportionately doctors, research sc ientists and other highly educated professionals.在新出版的学术著作《亚裔美国人成就的悖论》(The Asian American Achievement Paradox)中，作者珍妮弗·李(Jennifer Lee)和周敏注意到，美国亚裔移民近几十年来开始获得一项优势：他们的教育水平很高，甚至比美国人的平均学历还高。

这些移民成为医生、科研人员，或从事其他高学历专业岗位的比例格外地高。

It‟s not surprising that the children of Asian-American doctors would flourish 繁荣，表现出色的in the United States. But Lee and Zhou note that kids of working-cl ass Asian-Americans often also thrive,showing remark able upward mobility.亚裔医生的子女在美国表现出色，这倒并不令人惊讶。

但两位作者注意到，工薪阶级亚裔的孩子往往也表现出色，展现出了非同一般的向上流动性。

And let‟s just get one notion观点out of the way: The difference does not seem to be driven by differences in intelligence.我们首先要说的一个观点是：这种差异似乎并不是智力差异造成的。

Richard Nisbett, a professor of psychology 心理学专家who has written an excellent book about intelligence, cites 引用a study that followed a pool of Chinese-American child ren and a pool of whitechildren into adulthood. The two groups started out wi th the same scores on I.Q. tests, but inthe end 55 percent of the Asian-Americans entered hi gh-status occupations, compared withone-third of the whites. To succeed as a manager, whi tes needed an I.Q. of 100, while Chinese-Americans n eeded an I.Q. of only 93.心理学家理查德·尼斯比特(Richard Nisbett)写过一本有关智力的著作，书中提到了一项研究。

该研究追踪了一群华裔孩子和白人孩子从小到大的情况。

一开始，两个小组在智商测试中的得分是一样的，但到最后，55%的亚裔进入了地位较高的职业，相比之下白人的比例仅为三分之一。

要想成为一名成功的管理人员，白人的智商需要达到100，而华裔只需达到93。

So the Asian advantage, Nisbett argues, isn‟t intellect ual firepower as such, but how it is harnessed治理.尼斯比特据此认为，亚裔的优势不是智力本身，而是如何利用智力。

Some disagree, but I‟m pretty sure that one factor is East Asia‟s long Confucian emphasis oneducation. Likewise, a focus on education also helps ex plain the success of Jews, who are saidto have had universal 普遍的male literacy 识字1,700 years before any other group.一些人不同意这个观点，但我确信，其中一个因素在于东亚儒学长期以来对教育的强调。

同样，对教育的重视也有助于解释犹太人的成功。

据称，犹太男性普遍识字的时间比其他群体早了1700年。

Immigrant East Asians often try particularly hard to g et into good school districts区域, or makeother sacrifices for children‟s education, such as giving prime space in the home to kids to study.东亚移民通常竭尽全力地进入好学区，或为了孩子的教育做出其他牺牲，比如将家里最好的地方让给孩子学习。

There‟s also evidence that Americans believe that A‟s go to smart kids, while Asians are morelikely to think that they go to hard workers. The truth is probably somewhere in between, butthe result is th at Asian-American kids are allowed no excuse for getti ng B‟s— or even an A-.The joke is that an A- is an “A sian F.”还有证据显示美国人认为聪明的孩子会得到A，而亚裔更多地认为努力的人才会得到A。

事实很可能介于两者之间，但结果是亚裔孩子没有拿B、乃至拿A-的借口。

有人开玩笑称，A-相当于“亚洲的F”。

Strong two-parent families are a factor, too. Divorce rates 离婚率are much lower for many Asian-American communitie s than for Americans as a whole, and there‟s evidencethat two-parenthouseholds are less likely to sink into poverty and also have better outcomes for boys in particular.稳固的双亲家庭也是一个因素。