2017考研英语近五年真题
2017考研英语近五年真题，一个不能放过
来源：智阅网
大纲出来之后，考研英语复习规划还是以近五年的真题为蓝本，以主要的复习内容，也就是说2008年、2009年、2010年、2011年、2012年，这五年的真题，同学们留最后两套，2013年和2014年的真题。
在最后我们会进行模拟的测试，建议大家在这一段时间复习好这五套真题。
我们怎么样来精研它，下面我们给大家介绍一些必须要遵循的步骤。
第一步，拿到一个题目，先去做题，因为到了这个阶段，大家暑假的各种方法都已经学过了，各种理论性的知识也有了一定的铺垫积累，现在需要把暑假之前学到的方法运用到实践中去精研真题，第一步，先给自己卡好时间，拿阅读理解为例，20分钟的时间去做这个题目，认真地去做，把所有的答案，正确的、错误的，或者说有把握的，没有把握的做上标记，然后做完了之后第二步去对答案。
对答案的时候，尤其关注自己一定会做对的是不是对了，拿不准的，连蒙带猜的，或者就没谱的是不是做错了，然后一定要认真地分析做错的原因。
那么拿到一个错题，同学们需要分析的东西包括哪些方面呢？
第一个，我们拿到一个题目，同学们必须要站在出题人的角度上去思考，这个题目它的命题点是什么，他为什么要在这个地方出题，他想考查我们什么，他的目的是什么。
第二个，这个题目它的选项中，这四个选项分别有什么样的特点，正确选项具有什么样的特点，错误选项是怎么错的，它到底是偷换概念了，它到底是表达过于绝对了，它到底是什么样的原因导致的这个选项它不能选，是不在定位范围呢，还是说细节呢，还是说跟中心不一致，反正它错误的理由大家一定要找到，要有理有据。
其次，我们还要分析的最最重要的，做错的理由是什么，做错的原因是什么，你为什么做错这道题目。
没有看清楚，没有注意到，这种
理由，如果说是这种理由，也就意味着这种题目是你正常情况下，或者说靠大家认真态度是能够把它做对的。
那么这种错误请大家在考试之前一定要把它纠正了的。
第二种，这种题目同学们就没有找对答案的位置，定位都不对，找到的答案的位置跟后面发现答案解析的位置不在一块。
说明解析的方法没有掌握，如果方法没有掌握的话，请同学们回去认真地分析，认真地去对照暑假的时候学习的答题的方法。
这种题目的答题到底是一种什么样的思路。
例证题，它一定要求这个答案在那个例子之前，或者之后的那一句话。
段落推断题，它往往是这个文章的段落的中心主旨，同学们是不是这一点都没有做到，解题的基本的方法都没有掌握，如果是这种错误的话，是大家的能力，是大家认真一些应该也可以进行解决掉的。
方法没有掌握的问题。
第三类的错误，可能很多同学，这个就是一个硬伤了，很多同学找到了，根据题干回到原文找到了那句话，但就是没读懂，就是选项里面有单词不认识，选项看不看？那么这种是能力的问题，就是目前为止，大家的语法、词汇知识不到位，导致文章读不懂，像这种我们称之为硬伤，这个是要靠自己的积累，自己的勤奋努力来的。
那么怎样解决第三个问题呢？文章看不懂，词汇不下来的问题。
建议大家去研究文章，考研真题的文章。
前面我们是围绕着题目来说的，反过来说文章，我们拿到任何一篇阅读理解的文章，同学们起码要把它读五遍，我们把它叫做五遍真题精读法。
怎么样来读呢？第一遍，查词典，把里面所有的单词，不认识单词一起全部查出来。
第二遍，去分析里面所有的句子，找到每年一般句话的句子的主句、从句，找到每一个句子的主干、修饰成分，理清楚主句跟从句之间，主干与修饰成分之间的修饰关系，搞定每个句话的语法知识点。
第三步，去分析，大家把那个句子，每一段话的句子标上序号，一二三四五，标上序号，去分析每一句话与每一句话之间的关系，比如说第一句是一个论点句，第二句是论点的进一步的阐述，第三步是给
论点举了一个例子，用例子来证明它，第四句继续是例子的内容，第五句是一个总结。
同学们这么去分析它每一句话之间的关系以及它与上下句之间的关系。
第四步，去分析这篇文章五段话、六段话或者七段话，段与段之间的关系，比如说必须拿到一篇文章，能够知道第一段落它是个引子，它讲了一个故事，它的目的是为了引出文章中心，而文章中心在第二段里面出现，第二段根本第一段故事引出来了一个社会现象、社会问题，第三段再分析这个问题的根源，后面再解决这个问题产生，这个问题的解决我们应该如何去应对。
段与段之间的逻辑大家必须理清楚。
第五遍的时候，需要把选项，把题目跟文章结合，也就是大家要把文章，每一个选项要在文章中找到出处。
无论是正确的，还是错误的。
我们说考研阅读中，有些同学会认为这个错误选项，错的原因叫无中生有。
各位，无中怎么能生有，这个出题人他怎么会脑子突然就灵光一闪就编出来的一个选项吗？
一定是文章中某一个地方给了他一些启示，给了他一些暗示，他根据文章某些信息选出来的，所以这个世界上没有无中生有的事情，同学们必须去找到这个选项，站在出题人的角度上想一想，他是怎么想到出这样一个选项的。
如果大家脑子能够上考场之前调到与出题人一个频道上，出题人每一句话都能整明白他为什么会这么出选项，那么想考不好都难。
这是我们说的最基本的五步阅读，如果说，“老师，我现在基础不是特别好，而且我的英语就是我整个复习中最大的一个坎儿，我必须要把英语搞定了，我才可能考得上研究生。
”如果说这种情况下的话，同学们对英语要求比较高的要求下，建议你做另外的三件事。
第一个，把整篇文章翻译成为汉语，只有能把文章用汉语表达出来，才能够说明大家把这篇文章真的看懂了，不要说老师，我看懂了，我就是说不出来，不可能看懂了说不出来，汉语大家说了二十多年了，怎么可能说不出来想说的意思呢？一定要把它翻译过来变成汉语。
当然，第二个要求可能就更加的狠一些，对自己要学习，对自己要狠一点。
大家试一试，能不能把翻译成汉语的那个文章重新反译成为
英文，也就是对照着汉语的译文去回想英语的那个句型结构的表达，这一步老师为什么这么做，这一步对下面这个题目，写作那个题目也很大的好处。
很多时候，我们中国人学英语就是背单词，我们连句子都没有背过，更别说背篇章结构了。
所以就导致我们写文章的时候充满着汉式的思维习惯。
这一点，我们通过背一些英语的文章，通过英汉两种语言之间的转换，是能够调整同学们的思维方式的，所以这一步希望大家可以尝试去做。
如果说，“老师，我实在没有别的招，我什么都不懂，我这个英语知识特别烂，”大家要相信老师，背上五年的真题，一年阅读理解，四篇文章，五年二十篇文章，如果能够把二十篇文章背下来，把题目全部背下来，英语起码说过线不可能是问题。
如果想要考到一个比较理想的分数，考到六十分以上，七十分以上的话，也建议同学们去背背真题的文章。
因为语言它一定是大量的背诵积累来的。
总之，四个字，精研真题。
精研真题包括精研题目和精研文章。
大家已经明白来真题的重要行了，并且了解了该如何运用这些真题，接下来我们就要，认真研读我们的真题了，谭剑波编写的2017《考研英语二历年真题详解》这本书对我们复习真题帮助很大，考生们要好好利用哦。
2017年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)
2017年考研英语一试题与答案解析（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”.(1)helping you feel close and(2)to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a(3)of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you(4)getting sick this winter.In a recent study(5)over400health adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs(6)the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being(7)to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come(8)with a cold,and the researchers(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging(10)about32percent of that beneficial effect.(11)among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe(12).“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the(13)risk for colds that’s usually(14)with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps(15)the feeling that others are there to help(16)difficulty.”Some experts(17)the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”(18)it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it(19)in the brain, where it(20)mood,behavior and physiology.1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests13.[A]highlighted[B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record16.[A]in the face of[B]in the form of[C]in the way of[D]in the name of17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences1、【答案】[B]Besides【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。
2017年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析(完整版)
2017年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析（完整版）感谢：凯程洛老师提供真题。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案SectionI Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different, with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the 8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or apassion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1．[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring【答案】[C]warning2．[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty【答案】[A]inequality3．[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction【答案】[D]prediction4．[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured【答案】[A]characterized5．[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom【答案】[B]meaning6．[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless【答案】[B]Indeed7．[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated【答案】[C]working8．[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute 【答案】[A]explanation9．[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among【答案】[D]among10．[A]leave behind[B]make up[C]worry about[D]set aside【答案】[C]worry about11．[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically【答案】[C]necessarily12．[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles【答案】[B]downsides13．[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course【答案】[A]absence14．[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield【答案】[D]yield15．[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship【答案】[C]virtue16．[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce【答案】[D]scarce17．[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats【答案】[A]demands18．[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved【答案】[B]tired19．[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into【答案】[D]into20．[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal 【答案】[B]professionalSectionIIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Every Saturday morning,at9am,more than50,000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired400events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record13 minutes48seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly2million in the run—up to2012—but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to“inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has.[A]gained great popularity[B]created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D]become an official festival【答案】[A]gained great popularity22.The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy”has failed to.[A]boost population growth[B]promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D]increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B]promote sport participation23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.[A]aims at discovering talents[B]focuses on mass competition[C]does not emphasize elitism[D]does not attract first-timers【答案】[C]does not emphasize elitism24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should.[A]organize“grassroots”sports events[B]supervise local sports associations[C]increase funds for sports clubs[D]invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D]invest in public sports facilities25.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic【答案】[B]criticalText2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to______.[A]simplify routine matters[B]absorb user attention[C]better interpersonal relations[D]increase work efficiency【答案】[B]absorb user attention27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices______.[A]takes away babies’appetite[B]distracts children’s attention[C]slows down babies’verbal development[D]reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D]reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the“still face experiment”to show that_______.[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B]teach their kids at least30,000words a year[C]ensure constant interaction with their children[D]remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C]ensure constant interaction with their children30.According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_______.[A]give their parents some free time[B]make their parents more creative[C]help them with their homework[D]help them become more attentive【答案】[A]give their parents some free timeText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn’t it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that.[A]they think it academically misleading[B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C]it feels strange to do differently from others[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C]it feels strange to do differently from others32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps.[A]keep students from being unrealistic[B]lower risks in choosing careers[C]ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D]relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D]relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to.[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition【答案】[A]adaptation34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them.[A]avoid academic failures[B]establish long-term goals[C]switch to another college[D]decide on the right major【答案】[D]decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be.[A]In Favor of the Gap Year[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year[C]The Gap Year Comes Back[D]The Gap Year:A Dilemma【答案】[A]In Favor of the Gap YearText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago. In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the pastdecade,the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,”he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to“an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they.[A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C]severely damaged the ecology of western states[D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget37.Moritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glass”to.[A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B]avoid the redirection of federal money[C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that.[A]public debates have not settled yet[B]fire-fighting conditions are improving[C]other factors should not be overlooked[D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C]other factors should not be overlooked39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to.[A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B]explore the mechanism of the human systems[C]maximize the role of landscape in human life[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should.[A]do away with[B]come to terms with[C]pay a price for[D]keep away from【答案】[B]come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain,particularly from Donald Trump.“We don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing,American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every lennials may not be that interested in taking their place,other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages.“They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm,“They may be coming[into the workforce],but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,”Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in1980,Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers,five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to$17after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.“I love working with tools.I love creating.”he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the lennials“remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in1970to12million in2013.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,”says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College.“There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill.It’s that gap in between,and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives,”she says.【答案】41[E]says that for factory owners,workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42[A]says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43[G]says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44[B]points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill 45[F]points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing Section IIITranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is,one of my favourite activities.But,to be honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course“Fashion Media &Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。
2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析(00001)
2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析Dlook into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believe s that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have longviewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protec tion of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually so ften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s tr ial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constitue nts and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to playfavorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forwa rd in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was c ontemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D havebeen correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complexplots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dick ens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labo r in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his nextnovel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichen s’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operatingenvironment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li M ing” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain ,and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags toavoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.【答案】[A] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants.。
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeD confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.A proficiencyB graspC efficiencyD competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thoughtabout now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ thatschools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one withthe Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibited38. Some teenagers a re so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s stepA ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance t o change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed t o fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea containonly about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends andfamily and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living aloneis putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system justfor selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because theyof resource consumption”share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would findthat all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for acup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bitworried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by nothaving a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panicand hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “family and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilatedinto a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having aFriends.“green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV seriesAnd the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own isnot allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’slife-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longerthan before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________A harmful to people’s life.B destructive to our ecosystem.C dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV seriesFriends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next bigissue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had beco from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is adisorder passed f rom mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance ofhaving the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selectionled them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now theywill try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 inCalifornia marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number ofpeople who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the companydirector.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the techniquefor nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a c hild to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success r ate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates s perm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because t hey might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.primary concern regarding the application of the new59. Which of the following is the author’stechnology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnantwith boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who wantto have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemmafor mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at thetop-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sellthe lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to makeup and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely tokeep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely t o have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to beuld be clearly marked as such and not sold as if theyextra critical. For example the “second” showere perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect thanMore serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price “seconds.” which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the menwho run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the dayafter the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left-price” when only awhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at halfwerefew are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods with serious defects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____A dressing againB change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price.Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can thesebe alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotionalproblems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressantsbut he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, oftenunwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularlypsychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merel drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in thecase of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness o f doctor who feelthat they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the otherhand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatriccare may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the useof drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withholdsuch treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himselffeels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. Itdoes not solve the problem of those whose headaches, i ndigestion, backache, etc. are due tophysical cause and as a matter “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to someof routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is seriousordinary doctor’sindeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmfulside effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating theirpatients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in adepressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Theirpledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dimlight on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in ourcurrent regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morrisseems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again,how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, anattempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates,reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking cando to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morrisdraws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to b honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real e and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone。
2017 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语一)
2017 Text 3（英语⼀）Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's except that which makes life worthwhile." GDPmeasures "everything罗伯特·肯尼迪曾说过，⼀个国家的国内⼀产总值可以衡量“除了让⼀活有价值外的⼀切事情”。
With Britain voting to leave the European Union , and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now ahe was referring to.timely moment to assess what英国投票决定脱离欧盟，预计会致使国内⼀产总值下滑，现在正是评价他这句话的最佳时刻。
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.国内⼀产总值的问题及其作⼀已经困扰决策者半个多世纪了。
Many argue that it is a flawed concept.许多⼀表示，这是⼀个错误的概念。
It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.它衡量的是⼀些不重要的事情，却忽略了重要的⼀⼀。
By most recent measures, the UK 's GDP has been the envy of the Western world , with record low unemployment and high growth figures.最近数据显示，英国低失业率和⼀增⼀数据全都突破纪录，其国内⼀产总值令⼀⼀各国羡慕。
2017年考研英语(二)真题
2017年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again1that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one4by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for7Americans.Also，some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively16for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among10.[A]leave behind[B]make up[C]worry about[D]set aside11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1Every Saturday morning,at9a.m.,more than50,000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired400events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record13minutes48seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly2million in the run－up to2012－but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to “inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularity B．created many jobsC．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy"has failed to_____.A．boost population growth B．promote sport participationC．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talents B．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitism D．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize"grassroots"sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A．Tolerant B．Critical C．Uncertain D．sympatheticText2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.“Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to______.A．simplify routine matters B．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices______.A．takes away babies’appetite B．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’verbal development D．reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the“still face experiment”to show that_______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B．teach their kids at least30,000words a year C．ensure constant interaction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30.According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free time B．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homework D．help them become more attentiveText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn't it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to collegeand being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.A．they think it academically misleading B．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from others D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.A．keep students from being unrealistic B．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdens D．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）is closest in meaning to_____.A．Adaptation B．applicationC．Motivation D．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failures B．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another college D．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap Year B．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes Back D．The Gap Year:A DilemmaText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget C．severely damaged the ecology of western states D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to_____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas B．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscape D．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____.A．public debates have not settled yet B．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlooked D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____.A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature B．explore the mechanism of the human systems C．maximize the role of landscape in human life D．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should_____.A．do away with B．come to terms withC．pay a price for D．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain,particularly from Donald Trump.“We don't make anything anymore,”he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing,American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place,other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages.“They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm,“They may be coming[into the workforce],but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,”Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980,Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers,five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to $17after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering."I love working with tools.I love creating."he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the lennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,"says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in1970to12million in2013.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College."There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between,and that's where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives,”she says.41。
2017年考研英语一真题及答案
2017年考研英语一真题及答案D江西研视界教育咨询有限公司江西研视界教育咨询有限公司江西研视界教育咨询有限公司江西研视界教育咨询有限公司江西研视界教育咨询有限公司江西研视界教育咨询有限公司4. A. recall B. forget C. avoidD. keep5. A. collecting B. affectingC. guidingD. involving6. A. on B. in C. at D. of7. A. devoted B. exposed C. lostD. attracted8. A. along B. across C. downD. out9. A. imagined B. denied C. doubtedD. calculated江西研视界教育咨询有限公司10. A. served B. explainedC. restoredD. required11. A. Thus B. Still C. RatherD. Even12. A. defeats B. symptoms C. errorsD. tests13. A. highlighted B. minimizedC. controlledD. increased14. A. associated B. equippedC. presentedD. compared15. A. assess B. moderate C. generateD. record江西研视界教育咨询有限公司16. A. in the face ofB. in the form ofC. in the name ofD. in the way of17. A. attribute B. commitC. transferD. return18. A. unless B. because C. thoughD. until19. A. vanishes B. emerges C. remainsD. decreases20. A. experiences B. combinesC. justifiesD. Influences江西研视界教育咨询有限公司【答案】1.【B】Besides2.【C】connected3.【A】host4.【C】avoid5.【D】involving6.【A】on7.【B】exposed8.【C】down9.【D】calculated10.【B】explained11.【D】Even12.【B】symptoms江西研视界教育咨询有限公司13.【D】increased14.【A】associated15.【C】generate16.【A】in the face of17.【A】attribute18.【B】because19.【C】remains20.【D】influencesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answe r the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHE ET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours -this is how far in advance author ities are recommendingpeople show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U. S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate ti me-consuming security procedures in r eturn for increasedsafety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have dow ned over theMediterranean Sea, provides another t ragic reminder of why. But demanding江西研视界教育咨询有限公司too much of airtravelers or providing too little se curity in return undermines public s upport for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on A mericans’economic and private lives , not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Securit y Administration (TSA) found in a s ecret check thatundercover investigators were able to sneak weapons - both fake and rea l - past airport securitynearly every time they tried. Enhanc ed security measures since then, com bined with a rise inairline travel due to the improving江西研视界教育咨询有限公司economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits atmajor airports such as Chicago’s O'Hare International. It is not y et clear how much more effective airline security has become - but t he lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the gove rnment did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lan es. Another factor may be that more people are trying tooverpack their carry-on bags to avoi d checked-baggage fees, though the a江西研视界教育咨询有限公司irlines strongly disputethis.There is one step the TSA could ta ke that would not require remodeling airports or rushing tohire: Enroll more people in the Pre Check program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win fortravelers and the TSA. Passengers wh o pass a background check are eligi ble to use expedited3江西研视界教育咨询有限公司screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are hig her risk, saving time foreveryone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreChe ck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is stick er shock: Passengers mustpay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag江西研视界教育咨询有限公司has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasona blelevel. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollmentor to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting re sources into underused PreCheck lanes while most ofthe traveling public suffers in unne cessary line's. It is long past time o make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司[B] explain American’s tolerance of current security chec ks.[C] highlight the necessity of upgra ding major U.S. Airports.[D] emphasize the importance of priv acy protection.22. Which of the following contribut es to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bag s.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of t ravelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks .23. The word “expedited”(Line 4,江西研视界教育咨询有限公司Para. 5) is closest in meaning to[A] quieter.[B] faster.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck p rogram is[A] a dramatic reduction of its sca le.[B] its wrongly-directed implementatio n.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enroll ment.25. Which of the following would be江西研视界教育咨询有限公司the best title for the text?[A] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[B] PreCheck - a Belated Solution[C] Less Screening for More Safety[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText1【答案】21.【B】explain Americans' tolerance of curre nt security worldwide22.【C】An increase in the number of travel lers23.【D】faster24.【D】an unreasonble price for enrollment 25.【A】Less Screening for More Safety江西研视界教育咨询有限公司Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians are astronome rs”, wrote Queen Lilihuokalani, Hawi i’s last reigningmonarch, in 1987, Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly, all is not well with astrono my in Hawaii today. Protesters have erupt of over construction ofthe Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a g iantobservatory that promises to revo lutionize humanity’sview of cosmos.At the issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a江西研视界教育咨询有限公司domant volcano worshiped by hsome Hawaiian aspoko, that connects the H awaiian Island to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also hometo some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested i n thePercific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peakrises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtainimages of surpassed clarity.Oppositions to telescopes on Mauna K ea is nothing new. A small but voc al group of Hawaiiansand environmentalists have long viewe d their presence as disrespect for江西研视界教育咨询有限公司sacred land and a painfulreminder of occupation of what was ones a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controver sy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to built bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way for understan ding the world. They did notalways prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands’inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not the relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a culture history,江西研视界教育咨询有限公司too, which roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought clear ly Polynesians to Hawaii’sshores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disa ssemble all telescopes onMauna Kea or to ban both seek to answer big questions about who we a re, where we come fromand where we are going. Perhaps tha t is why we explore the starry ski es. As if answering aprimary calling to know ourselves an d our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making co mprises to change its use of Mauna江西研视界教育咨询有限公司Kea. The TMT sitewas chosen to minimize the telescope ’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeologicaland environmental impact. To limit t he number of telescopes on Mauna Ke a, old ones will beremoved at the end of their lifetim es and their sites retuned to a na tural state. There is no reasonwhy everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to studythe stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’江西研视界教育咨询有限公司s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A]. her conservative view on the h istorical role of astronomy[B].the importance of astronomy in a ncient Hawaiian society[C].the regrettable decline of astron omy in ancient times[D].her appreciation of star watcher’s feats in her time27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an idea l astronomical site due to[A]. its geographical features[B].its protective surroundings[C]. its religious implication[D].its exciting infrastructure江西研视界教育咨询有限公司28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some local partly becau se[A]. it may risk ruining the their intellectual life[B]. it remains them of a humiliati ng history[C]. their culture will lose a chan ce of revival[D].they fear losing control of Maun a Kea29. It can be inferred from Paragra ph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]. is fulfilling the dreams of an cient Hawaiian[B]. helps spread Hawaiian culture a江西研视界教育咨询有限公司cross the world[C]. may cover the origin of Hawaii an culture[D].will eventually soften Hawaiians’history30. The author’s attitude towards choosing Mauna Ke a as the TMT site is one of[A]. severe criticism[B]. passive acceptance[C]. slight hesitancy[D]. full approvalText2【答案】26.【C】the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times27.【A】its geographical features江西研视界教育咨询有限公司28.【B】it reminds them of a humiliating hi story29.【C】may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture30.【D】full approvalText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except t hat whichmakes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union , and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess w江西研视界教育咨询有限公司hat he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefuln ess has annoyed policymakers for ove r half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed con cept. It measures things that do no t matter and miss things thatdo. By most recent measures, the UK ’s GDP has been the envy of the We stern World, with recordlow unemployment and high growth fig ures. If everything was going so so well, then why didover 17million people vote for Brexi t, despite the warnings about what it could do to their江西研视界教育咨询有限公司country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being shedssome light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorestperformers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningfu l improvement for itscitizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, educationand civil society engagement have be en measured to get a more rounded assessment of howcountries are performing.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司While all of these countries face t heir own challenges, there are a nu mber of consistentthemes. Yes, there has been a buddi ng economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in keyindicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yetthis isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen hugeimprovements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countrie s can learn: When GDP is no longer江西研视界教育咨询有限公司regarded as the solemeasure of a country’s success, the world looks very dif ferent.So, what Kennedy was referring to w as that while GDP h as been the m ost common methodfor measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does notinclude important factors such as en vironmental equality or education out comes - all things thatcontribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted a江西研视界教育咨询有限公司round the world and in the UK coul d lead to a decline inthe everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker whorefocus efforts on improving well-bei ng rather than simply worrying about GDP figures couldavoid the forecasted doom and may e ven see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited beca use heA praised the UK for its GDP.B identified GDP with happiness.C misinterpreted the role of GDP.D had a low opinion of GDP.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司32. It can be inferred from Paragra ph 2 thatA the UK is reluctant to remold it s economic pattern.B the UK will contribute less to t he world economy.C GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.D policymaker in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?A It excludes GDP as an indicator.B It is sponsored by 163 countries.C Its criteria are questionable.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司D Its result are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests thatA the UK is preparing for an econo mic boom.B high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.C it is essential to consider facto rs beyond GDP.D it requires caution to handle eco nomic issue.35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A high GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK LessonB GDP Figures, a Window on Global江西研视界教育咨询有限公司Economic HealthC Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator o f GDPD Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText3【答案】31.【D】Had a low opinion of GDP.32.【C】GDP as the measure of success is w idely defied in the UK.33.【A】Its results are enlightening.34.【C】It is essential to consider factors are beyond GDP.35.【A】High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,江西研视界教育咨询有限公司a UK Lesson.Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the c orruption conviction of aformer Virginia governor, Robert McDo nnell.But it did so while holding i ts nose at the ethics ofhis conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch anda Ferrari automobile from acompany seeking access to government. The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McD onnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must江西研视界教育咨询有限公司look only at his “official acts”, or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “un settled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain acc ess to other officials, unless done with clear intent topressure those officials, is not cor ruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and“nasty”. But under anti-bribery law s, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval ofa contract or regulation. Simply arr江西研视界教育咨询有限公司anging a meeting, making a phone ca ll, or hosting an event isnot an an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defini ng a kind of favoritism that is no t criminal. Electedleaders must be allowed to help sup porters deal with bureaucratic proble ms without fear ofprosecution for bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative go vernment,”wrote ChiefJustice John Robert for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents江西研视界教育咨询有限公司and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected repre sentatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to governm ent. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites inproviding information or in arranging meetings simply because an individu al or group provides acampaign donation or a personal gift . This type of integrity requires w ell-enforced laws ingovernment transparency, such as reco rds of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informationabout each elected leader’江西研视界教育咨询有限公司s sources of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fa n public perceptions of corruption. But it is not alwayscorruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different type s of access for averagepeople and the wealthy. If connectio ns can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society---thatall are equal in treatment by gover nment---is undermined. Good governance rests on anunderstanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’江西研视界教育咨询有限公司s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption an d officialfavoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1) mos t probably shows that the courtA avoided defining the extent of Mc Donnell’s duties.B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.D refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37 According to Paragraph 4, an off江西研视界教育咨询有限公司icial act is deemed corruptive only if it involvesA concrete returns for gift-givers.B sizable gains in the form of gif ts.C leaking secrets intentionally.D breaking contracts officially.38 The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials areA allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.B qualified to deal independently wi th bureaucratic issues.C justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司D exempt from conviction on the cha rge of favoritism.39Well-enforced laws in government tr ansparency are needed toA awaken the conscience of officials .B guarantee fair play in official a ccess.Callow for certain kinds of lobbying .D inspire hopes in average people.40 The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling isA sarcastic.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司B tolerant.C skepticalD supportiveText4【答案】36.【B】made no compromise in convicting McD onnell37.【A】concrete returns for the gift-givers 38.【A】allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters39.【B】guarantee fair play in official acce ss40.【D】supportive江西研视界教育咨询有限公司Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given i n a wrong order. For questions 41-4 5, you are required torecognize these paragraphs into a co herent text by choosing from the li st A-G and filling them intothe numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark you answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A D inner at Polar Walk”brought tears江西研视界教育咨询有限公司to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appearedunder the pen name “Boz”in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a mode st reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwi ck Papers, as it is generally known today, securedDickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats a nd Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacledhero,Samuel Pickwick, became a nation al figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appear ed, a publishing firm approached Dic江西研视界教育咨询有限公司kens to write a story inmonthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the th en-famous artist RobertSeymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickenssuccessfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment,Dickens wrote to his pose .Seymour made the change,went into h is backyard, andexpressed his displeasure by committi ng suicide. Dickens and his publishe rs simply pressed onwith a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickw江西研视界教育咨询有限公司ick Club, appearedserially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the b est-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelistof the 19th century. A moralist, sa tirist, and social reformer, Dickens cafted complex plots andstriking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get on even better job later as a cour。
2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题+试题答案详解
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"1 helping you feel close and2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A]recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of 17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests haveerupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Somerelatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked himto correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] Besides【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。
(完整版)2017考研英语一真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!”_____(1）helping you feel close and _____（2)to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____(3)of health benefits to your body and mind。
Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults， researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____(6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8)with a cold，and the researchers_____(9）that the stress—reducing effects of hugging _____(10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____(11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12).”Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that’s usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen， a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16)difficulty.”Some experts_____（17）the stress—reducing, health—related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin，often called "the bonding hormone”_____（18）it promotesattachment in relationships， including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream。
1994—2017年历年考研英语真题集含答案
1994—2017年历年考研英语真题集含答案2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology.1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6. A．on B．in C．at D．of7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8. A．along B．across C．down D．out9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errorsD．tests13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．generate C．moderate D．record16. A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influences1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite【答案】A【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。