第二讲 定语从句
商务英语翻译(第二讲)
investment in the infrastructure industry will not (at least in the short term) bring high economic
benefits.③ It is imperative to orient the investment to enterprises with better economic benefits, but
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• 如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条所作的陈述或担保，则另一方除 根据本合同或使用法律寻求任何可能的其他救济之外，违约方应当 赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违约行为而招致的任何损失、损害、 费用、开支、责任或索赔。
• （分析：英语合同文本中的长句首先要仔细分析句子的内部结构， 判断句子是简单句、并列句、复合句，还是并列复合句。其次是找 出句中的主要成分，即主语和谓语动词。）
• 例2： Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen come there by specific request.
• 在线文化赞赏这样的主张：不经用户特别请求，别把广告发到用户 的屏幕上。
• 例： Monetarists, led by University of Chicago Professor Emeritus Friedman armed themselves with evidence showing that free markets on their own produce as much growth and employment as an economy can sustain.
英文语法要点
英文语法要点·第一讲：词类、名词的数与格·第二讲：动词、五个基本句型、动词的时态和语态·第三讲：句子的连接、并列复合句、状语从句·第四讲：定语从句、名词性从句·第五讲：动词非谓语形式·第六讲：虚拟语气·第七讲：倒装、省略、强调、语序第一讲：词类、名词的数与格一、词类：英语中主要有：名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、冠词等。
对于初学者，必须搞清。
1、名词（包括代词和数词）：在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和另一名词的形容词。
2、动词：见第二讲3、形容词：可在句子中作表语(be之后的)、名词的定语注意：以下-ly结尾的词不是副词，是形容词：friendly （友好的）lovely（可爱的）deadly（致命的）costly（昂贵的）likely（可能的）lonely（孤独的）alone （单独的）lively（活泼的）ugly（丑陋的）kindly（和蔼的）manly（男子气的）等4、副词：主要用来说明动词、形容词和副词本身。
注意：除了in, up, down, on, inside, outside. 等只有一些表示方向和位置的副词外，副词不能作表语。
例如：Please help me water these flowers when I am out. (我不在时请帮我浇浇花。
)5、介词：又称前置词，即放在名词前面的"小词"。
注意：1）介词后面一定是个名词（除习惯外），例如不能说：because of ill，而应该为：because of illness；2）介词后面不能跟that从句，即只能跟名词或带-wh开头的从句，这是英语语法的一条重要规则，如不能说：He did not come tothe party because of he was ill. 但可以是：She got angry because of what hesaid. (她因他的话而生气了。
高中英语高考届高考英语人教版通用专题复习课件 策略三 第二讲 两种不容忽视的句——并列句和三大从句
4．[2020·河北省衡水中学高三下学期e weight on high-protein diets in the short-term but this weight loss is not due to eating more animal protein, ________ simply due to consuming fewer calories.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句的引导词。 分析句子结 构可知， 空格处引导定语从句， 先行词为campaign, 空格处在从 句中作地点状语， 故填where。
8．[2020·甘肃第一次诊断]This is the reason ________ Jennifer and her colleagues have called for a global pause in any clinical application of the CRISPR technology in human embryos to give us time to really consider all of the various results of doing so.
答案与解析：so 考查连词。句意：生活并不完美，而且总 是充满艰辛，因此我们在生活中需要朋友、作家、博主、牧师或 者我们自己内心的提醒，从而使自己重新关注那些重要的和可以 让我们积极生活的事情。根据句意可知，设空处前后为因果关 系。
1．确定填并列连词 无提示词，设空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、 短语等，而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关 系，应填并列连词。
第一讲.定语从句练习题
第二讲、定语从句练习题一、分项练习：作主语1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which2. All the apples ____ fell down from the trees were eaten by the pigs.A. whichB. /C. thatD. they作宾语1. –Do you have anything to say for yourself?- Y es, there is one point ___ we must insist on. (江西高考)A. whyB. where C how D. /2. The Beatles, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (天津高考)A. whatB. thatC. howD. as作定语1. Children who are not active or ___ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(北京高考)A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that2. In China, the number of cities is increasing ___ development is recognized across the world. (重庆高考)A．where B. which C. whose D. that3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ___ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose作状语1. – Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?- Y ou should try the barber’s ___ I go. It’s only 15. (天津高考)A. asB. whichC. whereD. that2. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister __ she would stay for an hour. (江西高考)A. whereB. whoC. whichD. what3. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently. (福建高考)A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where4. Occasions are quite rare __ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (山东高考)A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when介词+关系代词1. He was educated at the local high school, __ he went on to Beijing University. (江苏高考)A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs __ they are being trained. (江西高考)A. in thatB. for thatC. in whichD. for which3. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognized who she was, she had run in the direction __ she had come. (重庆高考)A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which分项练习keys：主语keys: 1.A 2.B 宾语keys: 1.D 2.D 定语keys: 1.B 2.C 3.D状语keys: 1.C 2. A 3.D 4.D 介词+关系词keys: 1.A 2.C 3.D二、综合练习1. Anyone ___ has been to China thinks highly of the Great Wall.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. as2. Every doctor and every nurse is asked to go to the place ___ the poor lived.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. to which3. She is a girl___. She will never let you down.A. you can believeB. you can believe inC. you can have trust onD. whom you have belief.4. He asked a lot of questions, most of ___ had nothing to do with his lessons.A. thatB. whichC. itD. what5. I wrote an essay, ____ I’ve forgotten.A. which titleB. whose the titleC. the title of whichD. of which title6. I have finished reading a large part of the book, ___ is more difficult.A. the otherB. the restC. the other partD. the rest of which7. I will never forget the days___ I stayed in your beautiful country.A. on whichB. in whichC. thatD. for which8. September 11, 2001 is the day __ we’ll never forget.A. on whichB. in whichC. thatD. for which9. That’s the new machine ___ parts are too small to be seen.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what10. The newly- built café, the walls of ___ are painted light green, is really a beautiful place for us, especially after hard work.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which11. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,__ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that12. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ___ they can be controlled on purpose.A with which B. to which C. of which D. for which13. Jim passed the driving test, ___ surprised everybody in the office.A. whichB. thatC. thisD. it14. We’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk.A. whereB. thatC. when D . which综合练习keys：1-5：BBBBC 6-10：DACCD 11-14：BBAA思考题：15. She’ll never forget her stay there ___ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川高考)A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when三、课后练习1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD. in which2.Do you know the man _______?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _______last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8.This is one of the best films _______.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose14 Jack is ___ who knows how to work out the problem.A. one of the boysB. the only one of the boyC. not one of the boysD. the only one of the boys.15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him19.I don't like ______ as you read.A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of thatst summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A. why; thatB. that ;whyC. for that; thatD. for which; what32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A. thatB. which C .for which D. who33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./B. whichC. for which D: A and B34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which36.My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A. thatB. whichC. from thatD. from which38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A. /B. whyC. whenD. whose40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB. whichC. itD. though41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A. what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whoB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; which43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A. owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followedB. followingC. to followD. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A. which; whatB. through which; whatC. through that; whatD. what; that47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A. asB. thatC. whatD. who49. I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well.A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of whichD. none of which50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A. are beingB. has beenC. had beenD. have been课后练习Keys：1-5：ACDCA6-10 CAAAA11-15CDDDD16-20 DBBCB 21-25 DCDAA26-30CADDB31-35ABADC 36-40 BDDAB 41-45ADCDA46-50 BBACB。
语法专讲之从句-人教版
语法专讲之从句-人教版第一讲名词性从句1．主语从句（1）引导主语从句的关联代词不达意和关联副词如下：who, what, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why例：What you need is more practice.When we shall have our meeting is still a question.Who will go to the conference is not important.(2)形式主语it主语从句可以放在句子后部，而用it 作形式主语放在句首，尤其是连词that 引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。
即：it +be+adj.+that-clause。
但是，what, whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句一般不后置。
例：It is certain(that) he will come.It’s a pity(that)you missed such a good journey.It won’t make too much difference when we will start.(3) what和that引导的主语从句的区别：what作为关联代词，引导主语从句时，在从句中必须充当句子成分；而that作为连词，引阳主语从句时，其本身没有实际的意义，不充当句子成分，在句首时不能省略。
例：What I want to know is your address.That they ask for better living and working conditions is right.要特别注意连词that 用于其中的这种句型：It + be +p.p. + that-clause 例如：It is said that in China there are 50 million people with disabilities.It is hoped that the blacks will have equal rights.(4)whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句：whatever, 相当于anything that, 是 what 的强调形式，表示“什么都，任何的事或物”。
高考英语语法
第一章 高考英语语法第一讲 英语语法原来可以这样记——句法结构 第二讲 审时度态——时态语态难点讲解第三讲 四步搞定定语从句——定语从句解题技巧 第四讲 帮你理清“情与态”——情态动词重点讲解 第五讲 让难点成为你的得分点——非谓语重点讲解 第六讲 从句实战演练 I 第七讲 从句实战演练 II 第八讲情态动词实战演练一、英语语法原来可以这样记句法结构两个问题：高中英语语法体系为什么这样分？高中英语语法体系怎么记？语法表象语言实质表达需求语言语法体系先语言 后语法语法体系语言表达需求“我要你手里的桃子”Peach!词动词简单句词：主谓一致 句：并列句情态动词 复合句 时态语态 特殊句型 非谓语一个动词对应一个句号——简单句I want your peach.讨论一个句号对应多个动词的可能。
并列句 句号的替代品连接词She took my peach and rushed into the trees.并列句 句号的替代品连接词She took my peach and rushed into the trees 。
but, or, while …真题演练：--English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?--Yes. ______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read andcommunicate.(2004 上海）Ａ．Know Ｂ．Knowing Ｃ．To know Ｄ．Known--English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?--Yes. ______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read andcommunicate.(2004 上海）Ａ．Know Ｂ．Knowing Ｃ．To know Ｄ．Known--English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?--Yes. ______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read andcommunicate.(2004 上海）Ａ．Know Ｂ．Knowing简单句动词 词词动词简单句并列句Ｃ．To knowＤ．Known从属于主句的句子从句从句 句从词来判断从句的类型状语从句时间，地点，原因，条件，让步词简单句动词从句连接词从句 并列句 句子 句子 句子 形容词 名词 副词定语从句 名词从句 状语从句引导词从句V目的、结果，比较状语从句时间，地点，原因，条件，让步目的、结果，比较状语从句时间，地点，原因，条件，让步目的、结果，比较状语从句时间，地点，原因，条件，让步目的、结果，比较状语从句为什么“because”和“so”不能连用？从句为什么“because”和“so”不能连用？Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more.为什么“because”和“so”不能连用？Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more.为什么“because”和“so”不能连用？Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more. 简单句并列句连接词简单句从句引导词为什么“because”和“so”不能连用？Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more. 两个从句，没有主句。
高考写作讲解：句式要高级,句子要鲜活
第二讲句式要高级，句子要鲜活句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。
精彩句式的合理使用会使文章极具可读性。
考生在写作时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！[策略1]特殊句式，风景独好写作中，如果考生能够使用强调句、倒装句、省略句、感叹句等特殊句式，不仅能彰显考生的英语水平，还能提升写作档次。
1．运用强调句①(2019·太原模拟书面表达)With your generous help, I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.→It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I believe hard work will pay off!→I do believe hard work will pay off!2．运用倒装句(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The game is so significant that it is required that everyone should be present punctually.→So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should be present punctually.3．运用虚拟语气If you should accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to your satisfaction.→Should you accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to your satisfaction.4．运用省略句(2019·昆明高三摸底调研书面表达)While we travel along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.→While travelling along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.5．it 句型①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)First of all, bear it in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time, which is of great significance to show your politeness.(it作形式宾语)②(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.(it作形式主语)[策略2]三大句式，编排巧妙1.增加亮点的定语从句定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，或者把并列句改为含有定语从句的复合句，这些都能为文章增加亮点。
高考英语作文技法：写作第一编第二讲正确使用并列句与复合句
第二讲正确使用并列句与复合句增分句型(一)独立又相依的并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，这种简单句常被叫做分句。
并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系，通常用并列连词连接起来。
并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。
它的基本模式是：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句(一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词stars.一半的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为她们的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜欢体育明星。
②(2018·北京高考书面表达)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijing, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难，因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.那天不仅会有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪纸作品展出，而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)If you're interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345@ or you can sign up in person.如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345@或亲自报名。
⑤(2017·北京高考书面表达)Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。
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第二讲 定语从句 定语从句是高考的重点和热点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面： ①正确使用关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why) ②介词＋ which/whom引导的定语从句 ③that不能引导非限制性定语从句
考点1 概念 1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。 This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词) 这是值得参观的地方。 Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语) 许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子) 我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。 2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。 Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very. ↓ 代指Beijing，在从句中作主语 beautiful city. 考点2 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达 不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开 可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that 关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略 关系代词不可以省略
关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代 关系代词不能替代
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子
既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，
有逗号分开，只能由which, who或as引导 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人长寿。 (限制性定语从句，说明要长寿需进行体育锻炼。先行词是people，若把从句who take physical exercise去掉，句子就失去所表达的意义“进行体育锻炼的人”) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 (非限制性定语从句，who is in Boston now对先行词daughter进行补充说明，若把其去掉，主句意义“他的女儿下周将来家”仍然完整)
单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and
early deaths from all causes.(2018·全国卷I语法填空) ②Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which__is not good for the health.(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) ③昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点儿也不知道。(限制性定语从句) I__know__nothing__that__happened__last__night. ④他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。(非限制性定语从句)
考点3 正确使用关系词 1.关系代词 关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(＝of whom/ of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语
Do you know the man that/whom Mr.White introduced just now? 怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？ Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer. 我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。 【名师指津】 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad. 汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。 Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。 2．关系副词 关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when (＝in/at/on/...＋which) 时间 时间状语 where (＝in/at/on/...＋which) 地点 地点状语 why(＝for which) 原因 原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)
第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。 The school where (at which) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 那所学校离这里有3 千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。 There are various reasons (for which) why people write poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的理由。 【名师指津】 先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 单句语法填空 ①In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空) ②Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals
to the spacecraft and to earth.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) ③Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am. to 5 pm. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which__she opened with her late husband Les.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空) ④They were well trained by their masters who__that had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空) ⑤On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.(2019·浙江卷语法填空) ⑥The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.(2019·北京卷语法填空) 3．“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津
介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 和whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换 The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 4．as, which与that的用法区别 (1)七种只用that而不用which的情况