专题十七 任务型阅读-【中考英语语法复习专项突破】

专题十七任务型阅读题型特点任务型阅读是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型,重在考查考生对阅读信息的再组织与再提炼能力.任务型阅读一般为一篇文章,分值为5~10分,个别省份达到3篇文章,分值也达到30分.所选文章体裁多样,有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等.解题方法和技巧1.句子还原型(1)题型特点:该题型要求考生阅读完一篇文章后,从题目给出的几个句子中选择正确选项,将其字母序号填入空白处,使文章意思完整,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握.通常故事情节有较明确的时间线索,首尾句通常不设空,设空以逻辑关系为线索,侧重补充完整后文章情节的合理性.(2)解题技巧:阅读文章时要把握住各个段落的中心思想,并将各段大意进行整合,理清它们之间的逻辑关系,同时关注各句子之间的逻辑关系,抓住重复词、关键词、线索词或根据段落主题句锁定答案.基本的解题步骤如下:①读选项,找关键词,理清逻辑关系.②读文章,找逻辑,抓过渡词.③先易后难来解题.④回读文章定答案.2.回答问题型(1)题型特点:此类阅读题共设五个问题,提问以特殊疑问句为主,一般疑问句、反意疑问句为辅.问题多数是针对文章中的事实细节设问,答案都能在文章中找到出处,最后一个问题若为开放性问题,答案言之有理即可.(2)解题技巧:①浏览全文,掌握主旨大意,了解作者的观点和写作意图.②细读问题,对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理.③复读全文,抓住细节.在复读全文时,还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句和结尾句,因为在首段和首句,作者往往要说明事件的起因,阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点及人物间的关系;结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等.④回答问题,言简意赅,避免照抄整个原句,要简答,并注意人称、时态和语态的变化.⑤再读全文,核对答案.3.完成表格／句子型(1)题型特点:此类题目要求考生读完一篇文章后,根据文中内容,完成相关的填空题或回答相关的问题.这种阅读联系实际,强调主观表述.(2)解题技巧:①阅读文章,领略大意,理清文章的写作思路和篇章结构,提取有用的信息.②特别注意表格前的小标题,它通常是文章的主题.读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意.③分析表格的项目内容,根据所提供的表格内容提示理清表格每空的考查点.④要带着问题有意识地在文章中寻找与答案相关的关键词语,或概括、归纳出关键词语.4.综合型(1)题型特点:此类任务型阅读是上述各种题型的综合,可以给出不同的任务让学生逐一完成.一般是在问题设计上兼顾了多种类型,既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、句型转换等,又有根据内容完成句子.完成这一题型应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息,并且经过整理输出信息.(2)解题技巧:①认真审题,读懂题意,解题前要先明确任务,做到心中有数.②快速阅读,掌握大意,大致明白所要完成的任务.③在明白题意和文章意思的基础上,仔细阅读后面的题目要求,在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分.④在初步完成所要求的任务以后,再仔细阅读所提供的短文,结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息,认真核实任务以保证答题正确.⑤任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“写”的能力.若是写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写;若所要完成的是短语或句子成分,则需谨慎对待,依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么样的表达方式,不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用.典例讲解例1(2021·湖北宜昌,第二部分第二节,10分)阅读短文,将方框里的五个句子还原到短文当中.Weiqi, as an old board game, was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago. And 1 .The playing pieces are called stones. One player uses the white stones and the other, black. The players take turns placing the stones on the game board. As we know, 2 .The stones are placed on them.Weiqi is also called “go” in the world. Learning it can not only improve people's logical(逻辑的) thinking ability, but also 3 .That's why it is more and more popular with modern people.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Weiqi traveled to Japan, and then to Europe in the 19th century. Now it has grown into an important international competition event. So far, 4 . Among them, players from China, Japan and R. O. Korea have the highest level of Weiqi.On February 19,the Chinese-English Dictionary of Weiqi Terms(术语)came out in Beijing. It's the first professional dictionary about Weiqi in China. As a symbol of Chinese culture, 5 .It also has its own way of thinking and the method of communicating. The dictionary will serve as a necessary tool and bridge for spreading Weiqi culture.【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文,介绍了围棋的历史和围棋的发展前景.1.B【解析】由上句“Weiqi, as an old board game, was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago.”可知,横线上的句子应与围棋的历史相关.2.D【解析】由后一句“The stones are placed on them.”可知,横线上的句子是描述下围棋的方法.3.C【解析】根据前半句“Learning it can not only improve people's logical thinking ability”可知,横线上的句子叙述的是下围棋的好处.4.E【解析】根据下句“Among them, players from China, Japan and R. O. Korea have the highest level of Weiqi.”可知,横线上的句子与围棋棋手有关.5.A【解析】根据下句“It also has its own way of thinking and the method of communicating.可知,横线上的句子是描述围棋的特征.例2(2021·四川泸州,第五题,10分)根据短文内容,回答文后所给出的问题.Aunt Jia had a snack stand(摊位)in our neighborhood. Her snacks never failed to satisfy my stomach. What's more, she was always patient with her customers. Even COVID-19 didn't influence her business.One day, during the last Spring Festival, I saw a large family visiting her stand. It formed a heart-warming picture: Each family member was enjoying being together. As they were leaving, I noticed Aunt Jia felt a bit sad.I was amazed. In my experience, she was always smiling. I went forward and ordered my favorite snack. When she was wrapping(打包),I couldn't help saying,“ Happy New Year, Aunt Jia! Why don't you take a break?” Aunt Jia looked surprised, but she soon replied, “Happy New Year!I love working here in this city. It's too cold and snowy in my hometown.” I became more curious(好奇的). “Where do you come from? Aren't your family waiting for you to come home for the celebration?”Aunt Jia stopped for a few seconds. “They sure are,” she answered gently. “But I have to stay here. I'm from a mountain area, where it would not be easy to make money. I'd be comfortable if I were home now. But in order to live a better life, I must work hard.” I froze, thinking about her words. Having noticed my shock, Aunt Jia smiled.To get something better, sacrifice(牺牲)is a must. This is a rule that people from all walks of life must follow.1.What business did Aunt Jia have in the neighborhood?_______________________________________________________________________________ 2.How did Aunt Jia feel after a large family visited her stand?_______________________________________________________________________________ 3.Where did Aunt Jia come from?_______________________________________________________________________________ 4.Why did Aunt Jia work hard?_______________________________________________________________________________ 5.What rule can we learn from Aunt Jia's experience?【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了贾阿姨摆摊挣钱的故事.短文告诉人们:为了让生活更美好,牺牲在所难免.1.She had a snack stand./She sold snacks.【解析】由第1段第1句“Aunt Jia had a snack stand (摊位)in our neighborhood.”可知答案.2.She felt a bit sad./A bit sad.【解析】由第2段最后1句“As they were leaving, I noticed Aunt Jia felt a bit sad.”可知答案.3.She came/was from a mountain area./From a mountain area.【解析】由第3段中的“I'm from a mountain area, where it would not be easy to make money.”可知答案.4.In order to/To live a better life.【解析】由第3段倒数第3句“But in order to live a better life, I must work hard.”可知答案.5.To get something better, sacrifice is a must.【解析】由短文最后1段第1句“To get something better, sacrifice(牺牲)is a must.”可知答案.例3(2021·浙江湖州,第四题,4分)阅读下面材料,完成任务.每空不得超过三个词.Read the following information. Complete Seb's notes.票,第三篇作为承载问题的便签,它们共同组成Paul到Seb所在地观看MegaMan的相关信息的非连续性文本.1.Wednesday 7 May或Wednesday,May7【解析】细节理解题.根据左侧文中的“I'm coming up the night before.”及右侧的票中信息“Thursday 8 May”可知Paul到达的日期是票中日期的前一天.2.East Railway Station【解析】细节理解题.根据文中的句子“Can you meet me at East Railway Station?”可知应该在火车东站接Paul.3.Liverpool Apollo Theater【解析】细节理解题.根据票上面的“Liverpool Apollo Theater”可知剧院名字.4.£25/25 pounds【解析】细节理解题.根据文中的“PS You owe me £25 for the show.”可知演出门票应该是25英镑.专题专练一、(2021·甘肃天水中考)阅读下面短文,并按要求完成1至5小题.Helping HallySam was sitting on the couch, watching television. His mom walked into the room with Hally, their dog.Mom said,“①have, we, Hally, help, to(.)”“Help her how?” asked Sam.“Do you remember when we went to pick up Hally from her litter? We picked her because she looked like her mom. She is brown with spots, with long ears, and she was energetic, so we thought she'd be strong, like her mom. But how does she look now?” Mom asked.“Well,” thought Sam,“ she's still brown with spo ts and long ears, but she's not very energetic or strong anymore.”“That's what the vet said, too. We haven't been letting her exercise as much, and we've been feeding her a lot. She would probably look just like her mom now if we had walked her more.②We have to start walking her more often. And then she'll stay healthy for a long time. Will you help?”“Sure!” said Sam. He decided that he could play fetch with her every day in the yard, because then she could run and run and run until she was tired. The first day, they only played fetch for about 10 minutes before Hally was tired. But Sam kept playing with her every day. Soon, they could play for an entire half an hour! Hally looked stronger every day, just like her mom. Sam felt great about helping Hally get strong again.1.将文中①处画线句子连词成句,标点符号已在括号内给出. ____________________________________2.阅读以下词典中litter的释义,选出文章第四行中litter的含义(标出a、b或c即可).____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.What is the problem in the story?_______________________________________________________________________________ 5.Do you think Sam and his mother love Hally? Why or why not?(List at least one reason.)_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案:【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要记叙了妈妈和萨姆的对话,讲述了家里的小狗哈利的健康状况大不如前,妈妈让萨姆意识到了这一点,最后萨姆每天陪着哈利运动,哈利又变得强壮了的故事.1.We have to help Hally.【解析】根据文章第三段萨姆的问题“Help her how?”可知,妈妈说的是“我们必须帮助哈利”.2.b【解析】根据文章第四段“Do you remember when we went to pick up Hally from her litter? We picked her because she looked like her mom.”可知,“litter”在这里意为同一个母亲同时生出的一窝动物.3.我们得开始多遛遛她了.／我们得开始多带她去散步了.(答案符合此意即可酌情赋分)4.Hally,the dog, is not energetic or strong because we've been feeding her a lot.(答案符合此意即可酌情赋分)【解析】根据文章第五段“but she's not very energetic or strong anymore”和第六段“..and we've been feeding her a lot.” 可知问题是哈利不活泼强壮了,因为喂她太多了.5.Yes,I do. Because they are willing and patient to help Hally get strong again.(本题属于开放性试题,答案不唯一,合理即可赋分,但必须列明原因)二、(2021·江西中考)阅读短文,根据短文内容从方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中.The Value of Negative ResultsWe all avoid failure(失败),and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. What does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist(存在) without the other.Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. 1 In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn from “negative (负面的)”results and that this can finally lead to positive results.2 The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute(机构)of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn't in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company had failure parties to study the drugs(药物)that don't work.In fact, one of the business world's most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product's makers learned from their mistakes. 3 The product, thoughunique(独特的)at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点) didn't work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple's biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple's CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company's most successful products.4 Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent (执着的).Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn't available until 2007.It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort became successful.All in all, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. 5答案【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要阐述了成功与失败并存,没有失败哪来成功－负面结果的价值.1.F【解析】由空格前一句“We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success.”可知,人们不愿接受失败,再由空格后一句“In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests.”可知,科学杂志出版了失败测试的报告,由此可知此处应该是讲“失败”在商业和科学上的变化.2.D【解析】由后句“T he ABN AMRO bank started an Institute( 机构)of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn't in banking.”可知商界也开始明白失败的价值了.3.C【解析】由设空处后面句子“The product, though unique(独特的)at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点) didn't work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple's biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple's CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it.”可知,乔布斯开始探寻提升这种产品的方法,故此空应引出这种产品.4.G【解析】由后文“Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in1998, the finst iPhone wasn't available until 2007."可知,虽然苹果在1998年就停止销售Newton,第一代iPhone直到2007年才上市.故此处应用与“Apple”有关的句子,由此可定位于G项“Apple Newton的故事给我们上了关于失败的重要一课”.5.A【解析】由前句“Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin.”可知,失败和成功就像硬币的两面,由此可定位于A项“一个真的离不开另一个”.三、(2021·山东枣庄中考)读下面的一篇文章,在答题卡的1~5每个题目下做简单的笔记.Do you know what a resolution is? It's a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people. (“Mom, I promise I'm going to tidy my room when I get back from school.”)However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year's resolutions. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives. Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. This helps them to remember their resolutions. Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.There are different kinds of resolutions. Some are about physical health. For example, some people promise themselves they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. These are about making yourself a better person. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork. For example, a student may have to find more time to study.Although there are differences, most resolutions have one thing in common. People hardly ever keep them! There are good reasons for this. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. Sometimes people just forget about them. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! How about you-will you make any next year?1.The meaning of a resolution: _____________________________________________________2. The reason why people usually make resolutions at the beginning of the year:_______________________________________________________________________________3.The way people remember their resolutions: _________________________________________4.What the three different kinds of resolutions are about:①__________________ ②__________________ ③__________________5.Write two of your own resolutions for the Year of Ox(牛年):①__________________ ②__________________答案:【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文.文章主要阐述了“新年决心”的相关问题.1.It's a kind of promise.【解析】根据第一段第1、2句“Do you know what a resolution is? It's a kind of promise.”可得出答案.2.People hope that they are going to improve their lives.【解析】根据第一段“When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope t hat we are going to improve our lives.”可知答案为“People hope that they are going to improve their lives.”.3.Writing down their resolutions.【解析】根据第一段“Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. This helps them to remember their reso lutions.”可知人们通过写下自己的决定来记住它们.4. ① physical health ② self-improvement ③better planning【解析】根据第二段“Some are about physical health.”“Many resolutions have to do with self- improvement.”“Some resolutions have to do with better planning.”可知答案为“身体健康”“自我提升”和“更好的计划”.5. I will go to high school./ I will travel to Beijing...(开放性试题,答案不唯一.)。