上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案
上海中学2016学年高三英语期中考试试卷17. Roman Empire ________ for centuries.A.has existedB. existedC. had existedD. was existedrge quantities of petrol ________ used every year, causing a lot of pollution. What we need ________ green vehicles.A.is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is19.Out ________, with the ________ money in his hand.A.did he rush; remainedB. he was rushing; remainingC. rushed he; remainedD. he rushed; remaining20.________ like a set ting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.A.LookedB. LookingC. To lookD. Being looked21.________is known to all is that the invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.A.What; made it possibleB. As; made it possibleC. It; made possibleD. What; made possible22.So involved in making false accounting ________ that I don’t think this business partner is worthy ________.A.has he become; of being trustedB. he has become; to be trustedC. he becomes; to trustD. is he becoming; of trusting23.When we first arrived in ________ Detroit twenty years ago, the car production then was only one-tenth ________ it is now.A. what is now; whatB. where is now; asC. now is; thatD. which now is; than24.________ last week, she lived a quiet and happy life in that area.A.Not until the earth-moving machines cameB.The earth-moving machines cameC.Until the earth-moving machines cameD.Then came the earth-moving machines(A)Vegetarians are people who don’t eat any animals. In the past, vegetarians was uncommon, but recently more and more people are choosing a vegetarian diet. In the USA alone there are about 13 million people ____25____ (call) themselves vegetarians and that number is expected to reach 25 million by the year 2015. There are many reasons why people think it makes sense not ____26____ (eat) animals. They can be related to religion, health, ethical or ecological concerns.People with a religious background avoid eating meat. Buddhists believe that human beings ____27____ not kill animals. Muslims and Jews don’t have pork. Some people are becoming worried about the safety of eating meat because of the way it is farmed. Certain chemicals are used to make animals grow fast and many animals are fed food ____28____ is not part of their natural diet.Another reason for choosing to give up meat is ____29____ they consider farming animals for food is wrong and that animals have rights to live on as man does.The last major reason is ecological. Raising animals wastes natural resources ____30____ (fast) than growing crops. Much rainforest has been cleared to make farmland to raise animals for food.Human beings have always eaten meat, ____31____ there is a growing movement towards vegetarianism. ____32____ the reason you have for not eating meat, vegetarianism can make much sense.(B)Type the words “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” into an online search engine and in less than a second you will be looking at a sparkling vista of trees erupting in a starburst of pale blossom like an ____33____ (explode) firework. The phrase is the title of an Impressionist oil painting by the French master Claude Monet that belongs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. According to the museum’s website, the painting ____34____ (complete) in 1873 in Argenteuil, France. Signed and dated “73 Claude Monet” in the lower left corner, it ____35____ (measure) almost 1m wide and 62cm high. In 1903, ____36____ it was known as Apple Blossoms, it was bought for $2,100 by the New York art dealership Knoedler & Co. The Met acquired it in 1926.Information like this is typical of the insights that museums commonly provide about artworks in their collections. Dates, dimensions, provenance: these are the bread and butter of scholarship and art history.But by offering details about pictures ____37____ this manner, are museums fundamentally missing the point of ____38____ art is all about? One man who believes ____39____ are is the British philosopher Alain de Botton. “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” is exactly the sort of picture ____40____________ de Botton is referring: peaceful, untroubled, and reminding people of a simple pleasure of life. Yet, the Metropolitan avoids tackling any of this. Reading the online label, you would never guess that Monet had the power to summon pleasurable and soothing emotions such as these.George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class country under the sun”. Britons are surprisingly ____41____ to class - both their own and that of others. Almost everything else in England is about class and this aspect is frequently ____42____ of by other cultures.Mondeo-test is a good ____43____. Mention the Ford Mendeo to middle-class or upper-middle classes and they will sneeringly remark on it as something belonging to an insurance salesman. Some upper-middles may be too polite to laugh out loud, so you have to wash their faces carefully for the characteristics moue(撅嘴) of distaste that will be ____44____ by the word ‘Mondeo’. In other words, lower-class is associated with this car. Mercedes Benz tells another story. Upper-middle class people in respectable professions, such as barristers, doctors, civil servants and senior army officers turn up their noses at the ____45____ world. In their mind, vulgar rich business people drive the ‘Merc’. They might well drive a top-of-the range Audi, which costs about the same as a big Mercedes, but is regarded as more elegantly ____46____.The unwritten class rules involved in car care are even more ____47____ than those governing choice of car. The English will gauge your social rank by the appearance and condition of your car, which may be sending out even more powerful class ____48____ than the car mode. Dirty cars are connected with both the highest and lowest ends of the social ____49____, clean cars with the middle ranks. Do you wash and polish the car yourself ____50____ every weekend, in the driveway or the street outside your house? Then you are almost certainly lower-middle.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give ____51____ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber when they are ____52____ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate ____53____ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peer s.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are ____54____ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become ____55____ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as econ omics, ____56____ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a ____57____ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can ____58____ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business ____59____ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like ____60____, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, ____61____ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are ____62____ about others, not only themselves. ____63____, within economics courses, we should do a better job ____64____ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values - including helping others.Until then we may be dooming students and society to a fate foreshadowed by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. Calling economists “rational fools,” Sen observed: “The purely economic man is indeed ____65____ to being a social moron(傻子).”51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. resistant B. familiar C. eager D. closeASir William Osler has a few words for you: “In the Life of a young man, the most essential thing for happiness is the gift of friendship.” Truer words were never spoken. For what more could you ask than comradeship during the peaks and valleys of life? To whom else but a close, valuable friend can you show off your successes and complain about your failures or losses?What is a “good friend”? How is he best described? Well, it has been my observation that although many will cry with you, few can sincerely rejoice (欣喜) with you. Therefore, in my opinion, a good friend is one who can enjoy your successes without envy; one who can say, “That was wonderful! You can do it again, even better if you want!” and mean it. Nothing taxes a friendship more than the success of one and not the other. Even the closest of friendships often cannot resist such pressure and fail. No wonder many minor friendships go down day by day for the same reason.A person of good character and sound moral, of honor and humor, of courage and belief is a friend to be sought and treasured —for there are few. Too often we hear, “If you can count your good friends on more than one hand, consider yourself blessed.”And even then I would add, “Even if you have lost two fingers of that hand to the electric saw.What makes a friendship last? Well, I don’t know all the answers, but one of my observationsis that most good friends usually have similar tastes. They generally like and dislike many of the same things. There also usually seems to exist a similarity of personality types - especially in the fundamental values of life such as honesty, sincerity, loyalty, and dependability. More often than not, birds of a feather do fly together. I don’t think it matters a lot whet her one prefers jazz or hockey to another’s Mozart or ballet. Much other matters far more: relying, sharing, giving, getting, enjoying; a sympathetic ear always there; criticism when it can help; praise - even if only because it would help. With not many people on this earth will you find this much in common. When you find one, hang on to him, for a good friend found is a rare treasure.66. The function of Paragraph 1 is to introduce ________.A. a famous sayingB. the topic for discussionC. a famous personD. two different attitudes67. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph two?A. People don’t have to pay taxes to develop friendship with others.B. Success of one person can promote his friendship with others.C. Friendship can be affected by the difference in success between friends.D. Nothing can affect friendship because it has gone through the peaks and valleys of life.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph three ?A. One is lucky to have many friends.B. A friend should have a good character.C. We should count our friends on more than one hand.D. A true friend should be treasured because there are few.69. According to the passage, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in a long-lasting friendship?A. Hobbies.B. Tastes.C. Personality.D. Sympathy.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help otherscan gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.70. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is________.A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity71. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.72. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.73. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers.D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.CSome of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themse lves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soya beans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially fo cused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.74. What does the author try to draw attention to?A. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. News headlines in the leading media.C. The decline of the grain yield growth.D. The food supply in populous countries.75. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.76. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B. They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C. They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D. They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.77. What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A. The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D. The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. `78` Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. `79` For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”`80` You might re present each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. `81` For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.1.屡次发生的天灾人祸使许多无辜的人丧失生命。
2017年上海中学高三英语练习卷一
高三英语练习卷一Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A. Blank filling（10’）Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of ___21___（widely）held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means ___22___（step）off the pavement into a busy street. If you ___23___ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed ___24___ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house---it will ___25___ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover, ___26___ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls ___27___ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to ___28___（originate）in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, ___29___ ___29___ they are often associated witchcraft（巫术）. It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path---although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is ___30___ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood？”Section B（10’）Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be“Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a“new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a ___31___ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; in Letters from an American Farmer(1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered（无拘无束）and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where“the rewards of a man’s ___32___ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and ___33___ national expansion into the western territories.Our national historical story is full of ___34___ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from ___35___ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The ___36___ for success haunts （萦绕于）us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even ___37___ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success ___38___ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in ___39___ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe ___40___ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection A Cloze（30’）Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.（A）The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ___41___ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ___42___ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and ___43___ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all ___44___ the“Starbucks Experience.”Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the“Starbucks Experience”, ___45___ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.___46___ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ___47___ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ___48___ to creating for its customers---a kind of“third place”where they can ___49___, reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ___50___ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ___51___ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black and white only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ___52___: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think,through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets, ___53___ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the“Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ___54___ life.But the ___55___ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on46. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. dultivates52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. vision（B）Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives, But, what if science can ___56___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, Memory is an incredibly complex____57___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___58___.In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___59___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___60___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren't available?Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___61___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___62___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is changed a little, reflecting your ___63___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___64___ and imagination, which means that the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___65___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer（服药）theprotein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___66___ removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. ___67___, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___68___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would ware for a shock and ___69___ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___70___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous64. A. terrified B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearful试卷二Section B: Passages（40’）Directions：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B, C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in LeLecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just onepicture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1. According to the author, the woman was probably_______.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _________.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a romantic encounter with a stranger（B）A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in theLower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse are available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30–minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.5. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in this Globe on weekends.B. The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.C. You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get turoring for your language studies.D. If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.7. What’s the function of the TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus tours.C. To take students to the Mattson Center.D. To transport students to and from the stores.（C）Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people?According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage-even at 20 percent over-may be considerable.So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours aday in front of a TV set-along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack--and there’s a ear or two in every driveway."There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖) as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on overeating and laziness."If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? Ture, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can eliminate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.8. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that______.A．the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.B．people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.C．being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.D．the overweight problem has long been studied.9. By saying“So are the attendant health risks,”the author means _____.A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.10. What does William Dietz think of obesity?A. It should be treated as a public health problem.B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.11. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.C. It’s a rather challenging task for Americans to lose weight.D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.12. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needs to ___.A. be taught to prevent gaining weightB. be educated to lose weight effectivelyC. seek help from consumer informationD. know what makes a healthy dinner.（D）In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the George that most people remember from their history books, a boy who was ashamed of chopping down his father’s favorite cherry tree, But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises（妥协）made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong--and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered（束缚）by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. ’The southern states would not have signed the Constitution（宪法）without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a term that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.13. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ______.A. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.B. demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C. stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. historyD. reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic.14. We may infer from the second paragraph that _____.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.D. Political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.15. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.（E）Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.17. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may______.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician。
上海市普陀区曹阳中学2017届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案
上海市曹杨中学2016学年第一学期期中质量调研高三年级英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is a serious infection that man receives.21_____________(widespread) mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses 22_____________(pass) on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in separated Arctic (北极的) areas, explorers have reported being free from colds 23_____________ touching again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail 24_____________(drop) from airplanes.During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, seldom caught colds.In the Second World War, prisoners at the Notorious Auschwitz Concentration Camp were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments 25_____________ they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day 26_____________ others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold 27_____________ a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? 28_____________ the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one 29_____________(find) a cure for the cold so far. There are drugs and pain-killers 30_____________ _____________ aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms. Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The area of child psychology is one of the most significant and well studied of all the branches of psychology. It aims to help with ____31____ a greater understanding of the behavior of children through an understanding of their minds. It deals with children who range from the prenatal(出生前的)stage right up to the stage of ____32____.The psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) has been ____33____ with making a major breakthrough in this area when he put forward his idea that children were not actually less intelligent than adults, rather they just thought in a different way. Preciously the development of children right from birth through to adulthood was an area that was almost completely ____34____. In fact very little work was done in this area. However, interest in this field has now developed to the point of being one of the most ____35____ of all the areas of psychology.Despite popular belief that factors such as ____36____ or personal characteristics are the only determining factors that influence a youth’s behavior, this is not in fact the case. In reality, development actually includes many more factors than those contained within an individual. Factors such as environment, which can include social relationships and the ____37____ culture, also play important roles. Relationships with both ____38____ and adults will no doubt affect how children think and learn, and therefore develop. These relationships can include those that are found not only within families but also in schools and peer groups.Culturally speaking, this factor will contribute greatly to how children develop their personality ____39____ the values they end up holding (perhaps for a lifetime) as well as how they view such things as traditions and customs.Nowadays, psychologists have agreed that a child’s psychology is b oth ____40____ and highly complex. However, there are debates on many different points in this field and many viewpoints exist.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.With the sudden urge for social engagements in the modern world, many events and activities are being promoted to attract teens and adults. While adults feel out of place in a space filled with younger aged teens, often times, teens find themselves having to ____41____ between two extremes being presented by the society. Either teens decide to attend these events and are heavily pressured to “take just one sip”, or ____42____ in the popular act of drinking. Promoters havebecome so eager to have a successful event that the age of teenagers is totally disregarded. The legal drinking age is currently eighteen, but illegally drinking age is as low as zero. Most people have their first drink by the time they’re 13. Unbelievably, that first drink can be the ____43____ of a troubled life.A few reasons for teens drinking are peer pressure, enjoyment, ____44____, sadness, boredom, rebellion and insomnia. But the main reason for doing so is “to ____45____ the law.” Teenagers become ____46____ with alcoholic beverages from the moment they enter high school. That means that a large quantity of teens under the age of seventeen to eighteen have used alcohol before. Teens feel as though drinking before the legal age is a big deal, so they all try to ____47____the rest of the ‘legal’ society. Being a ____48____ and not following the rules is an important role of a teen’s life, though no one wants to face the consequences of being an adul t.Despite the fact that is illegal for young teens to purchase alcohol, they are able to get it through their parent’s own liquor cabinets, ____49____ store clerks, or older friends who purchase it for them. As we all see, it is not hard for teens to obtain alcohol. Since there seems to be no elimination of under aged teen drinking in society, why then not just ____50____ the drinking age? Drinking can make teens “feel good”, but this feeling lasts only for a short time. Teenagers on shows like “Gossip Girl” get drunk regularly, but those shows rarely ____51____ the problems alcohol can cause. Teenagers often think that drinking will give you more energy, but ____52____ isn’t an energy drink; it’s a depressant. Alcohol ____53____ damages the brain and body, and for this to happen at a very young age, is saddening. Drinking stimulates poorly made decisions by tens, and ____54____, many teens end up pregnant, dropping out of school. They may even get hurt or ____55____ in severe accidents caused by their being drunk.41．A．cause B．choose C．avoid D．witness 42．A．pick up B．deal with C．fight against D．engage in 43．A．excuse B．start C．symbol D．meaning 44．A．anxiety B．disorder C．imitation D．lifestyle 45．A．observe B．resist C．break D．invent 46．A．busy B．content C．honest D．familiar47．A．Fit in with B．Make up for C．Catch up with D．Hold on to 48．A．follower B．supporter C．lawyer D．rebel 49．A．illegal B．irresponsible C．forgetful D．unsatisfactory 50．A．report B．lower C．raise D．eliminate 51．A．solve B．blame C．explore D．assume 52．A．water B．wine C．liquor D．alcohol 53．A．constantly B．actually C．exactly D．unexpectedly 54．A．As a result B．In return C．On the contrary D．After all55．A．arrested B．cheated C．disturbed D．killedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once upon a time it was boarding school adventures and mysteries solved by tweed-wearing detectives that fired young readers’ imaginations. Now, it seems that it is the promise of tales of blood sucking vampires, unstoppable zombies, howling werewolves and terrifying beasts that inspires young audiences to pick up a book.Teen horror is a genre that seems to be going from strength to strength, with titles like The Demonata and The Saga of Larten Crepsey by Irish born writer, Darren Shan, topping the charts. Indeed Darren Shan’s success has earned him the title of “Master of Children’s Horror” and his books, which also include The Thin Executioner and the vampire series The Saga of Darren Shan, have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide.But what is it about horror fiction that so appeals to young readers, and just how scary do they like it?“I think horror allows teenagers to focus on real-life issues in a fantastical way, helping them analyse and make sense of the world as they are coming to a greater understanding of it,” s ays Darren. “In my book, Lord Loss, the main character’s parents and sister are slaughtered by demons. While that’s obviously not going to happen to anyone in the real world, many children will lose people they love during their formative years, whether it’s grandparents dying of old age, or friends or relatives in accidents. A book like this can hopefully help them prepare for when death strikes at them in real life. Good horror is always about helping us prepare for the darker aspects of life – and since we can’t avoid them, we might as well turn them into entertainment!”Darren tours frequently, attending events in schools and libraries, and talking to young readers helps him gauge what they can and can’t take in terms of frightening content. He explains: “When I’m writing an especially terrible scene, I imagine myself reading it out in a live environment, and ask myself if I would feel comfortable doing so. If not, I’ll go back and tweak the scene. I have no set formula for deciding what is suitable and what is not. I simply go with my gut instinct.”56. What is the point of the article?A. To recommend some popular horror books.B. To analyze why horror fiction fascinates young people.C. To explore how horror fiction benefits young readers.D. To introduce how Darren creates horror books.57. The underlined phrase “going from strength to strength” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaningto ______.A. becoming increasingly successfulB. improving imaginationC. getting darker and scarierD. failing to attract attention58. Darren Shan thinks that his books interest young people because ______.A. they are exciting and inspiringB. they are about the darker aspects of lifeC. they deal with real-life issues in a fanciful wayD. they teach people how to deal with real-life problems59. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A. Teenagers feel comfortable with Darren’s imagination.B. The more frightening a book is, the better it sells.C. Darren visits schools from time to time to promote his books.D. Darren sometimes changes his stories to make them less scary.(B)60. Which of the following groups is the advertisement NOT intended for?A. Social clubs.B. Businesses.C. Families.D. Large groups.61. What advantages do you get from having one of the Gift Cards?a. You get further discount on bulk purchases.b. Your card is preloaded with a certain amount of cash.c. You get the best discounts among the three promotions.d. The cards can be used in many cinemas.A. a, bB. b, cC. c, dD. b, d62. What do the three promotions have in common?A. They all have a minimum purchase.B. They are all valid for 12 months.C. They all need to be ordered ahead of time.D. They can all be used on tickets and food63. In which of the following circumstances may a firm owner NOT consider bulk ticket purchases?A. His customers usually don’t place big orders.B. He hopes to be admitted into a social club soon.C. He hopes his customers will always pay in time.D. His sales staff cooperate well and perform perfectly.(C)Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. “If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to modern times, he or she would be one of the brightest amongus,” Crabtree told The Guardian.At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture, when our ancestors began to live in dense farming communities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak condition gradually reduced.This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going – you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework; the pressure of looking pretty prompts you to lose weight when summer comes. And the same is also true of our intelligence – if we think less, we become less smart.These mutations(变异) are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past 3,000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2,000 to 5,000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence, there are two or more mutations in each of us.However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans may have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed a more diverse intelligence.F or example, spearing a tiger doesn’t necessarily require more brainpower than playing chess or writing a poem. Moreover, the power of modern education means a lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays.“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,” Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science. “But now we have people of his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”64. What is Crabtree’s recent finding according to the article?A．The Greeks from 1,000 BC could have been the smartest in human history.B. Our ancient ancestors had no better surviving abilities than we do nowadays.C. Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development ofintelligence.D. Humans have been getting steadily more intelligent since the invention of farming.65. According to Crabtree, ancient humans _______.A. had much more genes that determine human intelligenceB. were forced to be smart due to natural selection pressuresC. relied more on group intelligence than individual intelligenceD. developed a diverse intelligence to adapt to the harsh realities66. Some argue that Crabtree’s theory is false because they think _______.A. people today are under much more pressure than early humansB. it’s ridiculous to compare a hunter’s and a poet’s intelligenceC. modern education is far more advanced than ancient educationD. human intelligence nowadays is different from that of the distant past67. What is Thomas Hills’ attitude toward Crabtree’s theory?A. SupportiveB. UnfavourableC. WorriedD. Confused.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Second Life is an online imaginary world where a computer user can create a new self and experience a separate life. Second Life is similar to other popular "massively multiplayer online role-playing games." The company Linden Lab of San Francisco, California created Second Life in two thousand three.____67____Then he or she creates an electronic image, or animated character, called an avatar. Some people try to make their avatar look as close to their real self as possible. Other people change their sex or become an imaginary creature as their Second Life avatar.Once you have your avatar you become a "resident" of Second Life. ____68____Your avatar also can make friends with other Second Life avatars. Residents can go to school, own a business, even get married. But, there are also activities in Second Life that are impossible in the real world. For example, if you do not feel like walking to that park near your Second Life home, why not fly?____69____But it costs money to get other accounts and to buy land. The virtual world has its own currency, the Linden dollar. You use these to buy virtual clothes, property, entertainment and many other things. You can earn Linden dollars by working at a job. That unreal money has a real life value. About two hundred fifty Linden dollars are worth one American dollar.Second Life is popular among schools and businesses.Many universities have set upcampuses on the Web site. Many kinds of stores can also be found there. And, entertainers sometimes perform live on Second Life with their Second Life avatars.____70____It is said that the total number of residents is more than thirteen million from more than one hundred countries.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.A new study of 8000young people in the journal of health and social behavior shows that love can make adults live healthily and happily ,it is a bad thing for young people.puppy love may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.the study shows that girls become more depressed than boys,and younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is"loss of self".According to the study,even though boys would say"lose themselves in a romantic relationship",this"lose of self"is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feeling and opinions.they won't tell that to their parents.Dr. Marianm Kaufman,an expert on young people problems,say 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romantic often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romantic too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends,attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depression---eating or mood changes---and if they see signs from their daughter or son,they need to give help.The good news is that connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young,but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.第II卷（共47分）I. Translation（22分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.要过两个多月后我们才会放寒假。
2020届上海市七宝中学2017级高三上学期期中考试英语试卷及解析
2020届上海市七宝中学2017级高三上学期期中考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★Ⅱ. GrammarDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in he blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blanks with the proper form of the given word; for the blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.When I worked part-time in a local bookstore at my early age -- so easily - pictured, if you do not work in one, as a kind of paradise where not only ____1____ one read his own favorite books but also encounter charming young ladies (one of my personal fantasies) who browse eternally among Toni Morrison or Ernest Hemingwast thing that chiefly struck me was that really bookish people are a rarity, ____2____ there are vast numbers of those who consider themselves to be such. Often they will introduce themselves when they enter the bookshop ____3____ ‘book people’ and insist on telling you that ‘we love books’. They will wear T-shirts or carry bags with slogans explaining exactly how much they think they adore books. It is clear that the was they dress themselves is quite similar to that of us bookish people, but that is ____4____ the similarities between them and us begin and end. And ____5____ (sure) means of identifying them is that they never, ever buy books.These days it is so rare that I find time to read that, when I do, it feels like indulgence, more so than any, other sensory experience. When an important relationship in my twenties ____6____ (break) up the only thing I could do was to read, and I amassed a pile of books ___7___ I sank and escaped from the world around me and inside me. The landscapes of Yu Hua,Wang Shou, Ernest Hemingway, George Orwell, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Harper Lee and others protected me from my own thoughts, which were pushed into the background, where ___8___ could silently process without bothering me. I created a physical wall on my desk, ____9____ (make) from the books, and as I read them the wall slowly came down until it was gone.In a more real sense, books are the best way in which one enriches his own life and the enormous numbers of them out there in the world excite me, especially when I visit second-hand bookstores with no intention____10____ (search) for a certain book. It is like casting a net and never knowing what you will find when you gather it in. As Goglo put in it in Dead Souls: “Once, long ago, in the years of my youth, in the years of my childhood, which have flashed irretrievably（不能挽回地）by, it was a joy for me to drive for the very first time to a p lace unknown.”【答案】1. can 2. although3. as4. where5. the surest6. broke7. into which8. they 9. made10. to search【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
高中英语真题：2017届高三英语上学期期中试题_10
2017届高三英语上学期期中试题注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话, 每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置；听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
A. His wifeB. His bossC. Taxi driver2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Wait on the phoneB. Order the pizza onlineC. Dri ve to the pizza place3. What does the woman want to do?A. Make some coffeeB. Buy a coffee makerC. Lear n to make a video4. What will the man do at 3 o’clock on Friday?A. Go to classB. Meet the doctorC. Take the woman’s shift5. What does the man think of the lecture?A. ExcellentB. DifficultC. Boring第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2017-2018年上海市七宝中学高三第一学期期中英语试卷
2017-2018七宝中学高三第一学期期中试卷Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary(第二大题每小题1分。
共20分。
）Section ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese president Xi Jinping said yesterday that the central government will,21________ always,support the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in growing its economy and improving people's well-being.Xi was speaking on his arrival at Hong Kong International Airport for a three-day trip to attend celebrations 22________(mark)the 20h anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland and the inauguration of is fifth-term government.He will also inspect the HKSAR. Speaking23________ reporters,Xi said his Hong Kong tour would serve to express best wishes for the HKSAR,showcase the central government's support,and help the region plan its future.“I'm pleased 24________(set) foot in Hong Kong once again after nine years.“Xi said,“Hong Kong's development has always pulled at my heartstrings.”Xi congratulated the HKSAR on the great achievements 25_________,had made over the past 20 years since its establishment,and encouraged it to create "new glory.” The central government,which 26________(offer) its strong backing for Hong Kong over the past 20 years,will support the HKSAR in growing its economy and improving people's well-being,He also said he would be joining people from all walks of life in Hong Kong to review the city's extraordinary 20-year journey,sum up its experience and plan the future to ensure the smooth and long-term successful practice of 27 ________ “one country,two systems" policy. The trip is Xi's first to Hong Kong as Chinese president. Tomorrow's 20h anniversary will be an important 28________ joyous occasion for both the country and the city. The president added:"I believe that through the series of events 29 ________ (stay)in Hong Kong,our determination and confidence in developing and building a 30 ________(good) Hong Kong will surely be enhanced.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can onlyFrench multinational pharmaceutical and demo-cosmetics giant Pierre Fabre is reinforcing its Online 31 to expand its reach to customers in China.Bertrand Parmentier, CEO of Pierre Fabre Group,said tat global cosmetic markets are becoming more and more consumer-centric due o the digital 32________,which requires business to build direct relati onship with customers.“33________our proposition of values builds wit the offering of products, which was recommended and promoted by pharmacists or beauty advisors(in physical stores).Now.on top of these, the direct relationship with consumers is also veryimportant"Said Parmentie r.“it is a 34________in the habits of consumers.The new generation in China are digital natives.”he said.“These digital natives give us opportunities to establish regular relationships.”So far, the company, which35________ is online business in China in Sepember2015,has established partnerships with leading Chinese e-commerce platforms Tmall and JD.Parmentier 36________ Pierre Fabre is planning to embrace more online distribution platforms in China to maintain long-term growth.Although the group is expecting to 37________ more turnover online in China, Parmenier said it is not necessary to pit online and offline channels against one another,adding that the two are complementary.(互补）“That is why we do not have to37________ or shift from one to zero but we have to articulate (结合）online and offline strategies.Y ou have two legs and you have to combine the two. The Bdemand of Chinese consumers creates ample opportunities for cosmetic developers.In recent decades,almost all globally leading cosmetic brands have launched distribution in China.“The competition is fierce”,Parmentier said."Sticking to differentiation is the key 40C behind the company's development in the Chinese market.”Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension (45)Direetions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons.It is a very common,though normally temporary,41________ of a breakup,divorce,or loss of any important long-term relationship.In these cases,loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the 42________ from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a grief response;in this situation,one might feel lonely,even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive(破裂的）event,such as moving from one's home town into 43________communities leading to homesickness.Loneliness can also occur inplaces with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 44________.There are many different ways used to 45________ loneliness.The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy.Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks.During therapy,emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 46________the negative thoughts,feelings,and attitudes resulting from the problem,and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected.Some doctors also recommend 47________ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system.It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found.Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 48________ periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy.Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs,cats,rabbits,and guinea pigs can 49________ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers.Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 50________with other pet owners.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership,such as lowered blood pressure.In addition,someother alternative approaches may include exercise,dieting,etc,which many patients find have a 51________ effect on relieving symptoms.Results of a study also suggest that correcting manipulative social cognition(认知）offers the best chance of 52________ loneliness.Nevertheless,loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 53________process.In some people,temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression,for example,as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson,and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity,54________,it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 55________ creative activities.41.A,type B.concern C.consequence D.evidence42.A.withdrawal B.absence C.disappearance D.presencermal B.uncertain C.relevant D.unfamiliar44.A.turn to B.interact with C.long for D.share with45.A.release B.observe C.monitor D.treat46.A.reversing B.directing C.measuring D.pursuing47.A.long-term B.sightseeing C.patient D.group48.A.quit B.evolve C.switch D.exercise49.A.confirm B.protest C.enhance D.ease50.A.socializing B.interfering paring D.coping51.A.historic B.restorative C.decisive D.permanent52.A.promoting B.enhancing C.reducing D.striving53.A.creative B.musical C.artistic D.poetic54.A.however B.therefore C.rather D.otherwise55.A.restricted to B.engaged in C.concerned about D.altered byB:Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes,how have Japan's tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings-500 or so wooden pagodas,tower-shaped buildings -remained standing for centuries?Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries,many attributed the resilience（抗震”性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira,which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree.But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda-hanging loosely down through the middle of the building.The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira,the central column?The best way to understand the shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida,a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology.Mr.Ishida, known to his students as“Professor Pagoda”has built a series of models and tested them on a “shake-table” in his laborato ry.In short,the shinbashira was acting like an enormous pendulum(钟摆). Under pressure,a pagoda's lose floors could be made to side back and forth independently. Viewed from the side,the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance -witheach floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbors above and below.The shinbashira,running up through a hole in the centre of the building,made it unlikely that individual storeys moved too far because, after moving a certain distance,they banged into it, passing on energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that,because of the building tapers(锥形）, with each floor plan being smaller than the one below,none of the vertical(垂直的）columns that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding column above.In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not even one column that travels right up through the building.More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other.They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.The extra-wide eaves(屋檐）also play a part.Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers.The bigger the mass at each end of the pole,the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his balance.The same holds true for a pagoda.With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles,the building responds to even the most powerful earthquake with a graceful swinging,never an abrupt shaking.56.In a Japanese pagoda,the shinbashira is designed to_________________.A.bear certain amount of weight of the pagodaB.bend under pressure the way a tall tree doesC.connect the floors with pagoda's baseD.stop the floors from moving too far57.Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to_________________.A.apply the pendulum into practiceB.gain insight into the “shake-table”modelC.learn about the mechanisms of pagodasD.locate shinbashira exact position in a pagoda58.What is the best title for the passage?A.How Shinbashira Plays its RoleB.Why Pagodas Do Not Fall DownC.Distinct Features of Japanese ArchitectureD.Shuzo Ishida,a Distinguished Engineer(B)Basketball,baseball and soccer are classic sports that people will always enjoy.And yet we keep changing popular games like these in new ways to keep them fresh.Underwater hockeyThis game is played in swimming poolswith two teams of six players.Each playerhas lippers(蛙鞋），a snorkel and a stick usedfor hiting a puck(圆盘）.Each team earnspoints by hitting the puck into itsunderwater goal. Other team members mustbe ready to take the puck when a team member goes up for air.That makes underwater hockey a true team sport.ChessboxingA sport can also be revised by mixing itwith another game.In chessboxing,twoplayers compete on the chess board and inthe ring. First,their minds are tested in agame of chess. Then they use their strengthin a round of boxing.They repeat this for 11rounds.The winner beats the loser inchess,knocks him out while boxing or getsmore boxing points.BossaballThis exciting sport is part volleyball andpart soccer.But unlike both of those sports,players jump up and down throughout thegame.That's because it's played on aninfatable（可充气的）volleyball court with atrampoline on either side of the net.Oneplayer bounce on the trampoline while up tofour others stand around it.A team can touchthe ball six times before sending it backacross the net.Each player may touch theball once with arms or twice with other bodyparts.CycleballAnother fun game to watch,cycleball is likeindoor soccer on wheels.Each player rides aspecial bike designed for the game.Likesoccer,a team must put the ball in a goal.However,there is a catch.The ball can onlybe touched with the bikes'wheels or theplayers'heads.This game requires a lot ofpractice to learn the skills needed.Though these sports may not be common,give them a look or even a try.59.Why does the author think Underwater Hockey is a true team sport?A.Because all players in a team wear the same flippers and use a stick to hit a puck.B.Because each player in a team has to cooperate with other team members in the match.C.Because it is played underwater,the game is more dangerous than the sports played on land.D.Because each team earns points by hitting the puck into its underwater goal.60.In Chessboxing,the winner will be the one whoA.wins both in chess and in boxingB.defeats his opponent in chessC.wins in chess or in boxingD.can knock his opponent out of the boxing ring6l.According to the article at most how many players in all can take part in a Bossaball match?A.4B.6C.8D.1062.In cycleball, the author mentions catch, whose meaning may be________.A.sportB.skillC.ruleD. practiceCY ANG YUANQING,Lenovo's boss,hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40: he grew up in rural poverty and read engineering at university,But when Lenovo bought IBM's Personal computer division in 200s he decided o immerse himself in English: he moved his family to North Carolina,hired a language tutor and-the ultimate sacrifice -spent hours watching cable-TV news.Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-Anglophone world that have made English their official language.The fashion began in places with small populations but global ambitions such as Singapore and Switzerland.Corporate English is now invading more difficult territory,such as Japan.Rakuten,a cross between Amazon and eBay,and Fast Retailing,which operates the Uniqlo fashion chain,were among the first to switch.Now they are being joined by old-economy companies such as Honda,a carmaker,and Bridgestone,a tyremaker.Chinese firms are proving harder to handle:they have a huge internal market and are struggling to enrol competent managers of any description,let alone English-speakers.But some are following Lenovo's lead. Huawei has introduced English as a second language and encourages ambitious employees to become fluent.There are some obvious reasons why multinational companies want a lingua franca(共通语）.Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members),reach global markets and assemble global production teams.Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan,where the population is shrinking.Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Business School says that “Englishnisation"can stir up a hornet's nest of emotions.Ms Neeley argues that companies must think carefully about implementing a policy that touches on so many emotions.Senior managers should explain to employees why switching to English is so important,provide them with classes and conversation groups,and offer them incentives(刺激）to improve their fluency.Those who are already proficient in English should speak more slowly and try not to dominate conversations.And managers must act as referees and enforcers,resolving conflicts and discouraging staff from return to their native tongues.Intergovernmental bodies like the European Union are obliged to pretend that there is no predominant global tongue.But businesses worldwide are facing up to the reality that English is the language on which the sun never sets.63.Lenovo's boss made ail the efforts to familiarize himself with English exceptA.hiring a language tutorB.resettling in an English-speaking environmentC.expanding the business overseasD.exposing himself to English Cable-TV news64.What can we infer from the passage?A.Most Chinese firms would like to introduce corporate English.B.Chinese firms are in great need of English majors as their managers.C.Huawei followed Lenovo as the second largest multinational in China.D.Adopting corporate English is more difficult in places with a large population.65.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The decrease in population pushes the Japanese to learn English well.B.Neither the governmental bodies nor businesses will regard English as a global tongue.panies should handle employees' emotions carefully during the switch.D.Those good at English should be encouraged to speak more in the company.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.English-Global Tongue in BusinessB.English-Chinese Business Leaders' New FashionC.English-The Best Tool in CommunicationD.English-Dominating Factor of Successful BusinessSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.EachWith the arrival of the age of “information economy",intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than anizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information.67______________.A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists.In the information age, journalists spend their time,not investigating,but passing on the words of a spokesperson.There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper's owner,Lord Copper.68______________. When he's right about something they answer “definitely",and when he's wrong they say “to some extent,Lord Copper."It seems reasonable to suppose that,in the real world,the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.In countries where the news is not officially controlled,it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising.The news has to attract viewers and maintain itsaudience ratings.I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show.In Britain,we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment.There is progressively less room for historical background,or statistics,which are harder to present as a sensational story.There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want.People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms.69______________. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year,or equally,a made-up story that you will never be able to check.Maybe the time has come to do something about it,and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper.In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices:switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust.70______________.Section D Summary (10分）Directions:Summarize the following passage with no more than 60 words.Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.However,whether you are on the mountains,in the waves,or on the grassland,you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.Some sports are resource-hungry.Golf,as you may know,eats up not only large areas of countryside,but also tons of water.Besides,all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition.This causes major environmental effects.For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain,golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.There are many environment-friendly sports.Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.Y ou don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes;and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse.Simple and free,power walking can also keep you fit.If you walk regularly,it will be good for your heart and bones.Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious,sleep well and have better weight control.Whatever sport you take up,you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.But the final goal should be “green gyms”.They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports center s. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors,in the countryside or other open spaces.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.And best of all,it's free.第Ⅱ卷（共40分）I.T ranslation(第1-2句每句3分；第3句4分；第4句5分，共15分）Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.这是他第一次夸奖我的衣着。
上海市建平中学2017届高三上学期期中考试英语试题
2016学年建平中学第一学期期中考试英语试卷出卷人：高三英语组审卷人：Calvin，Gloria，JadarI. Listening Comprehension (25%)Section A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a theatre. B. At a train station. C. At an airport. D. At a restaurant.2. A. $1.5 B. $4.5 C. $6.5 D. $8.53. A. They shouldn’t change their plan. B. They’d better change their mind.C. The tennis game won’t last long.D. The weather forecast is not reliable.4. A. Tom was killed in the accident. B. Someone saved Tom’s life.C. It did little damage to Tom’s car.D. Tom survived the accident.5. A. He will impress everybody with the presentation.B.He thinks she will do as good a job as she did last time.C.She will be successful if she practice more.D.She has good reason to worry about the speech.6. A. Teacher and students. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and office worker.D. Travel agent and customer.7. A. He is too busy himself. B. He doesn’t want to help her.C. He’d be glad to help after finishing his own work.D. He has already finished his own work.8. A. They are reading a newspaper. B. They are watching TV.C. They are discussing new foreign films.D. They are talking about their weekends.9. A. The battery is not correctly positioned.B.She doesn’t know how the calculator works.C.The calculator needs a new battery.D.The man should enter the number in a different way.10. A. The advertised jobs are in French and Spanish.B.The notice appeared in French and Spanish newspapers.C.She would like to teach the man French and Spanish.D.French and Spanish are necessary for the job.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.12. A. hospitals. B. gas production sites. C. chemical plants. D. power plants.13. A. Whether they should hold discussions during the G8 summit.B.Whether they should work together to control world oil prices.C.Which country the four islands belong to, Japan or Russia.D.Whether the two islands should be occupied by Russia.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Thinking about the needs old others.B.To be old enough to understand how to cooperate.C.The beginning of learning how to communicate.D.From the first day at school.15. A. It’s hard for three-year-old to learn to share because they are too young to think.B.Four-year-old children could not share because they are still thinking about their own needs.C.Children begin to understand how to cooperate with others at about seven years old.D.Many children begin to share some of their things at about six years of age.16. A. When playing in groups you may decide which toy belongs to which child.B.If a child wants a toy back, he will have to ask the care provider for it.C.It’s very important for adults to do so because children will copy what they do.D.Care providers need to be patient and explain everything in a way children understand.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Make an appointment for an interview.B.Send in an application letter.C.Fill in an application form.D.Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.18. A. Someone having a college degree in advertising.B.Someone experienced in business management.C.Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D.Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.19. A. Travel opportunities.B.Handsome pay.C.Prospects for promotion.D.Flexible working hours.20. A. It depends on the working hours.B.It is about 500 pounds a week.C.It will be set by the Human Resources.D.It is to be negotiated.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question: “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?”Her question was a good one, which reminded me of something I (21)______ (teach) as a youngster---life isn’t fair. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves or for others, (22)______ (think) that life should be fair or that someday it will be. It’s not and it won’t.One of the nice things abou t accepting the fact that life isn’t fair is (23)_______ it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do (24)_______ we can with what we have. Accepting this fact also keeps (25)_______ from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions and, everyone has those times (26)_______ they feel wounded or unfairly treated.The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything (27)_______ our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. On the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don’t recognize or admit life isn’t fair, we tend to feel pity for others a nd for ourselves, a self-defeating emotion that does nothing except (28)________(make) everyone feel worse. When we do recognize life isn’t fair, however, we feel sympathy for others and for ourselves. And sympathy is a heartfelt emotion that (29)_________(deliver) loving kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself (30)_________(absorb) in the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can push you out of self-pity and into helpful action.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Twenty years ago there was a debate about whether there were specific “Asian values.” Most attention ___31___ on the doubtful claims that democracy was not among them. But a more interesting, if less noticed, argument was that traditional family values were strong in Asia than in America and Europe, and that this ___32__ accounted for Asia’s economic success. In the words ofLee Kuan Yew, former prime minister of Singapore and a keen ___33__ of Asian values, the Chinese family encouraged “scholarship and hard work and thrift and deferment(推迟) of present enjoyment for future gain.”On the face of it his claim still appears ___34___. In most of Asia, marriage is widespread and illegitimacy (私生) almost unknown. In contrast, half of marriages in some western countries endorigin many believe in a(n) ___35___ of either parental guidance or filial(子女的) respect, seems to underline a profound difference between East and West.Yet marriage is changing fast in East, South-East and South Asia, even though each region has different traditions. The changes are ___36____ from those that took place in the West in the second half of the 20th century. Divorce, though ___37___ in some countries, remains ___38__ rare. What’s happening in Asia is a flight from marriage.Marriage rates are falling partly because people are ___39___ getting married. Marriage ages have risen all over the world, but the increase is particularly ___40___ in Asia. People there now marry even later than they do in the West.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Term“CYBERSPACE”was coined by WilliamGibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novelNeuromancer. His ___41___ creation turned out to be remarkablyprescient（有先见之明）. Cyberspace has become shorthand forthe computing devices, networks, fiber-opticcables, and wireless links that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The____42___made by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to ____43_____ humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data ____44____are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through attacks. Among the most prominent recent ____45___ has been Target, whose chief executive stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant retailer ____46___ that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details.The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such ____47___ intrusion. Wider ___48____have been raised by the realization of a growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new territory of warfare. America’s president, BarackObama, said in a White House press release that cyber-threats “__49___ one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not ___50___. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not____51____threats because the network was attached to America’s military.As hackers ____52____, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, admits that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.____53___, these defenses have worked reasonably well. Despite the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably ___54____. Hundreds of m illions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at ___55___stores, share gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without illeffect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.41. A. technical B. literary C. deliberate D. noble42. A. senses B. restrictions C. connections D. differences43. A. break through B. keep back C. stand for D. tap into44. A. collections B. mistakes C. leaks D. sources45. A. hackers B. agencies C. critics D. victims46. A. assessed B. insisted C. revealed D. concluded47. A. social B. cultural C. civil D. commercial48. A. gaps B. contacts C. effects D. concerns49. A. pose B. solve C. maintain D. reduce50. A. availability B. security C. temptation D. preservation51. A. worry about B. specialize in C. keep away D. put off52. A. broke down B. turned up C. fell apart D. shut down53. A. Of course B. In another word C. On the whole D. Above all54. A. calm and stable B. fun and fashionableC. profitable and productiveD. wild and well-received55. A. luxurious B. favorite C. virtual D. convenienceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)E-learning-An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e- Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the roll at their day school. The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on-line coursesare taught by TDSB secondary school teachersare part of the TDSB student’s timetableappear on the student’s report upon completionBenefits of e-LearningInclude:Access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB schoolUsing technology to provide students with current informationassistance to solve timetable conflictsIs e-Learning for You?Students who are successful in on-line course are usuallyable to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activitiescapable of working independently in a responsible and honest mannerable to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet accessStudents need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face- to-face classroom course.56.E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that __________.A.they are given by best TDSB teachers.B.they are not on the day school timetable.C.they are not included on students’ reports.D.they are an addition to TDSB courses.57.What do students need to do before completing e-learning courses?A.To learn information technology on-line.B.To do their assignments independently.C.To update their mobile devices regularly.D.To talk face to face with their teachers.58.What can be inferred about the online course from the advertisement?A.The on-line course is free of charge.B.Students will use electronic devices in the on-line course.C.Little communication with teachers is needed in the on-line course.D.When timetable conflicts, priority should be given to the on-line course.（B）It’s an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday. T he joy of a recession means no argument next year –we just won’t go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What’s less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession–financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. “People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it’s for,” he explains. “They’ll say it’s to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them.” He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they’ve achieved something.“The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what’s going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you’re doing, who’s paying w hat into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.”59.What does the author say about vacationing?A.People enjoy it all the more during a recession.B.It is the chief cause of family disputes.C.It makes all the hard work worthwhile.D.Few people can afford it without working hard.60. What does the author mean by saying “money is known ... to bring a relationship to its knees”(Lines 1-2, Para. 2)?A.Money is considered to be the root of all evils.B.Few people can resist the temptation of money.C.Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.D.Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.61.The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession ________.A.conflicts between couples tend to riseB.couples show more concern for each otherC.it is more expensive for couples to split upD.divorce and separation rates increase62.The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ________.A.put their money together instead of keeping it separatelyB.make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgetsC.discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationshipD.avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic(C)Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babiescomfort is free. Love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love. It is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves.Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust.I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries. And that children are taught, not trained.63. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.64. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A.Fond of providing a home base.B.Ready to play games with my kids.C.Curious to watch what games they play.D.Willing to give kids freedom of movement.65.Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.66. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Long car journeys are even less pleasantB.During the day, sleep comes in snatchesC.But nothing can match them for speed and comfortD.You will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledE.You will be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journeyF. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer forsimilar flightsPeople travelling long distances frequently have todecide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for morethan a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped andstuffy, with the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking onthe rails which soon lures you to sleep. _____67_____. Atnight, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarelymanage to do so, ending up almost exhausted when reaching the destination." _____68_____, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numerous civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food ——particularly when the sea is calm. If it is not, you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport._____69_____. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: “_____70_____.” You will never have to spend the next the few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．春节是中国人举家团聚，共享美食的幸福时刻。
2017年11月杨浦区高三期中考试(含答案)
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三期中质量调研英语学科试卷2017.11 I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 7:45. B. At 7:55. C. At 8:15. D. At 8:30.2. A. She doesn’t return the book on time.B. She hasn’t finished the book on coffee.C. She can’t spell the name of the book.D. She damages the previously borrowed book.3. A. In a hotel. B. In a ward. C. In a museum. D. In a bank.4. A. How she can afford the tuition.B. Which major she should chooseC. Whether the university is a good one.D. Where she can meet world-famous scholars.5. A. Traveller and tour guide. B. Customer and house agent.C. shopper and shop assistant.D. Visitor and receptionist.6. A. He made hand-made chocolate for Alex.B. He decorated his cup with strawberries.C. He made cupcakes with strawberries on them.D. He decorated the strawberry cake with chocolate.7. A. The main source of ocean garbage is plastic.B. The way the water moves causes ocean pollution.C. The article is about how to collect ocean garbage.D. Tiny pieces of garbage can be ignored in the big ocean.8. A. The price of electric cars. B. The battery capacity of electric cars.C. The disadvantage of electric cars.D. The popularity of electric cars.9. A. People are not allowed to take dried fruit through the Customs.B. The rapid growth of non-native plants may affect economy.C. The fast spread of bacteria on plants by invasive species.D. The local ecosystem may be damaged by invasive species.10. A. Their air-conditioner is out of order.B. The delivery service is too slow.C. The woman likes online shopping.D. Fast Internet connection costs much money.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The UK’s Houses of Parliament was being repaired.B. The repair workers’ hearing needed to be protected.C. The clock was so old that it gained several minutes.D. The Parliament suggested its being switched off.12. A. People held a debate on the four-year timescale.B. Many people stood in the way to stop the traffic.C. Most natives cried but tourists cheered and applauded.D. People recorded the historical moment with cell-phones.13. A. It will never ring again until 2021.B. It is in the hall of the Houses of Parliament.C. People can still hear its chimes on the New Year’s Eve.D. People can hear its chimes anywhere in London.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Spend 9.9yuan online buying the first book.B. Borrow no more than ten books at a time.C. Pay a deposit of 99yuan on the app.D. Return the books within 90days.15. A. Readers can return the books to any of the 10 Xinhua Bookstores.B. Readers can buy the borrowed books without going to the stores.C. Readers can keep the books for a much longer time.D. Readers can share their book reviews on the app.16. A. 0.5 yuan. B. 1.2 yuan. C. 1.9 yuan. D. 7.5 yuan. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tomorrow. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday. D. In two weeks.18. A. Review what she has learned in every chapter and test herself.B. Focus on the class notes for an entire day without breaks.C. Copy top students’ notes and read them carefully.D. Memorize all the information within one night.19. A. Quiz each other and loser pay the bill.B. Study together and enjoy lunch together.C. Have lunch and go to see a movie.D. Solve some urgent problems first.20. A. Put stress on herself to get motivated.B. Go to sleep early to ensure a good rest.C. Take every opportunity to learn new knowledge.D. Review the materials and cram for (突击准备) the test.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s that time of the year again: school has started in full swing, homework is piling up and you realize that you can't possibly wait for some next year.“I need a holiday,” you (21)______ be thinking.But wait -- is it a holiday that you truly need? When we think of holidays, we think of traveling, beach, fun and adventure. But the reality is, we spend most of our holidays on our personal devices. Smartphones have taken the world by storm, (22)______(influence) the manner we interact with each other. Does this sound like you? If so, it sounds like you need a digital detox (数码产品解毒期).(23)______ it may seem that sending a quick text message or uploading a photo to WeChat (24)______(take) a little time, these things eventually add up without us even knowing it.It was discovered in a study (25)______(conduct) on that 90 percent of Britons spend more than four hours a day using the electronic devices while they are on holiday. Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a difficult decision (26)______(make). To help you along, it is probably a good idea to choose a remote area, somewhere close to nature, (27)______ you can truly relax yourself, and most importantly, not (28)______(tempt) to switch on your smartphone.Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up something new, (29)______ return to hobbies which never had a time (30)______. You could sketch the view of the coast, or take photos with your old film camera. If you're going with friends or family, perhaps bring along some board games to spend time rebuilding tired relationships.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A pen has always been a(n) (31)______ tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that student s’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)______ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)______ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.“There has definitely been a(n) (34)______ trend. It is difficult for both the stud ents and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,” Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)______ to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators.However, some (36)______ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art.Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)______ Cambridge to “make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lectures”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge’s example.In fact, a similar plan was carried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)______ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the “flipped classroom”.He believes that the rise of mobile internet (39)______ means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to memorize anything.As a result, he encourages students to bring their laptops and mobile phones into exams. With these devices, students can “look up whatever they want, whenever they want” and be tested on their creative and (40)______ skills, rather than the ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.III. Reading Comprehensionsection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There was once a time that I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuous cycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was ___41___ when it came to making decisions. I knew what wouldn’t ___42___ me too much, what would keep me glued to the floor of where I already was. ___43___, little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me.After living the same type of life for so long, I decided that there was more for me. Although it was uncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get ___44___ in thingsthat I wouldn’t normally do. I decided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would have the ___45___ to show my face to, and I started to share more about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I ___46___ to find more parts of life to open myself up to.A q uote said “life begins at the end of your comfort zone.” Reading the quote made me realize that I was stuck in a life that I wasn’t truly mine. I was bound by chains that made me ___47___ to experience life, so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my ___48___.There are a few days you can begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All you need to do is write down a list of things that you want to ___49___ in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. A bucket list isn’t useful unless you are ___50___ going to try and achieve it.Secondly, if you want, ask someone to tag along (跟随).If you have a friend who is also interested in experiencing more of their life then you can join ___51___ and work together. That way, you can push each other to actually go out and experience.Finally, ___52___ yourself. Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but have been too afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip or anything else to ___53___ yourself into doing it.Life is about ___54___ it up with as many experiences as possible, so don’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to ___55___ yourself or learn something valuable.41. A. safe B. sensitive C. alternative D. greedy42. A. tempt B. exclude C. scare D. impose43. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However44. A. absorbed B. participated C. caught D. involved45. A. confidence B. benefit C. burden D. passion46. A. claimed B. strived C. hesitated D. pretended47. A. excited B. curious C. flexible D. afraid48. A. imagination B. control C. limits D. expectation49. A. accomplish B. combine C. cultivate D. ensure50. A. accidentally B. desperately C. actually D. consequently51. A. ideas B. forces C. factors D. effects52. A. behave B. engage C. treat D. help53. A. bribe B. trap C. cheat D. shape54. A. making B. taking C. piling D. filling55. A. satisfy B. relax C. identify D. betterSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image, male politicians don’t have as ma ny fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine – his socks.He’s been seen wearing “statement socks” at many public events. For example, during a NATO (北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in May, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves – a national symbol of Canada –when he appeared on a TV show.The New York Times’ editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau’s play on his socks as “clever”.“Socks are subtle enough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you can’t miss the point,” she wrote. “Rarely have a man’s ankles said so much.”One example is a pair he wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny, then the prime minister of Ireland, in Montreal on May 4. During their meeting, Trudeau wore Star Wars socks – simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day. If this pair of socks sent out any message, according to V ogue magazine reporter Emily Farra, that message was “just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films,” she wrote.However, some say that 45-year-old Trudeau’s unusual sock choices show a childish side of the prime minister that proves he isn’t matu re enough to be the leader of a country.But Friedman doesn’t see it that way. “The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale –a symbol both of Mr Trudeau’s ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound by old traditions,” she wrote. They have opened up possibilities for the future.56. Trudean wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to ________.A. distract audience’s attention from the TV showB. send a message that he is proud of his countryC. narrow the gap between politicians and civiliansD. claim that he is the new-generation leader of the country57. The underlined word “quirky” is closet in meaning to ________.A. abnormal or immatureB. serious or straightC. patriotic or enthusiasticD. odd or unpredictable58. According to Friedman, Justin Trudeau ________.A. has a promising future but is still an inexperienced politicianB. used a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmineC. is open-minded and is ready to accept different culturesD. is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future59. The article is mainly about ________.A. the strange hobby of a young politicianB. a young leader’s clever choice of so cksC. how male politicians maintain public imageD. the gender difference in modern politiciansCross Country aims to provide the most punctual service possible. However, when delays do occur, we will provide you compensation in line with our Passenger Charter and National Rail Conditions of Travel.If your train has been delayed by 30 minutes or more to the destination printed on your ticket, you will be entitled to compensation. You can rest assured that your journey is covered whatever happens.How much refund am I entitled to?The amount of compensation that you may be entitled to depends on the length of time your journey was delayed by:Delay of 30-59 minutes50% of the cost of your single ticket or 50% of the cost of either portion of your return ticketDelay of 60 minutes or more100% of the cost of your single ticket or 100% of the cost of either portion of your return ticketDelay of two hours or more for return ticketsIf either or both the outward or return legs of your journey are delayed by more than two hours and you have a return ticket, you will be entitled to receive up to 100% of the cost of the return ticketHow will I be paid?Compensation will be paid in National Rail Travel Vouchers(抵用券) or, at your request, in money（for example by cheque or BACS）. Rail Travel vouchers can be used as payment or part payment towards any National Rail ticket, including season tickets.How do I make a claim under Delay Repay?Please complete the form below within 28 days of the date of the delay. A readable, scanned copy of your ticket is required to make a claim.Our Customer service team will respond as soon as possible and aim to reply within10 working days. Should you have any difficulties completing the form, please call us on 03447 369 123.Alternatively, you can download our Delay Repay claim form and post to us at the address on the form.60. John bought a single ticket from London to Glasgow, which cost him £20.60.Unfortunately, the journey was delayed by 40 minutes. How much refund can he receive?A. None.B. £10.30.C. £20.60.D. 41.20.61. With no special request, the compensation will be paid ________.A. by bank transferB. by cheque or in cashC. in National Rail ticketD. in National Rail Travel V ouchers62. To make a claim for refund, one must ________.A. get his train ticket clearly scannedB. download the claim form and mail itC. call the service hotline to get the formD. complete the form within 10 days after the delay(C)Teacher burnout(倦怠) and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students' cortisol levels (可体松水平), which are a biological indicator of stress.Researchers collected saliva(唾液) samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students' cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems."This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers," said Eva Oberle, the study's lead author. Indeed,the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom."Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers' ability to effectively manage their students.A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students' needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioural problems, or special needs. In this scenario, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout."Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut," said Oberle."It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support intheir jobs in order to battle burnout and alleviate stress in the classroom," said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study's co-author and director of HELP. "If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage (附带损害) of students.63. Which is the best title of the passage?A. How to Relieve Stress in the classB.A puzzling Question of Egg and ChickenC. The Most Stressful Profession in the worldD. The Link Between Students Stress and Teacher Burnout64. Paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 are intended to make it clear that ________.A. teacher burnout may be cause of the elevated cortisol levels in studentsB. the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problemC. students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficultiesD. student’ behavioural problems may result in teacher’s higher level of burnout65. According to the writer, many British teachers face the problem that ________.A. teacher are not well trained to deal with students’ problems.B. teachers’ income increases but teaching resources are cutC. there’re more students in each class and less support for teachersD. there is a widening gap between students’ need and teachers’ ability66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. The more burnout teachers experience, the higher cortisol levels in students.B. Adequate support may help teachers manage students more effectively.C. Students will benefit as a result of reduced teacher burnout.D. High cortisol level indicates high level of burnout.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Named to change the way we think of education and those who are the recipients. Barefoot College has launched 1,300 locations in 80 countries.Delhi social worker Sanjit "Bunker" Roy was concerned about the poverty of India in his youth and moved to one of the poorest Indian states to work. With his help and that of local farmer Merghaj, Barefoot College came into being in 1972. _____67_____ Within eight years, women came to the campus in Tilonia, Rajasthan, from around the globe to be trained as solar engineers, mostly learning through demonstrations, practice and sign language.Barefoot College, the world's first fully solar-electrified campus, trains its students to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. These include lamps, water heaters, cookers and even a water-purifying system._____68_____ As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that it is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-dependence, teaching students to support and think for themselves. _____69_____As Barefoot College continued to develop, it journeyed past Indian borders to the Middle East and Latin America. In 2013 Bunder Roy won the Clinton Global Citizen Award, which prompted the Indian government to provide funds for five regional centers in Africa. _____70_____ In addition, the organization’s Pacific Solar Initiative should result in three times the beneficiaries (受益人）by 2018 through work on island nations.If successful, Barefoot College will have managed to spread light, both literally and figuratively, across the entire world.IV. Summary Writing（10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Marathons can be bad for your health, scientists have warned after a study found 80 percent of competitors suffer kidney (肾) injury because of dehydration (脱水).Researchers said that although the kidneys of the participants in the 26.2 mile race fully recovered within two days, their findings raise questions concerning the potential long-term impact at a time when marathons are increasing in popularity.The findings were published by the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, as thousands of people prepare for next month's London Marathon.Previous research has shown that engaging in unusually vigorous activities - such as military training - in warm climates can damage the kidneys, but little is known about the effects of marathon running.A team of researchers led by Professor Chirag Parikh, of Yale University in the US, studied a small group of participants in the 2015 Hartford Marathon.They collected blood and urine (尿液) samples before and after the event. They analysed a variety of markers of kidney injury, including serum creatinine(肌酐) levels, kidney cells on microscopy, and proteins in urine.The researchers found that 82 percent of the runners that were studied showedStage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) soon after the race. AKI is a condition in which the kidneys fail to filter (过滤) waste from the blood.Prof Parikh said: "The kidney responds to the physical stress of marathon running as if it's injured, in a way that's similar to what happens in hospitalised patients when the kidney is affected by medical and surgical complications (并发症)."The researchers stated that potential causes of the marathon-related kidney damage could be the sustained rise in core body temperature, dehydration, or decreased blood flow to the kidneys that occur during a marathon.While the measured kidney injury resolved within two days of running the marathon, the researchers said the study still raises questions about the effects of repeated strenuous activity over time, especially in warm climates.I. Translation:Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命，摧毁了7000多幢房屋。
上海市十校2017届高三上学期第一次联考英语试卷Word版含答案
2017届上海市英语十校联考试卷听力（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Lightning BoltUsain Bolt is the world?s fastest man. He first came to the public?s attention at the BeijingOlympics in 2008, where he won three gold medals. During that race, he reached a top speed of43.9 kmph. So, we ask, how does the man (21)______ nickname is “Lightning Bolt” run so fast?Usain Bolt was born in Jamaica on 21 August 1986. He was running around at primaryschool, when a teacher noticed (22)______ talent for sprinting（短跑）. He became one of the bestsprinters at his high school even though he didn?t train very hard. At the age of fifteen, Bolt was196 cm tall and he dominated the 2002 World Junior Championships, becoming the youngestperson ever (23)______ (win) the 200 metres. He turned professional when he left high school,(24)______ (age) seventeen. During the first couple of years of Bolt?s professional life, he got afew injuries, but his health soon improved and he began to win all the major championships. Hewent from strength to strength, (25)______ (amaze) the world with his speed.So, how does he do it? Bolt says that he is naturally fast—just something he was born(26)______. He?s also got a number of people looking after him and one of the main re asons forhis success is Norman Peart, his manager. Peart (27)______(look) after Bolt since he was fifteen,working hard to keep him focused.(28)______ you explain it, Bolt?s performances in Beijing were truly marvellous. What?smore marvellous is (29)______, since then, he has continued to get even faster. In August 2009, hebroke his own record by running the 100 metres in 9.58 seconds. At the (30)______ (fast) point inthis race, he ran at an astonishing 44.9 kmph.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. attendedB. beliefC. classicD. commonlyE. crewF. evidenceG. furtherH. originsI. purposesJ. rebelledK. relativelyColumbus: Myth and RealityEveryone knows the name of Christopher Columbus, and, as with any historical icon, thereare as many myths as truths about the man. Take, for example, the disagreement about his___31___. The Spanish say he was from Spain, and the Italians claim he was from Italy. There is,in fact, some ___32___ that he was born in 1451 in Genoa, which is now part of Italy.Columbus became a sailor at an early age and had made journeys as far as Iceland andGuinea before he made his famous voyage in 1482. Contrary to popular ___33___. Columbusdidn?t sail to the Americas in order to find out whether the Earth was round: at the end of the 15thcentury almost everyone knew it was round. We do know that he sailed in part to fulfill a religiousquest: he saw journeys as a fulfillment of a divine（神圣的）plan for his life.Of course, the other ___34___ known reason for this voyage was that Columbus was lookingfor a new route to the Spice Islands (now part of Indonesia), and he believed he could reach themby sailing west rather than east. The discovery of the New World was therefore a(n) ___35___case of “serendipity”（机缘凑巧）. In 1492, when he unexpectedly discovered the Americas, hehad been traveling for five weeks and has sailed for 3,000 miles. He thought he had arrived in theEast Indies.Columbus left on the voyage of discovery from the south of Spain, with a(n) ___36___ madeup mainly of experienced sailors from the area. He made two ___37___ voyages before the end ofthe century, taking Europeans across to the new lands. On his third voyage in 1498, he also tookwomen to the New World.This third voyage was not a happy one for Columbus. The settlers ___38___ against him, andhe was unable to send a lot of gold back, so he was arrested and returned to Spain in chains.However, the King and Queen soon apologized, saying there had been a mistake, and Columbuswas freed. By this time, 1500, Columbus was not a well man and he died quietly at the age of 55in Valladolid, Spain, on May 20, 1506, in his own apartment ___39___ by family and friends. Hewas a(n) ___40___ rich man at the time of his death.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Agree to DisagreeIn a world of 6.5 million opinionated people, arguments are sure to happen. Many people seearguments as an inevitable and negative part of life. Inevitable, yes; ___41___, maybe not.Arguments can often lead to positive change—if you argue ___42___.Arguing “well”“There ___43___ is such a thing as a ,healthy argument?,” says Marian Donahue, a human relations professional, San Diego. “In a healthy argument, one?s own goal should be to explain theissues in detail, to communicate the upset behind the issues, and to really seek to move forwardtoward a ___44___,” she says. “The minimum goal should be to preserve the relationship wellenough to keep ___45___ alive.”What not to doNothing ___46___ a healthy argument like a personal attack, and personal attacks are a bigno-no if you want an argument to end positively. Dina Connolly, a graduate student atNorthwestern University, Illinois, says that when professional relationships start amassing（积累）personal baggage, ___47___ arguments are just around the corner.“The structure or wall of professionalism collapses,” Connolly says, “taking down any f as well. ___48___, after an individual interrupted and then corrected me while making a public。
2017年11月杨浦区高三期中考试-(含答案)
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三期中质量调研英语学科试卷2017.11 I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 7:45. B. At 7:55. C. At 8:15. D. At 8:30.2. A. She doesn’t return the book on time.B. She hasn’t finished the book on coffee.C. She can’t spell the name of the book.D. She damages the previously borrowed book.3. A. In a hotel. B. In a ward. C. In a museum. D. In a bank.4. A. How she can afford the tuition.B. Which major she should chooseC. Whether the university is a good one.D. Where she can meet world-famous scholars.5. A. Traveller and tour guide. B. Customer and house agent.C. shopper and shop assistant.D. Visitor and receptionist.6. A. He made hand-made chocolate for Alex.B. He decorated his cup with strawberries.C. He made cupcakes with strawberries on them.D. He decorated the strawberry cake with chocolate.7. A. The main source of ocean garbage is plastic.B. The way the water moves causes ocean pollution.C. The article is about how to collect ocean garbage.D. Tiny pieces of garbage can be ignored in the big ocean.8. A. The price of electric cars. B. The battery capacity of electric cars.C. The disadvantage of electric cars.D. The popularity of electric cars.9. A. People are not allowed to take dried fruit through the Customs.B. The rapid growth of non-native plants may affect economy.C. The fast spread of bacteria on plants by invasive species.D. The local ecosystem may be damaged by invasive species.10. A. Their air-conditioner is out of order.B. The delivery service is too slow.C. The woman likes online shopping.D. Fast Internet connection costs much money.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The UK’s Houses of Parliament was being repaired.B. The repair workers’ hearing needed to be protected.C. The clock was so old that it gained several minutes.D. The Parliament suggested its being switched off.12. A. People held a debate on the four-year timescale.B. Many people stood in the way to stop the traffic.C. Most natives cried but tourists cheered and applauded.D. People recorded the historical moment with cell-phones.13. A. It will never ring again until 2021.B. It is in the hall of the Houses of Parliament.C. People can still hear its chimes on the New Year’s Eve.D. People can hear its chimes anywhere in London.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Spend 9.9yuan online buying the first book.B. Borrow no more than ten books at a time.C. Pay a deposit of 99yuan on the app.D. Return the books within 90days.15. A. Readers can return the books to any of the 10 Xinhua Bookstores.B. Readers can buy the borrowed books without going to the stores.C. Readers can keep the books for a much longer time.D. Readers can share their book reviews on the app.16. A. 0.5 yuan. B. 1.2 yuan. C. 1.9 yuan. D. 7.5 yuan. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tomorrow. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday. D. In two weeks.18. A. Review what she has learned in every chapter and test herself.B. Focus on the class notes for an entire day without breaks.C. Copy top students’ notes and read them carefully.D. Memorize all the information within one night.19. A. Quiz each other and loser pay the bill.B. Study together and enjoy lunch together.C. Have lunch and go to see a movie.D. Solve some urgent problems first.20. A. Put stress on herself to get motivated.B. Go to sleep early to ensure a good rest.C. Take every opportunity to learn new knowledge.D. Review the materials and cram for (突击准备) the test.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s that time of the year again: school has started in full swing, homework is piling up and you realize that you can't possibly wait for some next year.“I need a holiday,” you (21)______ be thinking.But wait -- is it a holiday that you truly need? When we think of holidays, we think of traveling, beach, fun and adventure. But the reality is, we spend most of our holidays on our personal devices. Smartphones have taken the world by storm, (22)______(influence) the manner we interact with each other. Does this sound like you? If so, it sounds like you need a digital detox (数码产品解毒期).(23)______ it may seem that sending a quick text message or uploading a photo to WeChat (24)______(take) a little time, these things eventually add up without us even knowing it.It was discovered in a study (25)______(conduct) on that 90 percent of Britons spend more than four hours a day using the electronic devices while they are on holiday. Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a difficult decision (26)______(make). To help you along, it is probably a good idea to choose a remote area, somewhere close to nature, (27)______ you can truly relax yourself, and most importantly, not (28)______(tempt) to switch on your smartphone.Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up something new, (29)______ return to hobbies which never had a time (30)______. You could sketch the view of the coast, or take photos with your old film camera. If you're going with friends or family, perhaps bring along some board games to spend time rebuilding tired relationships.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A pen has always been a(n) (31)______ tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that student s’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)______ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)______ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.“There has definitely been a(n) (34)______ trend. It is difficult for both the stud ents and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,” Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)______ to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators.However, some (36)______ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art.Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)______ Cambridge to “make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lectures”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge’s example.In fact, a similar plan was carried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)______ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the “flipped classroom”.He believes that the rise of mobile internet (39)______ means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to memorize anything.As a result, he encourages students to bring their laptops and mobile phones into exams. With these devices, students can “look up whatever they want, whenever they want” and be tested on their creative and (40)______ skills, rather than the ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.III. Reading Comprehensionsection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There was once a time that I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuous cycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was ___41___ when it came to making decisions. I knew what wouldn’t ___42___ me too much, what would keep me glued to the floor of where I already was. ___43___, little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me.After living the same type of life for so long, I decided that there was more for me. Although it was uncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get ___44___ in thingsthat I wouldn’t normally do. I decided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would have the ___45___ to show my face to, and I started to share more about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I ___46___ to find more parts of life to open myself up to.A q uote said “life begins at the end of your comfort zone.” Reading the quote made me realize that I was stuck in a life that I wasn’t truly mine. I was bound by chains that made me ___47___ to experience life, so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my ___48___.There are a few days you can begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All you need to do is write down a list of things that you want to ___49___ in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. A bucket list isn’t useful unless you are ___50___ going to try and achieve it.Secondly, if you want, ask someone to tag along (跟随).If you have a friend who is also interested in experiencing more of their life then you can join ___51___ and work together. That way, you can push each other to actually go out and experience.Finally, ___52___ yourself. Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but have been too afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip or anything else to ___53___ yourself into doing it.Life is about ___54___ it up with as many experiences as possible, so don’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to ___55___ yourself or learn something valuable.41. A. safe B. sensitive C. alternative D. greedy42. A. tempt B. exclude C. scare D. impose43. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However44. A. absorbed B. participated C. caught D. involved45. A. confidence B. benefit C. burden D. passion46. A. claimed B. strived C. hesitated D. pretended47. A. excited B. curious C. flexible D. afraid48. A. imagination B. control C. limits D. expectation49. A. accomplish B. combine C. cultivate D. ensure50. A. accidentally B. desperately C. actually D. consequently51. A. ideas B. forces C. factors D. effects52. A. behave B. engage C. treat D. help53. A. bribe B. trap C. cheat D. shape54. A. making B. taking C. piling D. filling55. A. satisfy B. relax C. identify D. betterSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image, male politicians don’t have as ma ny fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine – his socks.He’s been seen wearing “statement socks” at many public events. For example, during a NATO (北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in May, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves – a national symbol of Canada –when he appeared on a TV show.The New York Times’ editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau’s play on his socks as “clever”.“Socks are subtle enough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you can’t miss the point,” she wrote. “Rarely have a man’s ankles said so much.”One example is a pair he wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny, then the prime minister of Ireland, in Montreal on May 4. During their meeting, Trudeau wore Star Wars socks – simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day. If this pair of socks sent out any message, according to V ogue magazine reporter Emily Farra, that message was “just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films,” she wrote.However, some say that 45-year-old Trudeau’s unusual sock choices show a childish side of the prime minister that proves he isn’t matu re enough to be the leader of a country.But Friedman doesn’t see it that way. “The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale –a symbol both of Mr Trudeau’s ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound by old traditions,” she wrote. They have opened up possibilities for the future.56. Trudean wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to ________.A. distract audience’s attention from the TV showB. send a message that he is proud of his countryC. narrow the gap between politicians and civiliansD. claim that he is the new-generation leader of the country57. The underlined word “quirky” is closet in meaning to ________.A. abnormal or immatureB. serious or straightC. patriotic or enthusiasticD. odd or unpredictable58. According to Friedman, Justin Trudeau ________.A. has a promising future but is still an inexperienced politicianB. used a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmineC. is open-minded and is ready to accept different culturesD. is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future59. The article is mainly about ________.A. the strange hobby of a young politicianB. a young leader’s clever choice of so cksC. how male politicians maintain public imageD. the gender difference in modern politiciansCross Country aims to provide the most punctual service possible. However, when delays do occur, we will provide you compensation in line with our Passenger Charter and National Rail Conditions of Travel.If your train has been delayed by 30 minutes or more to the destination printed on your ticket, you will be entitled to compensation. You can rest assured that your journey is covered whatever happens.How much refund am I entitled to?The amount of compensation that you may be entitled to depends on the length of time your journey was delayed by:Delay of 30-59 minutes50% of the cost of your single ticket or 50% of the cost of either portion of your return ticketDelay of 60 minutes or more100% of the cost of your single ticket or 100% of the cost of either portion of your return ticketDelay of two hours or more for return ticketsIf either or both the outward or return legs of your journey are delayed by more than two hours and you have a return ticket, you will be entitled to receive up to 100% of the cost of the return ticketHow will I be paid?Compensation will be paid in National Rail Travel Vouchers(抵用券) or, at your request, in money（for example by cheque or BACS）. Rail Travel vouchers can be used as payment or part payment towards any National Rail ticket, including season tickets.How do I make a claim under Delay Repay?Please complete the form below within 28 days of the date of the delay. A readable, scanned copy of your ticket is required to make a claim.Our Customer service team will respond as soon as possible and aim to reply within10 working days. Should you have any difficulties completing the form, please call us on 03447 369 123.Alternatively, you can download our Delay Repay claim form and post to us at the address on the form.60. John bought a single ticket from London to Glasgow, which cost him £20.60.Unfortunately, the journey was delayed by 40 minutes. How much refund can he receive?A. None.B. £10.30.C. £20.60.D. 41.20.61. With no special request, the compensation will be paid ________.A. by bank transferB. by cheque or in cashC. in National Rail ticketD. in National Rail Travel V ouchers62. To make a claim for refund, one must ________.A. get his train ticket clearly scannedB. download the claim form and mail itC. call the service hotline to get the formD. complete the form within 10 days after the delay(C)Teacher burnout(倦怠) and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students' cortisol levels (可体松水平), which are a biological indicator of stress.Researchers collected saliva(唾液) samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students' cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems."This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers," said Eva Oberle, the study's lead author. Indeed,the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom."Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers' ability to effectively manage their students.A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students' needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioural problems, or special needs. In this scenario, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout."Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut," said Oberle."It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support intheir jobs in order to battle burnout and alleviate stress in the classroom," said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study's co-author and director of HELP. "If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage (附带损害) of students.63. Which is the best title of the passage?A. How to Relieve Stress in the classB.A puzzling Question of Egg and ChickenC. The Most Stressful Profession in the worldD. The Link Between Students Stress and Teacher Burnout64. Paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 are intended to make it clear that ________.A. teacher burnout may be cause of the elevated cortisol levels in studentsB. the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problemC. students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficultiesD. student’ behavioural problems may result in teacher’s higher level of burnout65. According to the writer, many British teachers face the problem that ________.A. teacher are not well trained to deal with students’ problems.B. teachers’ income increases but teaching resources are cutC. there’re more students in each class and less support for teachersD. there is a widening gap between students’ need and teachers’ ability66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. The more burnout teachers experience, the higher cortisol levels in students.B. Adequate support may help teachers manage students more effectively.C. Students will benefit as a result of reduced teacher burnout.D. High cortisol level indicates high level of burnout.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Named to change the way we think of education and those who are the recipients. Barefoot College has launched 1,300 locations in 80 countries.Delhi social worker Sanjit "Bunker" Roy was concerned about the poverty of India in his youth and moved to one of the poorest Indian states to work. With his help and that of local farmer Merghaj, Barefoot College came into being in 1972. _____67_____ Within eight years, women came to the campus in Tilonia, Rajasthan, from around the globe to be trained as solar engineers, mostly learning through demonstrations, practice and sign language.Barefoot College, the world's first fully solar-electrified campus, trains its students to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. These include lamps, water heaters, cookers and even a water-purifying system._____68_____ As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that it is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-dependence, teaching students to support and think for themselves. _____69_____As Barefoot College continued to develop, it journeyed past Indian borders to the Middle East and Latin America. In 2013 Bunder Roy won the Clinton Global Citizen Award, which prompted the Indian government to provide funds for five regional centers in Africa. _____70_____ In addition, the organization’s Pacific Solar Initiative should result in three times the beneficiaries (受益人）by 2018 through work on island nations.If successful, Barefoot College will have managed to spread light, both literally and figuratively, across the entire world.IV. Summary Writing（10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Marathons can be bad for your health, scientists have warned after a study found 80 percent of competitors suffer kidney (肾) injury because of dehydration (脱水).Researchers said that although the kidneys of the participants in the 26.2 mile race fully recovered within two days, their findings raise questions concerning the potential long-term impact at a time when marathons are increasing in popularity.The findings were published by the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, as thousands of people prepare for next month's London Marathon.Previous research has shown that engaging in unusually vigorous activities - such as military training - in warm climates can damage the kidneys, but little is known about the effects of marathon running.A team of researchers led by Professor Chirag Parikh, of Yale University in the US, studied a small group of participants in the 2015 Hartford Marathon.They collected blood and urine (尿液) samples before and after the event. They analysed a variety of markers of kidney injury, including serum creatinine(肌酐) levels, kidney cells on microscopy, and proteins in urine.The researchers found that 82 percent of the runners that were studied showedStage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) soon after the race. AKI is a condition in which the kidneys fail to filter (过滤) waste from the blood.Prof Parikh said: "The kidney responds to the physical stress of marathon running as if it's injured, in a way that's similar to what happens in hospitalised patients when the kidney is affected by medical and surgical complications (并发症)."The researchers stated that potential causes of the marathon-related kidney damage could be the sustained rise in core body temperature, dehydration, or decreased blood flow to the kidneys that occur during a marathon.While the measured kidney injury resolved within two days of running the marathon, the researchers said the study still raises questions about the effects of repeated strenuous activity over time, especially in warm climates.I. Translation:Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命，摧毁了7000多幢房屋。
上海市上海中学2017-2018学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案
上海中学2017-2018学年高三英语期中考试试卷17. Roman Empire ________ for centuries.A.has existedB. existedC. had existedD. was existedrge quantities of petrol ________ used every year, causing a lot of pollution. What we need ________ green vehicles.A.is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is19.Out ________, with the ________ money in his hand.A.did he rush; remainedB. he was rushing; remainingC. rushed he; remainedD. he rushed; remaining20.________ like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapore‟s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.A.LookedB. LookingC. To lookD. Being looked21.________is known to all is that the invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.A.What; made it possibleB. As; made it possibleC. It; made possibleD. What; made possible22.So involved in making false accounting ________ that I don‟t think this business partner is worthy ________.A.has he become; of being trustedB. he has become; to be trustedC. he becomes; to trustD. is he becoming; of trusting23.When we first arrived in ________ Detroit twenty years ago, the car production then was only one-tenth ________ it is now.A. what is now; whatB. where is now; asC. now is; thatD. which now is; than24.________ last week, she lived a quiet and happy life in that area.A.Not until the earth-moving machines cameB.The earth-moving machines cameC.Until the earth-moving machines cameD.Then came the earth-moving machines(A)Vegetarians are people who don‟t eat any animals. In the past, vegetarians was uncommon, but recently more and more people are choosing a vegetarian diet. In the USA alone there are about 13 million people ____25____ (call) themselves vegetarians and that number is expected to reach 25 million by the year 2015. There are many reasons why people think it makes sense not ____26____ (eat) animals. They can be related to religion, health, ethical or ecological concerns.People with a religious background avoid eating meat. Buddhists believe that human beings ____27____ not kill animals. Muslims and Jews don‟t have pork. Some people are becoming worried about the safety of eating meat because of the way it is farmed. Certain chemicals are used to make animals grow fast and many animals are fed food ____28____ is not part of their natural diet.Another reason for choosing to give up meat is ____29____ they consider farming animals for food is wrong and that animals have rights to live on as man does.The last major reason is ecological. Raising animals wastes natural resources ____30____ (fast) than growing crops. Much rainforest has been cleared to make farmland to raise animals for food.Human beings have always eaten meat, ____31____ there is a growing movement towards vegetarianism. ____32____ the reason you have for not eating meat, vegetarianism can make much sense.(B)Type the words “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” into an online search engine and in less than a second you will be looking at a sparkling vista of trees erupting in a starburst of pale blossom like an ____33____ (explode) firework. The phrase is the title of an Impressionist oil painting by the French master Claude Monet that belongs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. According to the museum‟s website, the painting ____34____ (complete) in 1873 in Argenteuil, France. Signe d and dated “73 Claude Monet” in the lower left corner, it ____35____ (measure) almost 1m wide and 62cm high. In 1903, ____36____ it was known as Apple Blossoms, it was bought for $2,100 by the New York art dealership Knoedler & Co. The Met acquired it in 1926.Information like this is typical of the insights that museums commonly provide about artworks in their collections. Dates, dimensions, provenance: these are the bread and butter of scholarship and art history.But by offering details about pictures ____37____ this manner, are museums fundamentally missing the point of ____38____ art is all about? One man who believes ____39____ are is the British philosopher Alain de Botton. “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” is exactly the sort of picture ____40____________ de Botton is referring: peaceful, untroubled, and reminding people of a simple pleasure of life. Yet, the Metropolitan avoids tackling any of this. Reading the online label, you would never guess that Monet had the power to summon pleasurable and soothing emotions such as these.George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class country under the sun”. Britons are surprisingly ____41____ to class - both their own and that of others. Almost everything else in England is about class and this aspect is frequently ____42____ of by other cultures.Mondeo-test is a good ____43____. Mention the Ford Mendeo to middle-class or upper-middle classes and they will sneeringly remark on it as something belonging to an insurance salesman. Some upper-middles may be too polite to laugh out loud, so you have to wash their faces carefully for the characteristics moue(撅嘴) of distaste that will be ____44____ by the word …Mondeo‟. In other words, lower-class is associated with this car. Mercedes Benz tells another story. Upper-middle class people in respectable professions, such as barristers, doctors, civil servants and senior army officers turn up their noses at the ____45____ world. In their mind, vulgar rich business people drive the …Merc‟. They might well drive a top-of-the range Audi, which costs about the same as a big Mercedes, but is regarded as more elegantly ____46____.The unwritten class rules involved in car care are even more ____47____ than those governing choice of car. The English will gauge your social rank by the appearance and condition of your car, which may be sending out even more powerful class ____48____ than the car mode. Dirty cars are connected with both the highest and lowest ends of the social ____49____, clean cars with the middle ranks. Do you wash and polish the car yourself ____50____ every weekend, in the driveway or the street outside your house? Then you are almost certainly lower-middle.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give ____51____ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber when they are ____52____ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate ____53____ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are ____54____ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become ____55____ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, ____56____ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a ____57____ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can ____58____ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business ____59____ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like ____60____, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, ____61____ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are ____62____ about others, not only themselves. ____63____, within economics courses, we should do a better job ____64____ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values - including helping others.Until then we may be dooming students and society to a fate foreshadowed by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. Calling economists “rational fools,” Sen observ ed: “The purely economic man is indeed ____65____ to being a social moron(傻子).”51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. resistant B. familiar C. eager D. closeASir William Osler has a few words for you: “In the Life of a young man, the most essential thing for happiness is the gift of friendship.” Truer words were never spoken. For what more could you ask than comradeship during the peaks and valleys of life? To whom else but a close, valuable friend can you show off your successes and complain about your failures or losses?What is a “good friend”? How is he best described? Well, it has been my observation that although many will cry with you, few can sincerely rejoice (欣喜) with you. Therefore, in my opinion, a good friend is one who can enjoy your successes without envy; one who can say, “That was wonderful! You can do it again, even better if you want!” and mean it. Nothing taxes a friendship more than the success of one and not the other. Even the closest of friendships often cannot resist such pressure and fail. No wonder many minor friendships go down day by day for the same reason.A person of good character and sound moral, of honor and humor, of courage and belief is a friend to be sought and treasured —for there are few. Too often we hear, “If you can count your good friends on more than one hand, consider yourself blessed.”And even then I would add, “Even if you have lost two fingers of that hand to the electric saw.What makes a friendship last? Well, I don‟t know all the answers, but one of my observationsis that most good friends usually have similar tastes. They generally like and dislike many of the same things. There also usually seems to exist a similarity of personality types - especially in the fundamental values of life such as honesty, sincerity, loyalty, and dependability. More often than not, birds of a feather do fly together. I don‟t think it matters a lot whether one prefers jazz or hockey to another‟s Mozart or ballet. Much other matters far more: relying, sharing, giving, getting, enjoying; a sympathetic ear always there; criticism when it can help; praise - even if only because it would help. With not many people on this earth will you find this much in common. When you find one, hang on to him, for a good friend found is a rare treasure.66. The function of Paragraph 1 is to introduce ________.A. a famous sayingB. the topic for discussionC. a famous personD. two different attitudes67. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph two?A. People don‟t have to pay taxes to develop friendship with others.B. Success of one person can promote his friendship with others.C. Friendship can be affected by the difference in success between friends.D. Nothing can affect friendship because it has gone through the peaks and valleys of life.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph three ?A. One is lucky to have many friends.B. A friend should have a good character.C. We should count our friends on more than one hand.D. A true friend should be treasured because there are few.69. According to the passage, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in a long-lasting friendship?A. Hobbies.B. Tastes.C. Personality.D. Sympathy.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help otherscan gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.70. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is________.A. to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB. to find out if one‟s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity71. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.72. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.73. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers.D. Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.CSome of the world‟s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes fr om agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world‟s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world‟s most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed t hemselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soya beans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferential ly focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.74. What does the author try to draw attention to?A. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. News headlines in the leading media.C. The decline of the grain yield growth.D. The food supply in populous countries.75. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.76. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B. They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C. They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D. They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.77. What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A. The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D. The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. `78` Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. `79` For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”`80` You mig ht represent each letter with a number, For example, Let‟s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. `81` For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.1.屡次发生的天灾人祸使许多无辜的人丧失生命。