解破学06myology1
肌肉 医学解剖整理.ppt
直
肌
3、降肋助呼气。
4、使脊柱前屈、侧屈与旋转。
（五）腰方肌
位于腹后壁脊柱两侧。
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第四节 上肢肌
一、肩带肌
三角肌diltoid： 位置：位于肩部，呈三角形。
作用：使上臂外展。前部肌束可 使上臂屈和旋内，后部肌 束可使上臂伸和旋外。
三角肌
二、臂肌
（一）前群
1、肱二头肌biceps brachii： 屈肘关节；当前臂处于 旋前位时，能使其旋后， 还能协助屈上臂。
前斜角肌
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二、背肌
（一） 斜方肌trapezius
斜方肌
位置：位于项部和背上部的浅层。
作用：使肩胛骨向脊柱靠拢；上部肌束可 上提肩胛骨；下部肌束使肩胛骨下 降。如果肩胛骨固定，一侧肌收缩 使颈向同侧屈、脸转向对侧，两侧 同时收缩可使头后仰。
（二）背阔肌latissimus dorsi
位置： 位于背的下半部及胸的 后外侧。
人体解剖学
Human Anatomy
肌肉
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肌学 Myology
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概述
一、肌的形态和结构
肌腹 肌腱
腱划
阔肌 腱膜
轮匝肌 二腹肌
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二、肌的起止、配布和作用 附着在固定骨上的为起点、也称定点；附着在移动骨上 的为止点、也称动点。 定点和动点是相对的。
肌的配布方式与关 节的运动轴有关。
肌收缩带动骨产生运动。
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第二节 头肌
额腹
一、面肌facial muscles （一）颅顶肌
帽状腱膜 枕额肌 额腹
枕腹 （二）眼轮匝肌
（三）口周围肌 口轮匝肌、颊肌
解剖学常用英语与拉丁语名词(修订本)
人体解剖学常用名词1.*human anatomy [ ♒✞❍☯⏹ ☯⏹✌♦☯❍♓] 人体解剖学2.*systematic anatomy [ ♦♓♦♦♓❍✌♦♓♍ ☯⏹✌♦☯❍♓]系统解剖学3.*topographic anatomy[♦☐☯♊♑❒✌♐♓ ☯⏹✌♦☯❍♓]4.*regional anatomy [❒♓♎✞☯⏹☯● ☯⏹✌♦☯❍♓] 局部解剖学5.applied anatomy [☯☐●♋♓♎ ☯⏹✌♦☯❍♓] 应用解剖学人体部分词汇6.caput[ ♏♓☐☯♦], *head [♒♏♎] 头7.#cranio- [ ❒♏♓⏹♓☯]，*cranium[ ❒♏♓⏹☯❍] 颅8.*face [♐♏♓♦] 面9.#nasus [⏹♏♓♦☯♦]，*nose [⏹☯◆♦] 鼻10.#os [ ♦]，*mouth [❍♋◆] 口11.#auris [ ris]，*ea r[i☯] 耳12.#oculus [ kjul☯s]，*eye [♋♓] 眼13.#cervix [ ♦☯♓♦]，#collum [ ●☯❍]，*neck [⏹♏]颈14.*trunk [♦❒✈☠] 躯干15.*chest [♦☞♏♦♦] 胸16.*abdomen [ ✌♌♎☯❍☯⏹] 腹17.#dorsum [ d ♦☯❍]，*back [♌✌] 背18.#lumbus [●✈❍♌☯♦]腰(部)19.#loin [●♓⏹] 腰20.#membrum [ ❍♏❍♌❒☯❍]，*limb [●♓❍] 肢一般方位词汇21.#vertical [ ☯♦♓☯●] 垂直22.#horizontal [♒❒♓⏹♦☯●] 水平23.#median [ ❍♓♎☯⏹] 正中24.#sagittal [ ♦✌♎✞♓♦●] 矢状25.#coronal [ ❒☯⏹●] 冠状26.#transverse [ tr✌nzv☯♦] 横27.dexter [♎♏♦♦☯]，#right [❒♋♓♦] 右28.sinister [ ♦♓⏹♓♦♦☯]，#left [●♏♐♦] 左29.#medial [ ❍♓♎☯●] 内侧30.#lateral [ ●✌♦☯❒☯●] 外侧31.intermediate [♓⏹♦☯❍♓♎☯♦] 中间32.collateral [ ●✌♦☯❒☯●] 侧的，副的33.#internal [♓⏹♦☯⏹●] 内34.#external [♓♦♦☯⏹●] 外35.#anterior [✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯] 前36.#posterior [☐♦♦♓☯❒♓☯] 后37.#ventral [ ♏⏹♦❒☯●] 腹侧38.#dorsal [ ♎♦☯●] 背侧39.#superior [ ♦◆☐♓☯❒♓☯] 上40.#inferior [♓⏹♐♓☯❒♓☯] 下41.#superficial [ ♦◆☐☯♐♓☞☯●] 浅42.profundus [♐❒☯♐✈⏹♎☯♦]，#deep [♎♓☐] 深43.#proximal [ ☐❒♦♓❍☯●] 近侧44.#distal [ ♎♓♦♦☯●] 远侧45.#central [ ♦♏⏹♦❒☯●] 中央，中心46.#peripheral [☐☯❒♓♐☯❒☯●] 周围47.#radial [ ❒♏♓♎☯●] 桡侧48.#ulnar [ ✈●⏹☯] 尺侧49.#tibial [ ♦♓♌♓☯●] 胫侧50.#fibular [ ♐♓♌◆●☯] 腓侧骨学51.osteologia [ ♦♦♓●☜♎✞♓☯]，osteology[ ♦♦♓●☜♎✞♓]骨学52.*os [ ♦]，bone [♌☯◆⏹] 骨53.diaphysis [♎♋✋✌♐✋♦♓♦]，shaft[☞♋♐♦]骨干54.medullary [❍♏♎✈●☯❒♓] 髓质的, 骨髓的, 脊髓的55.#epiphysial line [ ♏☐♓♐♓♓☯● ●♋♓⏹] 骺线56.osseous substance[ ♦♦♓☯♦ ♦✈♌♦♦☯⏹♦] 骨质pact bone [ ☯❍☐✌♦ ♌☯◆⏹] 骨密质58.spongy bone [ ♦☐✌⏹♎✞♓ ♌☯◆⏹] 骨松质59. #cartilage [ ♋♦♓●♓♎✞] 软骨60.#epiphysial cartilage[ ♏☐♓♐♓♓☯● ♋♦♓●♓♎✞] 骺软骨61.#diploe [ ♎♓☐●☯♓] 板障62.#periosteum [ ☐♏❒♓♦♦♓☯❍] 骨膜63.#bone marrow [ ♌☯◆⏹ ❍✌❒☯◆] 骨髓64.#process [ ☐❒♦♏♦] 突65.#spine [♦☐♋♓⏹] 棘66.#eminence [ ♏❍♓⏹☯⏹♦] 隆起67.#tuberosity [ ♦◆♌☯❒♦☯♦♓] 粗隆68.#tuber[ ♦◆♌☯]结节69.#crest[ ❒♏♦♦]嵴70.#fossa[ ♐♦☯]窝71.#fovea[ ♐☯◆♓☯]凹72.#foveolar[♐☯◆♓☯●☯] 小凹的,孔穴的73.#sulcus[ ♦✈●☯♦]沟74.#impression[♓❍☐❒♏☞☯☠]压迹75.#cavity[ ✌♓♦♓]腔76.#sinus[ ♦♋♓⏹☯♦]窦77.#antrum[ ✌⏹♦❒☯❍]房78.cellula[ ♦♏●◆●☯]小房79. #canal[ ☯⏹✌●]管80.#meatus [❍♓♏♓♦☯♦]道81.#aperture[ ✌☐☯♦◆☯]口82.#foramen[♐☯❒♏♓❍☜⏹]孔83.#hiatus[♒♋♓♏♓♦☯♦]裂孔84.#capitulum[ ☯☐♓♦◆●☯❍]小头85.#condyle[ ⏹♎♓●]髁86.#epicondyle[ ♏☐♓⏹♎♋♓●]上髁87.#surface[ ♦☯♐♓♦]面88.#border [ ♌♎☯]缘89.#notch [⏹♦☞]切迹90.*vertebra [ ☯♦♓♌❒☯]椎骨91.#vertebral body [ ☯♦♓♌❒☯● ♌♎♓]椎体92.#vertebral canal [ ☯♦♓♌❒☯● ☯⏹✌●]椎管93.#vertebral arch [ ☯♦♓♌❒☯● ♋♦☞]椎弓94.#intervertebralforamina[ ♓⏹♦☯☯♦♓♌❒☯● ♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹☯ ]椎间孔95.*cervical vertebrae[ ♦☯♓☯● ☯♦♓♌❒♓]颈椎96.#atlas[ ✌♦●☯♦]寰椎97.#axis [ ✌♦♓♦]枢椎98.#vertebra prominens[ ☯♦♓♌❒♓ ☐❒❍♓⏹☯⏹♦]隆椎99.*thoracic vertebrae [ ❒✌♦♓ ☯♦♓♌❒♓]胸椎100.*lumbar vertebrae [ ●✈❍♌☯ ☯♦♓♌❒♓]腰椎101.*sacrum [ ♦♏♓❒☯❍]骶骨102.sacral hiatus [ ♦♏♓❒☯● ♒♋♓♏♓♦☯♦]骶管裂孔103.sacral cornu [ ♦♏♓❒☯● ⏹◆]骶角104.*coccyx[ ♦♓♦]尾骨105.#vertebral column[ ☯♦♓♌❒☯● ●☯❍]脊柱106.*costa [ ♦♦☯],*rib [❒♓♌]肋107.#costal bone[ ♦♦☯● ♌☯◆⏹]肋骨108.costal cartilage[ ♦♦☯● ♋♦♓●♓♎✞]肋软骨109.*sternum[ ♦♦☯⏹☯❍]胸骨110.*frontal bone [ ♐❒✈⏹♦● ♌☯◆⏹]额骨111.*parietal bone [☐☯❒♋♓♓♦● ♌☯◆⏹]顶骨112.*occipital bone [ ♦♓☐♓♦● ♌☯◆⏹]枕骨113.foramen magnum[♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹ ❍✌♑⏹☯❍]枕骨大孔114.#external occipital protuberance[♓♦♦☯⏹● ♦♓☐♓♦● ☐❒☯♦◆♌☯❒☯⏹♦]枕外隆凸115.#temporal bone [ ♦♏❍☐☯❒☯● ♌☯◆⏹]颞骨116.internal acoustic pore[♓⏹♦☯⏹● ☯◆♦♦♓ ☐]内耳门117.styloid process[ ♦♦✌●♓♎ ☐❒♦♏♦]茎突118.mastoid process[ ❍✌♦♦♓♎ ☐❒♦♏♦]乳突119.stylomastoidforamen[ ♦♦♋♓●☯◆❍✌♦♦♓♎ ♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹]茎乳孔120.*sphenoid bone[ ♦♐♓⏹♓☯⏹ ♌☯◆⏹]蝶骨121.*ethmoid bone[ ♏❍♓♎ ♌☯◆⏹]筛骨122.nasal bone [ ⏹♏♓♦☯● ♌☯◆⏹]鼻骨crimal bone [ ●✌❒♓❍☯● ♌☯◆⏹]泪骨124.*maxilla [❍✌♦♦♓●☯ ]上颌骨125.#nasal concha [ ⏹♏♓♦☯● ☠☯]鼻甲126.palatine bone [ ☐✌●☯♦♋♓⏹ ♌☯◆⏹]腭骨127.#zygomatic bone [ ♋♓♑☯◆❍✌♦♓ ♌☯◆⏹]颧骨128.*mandible[ ❍✌⏹♎♓♌●]下颌骨129.mental foramen[ ❍♏⏹♦☯● ♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹]颏孔130.#hyoid bone [ ♒♋♓♓♎ ♌☯◆⏹]舌骨131.#cranial cavity [ ❒♏♓⏹☯● ✌♓♦♓]颅腔132.suture [ ♦◆♦☞☯]缝133.coronal suture [ ❒☯⏹● ♦◆♦☞☯]冠状缝134.sagittal suture [ ♦✌♎✞♓♦● ♦◆♦☞☯]矢状缝mbdoid suture [ ●✌❍♎♓♎ ♦◆♦☞☯]人字缝136.#anterior cranial fossa [Anti[❒♓☯ ❒♏♓⏹☯● ♐♦☯]颅前窝137.#middle cranial fossa[ midl ❒♏♓⏹☯● ♐♦☯]颅中窝138.#posterior cranial fossa [☐♦♦♓☯❒✋☯ ❒♏♓⏹☯● ♐♦☯]颅后窝139.#pterion [ ♦✋☯❒♓⏹] 翼点140.#temporal fossa [ ♦♏❍☐☯❒☯● ♐♦☯]颞窝141.#infratemporal fossa [ ♓⏹♐❒☯♦♏❍☐☯❒☯● ♐♦☯]颞下窝142.#pterygopalatine fossa [ ♦♏❒♓♑☯◆☐✌●☯♦♓⏹ ♐♦☯]翼腭窝143.#orbit [ ♌♓♦] 眶144.fontanel(le)[ ♐⏹♦☯⏹♏●]囟145.cranial fontanelle [ ❒♏♓⏹☯● ♐⏹♦☯⏹♏●]颅囟146.nasolacrimal canal [ ⏹♏♓☯◆●✌❒♓❍☯● ☯⏹✌●]鼻泪管147.#nasal cavity [ ⏹♏♓♦☯● ✌♓♦♓]鼻腔148.#paranasal sinus [ ☐✌❒☯⏹♏♓☯● ♦♋♓⏹☯♦]鼻旁窦149.#frontal sinus [ ♐❒✈⏹♦● ♦♋♓⏹☯♦]额窦150.#sphenoidal sinus[♦♐♓⏹♓♎● ♦♋♓⏹☯♦]蝶窦151.#maxillary sinus[❍✌♦♓●☯❒♓ ♦♋♓⏹☯♦]上颌窦152.#ethmoidal sinus[♏❍♓♎☯● ♦♋♓⏹☯♦]筛窦153.*scapula [ ♦✌☐◆●☯]肩胛骨154.acromion [☯❒☯◆❍♓☯⏹]肩峰155.glenoid cavity[ ♑●♓⏹♓♎ ✌♓♦♓]关节盂156.*clavicle [ ●✌♓●]锁骨157.*humerus [ ♒◆❍☯❒☯♦]肱骨158.sulcus for radial nerve [ ♦✈●☯♦ ♐ ❒♏♓♎☯● ⏹☯]桡神经沟teral epicondyle [ ●✌♦☯❒☯● ♏☐♓⏹♎♋♓●]外上髁160.medial epicondyle [ ❍♓♎☯● ♏☐♓⏹♎♋♓●]内上髁161.olecranon [☯◆●♏❒☯⏹⏹]鹰嘴162.coronoid process[ ❒☯⏹♓♎ ☐❒♦♏♦]冠突163.*radius [ ❒♏♓♎☯♦]桡骨164.*ulna [ ✈●⏹☯]尺骨165.#carpal bones [ ♋☐● ♌☯◆⏹♦]腕骨166.#metacarpal bones [ ❍♏♦☯♋☐● ♌☯◆⏹♦]掌骨167.#phalanges of fingers [♦✌●✌⏹♎✞♓ ☯ ♦☯◆♦]指骨168.*hip bone [♒♓☐ ♌☯◆⏹]髋骨169.*ilium [ ♓●♓☯❍]髂骨170.*ischium [ ♓♦♓☯❍]坐骨171.*pubis [pju:bis]耻骨172.iliac crest [ ♓●♓✌ ❒♏♦♦]髂嵴173.*anterior superior iliac spine[✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯ ♦◆☐♓☯❒♓☯ ♓●♓✌ ♦☐♋♓⏹] 髂前上棘174.posterior superior iliac spine [☐♦♦♓☯❒♓☯ ♦◆☐♓☯❒♓☯ ♓●♓✌ ♦☐♋♓⏹]髂后上棘175.tubercle of iliac crest[ ♦◆♌☯● ☯ ♓●♓✌ ♦☐♋♓⏹]髂结节176.greater sciatic notch [ ♑❒♏♓♦☯ ♦♋♓✌♦♓ ⏹♦☞]坐骨大切迹177.lesser sciatic notch [ ●♏♦☯ ♦♋♓✌♦♓ ⏹♦☞] 坐骨小切迹178.arcuate line [ ♋◆♓♦ ●♋♓⏹]弓状线179.#ischial tuberosity [ ♓☯● ♦◆♌☯ ❒♦♓♦♓]坐骨结节180.#pubic tubercle [ ☐◆♌♓ ♦◆♌☯●]耻骨结节181.#obturator foramen [ ♌♦◆☯❒♏♓♦☯ ♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹]闭孔182.#acetabulum [✌♦♓♦✌♌◆●☯❍]髋臼183.*femur [ ♐♓❍☯] 股骨184.medial condyle [ ❍♓♎☯● ⏹♎♓●]内侧髁teral condyle [ ●✌♦☯❒☯● ⏹♎♓●]外侧髁186.adductor tubercle[☯♎✈♦☯ ♦◆♌☯]●收肌结节187.*patella [☐☯♦♏●☯]髌骨188.*tibia [ ♦♓♌♓☯]胫骨189.*fibula [ ♐♓♌◆●☯]腓骨190.tarsal bones [ ♦♋♦☯● ♌☯◆⏹♦]跗骨191.talus [ ♦♏♓●☯♦]距骨192.calcaneus [ ✌●♏♓⏹♓☯♦]跟骨193.metatarsal bon e[ ❍♏♦☯♦♋♦☯● ♌☯◆⏹]跖骨194.#phalanges of toes [♐✌●✌⏹♎✞♓ ☯ ♦☯◆♦]趾骨ARTHROLOGIA,ARTHROLOGY 关节学195.*articulation [♋♦♓◆●♏♓☞☯⏹],joint [♎✞♓⏹♦]关节196.#synovial joint [♦♓⏹☯◆♓☯● ♎✞♓⏹♦]滑膜关节n 197.articular cartilage [♋♦♓◆●☯ ♋♦♓●♓♎✞]关节软骨198.#articular cavity [♋♦♓◆●☯ ✌♓♦♓]关节腔199.#articular capsule [♋♦♓◆●☯ ✌☐♦◆●]关节囊200.*ligament [ ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]韧带201.synovial membrane [♦♓⏹☯◆♓☯● ❍♏❍♌❒♏♓⏹]滑膜202.#articular disc [♋♦♓◆●☯ ♎♓♦]关节盘203.#meniscus [minisk☯♦]半月板204.articular labrum [♋♦♓◆●☯ ●♏♓♌❒☯❍]关节唇205.fibrous joint [ faibr☯s]纤维连结206.syndesmosis [ ♦♓⏹♎♏♦❍☯◆♦♓♦]韧带连结207.cartilaginous joint [ ♋♦♓●✌♎✞♓⏹☯♦ ♎✞♓⏹♦]软骨连结208.synchondrosis [ ♦♓☠☯⏹♎❒☯◆♦♓♦]透明软骨结合209.symphysis[ ♦♓❍♐♓♦♓♦]纤维软骨联合210.synostosis[ ♦♓⏹♦♦☯◆♦♓♦]骨性结合211.#translation[♦❒✌⏹♦●♏♓☞☯⏹]移动212.#flexion[ ♐●♏☞☯⏹]屈213.#extension[♓♦♦♏⏹☞☯⏹]伸214.#adduction[☯♎✈☞☯⏹]收215.#abduction [✌♌♎✈☞☯⏹]展216.#rotation [❒☯◆♦♏♓☞☯⏹]旋转217.#medial rotation [ ❍♓♎☯● ❒☯◆♦♏♓☞☯⏹]旋内218.#lateral rotation [ ●✌♦☯❒☯● ❒☯◆♦♏♓☞☯⏹]旋外219.#pronation [☐❒☯✞⏹♏♓☞☯⏹]旋前220.#supination [ ♦◆☐♓⏹♏♓☞☯⏹]旋后221.circumduction [ ♦☯☯❍♎✈☞☯⏹]环转222.*vertebral column [ ☯♦♓♌❒☯● ●☯❍]脊柱223.*intervertebral disc [ ♓⏹♦☯☯♦♓♌❒☯● ♎♓♦]椎间盘224.anterior longitudinal ligament [✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯ ●⏹♎✞♓♦◆♎♓⏹● ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]前纵韧带225.posterior longitudinal ligament [☐♦♦♓☯❒♓☯ ●⏹♎✞♓♦◆♎♓⏹● ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]后纵韧带226.ligmneta flava [ ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦ ♐●♏♓☯]黄韧带227.interspinal ligament [ int☯sp♋in☯l ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]棘间韧带228.supraspinal ligament [ ♦◆☐❒☯♦☐♋♓⏹☯● ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]棘上韧带229.ligamentum nuchae [ ●♓♑☯❍♏⏹♦☯❍]项韧带230.zygapophyseal joint [ ♓♑☯☐♐♓♦♓● ♎✞♓⏹♦]关节突关节231.thorax[ ❒✌♦]，thoracic cage [ ❒✌♦♓ ♏♓♎✞]胸廓232.sternocostal joint [ ♦♦☯⏹☯◆♦♦☯● ♎✞♓⏹♦ ]胸肋关节233.#sternoclavicularjoint[ ♦♦☯⏹☯◆●☯♓◆●☯ ♎✞♓⏹♦ ]胸锁关节234.*sternal angle [ ♦♦☯⏹● ✌☠♑●]胸骨角235.*costal arch [ ♦♦● ♋♦☞]肋弓236.*temporomandibular joint [ ♦♏❍☐☯❒☯◆❍✌⏹♎♓♌◆●☯ ♎✞♓⏹♦ ]颞下颌关节237.*shoulder joint [ ☞☯◆●♎☯ ♎✞♓⏹♦]肩关节238.*elbow joint [ ♏●♌☯◆ ♎✞♓⏹♦]肘关节239.#radiocarpal joint[ reidi☯u ka:pl ♎✞♓⏹♦]，wrist joint[❒♓♦♦ ♎✞♓⏹♦]桡腕关节,腕关节240.*pelvis[ ☐♏●♓♦]骨盆241.greater pelvis[ ♑❒♏♓♦☯ ☐♏●♓♦]大骨盆242.lesser pelvis[ ●♏♦☯ ☐♏●♓♓♦]小骨盆243.sacrotuberous ligament [ ♦♏♓❒☯◆♦◆♌☯❒☯♦ ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]骶结节韧带244.sacrospinous ligment [ ♦♏♓❒☯◆♦☐♋♓⏹☯♦ ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]骶棘韧带245.#pubic symphysis [ ☐◆♌♓ ♦♓❍♐♓♦♓♦]耻骨联合246.*hip joint [♒♓☐ ♎✞♓⏹♦]髋关节247.knee joint [⏹♓ ♎✞♓⏹♦]膝关节248.#anterior cruciate ligament [✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯ ❒◆☞♓♓♦ ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]前交叉韧带249.#posterior cruciate ligament [☐♦♦♓☯❒♓☯ ❒◆☞♓♓♦ ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦]后交叉韧带250.#ankle joint [ ✌☠● ♎✞♓⏹♦]踝关节251.talocalcaneal joint[ ♦♏♓●☯◆✌●♏♓⏹♓☯● 距跟关节MYCOLOGY,MYOLOGY肌学252.*muscle[ ❍✈♦●] 肌253.*tendon [ ♦♏⏹♎☯⏹] 腱254.aponeurosis [ ✌☐☯◆⏹◆☯❒☯◆♦♓♦]腱膜255.#fascia [ ♐✌☞♓☯]筋膜256.#tendinous sheath [ ♦♏⏹♎♓⏹☯♦ ☞♓]腱鞘257.mesotendon [ ⏹♏♦☯◆♦♏⏹♎☯⏹] 腱系膜258.#facial muscles [ ♐♏♓☞☯● ❍✈♦●♦]，muscles of expression [ ❍✈♦●♦ ☯ ♓♦☐❒♏☞☯⏹]面肌,表情肌259.galea aponeurotica [ ♑♏♓●♓☯ ✌☐☯⏹◆☯❒♦♓☯] 帽状腱膜260.orbicularis oculi [ ♌♓◆●☪☯❒♓♦ ◆●♋♓] 眼轮匝肌261.orbicularis oris [ ♌♓◆●☪☯❒♓♦ ❒♓] 口轮匝肌262.#masticatory muscles [ ❍✌♦♦♓♏♓♦☯❒♓ ❍✈♦●♦] 咀嚼肌263.#masseter [❍✌♦♓♦☯] 咬肌264.#temporalis [ ♦♏❍☐☯❒✌●♓♦] 颞肌265.medial pterygoid [ ❍♓♎☯● ♦♏❒♓♑♓♎] 翼内肌teral pterygoid [ ●✌♦☯❒☯● ♦♏❒♓♑♓♎] 翼外肌267.*sternocleidomastoid[ ♦♦☯⏹☯◆●♋♓♎☯❍✌♦♦♓♎ ] 胸锁乳突肌268.#scalenus [♦♏♓●♓⏹☯♦] 斜角肌269.#trapezius [♦❒☯☐♓♓☯♦] 斜方肌270.#latissimus dorsi [●☯♦♓♦♓❍☯♦ ♎♦♓] 背阔肌271.levator scapulae [●♓♏♓♦☯] 肩胛提肌272.rhomboideus [❒❍♌♓♎♓☯♦] 菱形肌273.#erector spinae [♓❒♏♦☯ ♦☐✌⏹♓] 竖脊肌274.splenius [ ♦☐●♓⏹♓☯♦] 夹肌275.#pectoralis major [ ☐♏♦☯❒♏♓●♓♦ ❍♏♓♎✞☯] 胸大肌276.pectoralis minor [ ☐♏♦☯❒♏♓●♓♦ ❍♋♓⏹☯] 胸小肌277.serratus anterior [♦♏❒♏♓♦☯♦ ✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯] 前锯肌278.intercostales externi [ ♓⏹♦☯♦♦☯●☯♦ ♓♦♦☯⏹♓] 肋间外肌279.intercostales interni [ ♓⏹♦☯♦♦●♦ ♓⏹♦☯⏹♓] 肋间内肌280.*diaphragm [ ♎♋♓☯♐❒✌❍] 膈281.#obliquus externus abdominis [☯♌●♋♓♦☯♦ ♏♦♦☯⏹☯♦ ✌♌♎❍♓⏹♓♦] 腹外斜肌282.#obliquus internus abdominis [☯♌●♋♓♦☯♦ ♓⏹♦☯⏹☯♦ ✌♌♎❍♓⏹♓♦] 腹内斜肌283.#transversus abdominis [♦❒✌⏹♦☯♦☯♦ ✌♌♎❍♓⏹♓♦] 腹横肌284.#conjoint tendon [ ⏹♎✞♓⏹♦ ♦♏⏹♎☯⏹] 联合键285.#inguinal ligament [ ♓☠♑♦♓⏹● ●♓♑☯❍☯⏹♦] 腹股沟韧带286.#inguinal cana l[ ♓☠♑♦♓⏹● ☯⏹✌●] 腹股沟管287.#rectus abdominis [ ❒♏♦☯♦ ✌♌♎❍♓⏹♓♦] 腹直肌288.#sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘289.#arcuate line [ ♋◆♓♦ ●♋♓⏹] 弓状线（腹直肌鞘）290.li n ea alba [ ●♓⏹♓☯ ✌●♌☯] 白线291.#thoracolumbar fascia [ ❒☯☯◆●✈❍♌☯ ♐✌☞♓☯] 胸腰筋膜292.*deltoid [ ♎♏●♦♓♎] 三角肌293.teres [ ♦♓♏❒♓] 圆肌294.subscapularis [♦✈♌♦✌☐◆●☪☯❒♓♦] 肩胛下肌295.#biceps brachii [ ♌♋♓♦☯☐♦ ♌❒♏♓♓] 肱二头肌296.coracobrachialis [ ❒☯☯◆♌❒♏♓☯●♓♦]喙肱肌297.#brachialis [ ♌❒♏♓☯●♓♦] 肱肌298.#triceps brachii [ ♦❒♋♓♦☐♦ ♌❒♏♓♓ ] 肱三头肌299.#brachioradialis [ ♌❒✌♓☯◆❒♏♓♎♓♏♓●♓♦] 肱桡肌300.palmaris longus [☐✌●❍♏♓❒♓♦ ●☠♑☯♦] 掌长肌301.flexor carpi ulnaris [ ♐●♏♦☯ ♋☐♋♓ ✈●⏹☪☯❒♓♦] 尺侧腕屈肌302.flexor pollicis longus [ ♐●♏♦☯ ☐●♓♦♋♓♦ ●☠♑☯♦] 拇长屈肌303.#pronator teres [☐❒☯◆⏹♏♓♦☯ ♦♓☯❒♓] 旋前圆肌304.flexor digitorum superificialis[ ♐●♏♦☯ ♎✋♎✞✋♊♦❒☜❍ ♦◆☐☯♐♓☞☯●♓♦] 指浅屈肌305.flexor digitorum superificialis profundus[ ♐●♏♦☯ ♎✋♎✞✋♊♦❒☜❍ ♦◆☐☯♐♓☞☯●♓♦ ♐❒☯♐✈⏹♎☯♦] 指深屈肌306.extensor carpi radialis longus [♓♦♦♏⏹♦☯ ♋☐♋♓ ❒♏♓♎♓♏♓●♓♦ ●☠♑☯♦] 桡侧腕长伸肌307.extensor carpi radialis brevis [♓♦♦♏⏹♦☯ ♋☐♋♓ ❒♏♓♎♓♏♓●♓♦ ♌❒♏✋♦] 桡侧腕短伸肌308.estensor digitorum [♓♦♦♏⏹♦☯ ♎✋♎✞✋♊♦❒☜❍ ] 指伸肌309.extensor pollicis longus [♓♦♦♏⏹♦☯ ☐●♓♦♋♓♦ ●☠♑☯♦ ]拇长伸肌310.extensor pollicis brevis [♓♦♦♏⏹♦☯ ☐●♓♦♋♓♦ ♌❒♏✋♦ ] 拇短伸肌311.thenar [ ♓⏹♋] 鱼际312.opponens pollocis [☯☐☯◆⏹♏⏹ ☐●♓♦♋♓♦] 拇对掌肌313.lumbricales [ ●✈❍♌❒♓☯●♓♦] 蚓状肌314.supinator [ ♦◆☐♓⏹♏♓♦☯] 旋后肌315.abductor pollicis longus [✌b d✈kt☯ ☐●♓♦♋♓♦ ●☠♑☯♦]拇长展肌316.abductor pollicis brevis [✌b d✈kt☯ ☐●♓♦♋♓♦ ♌❒♏✋♦ ]拇短展肌317.*cubital fossa [ ◆♌♓♦● ♒♋♓♏♓♦☜♦] 肘窝318.#carpal canal [ ♋☐● ☯⏹✌●] 腕管319.axillary fossa [✌♦♓●☯❒♓ ♐♦☯] 腋窝320.deltopectoral groove [ ♎♏●♦☜◆☐♏♦☯❒☯●] 三角胸肌间沟321.#trilateral foramen [♦❒♋♓●✌♦☯❒☯● ♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹] 三边孔322.#quadrilateral foramen [ ♦♎❒♓●✌♦☯❒☯● ♐☯❒♏♓❍☯⏹] 四边孔323.#gluteus [♑●◆♦♓☯♦] 臀肌324.piriformis [ ☐♓❒☯♐❍♓♦] 梨状肌325.iliopsoas [ ♓●♓☯◆♦☯◆☯♦] 髂腰肌326.psoas [ ☐♦☯◆☯♦] 腰大肌327.#quadriceps femoris [ w ♎❒♓♦♏☐♦ ♐♏❍☯❒♓♦] 股四头肌328.sartorius [♦♋♦❒♓☯♦] 缝匠肌329.gracilis [ ♑❒✌♦♓●♓♦] 股薄肌330.adductor longus [☯♎✈♦☯ ●☠♑☯♦ ] 长收肌331.adductor brevis [☯♎✈♦☯ ♌❒♏✋♦] 短收肌332.adductor magnus [☯♎✈♦☯ ❍✌♑⏹☯♦] 大收肌333.#biceps femoris [ ♌♋♓♦♏☐♦ ♐♏❍☯❒♓♦] 股二头肌334.#semitendinosus [ ♦♏❍♓♦♏⏹♎♓⏹☯♦☯♦] 半腱肌335.#semimenbranosus [ ♦♏❍♓❍♏❍♌❒☯⏹☯♦☯♦] 半膜肌336.tibialis anterior [ ♦♓♌♓☯●♓♦ ✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯] 胫骨前肌337.extensor hallucis longus [♓♦♦♏⏹♦☯ ♊♒✌●☜♦ ●☠♑☯♦] 拇长伸肌338.peroneus longus [☐☯❒☯◆⏹♓☯♦●☠♑☯♦] 腓骨长肌339.peroneus brevis [☐☯❒☯◆⏹♓☯♦●☠♑☯♦ ♌❒♏✋♦ ] 腓骨短肌340.#tibialis posterior [ ♦♓♌♓☯●♓♦ ☐♦♦♓☯❒♓☯] 胫骨后肌341.#triceps surae [♦❒♋♓♍♏☐♦ ♦◆☯❒♓] 小腿三头肌342.#gastrocnemius [ ♑✌♦♦❒⏹♓❍♓☯♦] 腓肠肌343.#soleus [ ♦☯◆●♓☯♦] 比目鱼肌344.#tendo calcaneus [ ♦♏⏹♎☯◆ ✌●♏♓⏹♓☯♦] 跟腱345.#femoral triangle [ fem☯❒☯● ♦❒♋♓✌☠♑●] 股三角346.#adductor canal [☯♎✈●☯ ☯⏹✌●] 收肌管347.#popliteal fossa [☐☐●♓♦♓☯● ♐♦☯] 腘窝内脏学348.#splanchnology [♦☐●✌☠⏹●☯♎✞♓]内脏学349.#viscera [ ♓♦☯❒☯] 内脏（单viscus [ ♓♦☜♦]）350.anterior median line [✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯ ❍♓♎☯⏹ ●♋♓⏹]前正中线351.sternal line [ ♦♦☜⏹● ●♋♓⏹] 胸骨线352.#midclavicular line [❍♓♎ ●☯♓◆●☯ ●♋♓⏹] 锁骨中线353.parasternal line [ ☐✌❒☯♦♦☜⏹● ●♋♓⏹] 胸骨旁线354.anterior axillary line [✌⏹♦♓☯❒♓☯ ✌♦♓●☜❒♓ ●♋♓⏹] 腋前线355.posterior axillary line [☐♦♦♓☜❒♓☜ ✌♦♓●☜❒♓ ●♋♓⏹ ] 腋后线356.#midaxillary line [❍♓♎✌♦♓●☜❒♓ ●♋♓⏹] 腋中线357.#scapular line [ ♦✌☐◆●☜ ●♋♓⏹] 肩胛线358.posterior median line [☐♦♦♓☜❒♓☜ ❍♓♎☯⏹ ●♋♓⏹] 后正中线消化系统359.*digestive system [♎♓♎✞♏♦♦♓ ♦♓♦♦☜❍], alimentary system [ ✌●♓❍♏⏹♦☜❒♓ ✌☐☜❒♏♓♦☜♦]消化系统360.alimentary canal [ ✌●♓❍♏⏹♦☜❒♓ ☜⏹✌●] 消化管361.alimentary gland [ ✌●♓❍♏⏹♦☜❒♓ ♈●✌⏹♎] 消化腺362.*oral cavity [ ❒☜● ✌♓♦♓] 口腔363.oral lip [ ❒☜● ●♓☐] 口唇364.nasolabial sulcus [ ⏹♏♓☯◆●♏♓♌♓☯● ♦✈●☜♦] 鼻唇沟365.#cheek [♦☞♓] 颊366.papilla of parotid duct [☐☜☐♓●☜ ☜ ☐☜❒♦♓♎ ♎✈♦] 腮腺管乳头367.#palate [ ☐✌●♓♦] 腭368.hard palate [♒♎ ☐✌●♓♦] 硬腭369.soft palate [♦♐♦ ☐✌●♓♦] 软腭370.velum palatinum [ ♓●☜❍ ☐✌●☜♦♓⏹◆❍] 腭帆371.#uvula [ ◆◆●☜] 腭垂372.palatoglossal arch [ ☐✌●☜♦☯◆♑●☯◆♦☜● ♦☞] 腭舌弓373.palatopharyngeal arch [ ☐✌●☜♦☯◆♐☜❒♓⏹♎✞♓☜● ♦☞] 腭咽弓374.#isthmus of fauces [ ♓♦❍☜♦ ☜ ♐♦♓] 咽峡375.*tooth [♦◆]，dens [♎♏⏹]，dent [♎♏⏹♦] 牙376.#deciduous teeth [♎♓♦♓♎✞◆☜♦ ♦♓] 乳牙377.#permanent teeth [ ☐☜❍☜⏹☜⏹♦ ♦♓] 恒牙378.wisdom tooth [ ♦♓♎☜❍ ♦◆] 迟牙，智牙379.incisors [♓⏹♦♋♓☜] 切牙380.canine teeth [ ♏♓⏹♋♓⏹ ♦♓] 尖牙381.molars [ ❍☜◆●☜z] 磨牙382.premolars [ ☐❒♓❍☜◆●☜z] 前磨牙383.crown of tooth [ ❒♋◆⏹ ☜ ♦◆] 牙冠384.root of tooth [❒◆♦ ☜ ♦◆] 牙根385.neck of tooth [⏹♏ ☜ ♦◆] 牙颈386.dentine [ ♎♏⏹♦♓⏹] 牙质387.enamel [♓⏹✌❍☜●] 釉质388.cement [♦♓❍♏⏹♦] 牙骨质389.dental pulp [ ♎♏⏹♦● ☐✈●☐] 牙髄390.*tongue [♦✈☠]，lingua [ ●♓☠♈♦☜] 舌391.body of tongue [ ♌♎♓ ☜ ♦✈☠] 舌体392.root of tongue [❒◆♦ ☜ ♦✈☠] 舌根393.apex of tongue [ ♏♓☐♏♦ ☜ ♦✈☠] 舌尖394.terminal sulcus [ ♦☜❍♓⏹● ♦✈●☜♦] 界沟395.#filiform papillae [ ♐♓●♓♐ ❍ ☐☜☐♓●♓] 丝状乳头396.#fungiform papillae [ ♐✈⏹♎✞♓♐❍ ☐☜☐♓●♓] 菌状乳头397.#foliate papillae [ ♐☜◆●♓♏♓♦ ☐☜☐♓●♓] 叶状乳头398.#vallate papillae [ ✌●♏♓♦ ☐☜☐♓●♓] 轮廓乳头399.*tonsil [ ♦⏹♦♓●] 扁桃体400.lingual tonsil [ ●♓☠♈♦☜● ♦⏹♦♓●] 舌扁桃体401.frenulum of tongue [ ♐❒♏⏹◆●☜❍ ☜ ♦✈☠] 舌系带402.sublingual caruncle [♦✈♌●♓☠♈♦☜● ✌❒☜☠●] 舌下阜403.sublingual fold [♦✈♌●♓☠♈♦☜● ♐☜◆●♎] 舌下襞404.#genioglossus [♎✞♓⏹♓☯♑●☜◆♦☯♦] 颏舌肌405.#salivary gland [ ♦✌●♓☜❒♓ ♈●✌⏹♎] 唾液腺406.#parotid gland [☐☜❒♦♓♎ ♈●✌⏹♎] 腮腺407.parotid duct [☐☜❒♦♓♎ ♎✈♦] 腮腺管408.#submandibular gland [ ♦✈♌❍✌⏹♎✋♌◆●☜☎❒✆ ♈●✌⏹♎] 下颌下腺409.#sublingual gland [♦✈♌●♓☠♈♦☜● ♈●✌⏹♎] 舌下腺410.*pharynx [ ♐✌❒♓☠♦] 咽411.#nasopharynx [ ⏹♏♓☜◆♐✌❒♓☠♦] 鼻咽412.auditory tube [ ♎♓♦☜❒♓ ♦◆♌] 咽鼓管413.pharyngeal opening of auditory tube [ ♐✌❒✋⏹♎✞♓☜● ☜◆☐⏹♓☠ ☜ ♎♓♦☜❒♓ ♦◆♌]咽鼓管咽口414.tubal torus [ ♦◆♌● ♦❒☜♦] 咽鼓管圆枕415.pharyngeal recess [ ♐✌❒✋⏹♎✞♓☜● ❒♏♍♏♦♦] 咽隐窝416.#oropharynx [ ☜◆❒☜♐✌❒♓☠♦] 口咽417.epiglottic vallecula [ ♏☐♓♈●♦♓ ☜●♏◆●☜] 会厌谷418.palatine tonsil [ ☐✌●☜♦♋♓⏹ ♦⏹♦♓●] 腭扁桃体419.#laryngopharynx [●☜❒✋☠♈☜◆♐✌❒✋☠♦] 喉咽420.#piriform recess [ ☐♓❒☜♐❍ ❒♏♍♏♦♦] 梨状隐窝421.*esophagus [♓☎✆♦♐☜♈☜♦] 食管422.*stomach [ ♦♦✈❍☜]，gaster [ ♦♦✈❍☜]，ventriculus [ ♏⏹♦❒♓◆●☯♦] 胃423.#cardia [ ♎♓☜] 贲门424.#pylorus [☐♋♓●❒☜♦] 幽门425.pyloric canal [☐♋✋●❒✋ ☜⏹✌●] 幽门管426.pyloric antrum [☐♋✋●❒✋ ✌⏹♦❒☜❍] 幽门窦427.pyloric valve [☐♋✋●❒✋ ✌●] 幽门瓣428.pyloric sphincter [☐♋✋●❒✋ ♦♐♓☠♦☜] 幽门括约肌429.#bowel [ ♌♋◆☜●]，intestine [♓⏹♦♏♦♦♓⏹] 肠430.#small intestine [♦❍● ♓⏹♦♏♦♦♓⏹] 小肠431.*duodenum [ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹☜❍] 十二指肠432.superior duodenal flexure [♦◆☐♓☜❒♓☜ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹● ♐●♏☞☜] 十二指肠上曲433.duodenal bulb [ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹● ♌✈●♌] 十二指肠球434.inferior duodenal flexure [♓⏹♐♓☜❒♓☜ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹● ♐●♏☞☜] 十二指肠下曲435.longitudinal fold of duodenum [●⏹♎✞♓♦◆♎♓⏹● ♐☜◆●♎ ☜ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹☜❍]十二指肠纵襞436.#major duodenal papilla [ ❍♏♓♎✞☜ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹● ☐☜☐♓●☜] 十二指肠大乳头437.#duodenojejunal flexure [ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹☜♎✞♓♎✞◆⏹☯● ♐●♏☞☜] 十二指肠空肠曲438.#suspensory ligament of duodenum [♦☜♦☐♏⏹♦☜❒♓ ●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹☜❍] 十二指肠悬韧带439.*jejunum [♎✞♓♎✞◆⏹☜❍] 空肠440.*ileum [ ♓●♓☜❍] 回肠441.#large intestine [●♎✞♓⏹♦♏♦♦♓⏹] 大肠442.colic bands [ ●♓ ♌✌⏹♎] 结肠带443.haustra of colon [ ♒♦♦❒☜● ☜ ☜◆●☜◆⏹] 结肠袋444.epiploicae appendices [ ♏☐♓☐●♦♓☜♦♓● ☯♊☐♏⏹♎♓♦♓]肠脂垂445.#caecum [♊♦♓❍] 盲肠446.ileocecal orifice [ ♓●♓☜◆♦♓☜● ❒♓♐♓♦] 回盲口447.ileocecal valve [ ♓●♓☜◆♦♓☜● ✌●] 回盲瓣448.*vermiform appendix [ ☜❍♓♐❍ ☜☐♏⏹♎♓♦]，appendix [☜☐♏⏹♎♓♦] 阑尾449.*colon [ ☜◆●☜◆⏹] 结肠450.#ascending colon [☜♦♏⏹♎♓☠ ☜◆●☜◆⏹] 升结肠451.#transverse colon [ ♦❒✌⏹☜♦ ☜◆●☜◆⏹] 横结肠452.#descending colon [♎♓♦♏⏹♎♓☠ ☜◆●☜◆⏹] 降结肠453.#sigmoid colon [ ♦♓♈❍♓♎ ☜◆●☜◆⏹] 乙状结肠454.*rectum [ ❒♏♦☜❍] 直肠455.sacral flexure of rectum [ ♦♏♓❒☜● ♐●♏☞☜ ☜ ❒♏♦☜❍] 直肠骶曲456.perineal flexure of rectum [ ☐♏❒♓⏹♓☯● ♐●♏☞☜ ☜ ❒♏♦☜❍] 直肠会阴曲457.ampulla of rectum [✌❍☐◆●☜ ☜ ❒♏♦☜❍] 直肠壶腹458.#anal canal [ ♏♓⏹☜● ☜⏹✌●] 肛管459.anal column [ ♏♓⏹☜● ●☜❍] 肛柱460.anal valve [ ♏♓⏹☜● ♋●♏] 肛瓣461.anal sinus [ ♏♓⏹☜● ♦♋♓⏹☜♦] 肛窦462.#dentate line [ ♎♏⏹♦♏♓♦ ●♋♓⏹] 齿状线463.#anus [ ♏♓⏹☜♦] 肛门464.*liver [ ●♓☜] 肝465.#porta hepatis [ ☐♦☜ ♒♓☐✌♦♓♦] 肝门466.fissure for teres hepatis [ ♐♓☞☜ ♐ ♦♏❒♓ ♒♓☐✌♦♓♦] 肝圆韧带裂467.fissure for ligamentum venosum [ ♐♓☞☜ ♐ ●♓♈☜❍♏⏹♦☜❍ ♓⏹☜♦☜❍] 静脉韧带裂468.fossa for gallbladder [ ♐♦☜ ♐ ♈●♌●✌♎☜] 胆囊窝469.sulcus for vena cava [ ♦✈●☜♦ ♐ ♓⏹☜ ✌☜]腔静脉沟470.*gallbladder [ ♈●♌●✌♎☜] 胆囊471.fundus of gallbladder [ ♐✈⏹♎☜♦ ☜ ♈●♌●✌♎☜] 胆囊底472.body of gallbladder [♌♎♓ ☜ ♈●♌●✌♎☜] 胆囊体473.neck of gallbladder [⏹♏☜ ♈●♌●✌♎☜] 胆囊颈474.cystic duct [ ♦♓♦♦♓ ♎✈♦] 胆囊管mon hepatic duct [ ❍☜⏹ ♒♓☐✌♦♓ ♎✈♦] 肝总管476.#common bile duct [ ❍☜⏹ ♌♋♓● ♎✈♦] 胆总管477.hepatopancreatic ampulla [ ♒♏☐☜♦☜◆☐✌☠❒♓♦♓ ✌❍☐◆●☜]肝胰壶腹478.*pancreas [ ☐✌⏹❒♓☜♦] 胰呼吸系统479.*respiratory system[❒♓♦☐♋♓☜❒☜♦☜❒♓ ♦✋♦♦☜❍]，呼吸系统480.nasal septum [ ⏹♏♓☜● ♦♏☐♦☜❍] 鼻中隔481.#nasal cavity [ ⏹♏♓☜● ✌♓♦♓] 鼻腔482.nostril [ ⏹♦♦❒♓●] 鼻孔483.choanae [ ☜◆☜⏹♓] 鼻后孔484.#sphenoethmoidal recess [ ♦♐♏⏹♓☜❍♓♎☜● ❒♓♦♏♦] 蝶筛隐窝485.*larynx [ ●✌❒♓☠♦] 喉486.#thyroid cartilage [ ♋♓❒♓♎ ♦♓●♓♎✞] 甲状软骨ryngeal prominence [ ●✌❒♓⏹♎✞♓☎✆☜● ☐❒❍✋⏹☜⏹♦] 喉结488.#cricoid cartilage [ ❒♋♓♓♎ ♦♓●♓♎✞] 环状软骨489.#epiglottic cartilage [ ♏☐♓♈●♦♓ ♦♓●♓♎✞] 会厌软骨490.#arytenoid cartilage [ ✌❒♓♦♓⏹♓♎ ♦♓●♓♎✞] 杓状软骨491.cricothyroid joint [ ❒♋✋☜♋✋❒✋♎ ♎✞♓⏹♦] 环甲关节492.cricoarytenoid joint [ ❒♋✋☜❒♓♦♓⏹♓♎ ♎✞♓⏹♦] 环杓关节493.quadrangular membrane [ ♦♎❒✌♈◆●☜☎❒✆ ❍♏❍♌❒♏♓⏹] 方形膜494.conus elasticus [ ⏹☜♦ ♓●✌♦♦♓☯♦] 弹性圆锥495.#glottis [ ♈●♦♓♦] 声门496.#fissure of glottis [ ♐♓☞☜ ☜ ♈●♦♓♦] 声门裂497.#vocal fold [ ☜◆● ♐☜◆●♎] 声襞498.#vocal cord [ ☜◆● ♎] 声带499.cricothyroid muscle [ ❒♋✋☜♋✋❒✋♎ ❍✈♦●] 环甲肌500.aditus laryngis [ ✌♎♓♦☜♦ ●☜❒♓⏹♎✞♓♦] 喉口ryngeal vestibule [ ●✌❒♓⏹♎✞♓☎✆☜● ♏♦♦♓♌◆●] 喉前庭502.intermedial cavity of larynx [ ♓⏹♦☜❍♓♎♓☜● ✌♓♦♓ ☜●✌❒♓☠♦] 喉中间腔503.ventricle of larynx [ ♏⏹♦❒♓● ☜ ●✌❒♓☠♦] 喉室504.infraglottic cavity [ ♓⏹♐❒☯♈●♦♓ ✌♓♦♓] 声门下腔505.carina of trachea [ ☜❒♋♓⏹☜ ☜ ♦❒☜♓☜] 气管隆嵴506.*bronchi [ ♌❒☠♓] 支气管507.*lung [●✈☠]，pulmo [ ☐✈●❍☜◆] 肺508.#hilum of lung [ ♒♋♓●☜❍ ☜ ●✈☠] 肺门509.#root of lung [❒◆♦ ☜ ●✈☠]，radix of lung [ ❒♏♓♎♓♦ ☜ ●✈☠] 肺根510.*pleura [ ☐●◆☜❒☜] 胸膜511.#parietal pleura [☐☜❒♋♓☜♦☜● ☐●◆☜❒☜] 壁胸膜512.#visceral pleura [ ♓♦☜❒☜● ☐●◆☜❒☜] 脏胸膜513.#pleural cavity [ ☐●◆☜❒☜● ✌♓♦♓] 胸膜腔514.#pleural recess [ ☐●◆☜❒☜● ❒♓♦♏♦] 胸膜隐窝515.#costodiaphragmatic recess [ ♦♦☜◆♎♋✋☜♐❒✌♈♊❍✌♦✋ ❒♓♦♏♦]肋膈隐窝516.#mediastinum [ ❍♓♎♓✌♦♦♋♓⏹☜❍] 纵隔泌尿系统517.*urinary system [ ◆☜❒♓⏹☜❒♓ ♦✋♦♦☜❍] 泌尿系统518.*kidney [ ♓♎⏹♓]，ren（拉）肾519.renal cortex [ ❒♓⏹● ♦♏♦] 肾皮质520.renal pelvis [ ❒♓⏹● ☐♏●♓♦] 肾盂521.renal sinus [ ❒♓⏹● ♦♋♓⏹☜♦] 肾窦522.renal pyramids [ ❒♓⏹● ☐♓❒☜❍♓♎] 肾锥体523.renal papillae [ ❒♓⏹● ☐☯☐♓●♓] 肾乳头524.renal hilum [ ❒♓⏹● ♒♋♓●☜❍] 肾门525.major renal calices [ ❍♏♓♎✞☜ ❒♓⏹● ✌●✋♦♓] 肾大盏526.minor renal calices [ ❍♋♓⏹☜ ❒♓⏹● ✌●✋♦♓] 肾小盏527.fibrous capsule [ ♐♋♓♌❒☜♦ ✌☐♦◆●] 纤维囊528.fatty renal capsule [ ♐✌♦♓ ❒♓⏹● ✌☐♦◆●] 脂肪囊529.renal fascia [ ❒♓⏹● ♐✌☞♓☜] 肾筋膜530.renal region [ ❒♓⏹● ❒♓♎✞☜⏹] 肾区531.*ureter [ ◆☜❒♓♦☜] 输尿管532.*urinary bladder [ ◆☜❒♓⏹☜❒♓ ♌●✌♎☜] 膀胱533.#trigone of bladder [ ♦❒♋♓♈☜◆⏹ ☜ ♌●✌♎☜] 膀胱三角534.detrusor of bladder [♎♓♦❒◆♦☜ ☜ ♌●✌♎☜] 膀胱逼尿肌535.interureteric fold [ ♓⏹♦☯❒◆☜❒♓♦♓❒♓ ♐☜◆●♎]，536.interureteric ridge [ ♓⏹♦☯❒◆☜❒♓♦♓❒♓ ❒♓♎✞] 输尿管间襞537.vesical uvula [ ♏♦♓☜● ◆◆●☜] 膀胱垂538.ureteric orifice [ ◆☜❒☯♦♓❒♓ ❒♓♐♓♦] 输尿管口539.internal urethral orifice [♓⏹♦☜⏹● ◆☜❒♓❒☯● ❒♓♐♓♦] 尿道内口540.*urethra [ ◆☜❒♓❒☜] 尿道541.#pelvic cavity [ ☐♏●♓ ✌♓♦♓] 盆腔生殖系统542.*genital system [ ♎✞♏⏹♓♦● ♦♓♦♦☜❍]，543.reproductive system [ ❒♓☐❒☜♎✈♦♓ ♦♓♦♦☜❍] 生殖系统544.#male genital organ [❍♏♓● ♎✞♏⏹♓♦● ♈☜⏹] 男性生殖器官545.*testis [ ♦♏♦♦♓♦] 睾丸546.tunica vaginalis of testis [ ♦◆⏹♓☜ ☜♎✞✋⏹☜●♓♦ ☜ ♦♏♦♦♓♦] 睾丸鞘膜547.epididymis [ ♏☐♓♎♓♎♓❍♓♦] 附睾548.#ductus deferens [ ♎✈♦☯♦ ♎♏♐☜❒☜⏹♦] 输精管549.ampulla ductus deferentis [✌❍☐◆●☜ ♎✈♦☯♦ ♎♓♐☜❒♏⏹♦♓♦] 输精管壶腹550.#spermatic cord [♦☐☜❍✌♦♓ ♎] 精索551.ejaculatory duct [♓♎✞✌◆●☜♦☜❒♓ ♎✈♦] 射精管552.#scrotum [ ♦❒☜◆♦☜❍] 阴囊553.#prostate [ ☐❒♦♦♏♓♦] 前列腺554.seminal vesicle [ ♦♓❍♓⏹● ♏♦♓●] 精囊555.bulbourethral gland [ ♌✈●♌☯◆◆☯❒♓❒☯● ♈●✌⏹♎] 尿道球腺556.#penis [ ☐♓⏹♓♦] 阴茎557.bulb of urethra [♌✈●♌ ☜ ◆☜❒♓❒☜] 尿道球558.#male urethra [❍♏♓● ◆☜❒♓❒☜] 男性尿道559.#female genital organ [ ♐♓❍♏♓● ♎✞♏⏹♓♦● ♈☜⏹]女性生殖器官560.*ovary [ ☜◆☜❒♓] 卵巢561.hilum of ovary [ ♒♋♓●☜❍ ☜ ☜◆☜❒♓] 卵巢门562.suspensory ligament of ovary [♦☜♦☐♏⏹♦☜❒♓ ●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ☜◆☜❒♓] 卵巢悬韧带563.proper ligament of ovary [ ☐❒☐☜ ●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ☜◆☜❒♓] 卵巢固有韧带564.#uterine tube [ ◆♦☜❒♋♓⏹ ♦◆♌] 输卵管565.isthmus of uterine tube [ ♓♦❍☜♦ ☜ ◆♦☜❒♋♓⏹ ♦◆♌] 输卵管峡566.ampulla of uterine tube [✌❍☐◆●☜ ☜ ◆♦☜❒♋♓⏹ ♦◆♌] 输卵管壶腹567.infundibulum of uterine tube [ ♓⏹♐✈⏹♎♓♌◆●☜❍ ☜ ◆♦☜❒♋♓⏹ ♦◆♌] 输卵管漏斗568.fimbriae of uterine tube [ ♐♓❍♌❒♓：☜ ◆♦☜❒♋♓⏹ ♦◆♌] 输卵管伞569.ovarian fimbria [☜◆☪☜❒♓☜⏹ ♐♓❍♌❒♓☜] 卵巢伞570.*uterus [ ◆♦☜❒☜♦]，womb [♦◆❍] 子宫571.fundus of uterus [ ♐✈⏹♎☜♦ ☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫底572.#neck of uterus [⏹♏☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫颈573.vaginal part of cervix [ ☜♎✞♋✋⏹☜● ☐♦ ☜ ♦☜♓ ♦] 子宫颈阴道部574.supravaginal part of cervix [ ♦◆☐❒☜✌♎✞♓⏹☜● ☐♦ ☜ ♦☜♓♦]子宫颈阴道上部575.body of uterus [♌♎♓☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫体576.horn of uterus [♒⏹☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫角577.isthmus of uterus [ ♓♦❍☜♦☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫峡578.cavity of uterus [ ✌♓♦♓☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫腔579.canal of cervix of uterus [ ☜⏹✌●☜ ♦☜♓♦ ☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫颈管580.orifice of uterus [ ❒♓♐♓♦☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫口581.broad ligament of uterus [♌❒♎●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫阔韧带582.round ligament of uterus [❒♋◆⏹♎●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫圆韧带583.cardinal ligament of uterus [ ♎♓⏹☜●●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ◆♦☜❒☜♦] 子宫主韧带584.uterosacral ligament [ ◆♦☜❒☜♦♏♓❒☜●●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦] 子宫骶韧带585.#vagina [ ☜♎✞♋♓⏹☜] 阴道586.vaginal orifice [ ☜♎✞♋✋⏹☜● ❒♓♐♓♦] 阴道口587.#fornix of vagina [ ♐⏹♓♦ ☜ ☜♎✞♋♓⏹☜] 阴道穹588.greater vestibular gland [ ♈❒♏✋♦☜☎❒✆ ♏♦♦✋♌◆●☜☎❒✆♈●✌⏹♎] 前庭大腺589.#pudendum [☐◆♎♏⏹♎☜❍] 外阴590.vaginal vestibule [ ☜♎✞♋✋⏹☜● ♏♦♦♓♌◆●] 阴道前庭591.#mamma [❍☜❍]，breast [♌❒♏♦♦] 乳房592.mammary [ ❍✌❍☜❒♓] 乳头593.lobe of mammary gland [●☜◆♌ ☜ ❍✌❍☜❒♓ ♈●✌⏹♎]乳腺叶ctiferous duct [●✌♦♓♐☜❒☜♦ ♎✈♦] 输乳管595.suspensory ligament of breast [♦☜♦☐♏⏹♦☜❒♓ ☜ ♌❒♏♦♦] 乳房悬韧带596.#perineum [ ☐♏❒♓⏹♓☜❍] 会阴597.ischioanal fossa [ ♓♦♓☯◆♏♓⏹☜● ♐♦☜]，ischiorectal fossa [ ♓♦♓☯◆❒♏♦● ♐♦☜] 坐骨肛门(直肠)窝598.#pelvic diaphragm [ ☐♏●♓ ♎♋♓☜♐❒✌❍] 盆膈599.#urogenital diaphragm [ ◆☜❒☜◆♎✞♏⏹♓♦● ♎♋♓☜♐❒✌❍] 尿生殖膈600.perineal body [ ☐♏❒♓⏹♓☯● ♌♎♓] 会阴中心腱腹膜601.*peritoneum [ ☐♏❒♓♦☜◆⏹♓☜❍] 腹膜602.parietal peritoneum [☐☜❒♋♓☜♦☜● ☐♏❒♓♦☜◆⏹♓☜❍] 壁腹膜603.visceral peritoneum [ ♓♦☜❒☜● ☐♏❒♓♦☜◆⏹♓☜❍] 脏腹膜604.#peritoneal cavity [ ☐♏❒♓♦☯◆⏹♓☯● ✌♓♦♓] 腹膜腔605.#omentum [☜◆❍♏⏹♦☜❍] 网膜606.#lesser omentum [ ●♏♦☜ ☜◆❍♏⏹♦☜❍] 小网膜607.hepatogastic ligament [ ♒♏☐☜♦☜◆♈✌♦♓●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦] 肝胃韧带608.#hepatoduodenal ligament [ ♒♏☐☜♦☜◆♎◆☎✆☜◆♎♓⏹●●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦] 肝十二指肠韧带609.greater omentum [ ♈❒♏✋♦☜☎❒✆ ☜◆❍♏⏹♦☜❍] 大网膜610.gastrocolic ligament [ ◆♦☜❒☜♦♏♓❒☜●●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦] 胃结肠韧带611.#omental bursa [☜◆❍♏⏹♦☜● ♌☜♦☜] 网膜囊612.#omental foramen [☜◆❍♏⏹♦☜● ♐☜❒♏♓❍♏⏹] 网膜孔613.#mesentery [ ❍♏♦☜⏹♦☜❒♓] 肠系膜614.radix of mesentery [ ❒♏♓♎♓♦ ☜ ❍♏♦☜⏹♦☜❒♓] 肠系膜根615.#mesoappendix [ ❍♏♦☜◆☜☐♏⏹♎✋♦] 阑尾系膜616.#transverse mesocolon [ ♦❒✌⏹☜♦ ❍♏♦☜☜◆●☜⏹] 横结肠系膜617.#sigmoid mesocolon [ ♦♓♈❍♓♎ ❍♏♦☜☜◆●☜⏹]，mesosigmoid [ ❍♏♦☜♦♓♈❍♓♎] 乙状结肠系膜618.falciform ligament of liver [ ♐✌●♦♓♐❍●♓♈☜❍☜⏹♦ ☜ ●♓☜] 镰状韧带619.ligamentum teres hepatic [ ●✋♈☜❍♏⏹♦☜❍ ♦♏❒♓ ♒♓☐✌♦♓♦] 肝圆韧带。
解剖学双语
Muscles of head 头肌
Facial muscles 面肌
Epicranius 颅顶肌
Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜
Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌 Buccinator 颊肌 Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌 Nasalis 鼻肌
Major muscles of the neck
Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌
Origin: transverse processes of C3C6.
Insertion: tubercle for scalenus anterior
Action: unilateral, bends neck laterally; bilateral, elevate first rib, an accessory muscle of inspiration; if rib is fixed, flex neck anteriorly
Nomenclature of mucles 肌的命名: shape size Location their points of attachment
Myology 肌学
Accessory structures Fascia 筋膜
Superficial fascia Deep fascia
Synovial bursa 滑膜囊
Myology 肌学
Tendinous sheath 腱鞘
Fibrous layer Synovial layer:
Mesotendon 腱系膜 vincula tendinum 腱纽
肌学.ppt
女：子宫圆韧带
腹股沟韧带
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3) 形态结构：“两口，四壁”
内口：腹股沟管深（腹）环 外口：腹股沟管浅（皮下）环 前壁：腹外斜肌腱膜和腹内斜肌 后壁：腹横筋膜和腹股沟镰 上壁：腹内斜肌和腹横肌下缘 下壁：腹股沟韧带 腹股沟镰
腹外疝
第三节 头颈肌
一、头肌 面肌 咀嚼肌
等来命名。 eg：三角肌
胸大肌 腹外斜肌
按其形状
按其位置和大小 按其位置和纤维方向
1、胸锁乳突肌 2、肱二头肌
四、肌的辅助装置
（一）筋膜（fascia） 1、浅筋膜（superficial fascia） 2、深筋膜（deep fascia） （二）滑膜囊 （三）腱鞘 synovial bursa tendinous sheath 纤维层 Fibrous layer 指腱鞘 滑膜层 Synovial layer 壁层 脏层
舌骨上肌群： 上提舌骨，协助吞咽；
下颌下三角
舌骨固定，拉下颌骨向下
舌骨下肌群： 下降舌骨和喉。
止点： 锁骨的外侧1/3、肩峰及肩胛冈 作用： 使肩胛骨向脊柱靠拢；
上部肌束收缩可上提肩胛骨；
下部肌束收缩使肩胛骨下降。
（二）背阔肌
latissimus dorsi 1
起点：下部胸椎的棘突、胸腰筋膜、 骶正中嵴和髂嵴的后份。
止点： 肱骨的小结节嵴
作用： 使肩关节内收、旋内和伸。 当上肢被固定，可上提躯干 （引体向上）
（一）胸上肢肌
1. 胸大肌 pectoralis major
1
起点：锁骨的内侧半、胸骨、上位
6个肋软骨及腹直肌鞘前层。 止点：肱骨的大结节嵴
胸大肌
作用： 使肩关节内收、旋内和屈。 当上肢被固定，可上提躯干 （引体向上）
解剖学 肌肉(英文版)
Acton: steadies,raise,descends,retract e and rotates the scapula.
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Action: Flexes, adducts and rotates the arm medially
; elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration.
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor 胸小肌
Actions: Stabilizes scapula by drawing it forward and downward
3) The Deep Cervical Muscles 颈深肌
lateral group
scalenus anterior scalenus medius scalenus posterior
Actions: elevate the ribs and flex and rotate the cervical region of the vertebral column to the opposite side.
sternal parts.
aortic hiatus主动脉裂孔
(T12, abdominal aorta主动脉,
thoracic duct 胸导管)
esophageal hiatus食管裂孔
(T10, esophagus食管, vagal trunks 迷走神经)
vena caval foramen腔静脉孔
系统解剖学 英文版.Myology(1)
Major Muscles of Back
★Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌
Origin: Spinacic and all lumbar vertebrae Median sacral crest Posterior part of iliac crest Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle Action: when trunk fixed, extends, adducts and medially rotates arm; when arm fixed, elevates trunk.
Muscles of the neck
Anterior group Suprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌 Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌 Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌 Action: elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible
Facial muscles 面肌
Epicranius 颅顶肌 Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌
Oral group 口周围肌
Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌 Buccinator 颊肌
Masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌
Lateral pterygoid 翼外肌
superiorly to the medial
pterygoid
Pulls the mandible forward
1.英汉人体解剖学基本词汇(850词)
The English—Chinese Basic Glossary of Human Anatomy英汉人体解剖学基本词汇systematic anatomy系统解剖学regional anatomy（topographic anatomy）局部解剖学anatomical position解剖学姿势superior上inferior下anterior前posterior后medial内侧lateral外侧superficial浅deep深internal 内external外proximal近侧distal远侧vertical axis垂直轴sagittal axis矢状轴coronal axis(frontal axis）冠状轴(额状轴）sagittal plane矢状面coronal plane（frontal plane）冠状面（额状面）horizontal plane（transverse plane）水平面（横切面）I.Locomotor System运动系统1.Bony System （Osteology）骨学long bone长骨short bone短骨flat bone扁骨irregular bone不规则骨sesamoid bone籽骨compact bone（dense bone)骨密质cancellous bone（spongy bone）骨松质diploe板障periosteum骨膜bone marrow骨髓(1）Bones of Trunk躯干骨vertebrae椎骨cervical vertebrae颈椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyx尾骨axis枢椎vertebra prominens隆椎sternum胸骨rib肋骨costal cartilage肋软骨（2)Skull颅frontal bone额骨ethmoid bone筛骨sphenoid bone蝶骨parietal bone顶骨temporal bone颞骨occipital bone枕骨maxilla上颌骨zygomatic bone颧骨palatine bone腭骨nasal bone鼻骨lacrimal bone泪骨inferior nasal concha下鼻甲vomer犁骨mandible下颌骨hyoid bone舌骨(3)Bones of Upper Limb上肢骨clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨ulna尺骨radius桡骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triquetral bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨trapezium bone大多角骨trapezoid bone小多角骨capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges指骨(4）Bones of Lower Limb下肢骨hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium坐骨pubis耻骨femur股骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨talus距骨calcaneus跟骨navicular bone足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone中间楔骨lateral cuneiform bone外侧楔骨cuboid bone骰骨metartarsal bones跖骨phalanges of toes趾骨2。
人体解剖学中英名词对照表
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。
一、总论（一）解剖学分类Classification of Anatomyanatomy 解剖学human anatomy anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional topographic anatomy topology 局部解剖学gross macroscopic anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological morbid anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生或发育histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学（二）一般解剖学术语General Anatomical Termsdissection，dissect v. 解剖，解剖标本normality，normal a. 正常abnormality abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三）方位术语Positional Terms1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语terms of directionsuperior upper 上inferior lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral dorsal 腹背侧medial lateral 内外侧intermediate 中间internal interior inner inside 内external exterior outer outside 外superficial 浅deep profound 深proximal distal 近远侧ulnar radial 尺桡侧tibial fibular 胫腓侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3. 轴和面Axes and Planesaxis pl. axesaxial a. 轴vertical perpendicular axis longitudinalaxis 垂直轴纵轴coronal frontal axis 冠额状轴sagittal axis 矢状轴plane 平面horizontal transverse plane 水平面横平面coronal frontal plane 冠额状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面（四）人体的分部和分区Toponym and Zonation of the Human body1. 头Headhead 头的Skull，craniun，cranial a. 颅front frontal region 额区perietal region 顶区occiput occipital region 枕区Face facial a. 面orbit orbital region 眶区nose nasal region 鼻区mouth oral region 口区chin mental region 颌区ear auditory region 耳区2. 颈Neckneck collum cervical amp jugular a. 颈anterior region of neck anterior of neck 颈前区carotid triangle 颈动脉三角muscular triangle 肌三角肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角posterior region of neck nuchal region 颈后区项区nape nucha nuchal a. 项root of neck 颈根部3. 躯干Trunktrunk truncus 躯干Median anterior line 前正中线sternal line 胸骨线parasternal line 胸骨旁线midclavicular line 锁骨中线anterior posterior axillary line 腋前后线midaxillary line 腋中线scapular line 肩胛线median posterior line 后正中线Back dorsal 背vertebral region 脊柱区sacral region 骶区scapular region 肩胛下区lumbar region 腰Chest thorax thoracic a. 胸sternal region 胸骨前区infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝Abdomen abdominal a. 腹Hypochondriac 季肋区epigastric region 腹上区lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区umbilical region 脐区inguinal region iliac region 腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region hypogastric region 耻区，腹下区Pelvispelvica. 盆部Perineumperineal a. 会阴anal region 肛区urogenital region 尿生殖区4. 四肢Limbslimbs extremities 四肢Upper limbs extremities 上肢Shoulder 肩axilla axillary region 腋区Free upper limb 自由上肢armbrachial a. 臂anterior posterior brachial region 臂前后区elbow cubital a. 肘forearm antebrachial a. 前臂anterior posterior antebrachial region 前臂前后区handmanual a. 手wrist carpal a. 腕palm palmar metacarpal a. 掌back palm of hand 手背掌finger digital a. 手指thumb 拇指index finger 示指middle finger 中指ring finger 环指little finger 小指Lower limb 下肢hip coxal a. 髋buttock gluteal region 臀区Free lower limb 自由下肢anterior posterior region of thigh 股前后区femoral triangle 股三角medial region of thigh 股内侧区knee geniculate a. 膝anterior posterior region of knee 膝前后区leg crural a. 小腿anterior posterior crural region 小腿前后区foot pedal a. 足dorsum of foot 足背sole planta pl. plantae 足底toes 足趾great toe 足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇一运动系统Locomotor System1．骨学Osteology （1）概述osteology 骨学bone，bony 骨skeleton，skletal a. 骨骼long short，flat bone 长短，扁骨irregular bone 不规则骨pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨，shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体bonyosseoussubstance 骨质compactspongybone 骨密松质trabeculae 骨小梁periosteum 外膜endosteum 骨内膜medullary 髓腔redyellowbone marrow 红黄骨髓（2）中轴骨骼Axial Skeleton躯干骨Bones of Trunk Vertebralspinelcolumn 脊柱vertebral canal 椎管intervertebral foramen 椎间孔cervical thoracic lumbar sacralcurvature 颈胸，腰，骶曲vertebra pl. vertebrae 椎骨vertebral body arch 椎体弓pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板vertebral foramen 椎孔spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突superior inferior articular process 上下关节突cervical vertebrae 颈椎atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎prominent vertebrae 隆椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrumsacral bone 骶骨coccyx 尾骨thoracic cavity 胸腔superior inferior aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口costal arch 肋弓intercostals space 肋间隙infrasternal angle 胸骨下角ribs costacostae 肋sternum 胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle body 胸骨角体Xiphoid process 剑突颅骨skullcerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity 颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen 颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior middleposterior cranial fossa 颅前中，后窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform apertureanterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture 鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior middle inferior meatus of nose 上中下鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior posterior fontanelle 前后囟anterolateral posterolateral fontanelle 前后外侧囟cranial bones 脑颅骨occipital bone 枕骨large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸superior inferior nuchal line 上下项线sulcus for transverse sinus transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round ovalspinousforamen 圆卵圆，棘孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore port 内耳门internal acoustic meatus canal 内耳道jugular fossa 颈静脉窝styloid process 茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔facial canal 面神经管external acoustic pore canal 外耳门道parietalparietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber foramen 顶结节孔frontal bone 额骨frontal squama tuber 额鳞结节superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch foramen 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate foramen 筛板孔facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone 鼻骨vomer 梨骨maxilla 上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨mandible 下颌骨ramousangle of mandible 下颌支角masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨（3）附肢骨骼Appendicular skeletonshoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superiormediallateralborder 上下，外侧缘coracoid process 喙突superior inferior lateral angle 上下，外侧角glenoid cavity 关节盂clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomicalsurgicalneck 解剖外科颈greaterlessertubercle 大小结节crest of greaterlessertubercle 大小结节嵴sulcus groovefor radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon coronoid radial fossa 鹰嘴冠突，桡窝medial lateral epicondyle 内外上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟radius 桡骨head neck of radius 桡骨头颈articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面uana 尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochlealradialnotch 滑车桡切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus hook of hamate bone 钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalangesbones of fingers 指骨proximal middle distal phalanx 近中，远指或趾骨下肢骨Bones of lower limbpelvic girdle 下肢带骨，盆带骨hip bone 髋骨acetabulum 髋臼acetabular fossa notch 髋臼窝切迹obturator foramen 闭孔Ilium 髂骨body ala of ilium 髂骨体翼arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle 髂结节Anterior superior inferior iliac spine 髂前上下棘Posterior superior inferior iliac spine 髂后上下棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆Ischium 坐骨Greater lesser sciatic notch 坐骨大小切迹Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior inferior ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨femur 股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head neck of femur 股骨头颈greater lesser trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea asperarough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface 腘面medial lateral condyle 内外侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial lateral epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft tuberosity of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial lateral malleolus 内外髁Fibulaperone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges bones of toes 趾骨2．关节学arthrology（1）概述synosteology 关节学，关节解剖学articulation 连结，关节joint 关节，连结synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结suture 缝cartilaginous joints 软骨连结synchondrosis pl. synchondroses 透明软骨结合symphysis pl.symphyses纤维软骨联合synostosis pl. synostoses synosteosis 骨性结合articular surface cavity 关节面腔articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule 关节囊fibrous layer membrane 纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer membrane 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold villi 滑膜襞synovial fluid 滑液ligament lig. 韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action 动作，作用flexionflexor m.flex v. 屈extensionextensor m. extense v. 伸adductionaddutor m. adduct v. 收abductionabdutor m. abduct v. 展Medial lateral rotation 旋内外pronationpronator m. pronate v. 旋前supination supinatorm. supinatev. 旋后circumduction 环转运动（2）中轴骨骼的连结Joints of the Axial Skeletonvertebral joints 椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带intertransverse lig. 横突间韧带supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节Joint of costal head 肋头关节Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal sagittal suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture 人字缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节（3）附肢骨骼的连结Joints of the Appendicular Skeletonjoints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig. 喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal jointof thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints 掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带Greater lesser sciatic foramen 坐骨大小孔Pelvis 骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater lesser pelvis 大小骨盆Superior posterior pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch 耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint 髋关节Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint 膝关节Medial lateral meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带Fibular tibial collateral lig. 腓胫侧副韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节subtalar joint talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跗跖弓medial lateral longitudinal arch 内外侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓3. 肌学myology（1）概述muscle m. 肌肉cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌skeletal muscle 骨骼肌long short broad flat muscle 长短，阔，扁肌orbicular muscle 轮匝肌sphincter 括约肌dilator dilatator 开大肌venter belly 肌腹tendon 腱aponeurosis 腱膜origin 起点，固定点insertion 止点，动点accessory subservient structure 辅助结构tendinous sheath 腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon 滑膜腱鞘fascia 筋膜superficial deep fascia 浅深筋膜synovial bursa 滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue fat 皮下组织脂肪（2）躯干肌Muscles of Trunkmuscles of back 背肌trapezius m. 斜方肌broadest m. of back 背阔肌erector spinal m. 竖脊肌muscles of neck 颈肌platysma m. 颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m. 胸锁乳突肌anterior middle posterior scalene m. 前中后斜角肌scalene fissure 斜角肌suprahyoid muscles 舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles 舌骨下肌群thoracic m. 胸肌greater lesser pectoral m. 胸大小肌anterior serratus m. 前锯肌thoracic proper m. 胸固有肌external intercostal m. 肋间外肌internal intercostal m. 肋间内肌external internal intercostals membrane 肋间外内膜transverse m. of thorax 胸横肌intimate intercostal m. 肋间最内肌diaphragm 膈central tendon 中心腱aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave 腔静裂孔abdominal m. 腹肌abdominal rectus m. straight m. of abdomen 腹直肌sheath of rectus m. 腹直肌鞘external internal oblique m. of abdomen 腹外内斜肌inguinal lig. 腹股沟韧带superficial deep inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen 腹横肌inguinal canal 腹股沟管（2）头肌Muscles of HeadFacial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontaloccipitalbelly 额枕腹epicranial aponeurosisgalea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye 眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth 口轮匝肌buccinatorbuccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌（3）上肢肌Muscles of Upper Limbmuscles of shoulder girdle 上肢带肌肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps triceps m. 肱二三头肌anconeus m.。
肌肉-医学解剖
（二）后群
肱三头肌triceps brachii： 伸肘关节，长头尚可使上臂后伸和内 收。
喙肱肌 coracobrachiali s
肱肌 brachiali s
肱三头肌 triceps brachii
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三、前臂肌 （一）前群
肱桡肌
旋前圆肌 掌长肌 桡侧腕屈肌 尺侧腕屈肌
指浅屈肌 拇长屈肌
指深屈肌
斜方肌
位置： 位于项部和背上部的浅层。
作用： 使肩胛骨向脊柱靠拢；上部肌束可上提肩胛骨； 下部肌束使肩胛骨下降。如果肩胛骨固定，一 侧肌收缩使颈向同侧屈、脸转向对侧，两侧同 时收缩可使头后仰。
（二）背阔肌latissimus dorsi 位置： 位于背的下半部及胸的后外侧。
背阔肌
作用： 使肱骨内收、旋内和后伸。当上肢上举被固定 时，可引体向上。
中心腱
三个裂孔：
主动脉裂孔：第12胸椎高度， 降主动脉和胸导 管通过。
食管裂孔：第10胸椎高度，食管
和迷走神经通过。
食管裂孔
主
动
脉
腔静脉孔：第8胸椎水平，
腔静脉孔
裂
通过下腔静脉。
孔
作用：主要的呼吸肌。与腹肌同时收 缩，增加腹压，协助排便。
膈脚
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五、腹肌 （一）腹外斜肌 obliquus externus abdominis
骨间掌 侧肌
骨 间 背
侧
骨间背侧肌4块，
肌
外展2~4指，屈掌
指关节，伸指间
关节。
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第五节 下肢肌
一、髋肌（盆带肌）
（一）前群
1、髂腰肌iliopsoas
髂
肌
腰大肌： 起自椎体侧面和横突
人体解剖学中英名词对照表
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（*）标注的名词为最常用的词汇,必须熟记掌握。
一、总论（一）解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy）anatomy 解剖学human anatomy，anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional (topographic）anatomy，topology 局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological (morbid）anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生（或发育)histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学（二)一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v。
) 解剖,解剖标本normality，normal （a。
）正常abnormality , abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity，malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三)方位术语(Positional Terms）1。
anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior，upper 上inferior，lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral （dorsal) 腹(背）侧medial (lateral) 内（外）侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner，inside 内external, exterior，outer，outside 外superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal （distal) 近（远)侧ulnar （radial) 尺（桡)侧tibial （fibular) 胫（腓)侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis （pl。
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sternothyroid
胸骨甲状肌
thyrohyoid
甲状舌骨肌
三、 the deep group 1. lateral group
scalenus anterior
前斜角肌
scalenus medius
中斜角肌
scalenus posterior
后斜角肌
Scalene fissure: above the first rib, between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius.
作用。 ６．掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。 ７．掌握腹前外侧肌群的位置、形态结构、起止
概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘的组成。 ８．掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。
Section 1 The general description
Smooth muscle
muscle Cardiac muscle
brachial plexus and subclavian artery
2. medial group
Section 4
The Muscles of Trunk
The Muscles of Back The Muscles of Thorax The Diaphragm The Muscles of Abdomen
Chapter 3 Myology 肌学
Department of Anatomy Yunyang medical college
目的和要求
１．掌握骨骼肌的构造、分类、起止和作用。 ２．了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。 ３．了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置 、起止概况和作用。 ４．掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙。 ５．了解躯干肌的分部和分层情况，掌握斜方肌 、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌的位置和主要
一、 The Muscles of Back
Trapezius斜方肌 -raises,descends,retracts Scapula
Latissimus dorsi背阔肌 -extends,adducts and medially rotates humerus
Levator scapulae肩胛提肌 Rhomboideus菱形肌 Erector spinae竖脊肌 Splenius夹肌
and action of the skeletal muscle
The origin and insertion of the skeletal muscle
Architecture of muscles The action of muscles
一、The facial muscles面肌
the epicranius颅顶肌 the orbicularis oculi
眼轮匝肌
the muscles around the mouth 口周围肌
二、The masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌
the masseter 咬肌 the temporalis颞肌 the medial pterygoid
involuntary muscle
striated muscle
Skeletal muscle: Voluntary muscle
Bones:lever
Skeletal muscle: motive force
system
Joints:axis/hinge
一、Morphology and structure of skeletal muscle
一、 The superficial and lateral group
1. the platysma颈阔肌
2. Sternocleidomastoid
胸锁乳突肌
Origin
manubrium sternum and
clavicle
Insertion
mastoid process
Action
The head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side ; Protracts head when acting together.
二、 The anterior group
1. the suprahyoid muscles
digastric
二腹肌
mylohyoid
下颌舌骨肌
stylohyoid
茎突舌骨肌
Geniohyoid
颏舌骨肌
2. the infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid
胸骨舌骨肌
omohyoid
Deep fascia （二） Synovial bursa
（三）Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer
Synovial layer: mesotendon 腱系膜, vincula tendinum腱纽
（四）Sesamoid bone 籽骨
Section 2 The muscles of head
翼内肌
the lateral pterygoid
翼外肌
Section 3 The muscles of neck
By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups: superficial, lateral, anterior and deep.
structure
Muscle belly肌腹 Tendon肌腱
aponeurosis 腱膜
Morphology
Short muscle
Long muscle Flat muscle Orbicular muscle
二、The origin and insertion ,architecture
肌的作用是在神经 的统一支配下牵引骨骼 而产生运动。
三、Nomenclature of mucles肌的命名: shap, size, location, points of attachment and their actions
四、Accessory structures
（一）Fascia 筋膜 Superficial fascia