论行政程序内在价值

保密级别：内部　学位级别：硕士　提交日期：　２００２年４月　答辩日期：　２００２年　５月　论文中文题目：论 行 政 程 序 内 在 价 值

论文英文题目：ON THE INTRINSIC VALUE OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE

作 者：曹中海　所在单位：吉林大学法学院　指导教师：崔卓兰教授　所在单位：吉林大学法学院　分类标识：ＤＦ３ 中文主题标识：行政程序　内在价值　程序价值 英文主题标识：ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE

INTRINSIC VALUE PROCEDURAL VALUE　中文文摘　论 文 摘 要

由于传统中国权利意识的淡漠以及建国后计划经济模式下指令式行政思维的顽固延续，我国行政法学界偏重强调行政程序的外在价值，对其内在价值关注甚少。本文在探索法学思潮的演进路向的前提下，考察中国现实社会发展实际，对行政程序内在价值理论进行了一次相对深入系统的探讨，以求助益于中国的行政程序建设。 全文共分为三章： 第一章，从理论发展的角度，对行政程序内在价值的概念进行了必要的界定，并在法学思潮的演进中寻求其产生与发展的渊源。首先，笔者在视角转换的背景下，通过分析一般价值的概念和行政程序的价值的概念，推出了行政程序内在价值的界定，即：行政程序的运行过程中体现出来的能满足人们主观欲求的属性。其次，笔者从权利本位的法学观念，社会多元利益，民主政治，市场经济及法制文明等多个角度强调了行政程序内在价值相对于外在价值的优先地位。最后，也是最重要的，笔者通过对萨默斯的“程序价值理论”，马修的“尊严理论”，韦德的“自然正义观”，戈尔丁的“自然正义九大原则”，罗尔斯的“纯粹程序正义”，富勒的“程序自然法”，贝勒斯的“程序原则”等观点的评价中，对行政程序内在价值的理论渊源进行了一番检阅和回顾。 第二章，从社会发展的角度，指出行政程序内在价值的存在基础和目标指向。首先，作者认为，传统行政权力的固有特征及其现代转型，国家权力重心的转移（从三权分立到行政主导），市场经济从构建到成熟，从权力本位到权利本位的法律本位观的演变，公私法从分立到融合，“正当法律程序”向行政领域的延伸等六大要素是行政程序内在价值的存在基础。其次，作者从人类主体性发展角度，指出了行政程序的核心目标指向是：在交涉性基础上对人的主体性的认知和尊重。并在此基础上认为行政程序内在价值由如下十大要素构成：合法性，确定性，透明性，参与性，公平性，非强制性，可接受性，可论证性，可辩驳性，时效性。并且认为这种结构是开放性的，体系性的，相对化的，且处于最低限度。最后，附带说明了行政程序内在价值的外在意义，着重阐述了其与司法审查相联系所发挥的作为行政程序合法性最低判准的作用。 第三章，从法制建设的角度，研究了行政程序内在价值实现的路径选择及制度建构的问题。首先，对于行政程序内在价值实现的路径选择，作者提出以制度先行超越本土论与西方化的论争。其次，作为对行政程序内在价值的制度回应，作者认为如下制度可以作为行政程序内在价值实现的制度载体：情报公开制度，告示制度，咨询制度，听证制度，回避制度，说明理由制度，职能分离制度，不单方接触制度，复审制度，有限强制制度，保护私人秘密隐私制度，时效制度。最后，作者引入经济学中的博弈分析方法对行政程序制度进行分析，指出符合行政程序内在价值要求的具有交涉性的行政程序 实际上是行政机关和相对人在相互认同主体性价值基础上展开互动博弈的过程，博弈分析方法应成为行政程序制度设计的重要指导原则。 英文摘要 Abstract

Owing to the indifference to rights in traditional Chinese consciousness and the obstinate lasting of imperiously administrative thoughts in the planned economy pattern after the construction of the P.R.C., too much importance has been paid to the exterior value of administrative procedure in the field of Administrative Law. But to the intrinsic value of administrative procedure, only a little. In order to benefit the construction of Chinese administrative procedures, in this article, I investigate the reality of Chinese social development, and make a relatively deep and systematic research on the theory of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure on the premise of exploration for the developing trend of Law. This article is composed of the following three chapters: Chapter one. In this part, I, from the viewpoint of theory development, necessarily define the connotation of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure, and try to find its theory origin in the flowing trend of jurisprudence outlook. Firstly, in the background of viewpoint turn, I, by analyzing the definition of common value and administrative procedural value, put forward the definition of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure, i.e. the properties that are reflected by the working course of administrative procedure and can meet the people’s subjective desire. Secondly, I, from such multiple viewpoints as right-oriented jurisprudence, social multiple interests, democratic politics, planned-economy, civilization of rule of law, and so on, emphasize the prior status of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure to the exterior, and show its research significance. Finally, even the most importantly, I give a review of the following theories: Robert S.Summers’ Theory of “Process Values”, Jerry L. Mashaw’s “Dignitary Theory”, H.Wade’s Idea of “Natural Justice”, Golding.Martin.Philip’s “Nine Principles of Natural Justice”, John.Rawls’ “Pure Process Justice”, Lon L.fuller’s “Procedural Natural Law”, Michael D．bayles’ “Principles Of Law”, and so on, and, in the course of it, make an inspection and retrospect of the theory origins of administrative procedural intrinsic value. Chapter Two. In this part, I want to state the existential basis and goals of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure. Firstly, I think that the following six facts form the existential basis of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure: the inherent characteristics of traditional administrative power and its modern transformation, the shift of national power core (from “Division of Three Powers” to “Administrative Domination”), the change from construction to maturity of market economy, the evolution from power-oriented theory to right-oriented theory of jurisprudence outlook, the change from division to blending of Public Law and Private Law, the extension of Due Process of Law to the field of administration, and so on. Secondly, I, from the viewpoint of human subject development, point out that the central goal of administrative procedural intrinsic value lies in the knowledge and respect to human subjectivity on the base of negotiation. Then, on the base of it, I say that the following ten elements make up of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure: legitimacy, definition, transparence, participation, fairness, non-enforceability, acceptability, reasonability, arguability, limitation, and so on. By the way, I say that this kind of structure is open, systematic, relative and lying in the lowest limitation. At last, I state the external significance of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure in passing,focusing on its function as the lowest criterion of the legitimacy of administrative procedure while associated with Judicial Review. Chapter Three. From the viewpoint of institution construction, I make a research on how to realize the intrinsic value and how to build the institution. Firstly, to the former, I think that we should build the institution in advance, surpassing the debate between Localism and Westernization. Secondly, to answer the requirement of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure, the following institution may be its institutional carries: the institution of information openness, the institution of notification, the institution of consultation, the institution of administrative hearing, the institution of avoidance, the institution of express reason, the institution of functional division, the institution of non-unilateral-contact, the institution of reexamination, the institution of limited strength, the institution of protecting private secrets and privacy, the institution of limitation, and so on. In the end, I apply the principle of game analyzing into the analysis of the institution of administrative procedure, and point out that, in fact, the negotiable administration procedure, in correspondence with the requirement of the intrinsic value of administrative procedure, is the course of a game against each other between administrative bureau and the other part on the base of acknowledgement of the other’s subjectivity. And the method of game analyzing should be the important guide of the device of the institution of administrative procedure.