(整理)商务英语工商导论专业单词表.
商务英语词汇大全文库
商务英语词汇大全文库一、国际贸易1. 进出口：Import / Export2. 贸易顺差：Trade Surplus3. 贸易逆差：Trade Deficit4. 自由贸易区：Free Trade Zone (FTZ)5. 关税：Tariff6. 世界贸易组织：World Trade Organization (WTO)7. 贸易壁垒：Trade Barrier8. 非关税壁垒：Non-T ariff Barrier (NTB)9. 贸易协定：Trade Agreement10. 区域经济一体化：Regional Economic Integration二、商务谈判1. 谈判：Negotiation2. 议价：Bargaining3. 报价：Quotation4. 还价：Counteroffer5. 合同：Contract6. 交货期：Delivery Date7. 支付方式：Payment Method8. 谈判策略：Negotiation Strategy9. 协商：Mediation10. 仲裁：Arbitration三、营销策略1. 市场调研：Market Research2. 目标市场：Target Market3. 产品定位：Product Positioning4. 品牌建设：Brand Building5. 促销策略：Promotion Strategy6. 广告宣传：Advertising Promotion7. 公共关系：Public Relations (PR)8. 市场细分：Market Segmentation9. 定价策略：Pricing Strategy10. 销售渠道：Sales Channel四、金融与投资1. 货币：Currency2. 外汇：Foreign Exchange (FX)3. 本币：Domestic Currency4. 外汇市场：Foreign Exchange Market (FX Market)5. 国际金融市场：International Financial Market (IFM)6. 投资组合：Portfolio7. 股票：Stocks8. 债券：Bonds9. 期货与期权：Futures & Options10. 对冲基金：Hedge Funds11. 风险投资：Venture Capital (VC)12. 私募股权投资：Private Equity (PE)。
大学商务英语教材词汇表
大学商务英语教材词汇表一、单词/短语解释1. Business (n.) - 商业，商务2. Commerce (n.) - 商业活动3. Economics (n.) - 经济学4. Marketing (n.) - 市场营销5. Finance (n.) - 金融6. Management (n.) - 管理7. Accounting (n.) - 会计8. International Trade (n.) - 国际贸易9. Entrepreneur (n.) - 企业家10. Corporate (adj.) - 公司的二、常用词汇1. Product (n.) - 产品2. Customer (n.) - 客户3. Sales (n.) - 销售4. Market (n.) - 市场6. Strategy (n.) - 战略7. Advertising (n.) - 广告8. Distribution (n.) - 分销9. Supply Chain (n.) - 供应链10. Partnership (n.) - 合作伙伴三、商务交流的词汇1. Negotiation (n.) - 谈判2. Contract (n.) - 合同3. Agreement (n.) - 协议4. Proposal (n.) - 提议5. Presentation (n.) - 演讲6. Conference (n.) - 会议7. Exhibition (n.) - 展览8. Networking (n.) - 社交四、金融相关词汇1. Investment (n.) - 投资3. Bond (n.) - 债券4. Interest Rate (n.) - 利率5. Dividend (n.) - 股息6. Inflation (n.) - 通货膨胀7. Asset (n.) - 资产8. Liability (n.) - 负债9. Mortgage (n.) - 抵押贷款10. Capital (n.) - 资本五、商务英语教材常用短语1. Business Meeting - 商务会议2. Market Research - 市场调研3. Financial Analysis - 财务分析4. International Business - 国际商务5. Business Ethics - 商业道德6. Business Plan - 商业计划7. Risk Management - 风险管理8. Human Resources - 人力资源9. Customer Service - 客户服务10. Business Trip - 商务旅行结语：以上为大学商务英语教材常用词汇表，希望对学习商务英语的学生们有所帮助。
工商导论期末概念_词汇等总结
一．Forms of Business Ownership1.重要的短语和词汇joint ventures合资企业corporations公司limited liability companies有限责任公司mergers and acquisitions企业兼并与收购franchises特许经营raise capital筹资fringe benefits附加福利drawback阻碍make binding decisions做出有约束力的，附有义务的决定agreement协议creditor债权人pool their money and credit筹资和贷款dividend股息incorporate a business 组建公司capital base资本基础retain profits保留盈余interdisciplinary跨学科的claim bankruptcy宣布破产a salaried laborer or employee上班族high-achievement employee generate profit创造利润wind up/close business关闭生意be liable for对...负有法律责任state-owned enterprise国有企业broad of directors董事会barre除...之外issuance发行minute book记录簿bylaws and minutes规章制度和会议记录annual report年度报告sales volume销售量total assets总资产financial condition财政状况satisfy claims还清索赔金额pay off business debts偿清债务terminology术语paperwork文书工作default违约real state房地产create a concentrated market形成一个集中市场availability可利用性innovation创新sec-kill scandal 秒杀门start from scratch白手起家a franchise agreement特许经营合同franchise特许者franchisee被特许者trademark注册商标deliver a product or service送货/提供服务coupon优惠券production line生产线2.定义：An organization that is owned and usually managed,by one person is called sole proprietorships(个人企业)Advantage:Be your own boss/Keep profit from your business/Enjoy freedom to wind up your businessDisadvantage:Difficult to raise capital/Unlimited liability/Long hours working for theowner/Limited life span/Lose fringe benefitsPartnership（合伙企业）:A legal relationship between persons carrying on a profit-motivated business.(Maybe a partnership between two partners or among thirty)Advantages Bring different skills and resource the business/Easier to pay the rent,utilities,and other bills incurred by a business(A limited partnership is especially to designed to raise money) Disadvantages Personally responsible for liability of the partnership/There exists division of profits/Disagreement among partners/Difficult to terminate Key elements of general partnership(1) common ownership(2)shared profits and losses(3)the right to participate in managing the operation of the businessGeneral partnership（普通合伙）：a business with at least one general partner who has unlimited liability（无限责任）for the debts of the business(general partners arrange and run the business) Limited partnership(有限合伙):An arrangement where a person can contribute to a business without being involved in the affairs of the partnership(limited partners are investors only)Joint Ventures:(合资企业)the pooling of resources and expertise by two or more business,typically from different areas or countries to achieve a particular goal.The risks and rewards of the enterprise are also shared(eg:Hewlett-Packard and Samsung).Advantage Access to new markets and distribution networks*分销渠道)/I ncreased capacity（生产力）/The sharing of risks with a partner/Access to specialized staff and technology. Disadvantages1.If the objective of the venture is completely clear,or not communicated to all the staff,problems are likely to arise.2.There is an imbalance in the level of the expertise,investment or assets brought into the venture by the different the partners3.Different culture and management styleresults in poor integration and co-operation between the partners.4.The partner businesses(总公司)do not provide sufficient leadership and support in the early stage The corporation（公司）:a legal entity（法人实体）,allowed by legislation,which permits a group of people,as shareholders（股东）(for-profit companies盈利性企业)or members(non-profit companies),to create an organization,which can then focus on pursuing set objective,and empowered（授权与）with legal rights which are usually only reserved for individual,such as to sue or be sued,own property,hire employees or loan and borrow moneyAdvantages（P12.13）Limited liability/Skilled management team/Transfer of ownership/Greater capital base/StabilityDisadvantages(P13,14)Multiple taxation(双重课税)/Difficulty and expense of starting/Government involvement/Lack of secrecy/Lack of personal interest/Credit limitations(信用额度)（P13,14）Limited liability companies(LLC):（有限责任公司）A type of business ownership combining several features of corporation and partnership structure.It is not a corporation or a partnership.The numbers of the members are unlimited and may be individualAdvantages Limited liability/Flexible profit distribution(灵活的利益分配)/No minutes/Flow through taxation（转移课税）Disadvantages Limited life/Going public(上市)/Added complexity（变得复杂）Merger(兼并):The result of the combination of two companies(or corporations)to form a new company.Acquisition（收购）:One company buying the property and obligations of another companyA horizontal merger（横向收购）joins firms in the same industry and allows them to diversify（横线多样化）or expend their products(e.g.The merger of a bicycle company and a tricycle company, TCL and TMS)A Vertical merger（纵向兼并）i s the joining of two firms involved in different stages of the related business—a manufacture（生产商）merging with a supplier（供应商）of component（零部件）products,or a manufacturer merging with distributor（分销商）of its products.A potential competition merger(conglomerate)(混合兼并)unites firms in completely unrelated industrials.A franchises(特许经营)is the right to use a business name and sell products or services,usually in a specific geographical territory.(McDonald’s and KFC).Advantages It is a way to reduce risk and receive support from a large network./The preliminary work has been done with an infrastructure (基础设施)well established,a product line（产品线）in place,and the marketing strategy(营销策略)developed./The customer base(顾客群)may be set,sometimes with good name recognition.（品牌认同）/The franchiser usually provides management assistance and training and may offer financial support.Disadvantages A franchise offers less freedom than an independent business. Initial franchise fees(加盟费)may be expensive.(Start-up costs for a KFC’s restaurant is about$5 million to$6million in China.)/The franchise often demands a large share of the profits referred to as royalty payments（专利权税）./The reputation of one franchisee could be adversely affected by the failings of others.Types of corporationsPrivate Attempts to earn a satisfactory profitPublic Owned and run by the governmentClosed Stock held by only a few owner and not sold on the stock marketOpen Stock held by numerous people and actively sold on the marketMunicipal Cities and townships that carry out businessDomestic incorporated in one province or country and doing business within that region Foreign Incorporated in one province or country and doing business in another province country Alien Incorporated in one nation and operating in another nationNon-Service organization incorporated forProfit limited-liability status二．Management1.定义：（1.）Management is defined as the application of planning,organizing,directing,and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives. The theme of management is that a central person must-by using such skills as decision making,communication and objective setting-coordinate the work activities of others to achieve organizational objectives(组织目标).（2.）Planning means defining goals for future organizational performance(企业运作)and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.Strategic（long-range）planning(战略规划)determines the major goals of the organization as well as the policies,procedures,and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals. Tactical(short-range)planning(短期规划)is the process of developing detailed,short-term strategies about what is to be done,who is to do it,and how it is told be done.Operational planning(运营规划)is the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the tactical objectives.Contingency planning(应急计划)is the process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don't achieve the organization's objectives.(3).Organizing involves the assignment of tasks,the grouping of tasks into departments,and the allocation of resources to departments.Autocratic leadership(专制型领导)，the close style of supervision,means providing subordinates with detailed job instructions.Democratic leadership(民主型领导)，or general supervision(also referred to as participatory).In this style,the manager consults with subordinates about his job activities,problems,and corrective actions.(3)Controlling involves verifying(核实)that actual performance matches the plan.The core idea of control is to modify behavior and performance when deviations(背离)from plans are discovered. The process of control has five basic steps:1.set clear standards for time,quality,quantity,and so on.2.Monitor and record actual performance(results),pare results against plans and standards.municate results and deviations to the employees involved.5.Take corrective actions(采取矫正行动)when needed.（4）Organizational structure(组织结构)is the formal decision-making framework by which job tasks are divided,grouped,coordinated,Departmentalization by function organizes by the functions to be performed, Departmentalization by product assembles all functions needed to make and market a particular product and placed under one executive.Departmentalization by geographical regions groups jobs on the basis of territory or geography.Departmentalization by process groups jobs on the basis of product or customer flow. Departmentalization by customer groups jobs on the basis of a common set of needs or problemsof specific customers.（5.）As enterprises grow from an owner to a group to a corporation,a number of managerial levels of management---top level,middle level and first level--are usually portrayed as a managerial hierarchy(管理层)TOP Level Manger（高层管理者）title--president(总裁)，chairperson(主管),executive director，chief executive officer(CEO)，and executive vice-president(执行副总裁)Middle Level Manger(中层管理者)responsibility--receive the broad overall strategies,missions, and objectives from top-level managers and translate them into specific action programs.The emphasis is on implementing the broad organizational plans.First Level Manger(基层管理者)responsibility--is directly responsible for the precise detail ordered to coordinate the work of non-mangers.His function emphasize directing and controlling the work of employees in order to achieve the team goals,must work directly with employees and motivate them to perform satisfactorily.(6)Managerial Roles(经理人角色)A role is a set of expectations for a manger's behavior.These ten roles are divided into three groups:interpersonal(managing through people),informational (managing by information),and decisional(managing actions).Interpersonal Roles(人际关系角色)In the figurehead(名誉领袖)role,the manger handles ceremonial and symbolic activities foe the department or organization.The manager represents the organization in his or her formal managerial capacity as the head of the unit.In the liaison(联络人) role,the manger interacts with peers and people inside and outside the organization.The top-level manger uses the liaison role to gain favors and information,while the supervisor uses the liaison role to maintain the routine flow of work.The leader(领导人)role encompasses(围绕)relationships with subordinates,including motivation,communication,and influence.Informational role(信息角色)describe the activities used to maintain and develop an information network(信息网)In the monitor（监听者）role,the manger receives and collects information from many sources.The manger acquires information from others and scans written materials to stay well informed.In the role of disseminator（传播者）,the manger transmits special information into the organization.The top-level manger receives and transmits more information from people outside the organization than the supervisor.In the role of spokesperson（发言人）,the manger disseminates the organization's information into its environment..Decisional Roles(决策角色)In the entrepreneur(企业家角色)role,the manager initiates change.In the disturbance handler(障碍排除者)role，the manager resolves conflicts among subordinates or between the manager”departments.The resource allocator(资源分配者)role pertains to decisions about how to allocate people,time,equipment,budget,and other resources to attain desired outcomes. In the negotiator(谈判者)role,the manager negotiates on behalf of the organization. Management Skills(管理技能)Conceptual skill(概念技能)is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.(the ability to think strategically(战略性))Human skill(人际技能)is the manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.Technical skill(技术技能)is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.2.重要的短语和词汇managerial actions管理行为state of economy经济状况meet people’needs满足需求meet thestrategic objectives实际战略目标set annual budgets制定年度预算structural reorganizations结构重组division部门downsize精简，裁减a diversity of workforce/labor force劳动力多样化distribution center配送中心，快递公司delegate one's responsibility分配（委任）职责accident reports事故报告departmentalization部门化department stores百货商场home accessories家居装饰pharmaceutical company制药公司domestic sales国内销售bedischarged出院out-patient出院preliminary diagnostic tests初步诊断non-for-profit organizations非营利性组织project director(项目总监)sales coordinator(区域销售)line manger(生产线管理人员)section chief/head(工长)division manager(部门经理）budget allocations(财政预算)priority（得到优先处理）budget resources（预算来源）pant floor(工房) improve managerial potential(提高/增强某人的管理技能)top-priority task(首要任务)三.Marketing1.重要的短语和词汇sales promotion促销set price定价advertise campaign广告显示在脑海中catalogue产品目录a higha sales team销售团队sustainablediscretionary income(可支配收入)develop the product开发产品sales-oriented销售为导向profit-oriented盈利为导向（销售与营销的不同）package design包装设计trademark商标warranty质保service policy服务方针target customers目标顾客sales personnel销售人员pay one for two买一送一entice诱使quantity or crash discounts数量或者现金折扣sell off清仓introductory stage引入期maturity stage成熟期decline stage衰退期market share市场份额economic climates经济环境market segments市场细分retailer零售商wholesaler批发商ultimate consumer终端消费者mail order邮购e-commerce电子商务product range产品系列shopping carts购物车retail outler 零售点retail premises铺/店面direct supply/sale直效行销direct to retailer零售商销售（P135）sales call销售拜访promotion goals(促销目标)develop an advertising campaign策划广告活动target audience目标观众build awareness树立品牌意识effectiveness of the advertisements广告的有效性an advertising agency广告代理coupons(赠券)rebate(价格折扣)premium(赠品) bonus pack加量不加价money-off promotion折扣促销public relations公共关系news release 新闻发布feature article专题文章captioned photograph带有图片说明的图片an editorial编者a news conference记者招待会sponsorship赞助The product life cycle产品生命周期revenue收益product development产品研发incubation孵化between A and B在A和B的相互作用下launch/release a brand-new product发布新产品negative profit负收益the product class产品类product awareness产品意识a profit margin边际利润recoup development costs quickly迅速回收研发成本build brand awareness树立品牌意识selective distribution选择性分销intensive distribution广泛型/密集型分销survival of product产品的生命trade discount贸易折扣build product preference树立品牌偏好peak达到（高峰期）advertising expenditure广告支出extend the product life cycle延长产品生命differentiate the product from使产品不同于a price war价格战shelf space货架量build brand loyalty树立品牌忠诚度competitive edge竞争优势discontinue the product停产产品a successor product替代产品product line产品线rejuvenate更新liquidate inventory清算库存a niche market利基市场/瞄准机会的市场phase out逐步淘汰reinforce the brand image加强品牌形象Need recognition需求认知search收集信息Evaluation of alternatives分析选择Purchase decision决定购买After-purchase evaluation售后评价cognitive dissonance认知失调reference groups咨询群体sub-culture亚文化perception认知a day-care center日托中心portable可携带的proactive主动的address a specific topic or problem提出问题exploratory research探测性调研focus group interviews专题组座谈experimental research实验性调研descriptive research描述性调研secondary data第二手资料primary data第一手资料mass marketing大量营销target marketing目标营销heterogeneous异类的identifiable可衡量substantial殷实unique needs反应差异(市场细分的要求P154)segmentation bases细分依据（P155)geographic segmentation bases(地理因素）demographic segmentation bases（人口因素）population density人口密度hinterland穷乡僻壤psychographic segmentation bases消费心理因素health conscious健康意识fitness-oriented以健康为主的behaviouralistic segmentation bases消费行为因素2.定义:Marking is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promotion,and distribution of goods,services and ideas to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.The marketing concept(市场营销观念)is the philosophy that firms should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs,better than the competition.The production concept（生产观念）was the idea that a firm should focus on those products that it could produce most efficiently and that the creation of a supply of low-cost products would in and of itself create the demand for those products.The selling concept（推销观念）paid little attention to whether the product actually was needed;the goal simply was to beat the competition to the sale with little regard to customer satisfaction.The Marketing Concept(市场营销观念)Focusing on customer needs before developing the product Aligning all functions of the company to focus on hose needs realizing a profit by successfully satisfying customer needs over the long-term4P Product is a bundle of tangible(有形的)and intangible attributes（属性）including packaging, color,brand,services and the r eputation(信念理念)of sellers.Consumer products are produced for and purchased by households for their use.Industrial products are sold primarily for use in producing their products.Price refers to the value or worth of a product that attracts the buyer to exchange money or something of value for the product.1.recoup(补偿)any overheads（企业经常性费用）pete with rival companies3.charge a price your customers are willing to buy.（四种定价法）Place/Distribution simply refers to how you will sell your products to your customers. Promotion(促销)Personal selling（人员销售）is personal communication of information to persuade a prospective customer（潜在客户）to buy sth that satisfies an individual’s needs.(几种不同的促销方式见课本）Advertising is non-personal communication of information paid for by an identified sponsor such as an individual or an organization.Publicity（宣传）is a non-personal form of communicationsales promotion(销售促销)is a paid form of non-personal communication that provides direct incentives to customers,salespeople,and marking intermediaries（营销机构）for purchasing a product.Consumer Buying Behavior(消费者购买行为)The actions and decisions of individuals who purchase products for their personal use constitute consumer buying behavior.Industrial Buying Behavior（企业购买行为）The purchase decision making of organizations such as manufacturers,service providers,government agencies,institutions,and non-profit groups is referred to as industrial buying behavior.（P149three ways）Marketing research(市场营销调研)is the process of systematically gathering,analyzing andinterpreting data pertaining to（关于）the company’s market,customers and competitors,with the goal of improving marketing decisions.（P151five processes）Market Segmentation（市场细分）the division of a market into different homogeneous(同类的）groups of consumers is called market segmentation.四．Human Resources Management（人力资源管理）1.重要的短语和词汇cover letter自荐信socialization定位Labor market劳动力市场promotion升职/提拔transfer调动demotion降级separation解雇compensation酬劳projected突出的demographics人口统计数字fill the job/position填补空缺a written statement 书面陈述qualified employees合格力人才substantial surplus or shortage人力过剩或不足rate of turnover人员更替速率scouting人才物色staff the organization招聘职员hinges on取决于set up stands设立摊位entry-level入门水平，适合无经验者或者初入市场者的campus recruitment校园招聘job openings职位空缺vacant position空位employment checks招聘调查credit checks信用调查honor兑换financial obligation及时还债cross-check反复核对，交叉核对a line manager生产线管理人员take a physical examination体检claim for compensation索赔/理赔the terms of the offer开个条件employment policies招聘政策promotion-from-within内部提拔boost the morale of the employees鼓舞士气career development职业规划proper orientation正确定位work hour工作时间pay schedule工资体制indoctrinate灌输，传授subunit二级单位a training program培训项目organizational analysis组织分析analysis of job requirement工作分析performance record业绩记录on-the-job method在职培养off-the-job method脱产培训lathe车床vestibule training岗前培训management development program管理发展课程seminar座谈会/商讨会case study案例分析simulation模拟分析field ship实地考察mountain hiking登山computer-assisted instruction CAI计算机辅助讲授emotional resiliency情感弹性incumbent职责所在的would-be managers要提拔管理者resilient现任/在职的管理人员fringe benefit额外福利time wage实薪piece rate wage产品数量bonus奖金stock options股票购买特权quota配额base salary底薪stipulate规定overhead cost管理费用preset预设的pension退休金paid vacation带薪假期vision care视力保健tailor-made合适的，特制的cafeteria benefit自助式福利计划voluntary separation自动离职absenteeism旷工，缺勤societal社会的organizational climate and culture组织氛围和文化versatile多面手的stakeholder赌金保管者job enrichment丰富工作内容job enlargement扩大工作面rotate轮换2.定义The Human Resources Management(HRM)（人力资源管理）process is an ongoing procedure that tries to keep the organization supplied with the right people in the right positions.（1）Human resource planning(人力资源规划)is designed to ensure that personnel needs will be constantly and appropriately met.（四个方面）Future needs/Future balance/Recruiting or laying off employees/Development of employees（2）Recruitment(招聘)is concerned with developing a pool of job candidates（工作应聘者）in line with the human resource plan.Job AnalysisJob Description lists the objectives,responsibilities,main tasks of the job,the conditions under which the job is to be done,and its relationship to other jobs.Hiring Specification(招聘细则)defines the specific skills,education,experience,and qualifications that an individual must have in order to perform effectively in the position.The Four C’s Model for Evaluating Human Resources(评价人力资源的四个C模式) competence能力commitment责任心congruence一致，和谐cost effectiveness成本效力（3）Selection(选拔)involves using application forms（申请表）,resumes,interviews,employment and skill tests（技能测试）,and reference checks(征信调查)to evaluate and screen job candidates for the managers who will ultimately select and hire a candidate.（4）Socialization or orientation(定位)is designed to help the selected individuals fit smoothly into the organization.（5）Training and development(培训与发展/培养)are both aimed at increasing employees' abilities to contribute to organizational effectiveness.（组织效能）（6）Performance appraisal(绩效考核/评价)，which involves both informal performance appraisal and formal systematic parers and an individual'job performance with standards or objectives developed for the individual'position.六．Corporate Culture企业文化1.重要的短语和词汇Social etiquette and demeanor社交礼节和飞度designation称号attorney律师litigation起诉adversary对手visionary有远见的emerging新兴的Identification of Corporate Culture企业文化的确认theme parks主题公园collegial学院派toxic有害的subculture次培养occupational,professional or financial divisions(职业，专业，经济状况)avid extreme adventurer热心的极限冒险者niche定位，合适的环境defect-free products没有瑕疵产品price leadership价格领先mechanism途径，手段wield有效地行使underscore强调abiding持久不变的payroll付给工人的薪金总额blackjack21点，一种纸牌游戏acronym首字母缩略词commemorate纪念，庆祝inauguration就职演说enunciation宣告，阐明humblebee大黄蜂，雄蜂aerodynamic空气动力学的2.定义Corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization,or simply as"how things are done around here”Guide how employees think,act and feel.Include core values(核心价值观)and beliefs,corporate ethics,and rules of behavior（道德规范和行为规范）Functions of Corporate Culture1.Provide a sense of identity for members.(导向)2.Generate commitment to the organization’s mission.（凝聚）3.Clarify and reinforce standards of behavior.（约束）(1)Culture as the Organization’s Personality作为企业个性的文化1.Risk Taking Personalities.(喜欢冒险的个性)Certain organizations encourage employees to take risks.2..Attention to Detail Personalities（注重细节的个性）.This type of organizations focuses attention on the details of the organization where they have made quality their driving themes.3.Outcome Oriented Personalities(注重结果的个性)This type of organizations succeeds by focusing on results in certain aspects of their business.4.People Orientation Personalities(以人为本的个性)Adobe-systems,the third largest manufacturer of personal computer software,treats its employees as“family”.5.Team Orientation Personalities（注重团体的个性）.Increasing number of organizations(and especially service providers)are shaping their cultures around the team concept.6.Aggressive Personalities(积极进取的个性).Some organizations value aggressiveness as a major part of the way that business is done.7.Non-stable Personalities(不求稳的个性).Companies which emphasize growth could be easily identified as having non-stable personalities.(2)Different Corporate Culture characteristic1.Sensitivity to the needs of customers and employees2.Interest in having employees generate new ideas3.Value placed on taking risks4.Openness of available communication options5.Friendliness and congeniality(亲和力)of employees towards one another6.Value placed on people in the organization(3)Creation of Corporate Culturepany Founders(企业的创建者).The founders often possess dynamic personalities,strong values,and a clear vision of how the organization should operate.2.Experience with the General Business and Industry Environment(企业外部环境的体验) Organizational culture often develops out of an organization’s experience with the general business and industry external environment.3.Contact with Others（企业内部群体和个体间的联系）This refers to the shaping of the organization based on how it develops out of contact between groups and individuals within an organization.(4)Tools for Transmitting Culture企业文化的传播途径Symbols象征stories故事jargon行话ceremonies仪式defining culture in writing书面原则(5)Influence of Corporate Culture on Climate and Management Practice(企业文化对企业氛围以及企业管理行为的影响)Subtle differences between organizational culture and organizational climate Organizational culture refers more specifically to the values,beliefs,and customs or norms of an anizational philosophyOrganizational climate more general,more nebulous(模糊的)it refers to the general atmosphere of an organization.。
工商导论词汇
商学概论词汇(293) Chapter1 (27)business 企业profit 利润not-profit (or nonprofit) organization 非营利组织management 管理operation manager 运营管理marketing 市场营销accountant 会计师finance 理财财务（活动）economics 经济学resources 资源factors of production 生产要素free market system 自由市场体系demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值business cycle 经济周期，商业周期recession 衰退depression 不景气，萧条（期）full employment 充分就业unemployment rate 失业率price stability 物价稳定inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩consumer price index（CPI）消费者价格指数national debt 国债Chapter 2 (7)entrepreneur 企业家small business administration 小企业管理局small business 小企业goods-producing sector 商品生产部，制造业service-producing sector 服务生产部，服务业business plan 商业计划franchise 特许经营权Chapter 3 (8)ethics 伦理，道德business ethics 商业伦理corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任stakeholders 利益相关者conflict of interest 利益冲突insider trading 内幕交易whistle-blower 告密者code of conduct 行为规范Chapter 4 （25）manager 经理，管理者management 管理planning 计划，规划strategic planning 战略规划，战略计划SWOT analysis SWOT分析goals （长期）经营目标objectives （中期）经营目标controlling 控制technical skills 专业技能，技术技能interpersonal skills 社交技能，人际技能conceptual skills 概念技能，理性思维技能time-management skills 时间管理技能decision-making skills 决策技能sole proprietorship 独资（经营）unlimited liability 无限责任partnership （or general partnership）合伙制（经营）limited partnership 有限合伙制（经营）corporation 公司shareholders 股东stock 股份board of directors 董事会dividends 股息limited liability 有限责任private （or closely held）corporation 不公开招股公司public corporation 公开招股公司Chapter 5 （35）human resource management (HRM) 人力资源管理strategic human resource planning 战略人力资源计划job analysis 工作分析job description 职位描述job specification 工作说明recruiting 招聘，雇佣discrimination 歧视，差别待遇selection 甄选application 申请（书）interview 面试contingent worker 临时工orientation 上岗领导off-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训，在岗培训motivation 动机equity theory 公平理论job redesign 工作再设计job rotation 工作转换job enlargement 职位扩大化job enrichment 工作丰富化flextime 弹性工作时间job sharing 工作分担telecommuting 远程办公performance appraisals 业绩评价，绩效评价turnover 人员流动downsizing 缩小规模，裁员employment-at-will 自由就业wages 工资（按小时计）salary 薪水piecework 按件付酬的工作commission 佣金incentive program 激励机制bonuses 奖金benefits 福利labor union 工会collective bargaining 集体谈判，劳资双方的谈判Chapter 6 （18）product 产品industry 行业market 市场market segment 细分市场market share 市场份额operations management (OM) 运营管理project team 项目团队product development process 产品开发过程product concept 产品说明，产品概念prototype 样品patent 专利make-to-order strategy 按订单生产mass production (or make-to-stock strategy) 批量生产mass customization 大众化定制capacity 生产能力layout 设计，安排master production schedule (MPS) 主生产进度表computer-aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计Chapter 7 (45)marketing 市场营销marketing concept 市场观念marketing strategy 营销战略，营销策略target market 目标市场consumer market 消费品市场industrial market 工业品市场market segment 细分市场marketing mix 营销组合marketing research 营销研究secondary data 二手资料primary data 原始资料focus group 小组讨论brand 标识，品牌trademark 商标private branding 自定商标generic branding 无商标（产品）manufacturer branding 制造商牌号brand equity 商标资产，品牌资产brand loyalty 品牌偏好，品牌忠诚packaging 包装labeling 贴标签intermediary 中间商retailers 零售商wholesalers（distribution）批发商profit margin 利润率physical distribution 物流storage warehouse 储藏库distribution center 配送中心materials handling 物流搬送just-in-time production 准时制生产supply chain 供应链supply chain management（SCM）供应链管理customer value triad 顾客价值三合一value chain 价值链promotion mix 促销组合advertising 广告personal selling 人员促销，个人销售sales promotion 促销publicity 宣传推广public relations 公共关系customer-relationship management 客户关系管理product life cycle 产品生命周期external marketing environment 外部营销环境consumer behavior 消费者行为advertising agency 广告商，广告公司Chapter 8 (28)absolute advantage 绝对优势comparative advantage 比较优势balance of trade 贸易差额trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差joint ventures 合资企业foreign direct investment(FDI) 外国直接投资foreign subsidiary 外国子公司multinational corporation (MNC) 多国公司culture 文化high-context culture 高情境文化low-context culture 低情境文化gross nation income per capita 人均国民收入exchange rate 汇率subsidies 补助金，补贴trade controls 贸易管制protectionism 贸易保护主义tariffs 关税quota (入口货等的) 配额embargo 贸易禁运dumping 倾销world trade organization 世界贸易组织International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织World bank 世界银行trading blocs 贸易同盟European Union 欧洲联盟North American Free Trade Association 北美自由贸易协定General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade 关税及贸易总协定Chapter 9 （40）stakeholders （公司的）利益相关者accounting 会计management accounting 管理会计financial accounting 财务会计financial statements 财务报表generally accepted accounting principles （GAAP）公认会计准则income statement 收益表；利益表；损益表revenues 销售收入expenses 费用；开支cost of goods sold 销售成本operating expenses 经营费用gross profit（or gross margin）毛利；总利润net income （or net profit）净收益（或净利润）breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析fixed costs 固定成本variable costs 可变成本breakeven point in units 单位盈亏平衡点balance sheet 资产负债表asset 资产liability 债务、负债owner’s equity 所有者权益fiscal year 财政年度accounting equation 会计等式account receivable 应收账款account payable 应付账款inventory 存货；库存量depreciation expense 折旧费用classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表liquidity 流运性；变线速度current asset 流动资产long-term asset (or fixed asset) 长期资产current liability 流动负债long-term liability 长期负债statement of cash flows 现金流量表operating activity 经营活动investing activity 投资活动financing activity 筹集活动certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师；执业会计师audit 审计private accountant 私人账户Chapter 10 (60)money 货币money market mutual funds 货币市场共同基金demand deposits 活期存款M-1 狭义货币，交易货币M-2 广义货币commercial bank 商业银行savings bank 储蓄银行credit union 信用合作社finance company 信贷公司insurance company 保险公司brokerage firm 经济商号mutual fund 共同基金money market fund 货币市场基金pension fund 退休基金Federal Reserve System（the fed）联邦储备系统（美联储）discount rate 贴现率prime rate 最低银行利率financial plan 财务计划maturity （票据等的）到期short-term loan 短期贷款intermediate loan 中期贷款long-term loan 长期贷款lines of credit 信用额度amortization 分期付款security 担保品collateral 担保品，抵押品unsecured loan 无担保贷款interest 利息cash-flow management 现金流管理trade credit 商业信用budget （一手）预算cash budget 现金预算capital budget 资本预算angel 赞助人venture capitalist 风险资本家initial public offering（IPO）首次公开发行（的股票）investment banking firm 投资银行primary market 初级市场secondary market 二级市场New York Stock Exchange （NYSE）纽约股票交易所American Stock Exchange （AMEX）美国证券交易所Over-the-counter (OTC) market 场外交易市场NASDAQ 纳斯达克Securities and Exchange Commission （SEC）美国证券交易委员会insider trading 内线交易market index 市场指数Dow Jones Industrial Average （DJIA）道琼斯工业平均指数NASDAQ Composite Index 纳达斯综合指数Standard & Poor’s Composite Index （S&P 500）标准普尔股价指数bull market （股市中的）牛市bear market (股市中的) 熊市equity financing 产权融资debt financing 债券融资stockholder’s equity 股东权益dividends 股息common stock 普通股preferred stock 优先股cumulative preferred stock 累积优先股convertible preferred stock 可兑换优先股bonds 债券。
商务英语工商导论专业单词表
stockholder 股东Fundamentals of business executive 公司行政领导Unit 1franchisor 授予特许者dsole proprietorship 商个体，个体户écor （店铺）装饰attire （员工）服装partnership 商合伙，合伙公司corporation (股份有限)公司unit 2 franchise 特许经营replica 执照复制品)license/permit (营业centralized 中央集权的sole proprietor 个体业主chronic shortage 长期短缺shareholder 股东product-oriented 产品导向的board director 董事会成员，董事acquire unlimited liability 无限责任获得personal selling 获取方法，渠道当面推销accesspublicity 资产assets 媒体推介bulk buying financing 筹集的资金，融资大宗购买discount price 打折销售marketing 营销uniform specification 统一规格dissolution 解散marketing mix 营销组合法律事务所law firmpromotion 促销accounting firm 会计事务所utility 功能，便利real estate firm 房地产公司channels of distribution 分销渠道，销售渠道partner 合伙人general partner 市场细分market segmentation 普通合伙人…)limited partner (责任有限合伙人瞄准，集中精力于zero in on…人口统计的供货商supplier demographicextend credit 提供信贷消费心态学psychographic法律框架legal framework 产品用途因素product-use variable破产go brokeunit 3internal conflict 内部纷争，冲突肉汤convenience goods 方便商品broth incorporator shopping goods （货比三家后再购买的）商品公司股东sales revenue 销售收入specialty goods 特种商品，特色商品feasibility 可行的法人legal person可销售性sue 起诉，控告marketabilitybankrupt 样品，样机pilot model 破产bond 债权样机prototype商业化抵押物collateral commercialization产品生命周期…finance 为提供资金product life cycle定价扩张expansion pricing所有权与经profit-oriented objectives 利润导向型目标separated ownership and managementreturn on capital 资本（投资）回报率营分离销售额导向型目标termination 终结sales-oriented objectiveresilient 亏本销售，赔本买卖be sold under cost 可恢复的有弹性的，跟进型目标follow-the leader objective dividend 股息，分红equilibrium price 所得税income tax 均衡点价格双重征税double taxation 盈亏平衡点break-even公司执照corporate charter 双刃剑double-edge swordindustrial relations 劳资关系撇脂战略skimming strategy渗透战略penetration strategy 引起，导致incurloss leader pricing strategy （用少量低价商品）诱premium 奖励券trade stamp 行业优惠券导战略redeem 兑换，返还odd pricing strategy 心理定价战略trade show 行业展览会price lining strategy 分类定价战略sponsorship 赞助unit 4 public relations 公共关系publicity 媒体推介wholesaler 批发商word of mouth 口碑retailer 零售商discount store 折扣商店，平价商店unit 6周转率turnoverportability 邮购公司可携带性mail-order housedivisibility vending machine 自动售货机可分割性stability 虚拟商店，网上商店稳定性virtual storedurability 耐用性，耐磨损性agent 代理商acceptability 合法使用性经纪人brokerdenomination 面值time utility 时间上的方便paper note 纸币place utility 地点上的方便inflation 通货膨胀ownership utility 获得拥有权上的方便transaction 交易信息上的方便information utilitycirculation 流通form utility 产品成型上的方便legal tender 法定货币truck rates 卡车运费medium of exchange perishable 易腐烂的交换媒体store of value 价值存储叉车forkliftunit of account conveyer belt 运输带计算单位，会计单位活期存款demand deposit crane 吊车产生利息的interest-bearingunit 5支票帐户checking account取款withdrawal 促销组合promotion mixproduct advertising 产品广告minimum balance 最少余额credit union 厂商整体形象广告institutional advertising 信用社serial number 序列号outdoor billboard 户外广告牌spot liquidity变现性，流动性（播放）时段specialist magazine 专业杂志portfolio 投资组合有价证券（互联网上的）超媒体hypermedia securities存款帐户savings account yellow pages 电话薄货币兑换currency exchange 广告代理公司advertising agency信用证artwork 艺术设计letters of creditcommission 银行承兑＇s acceptance banker佣金draft 汇票物色（潜在顾客）prospectaccess card 自动柜员机卡确认qualify接触（顾客）信用卡credit card approach借记卡debit card 演示make presentation理财咨询financial counseling 处理（顾客）不同意见handle objectionshome mortgage 成交close 住房抵押互助储蓄银行follow-up售后跟踪mutual savings bank销售点上的演示point-of-sale displays 存款人depositorsweep stakes 摸奖，赌券养老基金pension fund保险费premium 打折券，优惠券couponunchecked 不受控制的creditor 债权人liquidation 可持续的清算sustainableFederal Reserve 美国联邦储备局unit 8美联储Fedmanagerial accounting 管理会计discount rate 贴现率financial accounting 财务会计open-market operation 公开市场运作financial statement vault 金库财务报表balance sheet 资产负债表dealer （有价证券）券商owner＇s equity 所有者权益unit 7patent 专利copyright 版权行业信用trade creditcurrent assets 流动资产commercial paper 短期融资券fixed assets 固定资产factor （对应收帐等的）贴现intangible assets 无形资产account receivable 应收账款liabilities 负债account payable 应付账款current liabilities open account 开立账户，赊账帐户流动负债long-term liabilities 长期负债promissory note 本票current ratio 流动比率draft 汇票quick ratio （acid test ratio）速动比率义务，债务obligationrental revenue line of credit 信用额度租赁收入gross profit margin 无担保的secured/ unsecured 有/ 毛利润率net profit margin 净利润率collateral 抵押物inventory turnover 库存周转率inventory 库存average inventory 平均库存compensating balance 补偿余额account receivable turnover 循环信用revolving credit 应收账款周转率the going interest rate 市场利率s investment ＇投资回报率return on owner 面值face valueunit 9factor 贴现商securities market 债务资本debt capital 证券市场underwrite 承销corporate bond 公司债券broker 经纪人equity capital 权益资本retained earnings 留用利润stock exchange 股票交易所股票经销商（公司）股息dividend stock brokerage预计股价会涨者，买多者bull depreciation 折旧预计股票会跌者，卖空者bear 一个公司的股票总称stock投机者IOU 借据speculator股权融资equity financing 放弃forfeitshare 股票其中的一张growth stocks 绩优股借款融资debt financing blue chip 蓝筹股，绩优股资本结构capital structure speculative issues 收益与风险俱大的股票现金流cash flowunit 10utilities companies 水，电等公用事业公司risk management 风险管理到期日maturity date半成品本金principal works-in-process概率redemption premium 赎金probability优先股preferred stock pirating 海盗活动callable 可召回的马六甲海峡the Strait of Malacca 套期保值hedging 普通股common stockfeed 饲料meeting of the minds 合意coercion 胁迫risk-sharing mechanism风险分担机制fraudulent manipulation 欺诈操纵premium 保险费consideration 对价insurance policy 保险合同proper form 可保利益有效形式insurable interestbreach of contract 违约indemnity 补偿enforceable 可实施的，可执行的subrogation 代位tort law 侵权法proximate cause 近因negligence insured 保户疏忽surgical forceps 抚养人手术用镊子dependenttitle to property 财产所有权utmost good faith 最大诚信trial 赔偿compensation 试用cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付现contribution 全部赔偿不能超过应得补偿free on board 离岸价格insurable risk 可保风险unauthorized 未经授权的underwrite 承保royalty 版税，专利使用费保户policyholderlicense 允许使用（专利）property insurance 财产险warranty 担保marine insurance 海险merchantability 可用性adversity 灾祸refund 退款航空险aviation insurancenegotiable instrument liability insurance 责任险票据certificate of deposit 单位，私家所属的场所存款单premisesmaker worker＇s compensation 工伤赔偿（本票，支票）出票人drawer （汇票）出票人split-liability 责任分担endorsement vandalism 打砸等破坏行为背书blank endorsement 无过错汽车保险no-fault auto insurance 普通背书restrictive endorsement （指定收票人的）特种背reimburse 报销surgical expenses 手术费用书qualified endorsement 限定性背书hospital expenses 住院费用without recourse 不可追索自选组合cafeteria planagency law 代理法term life insurance 简单寿险principal 定期寿险limited payment life insurance 委托人，授权人agent endowment life insurance 增值寿险代理人power of attorney 委任书，授权书完全寿险straight life insuranceequitable 公平的group life insurance 集团寿险terms of reference 授权范围关键人物险key person insuranceoverbill 信用寿险开出超过合理数额的账单credit life insurancebankruptcy law fidelity bond 忠实险破产法petition for bankruptcy 履行义务险破产申请surety bond referee 调解人unit 11trustee 托管人proceeds 普通法，习惯法，判例法common law 收益extension agreement 制定法，成文法statutory law 延展协议reorganization regulatory law 行政法规重组jurisdiction 管辖，权限unit 13合法目的lawful purposeplanning 合同各方具备能力competency of parties 规划手段和目的means and ends 自愿缔约voluntary agreement organizing 组织chain of command 指挥链，指令链leading 领导motivate 激励，激发autonomy 自主权rewards 回报，奖励controlling 调控deviation 偏离，背离corrective measure 矫正措施chief executive officer 首席执行官function/division manager 部门经理operating manager 操作层经理human skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概括技能technical skills 操作技能recruit 招聘，招募political tint 政治色彩bottom-line manager 一线经理，基层经理proven track record 被实践证明的业绩记录headhunter 猎头公司job specialization 工作专门化departmentalization 部门化unity of command 统一指挥line authority 直线职权staff authority 职能（部门的）职权line-and-staff organization 直线――职能混合型组织responsibility 责任delegation分权，授权span of management 管理跨度，管理幅度hierarchical levels 管理层次，组织结构层次functional organization 按功能划分部门的组织divisional organization 按事业部划分的组织division manager 部门经理，事业部经理generalist 经验全面的人才，通才matrix organization 矩阵型组织standing committee 常设委员会ad hoc committee 特别委员会grapevine 非正式沟通的途径。
商务英语专业词汇
商务英语专业词汇企业标识corporate identity企业形象corporate image公司规划corporate planning企业部门corporate sector企业福利corporate welfare公司注册许可证corporation charter成本会计师cost accountant注重节省成本的cost-conscious成本效益cost-effective质量成本cost of quality销售成本cost of sales成本核算costing咨询公司consultancy耐用消费品consumer durables家用电子产品consumer electronics日用消费品consumer goods消费趋势consumer trends雇用合同contract of employment合同期限contract period合同义务contract obligations核心经营项目core activity核心福利项目core benefits核心产品core product核心技术core technology公司官僚主义corpocracy商务区business area公司赊账卡corporate charge card 公司文化corporate culture公司宴请corporate entertaining 竞争优势competition advantage 优惠价格competitively price竞争对手competitor投诉complaint工作周work weeks会议设备conference facility会议技术conferencing跨行业公司conglomeration商品批发商commodity trade乘车上下班者commuter公司法company law公司概况company profile公司秘书company secretary企业内部商店company store行政机关civil service索赔部经理claims manager业务会议business meeting商业运作模式business operation 业务透支business overdraft商业伙伴business partner经营规划business plan商业头脑business sense出差go to a business trip副产品by-product品牌形象brand image领导产品brand leader品牌忠诚brand loyalty创品牌brand-making收支平衡breakeven收支平衡点breakeven point公文包briefcase情况通报会briefing小册子brochure代理人broker预算价商品budget priced goods董事会议board meeting债券bond奖金bonus消费积分bonus points分公司branch office拓展业务branch out基本工资base pay成批的产品batch受益人beneficiary福利津贴benefit premium生意兴旺blockbuster初级商务英语（BEC）会议议程方面的英语短句篇hall 大会rostrum 讲台public gallery 旁听席notice board 布告牌to convene, to convoke 召开convocation 会议standing orders, by-laws 议事程序rules of procedure 议事规则constitution, statutes 章程procedure 程序agenda 议程timetable, schedule 日程表,时刻表item on the agenda 议程项目other business 其他事项to place on the agenda 列入议程working paper 工作文件opening 开幕the sitting is open 会议开幕appointment 任命to appoint 任命,委派speaker 报告人to make a speech, to deliver a speech 做报告to ask for the floor 要求发言to give the floor to 同意...发言(美作:to recognize) to take the floor, to address the meeting 发言declaration, statement 声明Am I in order? 我这样做符合议程规定吗?call to order 要求遵守秩序to raise a point of order 提出关于议程的问题general debate 长时间的讨论receivability 可以接受,可接纳stand 立场,主张consensus 意见advisory opinion 顾问意见proposal 建议to table a proposal 提出建议clarification 澄清comment 评论to second, to support 赞成to adopt 通过to oppose 反对to raise an objection 提出异议to move an amendment 提出修正案to amend 修正second reading (法案、议案的)二读substantive motion 实质性的动议decision 决定ruling 裁决to reject 拒绝,驳回resolution 决议draft resolution 决议草案,提案first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿whereases 正式文件的开场白,前言motivations 表明动机operative part 生效部分report 报告factual report 事实报告minutes, record 记录summary record 摘要纪录verbatim record 逐字纪录memorandum 备忘录to postpone, to adjourn, to put off 推迟,延期closure 闭幕式closing speech 闭幕词to adjourn the meeting, to close the meeting 散会。
商务英语专业分类词汇
商务英语专业分类词汇以下是网搜集的商务英语专业分类词汇，希望大家喜欢。
1 c&f( cost & freight)本钱加运费价2 t/t(telegraphic transfer)电汇3 d/p(document against payment)付款交单4 d/a (document against aeptance)承兑交单5 c.o (certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 g.s.p.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 ctn/ctns(carton/cartons)纸箱8 pce/pcs(piece/pieces)只、个、支等9 dl/dls(dollar/dollars)美元10 doz/dz(dozen)一打11 pkg(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12 wt(weight)重量13 g.w.(gross weight)毛重14 n.w.( weight)净重15 c/d (customs declaration)报关单16 ea(each)每个，各17 w (with)具有18 w/o(without)没有19 fac(facsimile)20 imp(import)进口21 exp(export)出口22 max (maximum)最大的、最大限度的23 min (minimum)最小的，最低限度24 m 或med (medium)中等，中级的25 m/v(merchant vessel)商船26 s.s(steamship)船运27 mt或m/t(metric ton)公吨28 doc (document)文件、单据29 int(international)国际的30 p/l (packing list)装箱单、明细表31 inv (invoice)发票32 pct (percent)百分比33 ref (reference)参考、查价34 ems (express mail special)特快传递35 stl.(style)式样、款式、类型36 t或ltx或tx(telex)电传37 rmb(renminbi)人民币38 s/m (shipping marks)装船标记39 pr或prc(price) 价格40 pur (purchase)购置、购货41 s/c(sales contract)销售确认书42 l/c (letter of credit)信用证43 b/l (bill of lading)提单44 fob (free on board)离岸价45 cif (cost, insurance &freight)本钱、保险加运费价。
商务英语单词词汇
商务英语单词词汇商务英语单词词汇商务英语，作为一种特定的教程，强调的不仅仅是语言的水平，而是一种实际综合素质的提高。
下面是店铺整理的商务英语单词，希望能帮到大家!precede[pri(:)'si:d]v.高于...;先于...border['b0:d2]n.边界commerce['k0m2(:)s]n.商业,贸易apparent[2'p9r2nt]a.明显的; 表面的; 外观的precise[pri'sais]a.精确的，精密的;严谨的bow[bau]v.鞠躬;点头commodity[k2'm0diti]n.日用品applicant['9plik2nt]n.申请者predominant[pri'd0min2nt]a.主要的,占优势的brief[bri:f]a.简短的,短暂的communicate[k2'mju:nikeit]v.传递，传送;通信appointment[2'p0intm2nt]n.约定，约会prefer[pri'f2:]v.更喜欢，宁愿brochure[brou'6u2]n.小册子companion[k2m'p9ni2n]n.同伴;同事approval[2'pru:v2l]n.赞同，批准preferential[pref2'ren62l]a.偏重的bronze[br0nz]n.青铜,古铜comparison[k2m'p9risn]n.比较,对照argument['a:gju:m2nt]n.论据prepare[pri'p/2]v.准备;预备bulb[b3lb]n.电灯泡competition[k0mp2'ti62n]n.竞赛arrangement[2'reind7m2nt]n.安排;筹备;整理prescribe[pris'kraib]v.指示，处方bunch[b3nt6]n.一(束、串)complement['k2mplim2nt]n.补充物,补足物,定额ascertain[9s2'tein]v.查明，确定present['preznt]v. n.礼物on business[]因公，因事comply[k2m'plai]v.服从,照办assembly[2'sembli]n.集会，会议presently['prez2ntli]adv.一会儿，不久cable['keibl]n.电缆;发电报comprise[k2m'praiz]v.包含，包括;构成assign[2'sain]v.分配;指定preserve[pri'z2:v]v.保存;保护camera['k9m2r2]n.照相机;摄象机concentrate['k0ns2ntreit]v.集中assistant[2'sist2nt]n.助手;图书管理员press[pres]v.压cancel['k9ns2l]v.取消，撤消conduct['k0nd2kt, k2n'd3kt]v.引导，传导assumption[2's3mp62n]n.假定;采取prestige[pres'ti:7]n.威望，声望capable['keip2bl]a.有...能力confident['k0nfid2nt]a.有信心的attach[2't9t6]v.附上,贴上;属于prevail[pri'veil]v.流行,盛行,占优势carbon['ka:b2n]n.碳confirmation[k0nf2'mei62n]n.确认;确认书attention[2'ten62n]n.注意price[prais]n.价格carpet['ka:pit]n.地毯phrase[freiz]n.短语;警句attendant[2'tend2nt]n.服务员,侍者in case[]万一;在...情况下; 以防acquire[2'kwai2]v.获得，学到(知识等) picnic['piknik]n.野餐attract[2'tr9kt]v.吸引cast[ka:st]v.投掷action['9k62n]n.行动;作用pillar['pil2]n.柱子下载文档。
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Fundamentals of businessUnit 1sole proprietorship 商个体，个体户partnership 商合伙，合伙公司corporation (股份有限)公司franchise 特许经营license/permit (营业)执照sole proprietor 个体业主shareholder 股东board director 董事会成员，董事unlimited liability 无限责任access获取方法，渠道assets 资产financing 筹集的资金，融资marketing 营销dissolution 解散law firm 法律事务所accounting firm 会计事务所real estate firm 房地产公司partner 合伙人general partner 普通合伙人limited partner (责任)有限合伙人supplier 供货商extend credit 提供信贷legal framework 法律框架go broke 破产internal conflict 内部纷争，冲突broth 肉汤incorporator 公司股东sales revenue 销售收入legal person 法人sue 起诉，控告bankrupt 破产bond 债权collateral 抵押物finance 为…提供资金expansion 扩张separated ownership and management 所有权与经营分离termination 终结resilient 有弹性的，可恢复的dividend 股息，分红income tax 所得税double taxation 双重征税corporate charter 公司执照industrial relations 劳资关系incur 引起，导致stockholder 股东executive 公司行政领导franchisor 授予特许者décor （店铺）装饰attire （员工）服装unit 2replica 复制品centralized 中央集权的chronic shortage 长期短缺product-oriented 产品导向的acquire 获得personal selling 当面推销publicity 媒体推介bulk buying 大宗购买discount price 打折销售uniform specification 统一规格marketing mix 营销组合promotion 促销utility 功能，便利channels of distribution 分销渠道，销售渠道market segmentation 市场细分zero in on…瞄准，集中精力于…demographic 人口统计的psychographic 消费心态学product-use variable 产品用途因素unit 3convenience goods 方便商品shopping goods （货比三家后再购买的）商品specialty goods 特种商品，特色商品feasibility 可行的marketability 可销售性pilot model 样品，样机prototype 样机commercialization 商业化product life cycle 产品生命周期pricing 定价profit-oriented objectives 利润导向型目标return on capital 资本（投资）回报率sales-oriented objective 销售额导向型目标be sold under cost 亏本销售，赔本买卖follow-the leader objective 跟进型目标equilibrium price 均衡点价格精品文档break-even 盈亏平衡点double-edge sword 双刃剑skimming strategy 撇脂战略penetration strategy 渗透战略loss leader pricing strategy （用少量低价商品）诱导战略odd pricing strategy 心理定价战略price lining strategy 分类定价战略unit 4wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商discount store 折扣商店，平价商店turnover 周转率mail-order house 邮购公司vending machine 自动售货机virtual store 虚拟商店，网上商店agent 代理商broker 经纪人time utility 时间上的方便place utility 地点上的方便ownership utility 获得拥有权上的方便information utility 信息上的方便form utility 产品成型上的方便truck rates 卡车运费perishable 易腐烂的forklift 叉车conveyer belt 运输带crane 吊车unit 5promotion mix 促销组合product advertising 产品广告institutional advertising 厂商整体形象广告outdoor billboard 户外广告牌spot （播放）时段specialist magazine 专业杂志hypermedia （互联网上的）超媒体yellow pages 电话薄advertising agency 广告代理公司artwork 艺术设计commission 佣金prospect 物色（潜在顾客）qualify 确认approach 接触（顾客）make presentation 演示handle objections 处理（顾客）不同意见close 成交follow-up售后跟踪point-of-sale displays 销售点上的演示sweep stakes 摸奖，赌券coupon 打折券，优惠券premium 奖励券trade stamp 行业优惠券redeem 兑换，返还trade show 行业展览会sponsorship 赞助public relations 公共关系publicity 媒体推介word of mouth 口碑unit 6portability 可携带性divisibility 可分割性stability 稳定性durability 耐用性，耐磨损性acceptability 合法使用性denomination 面值paper note 纸币inflation 通货膨胀transaction 交易circulation 流通legal tender 法定货币medium of exchange 交换媒体store of value 价值存储unit of account 计算单位，会计单位demand deposit 活期存款interest-bearing 产生利息的checking account 支票帐户withdrawal 取款minimum balance 最少余额credit union 信用社serial number 序列号liquidity变现性，流动性portfolio 投资组合securities 有价证券savings account 存款帐户currency exchange 货币兑换letters of credit 信用证banker＇s acceptance 银行承兑draft 汇票access card 自动柜员机卡精品文档credit card 信用卡debit card 借记卡financial counseling 理财咨询home mortgage 住房抵押mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行depositor 存款人pension fund 养老基金premium 保险费unchecked 不受控制的sustainable 可持续的Federal Reserve 美国联邦储备局Fed 美联储discount rate 贴现率open-market operation 公开市场运作vault 金库dealer （有价证券）券商unit 7trade credit 行业信用commercial paper 短期融资券factor （对应收帐等的）贴现account receivable 应收账款account payable 应付账款open account 开立账户，赊账帐户promissory note 本票draft 汇票obligation 义务，债务line of credit 信用额度secured/ unsecured 有/无担保的collateral 抵押物inventory 库存compensating balance 补偿余额revolving credit 循环信用the going interest rate 市场利率face value 面值factor 贴现商debt capital 债务资本corporate bond 公司债券equity capital 权益资本retained earnings 留用利润dividend 股息depreciation 折旧stock 一个公司的股票总称IOU 借据equity financing 股权融资share 股票其中的一张debt financing 借款融资capital structure 资本结构cash flow 现金流utilities companies 水，电等公用事业公司maturity date 到期日principal 本金redemption premium 赎金preferred stock 优先股callable 可召回的common stock 普通股creditor 债权人liquidation 清算unit 8managerial accounting 管理会计financial accounting 财务会计financial statement 财务报表balance sheet 资产负债表owner＇s equity 所有者权益patent 专利copyright 版权current assets 流动资产fixed assets 固定资产intangible assets 无形资产liabilities 负债current liabilities 流动负债long-term liabilities 长期负债current ratio 流动比率quick ratio （acid test ratio）速动比率rental revenue 租赁收入gross profit margin 毛利润率net profit margin 净利润率inventory turnover 库存周转率average inventory 平均库存account receivable turnover 应收账款周转率return on owner＇s investment 投资回报率unit 9securities market 证券市场underwrite 承销broker 经纪人stock exchange 股票交易所stock brokerage 股票经销商（公司）bull 预计股价会涨者，买多者bear 预计股票会跌者，卖空者speculator 投机者精品文档forfeit 放弃growth stocks 绩优股blue chip 蓝筹股，绩优股speculative issues 收益与风险俱大的股票unit 10risk management 风险管理works-in-process 半成品probability 概率pirating 海盗活动the Strait of Malacca马六甲海峡hedging 套期保值feed 饲料risk-sharing mechanism风险分担机制premium 保险费insurance policy 保险合同insurable interest 可保利益indemnity 补偿subrogation 代位proximate cause 近因insured 保户dependent 抚养人utmost good faith 最大诚信compensation 赔偿contribution 全部赔偿不能超过应得补偿insurable risk 可保风险underwrite 承保policyholder 保户property insurance 财产险marine insurance 海险adversity 灾祸aviation insurance 航空险liability insurance 责任险premises 单位，私家所属的场所worker＇s compensation 工伤赔偿split-liability 责任分担vandalism 打砸等破坏行为no-fault auto insurance 无过错汽车保险reimburse 报销surgical expenses 手术费用hospital expenses 住院费用cafeteria plan 自选组合term life insurance 简单寿险limited payment life insurance 定期寿险endowment life insurance 增值寿险straight life insurance 完全寿险group life insurance 集团寿险key person insurance 关键人物险credit life insurance 信用寿险fidelity bond 忠实险surety bond 履行义务险unit 11common law 普通法，习惯法，判例法statutory law 制定法，成文法regulatory law 行政法规jurisdiction 管辖，权限lawful purpose 合法目的competency of parties 合同各方具备能力voluntary agreement 自愿缔约meeting of the minds 合意coercion 胁迫fraudulent manipulation 欺诈操纵consideration 对价proper form 有效形式breach of contract 违约enforceable 可实施的，可执行的tort law 侵权法negligence 疏忽surgical forceps 手术用镊子title to property 财产所有权trial 试用cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付现free on board 离岸价格unauthorized 未经授权的royalty 版税，专利使用费license 允许使用（专利）warranty 担保merchantability 可用性refund 退款negotiable instrument 票据certificate of deposit 存款单maker （本票，支票）出票人drawer （汇票）出票人endorsement 背书blank endorsement 普通背书restrictive endorsement （指定收票人的）特种背书qualified endorsement 限定性背书without recourse 不可追索agency law 代理法principal 委托人，授权人精品文档agent 代理人power of attorney 委任书，授权书equitable 公平的terms of reference 授权范围overbill 开出超过合理数额的账单bankruptcy law 破产法petition for bankruptcy 破产申请referee 调解人trustee 托管人proceeds 收益extension agreement 延展协议reorganization 重组unit 13planning 规划means and ends 手段和目的organizing 组织chain of command 指挥链，指令链leading 领导motivate 激励，激发autonomy 自主权rewards 回报，奖励controlling 调控deviation 偏离，背离corrective measure 矫正措施chief executive officer 首席执行官function/division manager 部门经理operating manager 操作层经理human skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概括技能technical skills 操作技能recruit 招聘，招募political tint 政治色彩bottom-line manager 一线经理，基层经理proven track record 被实践证明的业绩记录headhunter 猎头公司job specialization 工作专门化departmentalization 部门化unity of command 统一指挥line authority 直线职权staff authority 职能（部门的）职权line-and-staff organization 直线――职能混合型组织responsibility 责任delegation分权，授权span of management 管理跨度，管理幅度hierarchical levels 管理层次，组织结构层次functional organization 按功能划分部门的组织divisional organization 按事业部划分的组织division manager 部门经理，事业部经理generalist 经验全面的人才，通才matrix organization 矩阵型组织standing committee 常设委员会ad hoc committee 特别委员会grapevine 非正式沟通的途径。