词汇学相关的一些名词解释

Compounding is a process of word formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. The word formed in this way is called compound

Blending is a process of word formation by which a word is created by combining parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending:

Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words.

Initialisms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as lettersEEC: European Economic Community

Acronyms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as words:OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Export Countries

According to Leonard Bloomfield's point of view, a word is a minimum free form, that is to say, the smallest form that may appear in isolation.

There are two types of linguistic forms: one is the bound form, the other is the free form.

A bound form is one which cannot occur on its own as a separate word, e.g. the various affixes: de-, -tion, -ize, etc.

A free form is one which can occur as a separate word. For example, the word lovely contains the free form love and the suffix -ly.

The suffix -ly in the word lovely, of course, is not a free form, because it cannot stand by itself. So we call it a bound form.

A word is a minimum free form

The morpheme can be considered as the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 1) Morphemes are commonly classified into two forms according to their character: one is free form, and the other is bound form.

2) Free morphemes 自由词素are morphemes which can occur as separate words. That is to say,

a free morpheme can stand alone as a word.

3) Bound morphemes粘着词素are morphemes which cannot stand alone as words. They are mainly affixes. That is to say, a bound morpheme is one that must appear with at least one other morpheme, bound or free in a word.

4) 2) Morphemes may be classified into two categories according to their lexical and grammatical relationships:

5) lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemesLexical morphemes are morphemes used for the construction of new words as in compound words

Grammatical morphemes are morphemes used to express grammatical relationships between a word and its context, such as plurality or past tense

There are three types of words according to morphology: Simple words,Compound words,Complex words

Conversion

Conversion is a main type of word-formation assigning the base to a different word class with no change of form. For example, the verb release is converted to the noun release.