七年级英语上册ReviewofUnits1_2综合习题测试新版仁爱版2
Review of Units 1-2巩固练习I. 单项选择。
(每小题1分，共15分)1. — ____ are you?—I’m twelve.A. HowB. How oldC. WhatD. Who2. — Is that__________ orange ?— Yes, it isA. aB. anC. theD./3. — What class is Li Ming in?—She’s in _________.A. Class 2, Grade 1B. Grade 1, Class 2C. class 2, grade 1D. grade 1, class 24. —What color is the T-shirt?—It’s_________.A. an orangeB. orangeC. a pinkD. in green5. Miss Fang is ______ English teacher. _________ is a good teacher.A. our, HerB. my, HeC. a, SheD. an, She6. —What’re those?— _________ are flowers.A. ItB. TheseC. TheyD. That7. — Is this your bag?— _________.A. Yes, it isB. Yes, it’s a big.C. It’s my bagD. It isn’t8. —_________ is that boy?—He’s my friend.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhereD. How old9. Lucy_________ a short nose, but I _________ a long one.A. have, haveB. have, hasC. has, haveD. has, has10. They _________ from France.A. comesB. isC. areD. am11. _________, are you Mr Huang?A. PleaseB. Excuse meC. Hello,D. Sorry12. — How do you spell it?— _______.A. Yes, F-A-X fax.B. No, F-A-X fax.C. F-A-X fax.D. It’s a fax.13.— Who is she?—She’s my mother’s ________, my aunt.A. daughterB. auntC. motherD. sister14.—Would you like __________ orange juice? —No, thanks. There is __________ in my bottle.A. some, someB. any, anyC. some, anyD. any, some15. —Your pencil box is very nice.—__________.A. That’s rightB. You’re welcomeC. Thank youII. 完形填空。
(每小题1分，共10分)I have a good friend. 1 name is Peter. We study in Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. We are in the same class. He sits in front of 2 . His favourite lesson is Music. He 3 many CDs. He likes 4 music very much. He likes playing football, too. After school we often play football on the 5 . He is very helpful. We often help each 6 .Peter is not a Chinese. He is from 7 .He comes to Beijing 8 his family. His father is a doctor and his mother is a nurse. They work from Monday 9 Friday. At weekends, his mother likes shopping and his father likes fishing. Sometimes they go to the park. They all like Chinese food. They 10 happy.1. A. He B. His C. She D. Her2. A. I B. my C. mine D. me3. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are4. A. listen B. listen to C. listening D. listening to5. A. classroom B. library C. playground D. bookshop6. A. one B. other C. others D. some7. A. England B. Chinese C. English D. American8. A. from B. on C. with D. for9. A. in B. to C. with D. of10. A. be B. am C. is D. areIII. 阅读理解。
(每小题2分，共30分)A根据表格内容，判断句子的正(T)误(F)。
1. David has short, black hair.2. Mary’s eyes are brown.3. Jack’s hair is black.4. Mary and Jack both (两者都) have a big nose.5. David and Jack are the same (相同的) height.BLucy and Lily are twins. They are students. They are ten. Their father is Mr. White. Heis in a brown coat. Their mother is Mrs White. She is in black shoes(鞋). Lucy is in a yellow sweater. Lily is in an orange sweater. Bob is their brother. He is in a blue hat. The twins are in a green car. The car is behind the red flowers.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
6. Mr White is .A. Lu cy’s fatherB. Lily’s fatherC. Lucy and Lily’s fatherD. A and B7. Mr White and Mrs White have .A. one son and two daughtersB. one son and one daughterC. one daughter and two sonsD. two sons and two daughters8. Mrs White is .A. in the yellow sweaterB. in dark shoesC. in the blue hatD. in the brown hat9. isn’t in the green car.A. BobB. LucyC. LilyD. The twins10. is behind the red flowers.A. The red carB. The yellow carC. The green carD. The black carCHello, my name is Ma Qiang, I am a Chinese boy. My English name is Clay. I’m thirteen years old. My birthday is October 1st .Oh. It’s National Day. I’m a film fan. I like action films(动作片). My favourite actor is Cheng Long. His English name is Jackie Chan. He is a great actor. His birthday is April 7th. He has many great films. For example, Rush Hour, Around the World in 80 Days, The Math, New Police Story and so on. These films are very exciting. He becomes very famous for Rush Hour. I like it best. He likes walking slowly, singing and he also likes cars.Jackie Chan’s wife is Lin Fengjiao. Her English name is Joan Lin. She is a great actress. She likes swimming. They have a son. His name is Fang Zuming. His English name is Jaycee Chan. He likes playing the guitar, dancing, singing, fishing and taking photos.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
11. Ma Qiang is a(n) .A. actorB. actressC. film fanD. musician12. Jackie Chan and Jaycee Chan both like .A. swimmingB. fishingC. dancingD. singing13. 根据上文推断划线部分指的是 .A. October 2ndB. October 1stC. September 10thD. October 10th14. What is Clay’s favourite film?A. Rush Hour.B. The Myth.C. Around the World in 80 Days.D. New Police Story.15. Jackie Chan and Joan Lin .A. like swimmingB. have a daughterC. are actor and actressD. are from EnglandIV. 阅读表达。
+Unit2Topic1综合水平测试 仁爱版七年级英语上册
仁爱版七年级英语上册Unit2Topic 1 综合水平测试Ⅰ.单项选择。
( )1. Mr. Black has small nose, wide mouth and short hair.A. a, a, aB. a, a, /C./, a, aD./, /, a( )2.— is your favorite teacher?—It's Miss Gao.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhereD. How( )3. Tommy and Michael are good ,but they are in different .A. friend, schoolB. friends, schoolsC. friend, schoolsD. friends, school( )4.— Wang Yan big eyes?—Yes, she does.A. Does, hasB. Do, hasC. Does, haveD. Do, have( )5. She has a face, a mouth and hair.A. round, wide, longB. round, big, roundC. long, wide, wideD. big, big, short( )6.— she from Canada?—Yes, she .A. Does, come, isB. Is, come, isC. Is, come, doesD. Does, come, does( )7. Her eyes bi g and her hair long.A. are, isB. are, areC. is, isD. is, are( )8.—That is my English teacher, she is from America.—Oh,I .A. guessB. seeC. lookD. am( )9. They are in bu t in .A. same grade, different classesB. the same grade, different classesC. same grades, different classD. the same grades, different class( )10.—Do the two boys have big noses?—A. Yes, they are.B. No, they aren't.C. No, they have big ones.D. Yes, they do.Ⅱ.完形填空。
仁爱版英语七年级上册测试试题Unit1Topic2.pdf
仁爱版英语七年级上册测试题Unit 1 Topic 2(满分100分时间90分钟)第一部分第二部分第三部分总分题号ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠⅡⅢ得分第一部分听力(20分)Ⅰ.听单词，选择你所听到的单词。
每个单词读两遍。
(5分)( )1. A. morning B. afternoon C. from( )2. A. she B. me C. he( )3. A. China B. Canada C. Japan( )4. A. six B. seven C. ten( )5. A. what B. how C. whereⅡ.听句子，选择正确图片。
每个句子读两遍。
(5分)A. B. C. D. E.6. ____7. ____8. ____9. ____ 10. ____Ⅲ.听句子，选择正确答语。
每个句子读两遍。
(5分)( )11. A. Yes, I am. B. My name is Tom. C. No, I’m not. ( )12. A. No, he isn’t. B. Yes, he’s Li Ming. C. He is Li Ming. ( )13. A. Goodbye. B. Good evening! C. Good morning! ( )14. A. Yes, I am. B. No, I’m Sally. C. I’m fine.( )15. A. I’m Xiao Hua. B. I’m from China. C. Fine, thanks.Ⅳ.听对话，判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。
每组对话读两遍。
(5分)( )16. Linda is from the U.S.A.( )17. Jane is a teacher.( )18. Da Wei is from China.( )19. His (他的) telephone number is 8216-5347.( )20. He is Mike.第二部分基础知识运用(55分)Ⅰ.单项选择。
仁爱七年级英语上册Unit1Topic2测试题
仁爱七年级英语上册Unit1Topic2 测试题Unit 1 Tpi 2( 满分100 分，时间90 分钟)第一部分听力（20 分）Ⅰ. 听句子，选择正确图片。
每个句子读一遍。
（5 分）1._____2._____3._____4._____5._____Ⅱ. 听对话及问题，选择正确答语。
每组对话和问题读两遍。
（5 分）( )6.A.The wan.B.The an..The wan and the an.( )7.A.Russia.B.hina..India.( )8.A.20%B.25%.30%( )9.A.The ppulatin f se develped untries.B.The wrld ’s ppulatin..Life in se develped untries.( )10.A.He gets up late tday.B.His bike is brken..The traffi is bad.Ⅲ. 听短，填空。
短读三遍。
（5 分）I live in Beiing, the apital f hina. It has a lnghistry and any beautiful buildings. The hinese pepleare 11 . e have any big shpping enters and 12 . ur publi transprtatin is 13 . Bth students and wrkers have tstudy and wrk very hard beause f the serius 14 in siety. And 15 we have ade a lt f prgress, we still have bigpllutin prbles in the ity.11.________ 12.________ 13.________ 14.________15.________Ⅳ. 听短，选择正确答案。
2023-2024学年七年级仁爱版英语上册Unit 1-2单元综合练习卷附答案
2023-2024学年七年级英语上册Unit1-2单元综合练习卷一、单选题1、—You and Lucy look the same.I_____she is your sister.—That's right.You are clever(聪明的）.A.thinkB.seeC.knowD.look2、—Whose knives are these?—I think they're______.A.oursB.ourD.we3、—______this photo.The woman in red is my mom.—Oh,I see.She looks young.A.LookB.Look atC.Look likeD.See4、—Are you and Michael in the______grade?—Yes.But we are in______classes.A.same;differentB.different;sameC.same;sameD.different;different5、—Do you have an eraser?—Yes.I do.I have a big______.A.itB.thatC./D.one6、—Where's Jackie Chan from?Can you______?—Yes.He is from Hong Kong.A.thinkB.guessC.seeD.try7、Her mom has_______hair and a small mouth.A.a long brownB.long brownC.brown longD.a brown long8、—_______—He is tall and he has brown hair.A.How old is he?B.How is he?C.What does he look like?D.How does he look like?9、Bob doesn't______a black shirt,but he______a blue one.A.have;haveB.have;hasC.has;hasD.has;have10、—Who is she?—She’s my mother’s________,my aunt.A.daughterB.auntC.motherD.sister二、阅读理解AThis is No.12High School.My friend,Linlin,is in this school.Linlin has short hair,a big nose,a small mouth and big eyes.She is thirteen.She is in Class Two,Grade Seven.She's a good student.She has two good friends in her school.They are Lucy and Lily.They're sisters.They are fourteen.They have small noses,small eyes, but they're not short.Lucy,Lily and Linlin are in the same class.Miss Li is their teacher.They are good friends.11.Linlin is in______.A.No.2High SchoolB.Class7,Grade2C.Class2,Grade7D.Class2,Grade812.How old is Linlin?A.Fourteen.B.Thirteen.C.Twelve.D.Eleven.13.Miss Li is______.A.Lily's sisterB.Linlin's sisterC.Linlin's teacherD.Lucy's sister14.Lucy，Lily and Linlin are in______school.A.SameB.someC.differentD.the same15.Who has big eyes?A.Lucy.B.Linlin.C.Miss Li.D.Lily.BBen and Thomas are students.Ben is thirteen years old and Thomas is thirteen,too.They are in the same class in their school.One day,their English teacher is angry(生气)with them.She asks(要求)Ben and Thomas to write (与)their names one hundred times(一百遍).Thomas is crying(哭起来).The teacher says,"Why(为什么)are you crying?"Thomas says,"Ben's name is Ben Hay,but my name is too long.It is Thomas Allan Smith."16.Ben is Thomas's______.A.classmateB.studentC.teacherD.friend17.They are______.A.tenB.twelveC.thirteenD.eleven18.Ben's full name is______.A.Ben WhiteB.Ben BillyC.Ben SmithD.Ben Hay19.Thomas's full name is______.A.Thomas Allan SmithB.Thomas Ben SmithC.Thomas Allan BlackD.Thomas White Smith20.Ben and Thomas must______.A.look at the photoB.spell a wordC.write their namesD.help the old manCLucy and Lily are twins.They are students.They are ten.Their father is Mr.White.He is in a brown coat. Their mother is Mrs White.She is in black shoes(鞋).Lucy is in a yellow sweater.Lily is in an orange sweater. Bob is their brother.He is in a blue hat.The twins are in a green car.The car is behind the red flowers.21.Mr White is_________.A.Lucy’s fatherB.Lily’s fatherC.Lucy and Lily’s fatherD.A and B22.Mr White and Mrs White have__________.A.one son and two daughtersB.one son and one daughterC.one daughter and two sonsD.two sons and two daughters23.Mrs White is____________.A.in the yellow sweaterB.in dark shoesC.in the blue hatD.in the brown hat24.________isn’t in the green car.A.BobB.LucyC.LilyD.The twins25.__________is behind the red flowers.A.The red carB.The yellow carC.The green carD.The black car三、完形填空Look at the girl in the photo!She is an26girl.27name is Kate.She has a nice family.She is short. She28long blond hair.She is29a yellow dress.30is the girl in red?Oh,she is Kate's31,Helen. Kate and Helen32the same.The33in a pink skirt is their mom.She has a34face.She is a teacher. And the man in black is their dad.He is in black,because(因为)his favorite35is black.This is a happy family.26.A.Chinese B.English C.England D.China27.A.She B.Her C.He D.His28.A.have B.does C.looks D.has29.A.in B.from C.at D.to30.A.Where B.What C.Who D.How31.A.teacher B.friend C.sister D.student32.A.likes B.looks C.look D.like33.A.man B.student C.toy D.woman34.A.round B.wide C.short D.tall35.A.book B.color C.pants D.short四、填空题阅读短文,在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式。
最新仁爱英语七年级(上册)Unit2单元综合检测试题和答案解析
Unit2单元综合检测12第二部分基础知识运用(65分)3Ⅰ.单项选择。
(15分)( )1. —____ jacket is this? —I think it’s Mingming’s.45A. WhoB. Who’sC. WhoseD. 6What7( )2. What is ____ name?8A. his teachersB. her teachersC. his teacher’s 9D. her teachers’10( )3. —Is it your dress? —No. It’s ____.11A. hersB. herC. myD. him12( )4. —What color is the T-shirt? —It’s ____.13A. an orangeB. orangeC. the orangeD.14new15( )5. The girl ____ black is my sister.16A. inB. atC. toD.17from18( )6. —Do Lucy and Lily ____ bikes?—Yes. Lucy ____ a new bike, but Lily ____ an old one.1920A. has; has; haveB. have; has; hasC. have; has; haveD. has; have; has2122( )7. —Is this Tom’s bike?—____, I don’t know.23A. OKB. GoodC. YesD.Sorry2425( )8. Mary is in ____ red clothes and her hair ____ brown.26A. /; isB. a; areC. an; is27D. /; are28( )9. What color ____ your ____, Mike?29A. is; pantsB. is; pantC. are; pant30D. are; pants31( )10. —Do you look like your sister? —No, we ____.32A. look the sameB. look differentC. look like33D. look at34( )11. ____ bikes are red. ____ are blue.35A. We; TheyB. Our; TheirC. Our; Theirs36D. We; Their37( )12. The dress ____ yours.38A. lookB. looksC. looks likeD.are3940( )13. Please give this book ____ Jack.A. atB. toC. in4142D. from43( )14. —You are nice in this dress. —____A. It’s right.B. No, it isn’t.C. Thank you.4445D. OK.46( )15. Please ____ us find his bike.47A. thinkB. helpC. guessD.48know49Ⅱ.情景交际。
仁爱版七年级英语上册ReviewofUnits1_2综合习题测试含答案
Review of Units 1-2巩固练习I. 单项选择。
(每小题1分，共15分)1. — ____ are you?—I’m twelve.A. HowB. How oldC. WhatD. Who2. — Is that__________ orange ?— Yes, it isA. aB. anC. theD./3. — What class is Li Ming in?—She’s in _________.A. Class 2, Grade 1B. Grade 1, Class 2C. class 2, grade 1D. grade 1, class 24. —What color is the T-shirt?—It’s_________.A. an orangeB. orangeC. a pinkD. in green5. Miss Fang is ______ English teacher. _________ is a good teacher.A. our, HerB. my, HeC. a, SheD. an, She6. —What’re those?— _________ are flowers.A. ItB. TheseC. TheyD. That7. — Is this your bag?— _________.A. Yes, it isB. Yes, it’s a big.C. It’s my bagD. It isn’t8. —_________ is that boy?—He’s my friend.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhereD. How old9. Lucy_________ a short nose, but I _________ a long one.A. have, haveB. have, hasC. has, haveD. has, has10. They _________ from France.A. comesB. isC. areD. am11. _________, are you Mr Huang?A. PleaseB. Excuse meC. Hello,D. Sorry12. — How do you spell it?— _______.A. Yes, F-A-X fax.B. No, F-A-X fax.C. F-A-X fax.D. It’s a fax.13.— Who is she?—She’s my mother’s ________, my aunt.A. daughterB. auntC. motherD. sister14.—Would you like __________ orange juice? —No, thanks. There is __________ in my bottle.A. some, someB. any, anyC. some, anyD. any, some15. —Your pencil box is very nice.—__________.A. That’s rightB. You’re welcomeC. Thank youII. 完形填空。
仁爱版七年级英语上册unit 2单元测试卷含答案
七年级上册unit 2单元综合测试一、单项选择（每题1分，共10分）1. --- is the girl in pink from?--- America.A. WhatB. WhereC. WhenD. Why2. I have a bird. name is Polly.A. ItsB. It'sC. IsD. It3. ____ orange is ____ orange.A. An; /B. /; anC. An; anD. /; /4. —______ your father _______ a new car? —Yes, he does.A. Do; hasB. Do; haveC. Does; haveD. Does; has5._________ bag is in the desk. Where is _______bag?A. I; yourB. My; youC. Your; myD. Your; me6. －What does your father look like?－He ______ short hair and big eyes.A. isB. areC. hasD. have7. —_______book is this? —It’s his.A . What B. WhoseC. WhereD.Who8. Sun Yan is from Shanghai.（与划线部分同义的选项）A. come fromB. comes fromC. comeD.from9. —Is this your cap? —Yes, it is______.A .your B. myC. mineD.me10．The young lady bought two suits of _______ in that _______ store．A．clothes；cloth B．clothing；clothesC．clothes；clothing D. cloth, clothing二、完形填空（每空1分，共10分）A:__1__is it in the bag?B: Yes?A: Oh, it’s a __2__. __3__is it?B: Is it a red __4__?A: __5__, it is. Is it __6__?B: No, it’s not __7__. Mine is in the pencil-box. I think it’s __8__.A: __9__, Liangliang. Is the pencil yours ?C: Yes, it is. It’s mine.A: Here you are.C: Thank you very much.A: You’re __10__.( ) 1.A.Who B.What C.Where( ) 2.A.dress B.pen C.pencil( ) 3.A. What B. Whose C. Who’s( ) 4.A. one B. / C. ones( ) 5.A.Yes B.No C.No idea( ) 6.A. mine B. your C. yours( ) 7.A.yours B.my C..mine( ) 8. A. Liangliang B.Liangliang’s C. yours( ) 9. A. Sorry B. Excuse me C. Yes( ) 10.A.ok B.fine C.welcome三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）ALook at the photo. The two girls have big blue eyes and long brown hair. Theyare ten. They are in the same class. The one in a yellow skirt is Lily. The other one in an orange skirt is Lucy. Their dad is Mr. White. He is in a brown coat. Their mum is Mrs. White. She is in black shoes. Bob is their brother . He is in a blue cap. He is a high school student. Look! Lucy and Lily are in the green car.1. What does Lucy look like?A. She has black eyes and long hair.B. She has short brown hair.C. She is tall.D. She has blue eyes. Her hair is long and brown.2. Mr. White and Mrs. White have ____.A. one son and two daughtersB. one daughter and two sonsC. one son and one daughterD. two sons and two daughters3. Mr. White is ____.A. in black shoesB. in a blue capC. in a brown coatD. in a yellow sweater4. ____ isn’t in the green car.A. BobB. LilyC. LucyD. The two girls5. What color are Mrs. White’s shoes?A. Big.B. Blue.C. Brown.D. Black.BMy name is Tommy. I come from Canada. I’m thirteen years old. I have big blue eyes and blond hair. I’m tall. My shirt is red and my pants are white. Now I’m in Class Seven, Grade Eight. Look! That boy in a green co at is my friend, Paul. He’s from the U.S.A. He’s twelve. He is strong. We are in the same school, but we are in different classes. Paul gives his photo to me. I give my photo to him, too. We are good friends.根据短文内容, 回答下列问题。
仁爱版英语七年级上册Review of Units 1-2
They don’t look the same.
5) Jane comes from Canada. Jane is fromCanada.
8 Listen and complete the table.
Name Li Ming
Jane Tom
Clothes
a__w__h_i_t_e__shirt and blue__p_a_n_t_s__ a_g_r_e_e_n_ T-shirt and a pink _s_k_i_r_t__ a yellow_c_a_p___ and a __b_la_c_k__ jacket
a. He is from Canada.
(f ) 5) What color are these shoes? a. They’re theirs.
( e) 6) Whose apples are these?
a. They’re pink.
5 Make correct sentences, paying attention to
4) Who am I ?
__A__c_a_t_. ________________________
12 Look at the picture and read the passage
about the girl. Then describe the man
The man is from America. His name is Wade. He is an English teacher in No. 2 Junior High School. He is tall and strong. He has big eyes and a big nose. His hair is short and brown. He is in a green shirt and gray pants. His shoes are black.
2018年仁爱版英语七年级上册Review of Units 1-2
﹙a ﹚⒈What’s your telephone number? ﹙ b﹚⒉How are you? ﹙d ﹚⒊Where is Jim from? ﹙c ﹚⒋Who is your favorite actor? ﹙f ﹚⒌What color are these shoes? ﹙e ﹚⒍Whose apples are these? a. 883-8641. b. Fine, thank you. c. Jackie Chan. d. He is from Canada. e. They’re theirs. f. They’re pink.
Example: Li Ping is twelve years old. How old is Li Ping? 1)Nancy is in Grade Eight. → What grade is Nancy in? 2)It’s an eraser. → What is this in English? 3)It’s Jane’s schoolbag. → Whose schoolbag is it? 4)They are books. → What are these? 5)Sally is from America. → Where is Sally from? 6)The boy in a white T-shirt is Kangkang. → Who is the boy in a white T-shirt?
9
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Nancy White is from America. She is twelve. She is a junior high school student. Her favorite color is red. She has a red coat, a red dress and a red skirt. Her shoes are red, too. Her favorite actor is Blue Lee. She has a good friend. Her name is Lucy. They are in Grade 7. Nancy is in Class Four and Lucy is in Class Nine.
仁爱英语七年级上册Unit2单元综合检测试题及答案
精品文档Unit2单元综合检测(满分120分时间100分钟)第一部分听力(25分)Ⅰ.听句子，选择正确图片。
每个句子读两遍。
(5分)( )1. A. B. C.( )2. A. B. C.( )3. A. B. C.( )4. A. B. C.( )5. A. B. C.Ⅱ.听句子，选择正确答语。
每个句子读两遍。
(5分)( )6. A. He's my teacher. B. That's right. C. She's my mother. ( )7. A. No, it isn't. B. No, they aren't theirs. C. Yes, he is. ( )8. A. He is tall. B. He is fine. C. He is a teacher.( )9. A. It's too long. B. It's too short. C. It's hers.( )10. A. Yes, he is. B. He's short. C. No, it isn't.Ⅲ.听对话及问题，选择正确答案。
每组对话读两遍。
(5分) ( )11. A. Lily's. B. Lina's. C. Lina( )12. A. Yes, she does. B. No, she isn't. C. No, she doesn't. ( )13. A. Ann. B. Bill. C. Jane.( )14. A. No. B. Yes, he does. C. Green.( )15. A. Small. B. No. C. Yes, they are.Ⅳ.听对话，判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。
每组对话读两遍。
(5分) ( )16. Mary is the girl's friend.( )17. Mike has a small nose.精品文档．精品文档( )18. Wei Hua is in Class Three.( )19. The dress is white.( )20. Jim's mouth is small.Ⅴ.听短文，选择正确答案。