材料专业英语参考

从热力学观点看，相的概念是关于原子尺度上的物质结构，包括物理和化学上的原子排列。
8.As their name implies, diffusive transformations involve atomic diffusion. Since the movement is thermally activated, diffusion effects can become significant over large distances when the temperature is sufficiently high.
Sacrificial coatings ;Decorative ProtectiveCoatings ;Engineering Coatings;
AlloyCoatings ;Multilayered Coatings ;Composite Coatings ;Conversion Coatings ;
（通过改变合金化学成分以改善合金耐腐蚀性能的典型例子是钢的合金化处理。碳钢和低合金钢的使用成本很低，但相应的也具有很差的耐腐蚀性能。而在高端的合金中，具强耐腐蚀性能的不锈钢则具有高的使用成本。）
7.From a thermodynamic standpoint, the concept of a "phase" is related to the structure ofmatter on the atomic scale, and involves both the physical and chemical arrangements ofthe atoms.
7.depolarizing
去极化
8.水洗
rinsing
9.galvanic corrosion;
电化学腐蚀
10.水溶液
aqueous solution;
11.thermal spring
热喷涂;
12.chemical vapor deposition;
化学气相沉积
13.pure iron
纯铁
14.置换固溶体
正火的目的是消除材料内部由于热处理加工、焊接、铸造、锻造、成型及机械加工造成的内应力。
2.Tempering consists of heating theure (below its hardening temperature), holding it at that temperature for the required length of time, and then cooling it, usually instill air.
复合镀层定义为含有极少数的第二相粒子的镀层分散于基体金属中，第二相粒子的尺寸范围可以从10微米下降到纳米级，粒子可以是无机的、有机的或偶尔为金属的。
5. A primary factor in determining corrosion behavior of metals is their chemical composition. Alloying, which is adding other element(s) to a metal, is one of the major means used to improve the corrosion resistance of the base material. Alloys with varying degrees of corrosion resistance have been developed in response to an ever-increasing number of severe service environments.化学成分是决定金属腐蚀行为的主要因素。向金属中添加其它元素的合金化技术，是改善母合金耐腐蚀功能的主要方法之一。目前开发出了能够抵抗各种程度腐蚀强度的合金，以适用越来越多的严苛的服役环境。
3.所有腐蚀过程都具有一些相同的特征。热力学原理决定了过程中的变化方式和趋向性的强弱，动力学规律则用于描述反应进行的速率。然而，在不同的腐蚀环境中，如在水溶液、非水溶性液体和气体中的腐蚀，其基本原理却是截然不同的，相应的也就需要不同的防腐处理方法。
(All corrosion processes show some common features. Thermodynamic principles can be applied to determine which processes can occur and how strong the tendency is for the changes to take place. Kinetic laws then describe the rates of the reactions. There are, however, substantial differences in the fundamentals of corrosion in such environments as aqueous solutions, non-aqueous liquids, and gases that warrant a separate treatment.)
Ferrite,Fe3C-cementite, austenite, pearlite, martensite, bainite, ledeburite
3.Electrode processes take place within the double layer and produce a slight unbalance in the electric charges of the electrode and the solution. Much of the importance of electrochemistry lies in the ways that these potential differences can be related to the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrode reactions.
复合镀层定义为含有极少数的第二相粒子的镀层分散于基体金属中第二相粒子的尺寸范围可以从10微米下降到纳米级粒子可以是无机的有机的或偶尔为金属的
山东建筑大学试卷（答案－与评分标准）共1页第1页
2009至2010年第1学期课程名称专业英语（本、专科）A卷
专业：材料科学与工程；考核形式：（闭卷、开卷）；考试时间120分钟
电极过程发生在双电层，使电极和溶液的电荷产生轻微的不平衡，电化学的许多重要性就在于这些电位的不同与电极反应的热力学和动力学有关。
posite coatings can be defined as coatings consisting of minute second-phase particles dispersed throughout a metal matrix. The size of the second phase particles may range from10μm down to nanoscale and the particles can be inorganic, organic, or occasionally metallic.
6.An example of improved corrosion resistance by modifying the chemical composition is the alloying of steels. Carbon and low-alloy steels are less costly but also less corrosion-resistant. At the higher end of the alloying scale are the more costly and significantly more corrosion-resistant stainless steels.
顾名思义，扩散转变包括原子扩散。由于运动是热激活的，当温度足够高时在长距离内扩散效应变得更明显。
四、汉译英（每小题4分，共16分）
1.金属被加热到适当温度后，保温至所需的内部结构发生转变。
After the metals is heated to the proper temperature,it is held at that temperature until the desired internal structural changes take place.
2.电镀是通过电化学的方法在事先准备好的金属材料表面上制备一层致密、均匀和附着的膜层的电沉积过程。
Electroplating is an electrodeposition process for producing a dense, uniform, and adherent coating onto a prepared metal surface by themethodof electrochemistry.
Stage2---Soaking (holding) the metal at a given temperature for a given time
Stage3---Cooling the metal to room temperature
2. Please write outtypes of metal coating?
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
九
十
总分
分数
一、词汇互译（每小题2分，共32分）
1.hardening and tempering
调质
2.热导率
heat conductivity
3.segregation
偏析
4.固溶体
solid solution