(新教材)【人教版】20版《高中全程学习方略》选择性必修一Unit 2 Learning about Language(英语)
(2) 完成句子 ①More expressways _w_i_l_l _b_e_b_u_i_lt_in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 四川将很快建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。 ②I bet Jack _w_i_ll_s_t_il_l_b_e_s_l_e_ep__in_g_when we get home. 我敢打赌我们到家时Jack还在睡觉。
(2)At this time next Friday my mother _w_i_ll_b__e_g_i_vi_n_g_(give) a report in the hall and my father _w__il_l _b_e_f_ly_i_n_g_(fly) to America.
【要义详析】 一、将来进行时 ﹡定义: 将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动 作, 或表示要在将来某一时间开始, 并继续下去的动作, 常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。 ﹡基本结构: 主语+will/shall be +doing
2. 表示现在正在进行的动作, 但这个动作会延续到将来。 *I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。 *I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第二天早上。
②— Could I borrow your car to pick up a friend from the airport this afternoon as mine is broken? —Sorry, but I _w_i_ll_b__e_u_s_in_g_(use)my car at that moment. ③This time next week we _s_h_a_ll_b__e_w_o_r_k_i_n_g_(work) in that factory.
﹡用法: 1. 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作, 一般带状语。 *What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你会做什么? *When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时, 我将在写报告。
③Will you _b_e_u__si_n_g_(use)your bicycle at 7: 00 p. m. ? (2)Just think! This time next week we _w_i_ll_b_e__s_it_ti_n_g_(sit)in the sun in the south of France. (3)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she _w_i_ll_b__e_t_ea_c_h_i_n_g_(teach) a class at that time.
6. 表示结果。 *Stop the child or he will be falling over. 阻止那个孩子, 要不然他会摔跤的。 7. 表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测) *My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作, 返回北京。
用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况:
*Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿) *Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
【即学活用】 (1)语法填空 ①—What time is it? —I have no idea. But just a minute, I _w_i_ll_c_h_e_c_k_(check) it for you.
3. 表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。 *Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我将飞往孟买。 *After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完药后, 你会感觉好很多。
4. 表示委婉的请求。 *When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候能再见面? 5. 表示原因。 *Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 请明天下午过来。明天上午我将有一个会议。
二、间将要发生的动作和状 态, 基本结构是: 主语+will/shall do; 将来进行时是指 将来某个时间正在进行的动作, 基本结构是: 主语 +will/shall be +doing。 *I’ll read a book tomorrow. 明天我要看书。
Unit 2 Looking into the Future Learning About Language
将来进行时的用法(the future progressive tense) 【情境探究】
观察上面对话, 并类比填空: (1)Tom _w_i_l_l _d_e_li_v_e_ra speech next Friday. Tom下周五将发表一个演讲。
④Don’t worry, you won’t miss her. She _w__il_l_b_e_ _w_e_a_r_in_g_(wear) a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. ⑤—What are you doing, Jack? —Make a model plane. I _w_i_ll__b_e_s_h_o_w_i_n_g_(show) it in the science class at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.
【即学活用】 (1)语法填空 ①“You’d better not ring me up between 9 and 10. I _w_i_ll_b_e__h_a_v_in_g_(have)an important meeting then, ” Dr. Lee said. ②If we keep working hard like this, we _w_i_ll_b_e__m_a_k_i_n_g_(make)a miracle.
*I’ll be reading a book at 10: 00 tomorrow. 明天十点我将正在看书。
2. 将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述, 而一般将来时除表示时间概念外, 还带有感情色彩。 *Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天将正在割草。 *Tom will cut the grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天愿意割草。
3. 两者均可表示将来, 但用将来进行时语气更委婉。 *When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还钱? (似乎在直接讨债) *When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢? (委婉地商量)
【名师点津】will不简单 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思, 而
(新教材)【人教版】20版《高中全程学习方略》必修一2(地理)
2.大气受热过程和大气运动: 重点掌握低层大气,其高度不超过对流层顶。 (1)大气受热过程,实际上是太阳辐射、地面辐射和大 气辐射之间相互转化的过程,需要学生掌握大气的热源, 以及大气是怎样受热的。在大气受热过程中出现的 “温室效应”及其作用因与实际生活关系密切,可以作 为重点学习的内容。大气热力环流是理解大气运动需 要的基本原理。
第二章 地球上的大气
【单元概览】
【素养纵览】
【学法通览】 1.大气的组成和垂直分层: (1)大气的组成要点:一是大气的组成成分以及不同成 分的占比情况,二是组成成分与人类、生命有机体息息 相关。
(2)大气分层的依据一般按大气温度随高度分布的特征, 大气分层可以简单分为对流层、平流层和高层大气。 每一层的特征可从气温的垂直变化、气流的运动状况, 以及一些物理特性等方面描述。 (3)大气的组成和垂直分层与人类活动的学习和说明大气受热过程,需要借用一些原理示意 图,如大气温室效应示意图、大气热力环流形成示意图 等,也可借助一些模拟实验,落脚点是学生能否知道这 些知识在生产生活中有什么作用及如何运用。
(3)运用大气受热过程和热力环流的原理可以解释生产 生活中的一些现象,如一日中最高气温通常出现在午后 2点、气温随海拔升高而降低、城市热岛效应、温室大 棚等。
《全程复习方略》高中英语课件 人教版：必修1 Unit 2 English around the world
2. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. (such. . . as. . . 像……这样的) 【仿写】我们的社区没有像他这样的人。 _T_h_e_r_e_i_s_n_o__s_u_c_h_m__a_n__a_s_h_i_m_in our neighborhood.
3. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. (the way+定语从句) 【仿写】很多人喜欢《中国好声音》(the Voice of China)评定歌手的 方法。 Many people like _t_h_e_w__a_y_(t_h_a_t_/i_n_w__h_ic_h_)_a__si_n_g_e_r_i_s_j_u_d_g_e_d_in the Voice of China.
when Noah Webster 8. _w_r_o_t_e (write) The American Dictionary of the English Language. Today the number of people who 9. _a_r_e_l_e_a_r_n_in_g_ (learn)English in China is increasing 10. _r_a_p_id__ly_ (rapid). Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
【语境应用】用所给词的正确形式填空 ①He closed his letter with _ex_p__re_s_s_io_n_(express)of grateful thanks. ②He _c_o_m_m__a_n_d_e_d_(command)us to finish the work in a month. ③Airplanes are struck by lightning _fr_e_q_u_e_n_t_ly_(frequent). ④The guide _r_e_q_u_e_st_e_d_(request)that I should not park my car here.
(新教材)【人教版】20版《高中全程学习方略》选择性必修一Unit 1 Learning about Language(英语)
非限制性定语从句 【情境探究】
观察上面对话, 并完成句子: (1)Tom broke the window, _w__h_ic_h_made his mother angry. 汤姆打碎了窗户, 让他妈妈很生气。 (2)The father was repairing the desk _w_h_i_c_h_/_t_h_a_twas broken by his son. 这位父亲正在修理被他儿子弄坏的桌子。
【即学活用】 用who, whom和whose填空 (1)(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, _w_h_o_has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2)Peter, _w_h__o_m_you met in London, is now back in Paris.
词省 b. 可用that
略 b. 不可用that
*This is the fact that I have collected till now. 这就是我迄今收集到的事实。(限制性定语从句, 先行 词是the fact) *The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 那部小说, 我昨晚读的那本, 非常有趣。(非限制性定 语从句, 先行词是the novel)
*I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home. 我星期日离开的, 当时人人都在家。
2020新上教版高中英语选择性必修一unit2课文及翻译
Unit 2 Making a differenceA Reading and InteractionIsland story“When I was a little boy,I loved to go fishing in the sea with my spear,” says John Sailike, sadly. “When I leave the island,I’ll lose the sea and the happiness of this place.I’ll miss the sound of the waves at night ... I won’t hear it any more.”John is a fisherman from the Carteret Islands in the South Pacific,a beautiful and peaceful semicircle of white sand,palm trees and crystal clear waters.Each day,he goes out in a small boat to catch fish for his family,while his wife looks after the children and grows vegetables in their garden.The family lives in a wood hut with sand floors and they don’t use much electricity,so when the sun goes down,it is usually time for bed.This peaceful,underdeveloped place has a tiny population and only one contact with the outside world—a ship which brings supplies from Bougainville,a large island 86 km away.But all this is about to change,because John,along with 3,000 other people,is leaving his island home.The question is,why?Take a closer look at the islands and the reason becomes clear.The Carterets are the victim of global warming.High tides often flood across the villages and wash away people’s homes.Salt water from the sea is overflowing into vegetab le gardens and destroying fruit trees.It’s polluting the fresh water supply too.Islanders are struggling to survive on coconut milk and fish,and children are suffering from malnutrition.The dying trees are home to mosquitoes that spread diseases,like malaria.John and his fellow islanders are facing great challenges,and they know that life on the island is coming to an end.Experts predict that the Carterets will be under water in the not-so-distant future.Before then, the islanders will relocate to places like Bougainville and rebuild their lives.This move will provide people with food and shelter,but what will happen to their culture?The islanders have songs for different everyday activities,and traditions and celebrations linked to the sea.They also have t heir own language,called “Halia”.If they coexist with other cultures,this may die out.“We’re losing our home,our identity,our whole life,” says one islander. “We hope the world is listening.” It is.In recent years,articles in international newspapers,online videos and an Oscar-nominated documentary film called Sun Come Up have talked about the Carteret Islands. People have supported the islanders and as a result,they have turned their anger and frustration into action.People are also looking for ways to preserve the islanders’ way of life and record their language and traditions for future generations.Back on the island,John Sailike is getting into his boat for the last time.He’s saying goodbye to his home andto his ancestors.He does not know what the future will bring;he does not know if his culture will survive.He is the human face of climate change.【参考译文】岛的故事“当我还是个小男孩的时候，我喜欢拿着我的矛去海里钓鱼，”约翰·塞里克悲伤地说。
选择性必修一Unit2知识点课文翻译
Unit 2 Onwards and upwardsUnderstanding ideasWe Regret to Inform you..."We regret to inform you... " These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well. The response from a publisher es back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it,their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life 's work, yet still this is often not enough. Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.inform v._____________ n._____________the words that every writer dreads receiving... that引导_____从句修饰_____dread ____________ the response from____________ previously adv. ____________ rejection n. ____________➡v.拒绝接受；拒绝接纳____________我们很抱歉地通知您...段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Take for example J.K. Rowling. When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in mon with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing. When she finally finished her first book, she received ments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”,“too long”,“Children would not be interested in it”. Nevertheless, she persevered. “I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I often feared that would happen, " she later posted. After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.take for example _____________________ have...in mon ____________________spend some time doing sth ____________ along the lines of _____________________ nevertheless adv.__________persevere v.____________➡__________________turn down____________ turn up____________as we know,... as 引导的是____________从句，翻译为____________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection. J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works published.“We feel that we don’t know the central character well enough " was the criticism he received on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye. Despite rejections from several publishers, J.D. Salinger refused to give up. Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate bestseller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.criticism n._________➡criticise v._________➡critical adj.__________➡critic n.____________ start doing sth = start to do sth _________________ get sth done____________the criticism he received on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye.省略了关系词____________的_____从句，修饰the criticismstruggle to do sth____________ refuse to do sth ____________work on____________go on to do sth ____________ go on doing sth____________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to bee writers. As the then Poet Laureate, Robert Southey, wrote to one of them: "Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life, and it ought not to be." Nevertheless, the sisters didn't stop trying. Their response was to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn't give up. They started writing novels, and today Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights and Anne Bronte's Agnes Grey are regarded as classics of world literature. In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: "I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends..."who dreamt of seeing their words in 、print. who引导的______从句，修饰_________go to sb __________ dream of/about doing sth_________ encourage to do sth_________ ought to do sth______________ endurance n.___________ industry n.___________it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words... 是_______句型基本结构是：_________________________________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key,Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”guarantee v._________ n.__________ play a part_______________delight adj.____________ delight. n._______________delightful. adj.____________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________Unit2Developing ideas & Other partsThree Days to seeI have often thought it would he a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.appreciative adj.___________appreciate.v.__________appreciation.n.__________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently, I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed. "Nothing in particular," she replied.now and then_____________ seeing 现在分词作_____修饰________ in particular________I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed. who引导的_____从句，修饰_____，who在从句中作_____段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight? And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say for just three days. How was it possible,=It’s possible to do sth __________________worthy.adj.__________worth adj_____________ be worth doing ___________I who cannot see ... who引导_____从句，修饰____get pleasure from ___________ reveal__________ by sight ___________...if I were...所在的句子if引导_______句，与_______事实相反，be用were段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and panionship have made my life worth living.I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that window of the soul", the eye. I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face. I should like to see the books which have been read to me, and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit. In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my night, I should not be able to sleep.the people whose kindness and gentleness and panionship have made my life worth living. whose引导_____从句，修饰____ 在从句中作____panionship n._____________ panion n. _____________the books which have been read to me, and which have revealed to me...两个which均引导_____从句，修饰____ 在从句中作____段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ On my second day, 1 should like to see the pageant of man's progress, and I should go to the museums. I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art. The things I knew through touch 1 should now see. The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies.. probe n.____________v._______________probe into ___________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. Today I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life.dawn n.__________ greet the dawn__________ at dawn__________ at dusk_________delight n.__________ delightful adj.__________ delighted adj.__________go about_________ going about the business of life.作定语修饰__________段落翻译__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At midnight permanent night would close in on me again. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.permanent adj.________permanently adv._____________permanence n._____________反义词temporary adj._______________descend v._____________n._____________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________I who am blind can give one hint to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can be applied to the other senses. Hear the music of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of an orchestra, as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail.Smell the perfume of flowers, taste with relish each morsel, as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful.(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller)I who am blind can give one hint to those who see:第一个who引导______从句，修饰______第二个who引导______从句，修饰______give one hint to sb____________ be applied to__________ apply to_________apply for______As if/as though引导方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气：①若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式（be用______）②若表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语用____________③若表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语用____________段落翻译_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________。
(新教材)【人教版】20版《高中全程学习方略》选择性必修一Unit 2 Reading and Thinking(英语)
【阅读微技巧】
1. persuade vt. 说服; 劝说; 使某人相信 *(2017·北京高考)She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to contribute to the cause. 她开始主办商界领袖午餐会, 在午餐上她会尽力说服 当地的商界领袖为这一事业做出贡献。
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息 1. What’s the main idea of the text? A. Smart home will focus on people’s health issues. B. Smart home is a new but controversial technology. C. Smart home will make our life easier in many ways. D. Smart home will make human beings lazy.
C. The home of today is as perfect as the home of tomorrow. D. The new technology that will be brought to use in most homes in the near future is already being used in some homes.
11. voice _c_o_m__m_a_n_d__s (指令) 12. forget their_w_a_r_n_i_n_g_ (警告) 13. one _p_o_t_e_n_t_ia_l (潜在的)weakness 14. _d_e_t_e_c_t (发现)problems 15. all _a_v_a_il_a_b_le_ (可获得的)resources
(新教材)20《高中全程学习方略》必修一课件：1.2.2(数学)
1.2. 2全称量词命题与存在量词命题的否定新版课程标准 =★水平一11 •能从教材实例巾归纳总结出含冇一个量词的全称量词命题与它们的否定在形I1. 能正确使用存在量词对全称量i 式上的变化规律・（数学抽象） iII溟聲提示如果您在现石木年件旳辻 芳中出"••字他泉・折吳 同幷宥幻灯片・ 可正*恋・学业水平要求词命题进行否定[2.能从教材实例中归纳总结出含冇一个量词的存在量词命题与它们的否定在形]2. 能正确使用全称量词对存在量|式上的变化规律・（数学抽象）；词命题进行否定]3.能正确地对含冇一个量词的全称量词命题或存在量词命题进行否定・（逻辑推理门•:★水平二1I I=能利用命题与它的否定只能一真一假解答简单的问题・（逻辑推理）:必备知识•素养奠基仁命题的否定⑴定义：对命题P加以否定，就得到一个新的命题，记作“「P”，读作“非P”或“P 的否定”・(2)结论：如果一个命题是真命题，那么这个命题的否定就应该是假命题；反之亦然.2存在量词命题的否定3 •全称量词命题的否定【思考】用自然语言描述的全称量词命题的否定形式唯一吗?提示：不唯一,如形都是平行四边形〃〃所有的菱形都是平行四边形"，它的否定是,〃并不是所有的菱【素养小测】1 •思维辨析(对的打“十'，错的打“X”)(1)命题「P的否定是p. ()(2)3xGM, p(x)与VxeM, -1p(x)的真假性相反.()(3)从存在量词命题的否定看，是对“量词”和“p(x)”同时否定.(提示：(1)/命题P与一ip互为否定.(2) /存在量词命题p与其否定「p—真一假.⑶X.尽管存在量词命题的否定是全称量词命题,只是对〃p(x)”进行否定，而将〃存在量词〃调整为〃全称量词〃，不能将其理解为〃同时否定〃■2设命题p：A.3XG(-1,B.3XG(-1,C.VXG(-1,D.Vx$(,vxe(-i,1), |x|v11), |x|X1)，|x|N1)，|X|邛1), |x|<1,则「p为【解析】选B・命题p是全称量词命题,其否定「P为axe(-1 z 1) , |x|>1.3•设命题p：有些三角形是直角三角形，则「p为_____________ .【解析】命题p是存在量词命题，「p为任意三角形不是直角三角形. 答案：任意三角形不是直角三角形==关键能力•素养形成=类型一存在量询,叩泌tl'J 口'疋【典例】仁命题p： 3x>0, x+ =2,则一ip为（）A.Vx>0, X4- =2B.Vx>0, x+ #2C.Vx<0, x+ =2D.Vx<0, x+ #2£XX XX X£ 22已知命题p：存在kGR,使得函数y=(k-3)x+k的图象不经过定点M,若命题p是假命题，则点M的坐标为3•写出下列存在量词命题的否定，并判断所得命题的真假:(1)p：有些头数的绝对值是正数.(2)q：某些平行四边形是菱形.(3)r： 3X GR, X2+1<0.(4)s： 3x, yWZ,使得x+y=3.【思维•弓I】1・一方面要改变量词，另一方2依据原命题和其否定一真一假解答.3.找准量词和结论z分别进行改变和否定.面要否疋结论•【解析】L选B.该命题的否定一《p : Vx>0 , x+工2.2•因为命题p是假命题,所以是真命题，即任意1 kGR，使得函数y二(k・3)x+k的图象经过定点M ,易知一点M的念标为(-1 , 3). X 答案：(-1, 3)3.(1)—p : 〃所有实数的绝对值都不是正数" ,由P是真命题可知「P是假命题.(2)—: 〃每一个平行四边形都不是菱形〃•由q是真命题可知是假命题.⑶: /y VxGR , x2+l>0" •因为vxGR z x2>0 , 所以x2+lnO",所以一r是真命题.(4)「s : "LX, yez, x+y^3” ,由s是真命题可知一s是假命题.【内化•悟】写出存在量词命题的否定后，如何检验是否正确？提示:—方面检查是否改写了量词和否定了结论z另一方面可以依据原命题和其否定一真一假检验.【类题•通】1 •对存在量词命题否定的两个步骤(1)改变量词：把存在量词换为恰当的全称量词.(2)否定结论：原命题中的“有”“存在”等更改为“没有”“不存在”等.2存在量词命题否定后的真假判断存在量词命题的否定是全称量词命题，其真假性与存在量词命题相反；要说明一个存在量词命题是真命题，只需要找到一个实例即可.【习练•破】写出这些命题的否定，并判断所得命题的真假：(1)p:某些梯形的对角线互相平分.(2)q：存在一个XER,使=0.(3)r：在同圆中，有的等弧所对的圆周角不相等.(4)s：存在kGR,函数y=kx+b随x的值增大而减小.1x-1【解析］(l)「p :任意一个梯形的对角线都不互相平分•由P是真命题可知一ip是假命题.⑵一＞q :任意xwR ,使工0 ,由q是假命题可矢口—是負命题・X-11⑶：在同圆中，任意等弧所对的圆周角相等•由「是假命题可知「r为真命题. ⑷「s :任意kwR ,函数y二kx+b随x的值增大而增大或不变当k<0时，函数y二kx+b随x的值増大而减小,所以s是真命题z「s是假命题.【加练個】判断下列命题是全称量词命题还是存在量词命题，并写出这些命题的否定.(1)有一个奇数不能被3整除.(2)VxGZ, X?与3的和不等于0.(3)有些三角形的三个内角都为60。
(新教材)20《高中全程学习方略》必修一课件：2.2.4.1(数学)
2.2.4均值不等式及其应用第1课时均值不等式★水平一1 •能通过对两个正数的算术平均值与几何平均值的比较抽象岀均值不等式・（数学捕象）2 •能够利用求差法推导均值不等式，理解均值不等式的几何意义. （逻辑推理、直观想象）具体实例°能用均值不等式解决简单的最大3 •明确均值不等式的形式及等号成立的条件•会用均值不等式解决★水平二掌握均值不等式•学会灵活变换条件使用均值不等式解决最值问题.（逻辑推理、数学运算） 新版课程标准学业水平要求溟聲提示如果您在现石木年件旳辻 芳中出"••字他泉・折吳 同幷宥幻灯片・ 可正*恋・掌握均值不等式今2皿（％〉0）・结合值或最小值问题. 简单的最大值或最小值问题•（逻辑推理、数学运算）必备知识•素养奠基1 •均值不等式(基本不等式)(1)算术平均值与几何平均值前提给定两个正数a，b数瞬为a，b的算术平均值结论数幽为e b的几何平均值(2)均值不等式【思考】(1)算术平均值的实质是什么？提示:数a , b在数轴上对应的点的中点坐标.(2)均值不等式中的a, b只能是具体的某个数吗？提示：a , b既可以是具体的某个数，也可以是代数式.(3)均值不等式的叙述中，“正数”两个字能省略吗?请举例说明.提示：不能,如是不成立的.(-3) + (-4)>V(-3)x(-4)22 •均值不等式与最值两个正数的积为常数时，它们的和有最小值; 两个正数的和为常数时，它们的积有最大值.【思考】通过以上结论可以得岀，利用均值不等式求最值要注意哪几方面？提示：求最值时,要注意三个条件z即〃—正〃z〃二定〃,〃三相等〃⑴两个不等式a2+b2>2ab与同的.()(2)当a>0, b>0时a+b>2 .(⑶当a>0, b>0时abs .(成立的条件是相))a + b.【素养小测】1 •思维辨析(对的打“十'，错的打“X”)——>22⑷函数y=x+的最小平是2.()X1 x提示:⑴x ・不等式a2+b2»2ab 成立的条件是a 不窖式 成立的条件是a>0 , b>0.(2) /均值不等式的变形公式.(3) /均值不等式的变形公式.⑷X.当xv 0吨的是字数----- >Vab22下列不等式正确的是（）倔曲弦A为护>0 ,所以成立.aB.(-a)+(—) S —2aC.a2+4>2茁D.(-a)~+(—)2W —2a3 •不等式a2+1>2a中等号成立的条件是__________ ・【解析】当a2+1=2a ,即(a-1)2=0时〃二”成立，此时答案：a=1==关键能力•素养形成类型一对均值刁、寺HZ"生用牛【典例】1 •若a, beR,且ab>0,则下列不等式中，恒成立的是()A.a2+b2>2abB.a+b>2C. D.1 1 2-+->-= a b Jab2不等式a+l>2世纪金榜导学号A.a=OB・a= c.a=1) D.a=2【思维•引】利用均值不等式时需注意使用条件.【解析】1 •选D.对于A项,当a=b时，应有aJb—2ab , 所以A项错；对于B , C ,条件ab>0 ,只能说明a z b同号，当a , b都小于0时，B , C错误;对于D项，因为ab>0 z所以，所以M>o a b2•选C•因如。
(新教材)【人教版】20版《高中全程学习方略》选择性必修一Unit 2 Using Language(英语)
*(2019·江苏高考) With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding and natural reproduction. 在他们的耐心和努力下, 他们成功地将“人工繁殖” 和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。
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(新教材)20《高中全程学习方略》必修一课件：1.2.1(数学)
1.2常用逻辑用语1.2.1命题与量词溟聲提示如果您在现石木年件旳辻芳中出"••字他泉・折吳同幷宥幻灯片・定义可供真假判断的陈述语句分类真命题：判断为真的语句假命题：判断为假的语句注意数学中的命题，经常借助符号和式子来表送一个命题，要么是真命题，要么是假命题，不能同时既是真命题又是假命题1 •命题必备知识•素养奠基2全称量词与全称量词命题(1)全称量词：“任意” “所有”“每一个, 称量词,用符号表示."在陈述中表示所述事物的全体，称为全(2)全称量词命题：含有全称量词的命题，叫做全称量词命题.(3)符号表示：“对集合M中的所有元素x,「(x)”.可简记为：VxeM, r(x).【思考】常见的全称量词还有哪些？提示：常见的全称量词还有〃一切〃〃全部"〃任给〃〃凡是"等.3 •存在量词与存在量词命题⑴存在量词：“存在”“有”“至少有一个^ 称为存在量词，用符号“丁‘表示.”在陈述中表示所述事物的个体或部分,(2)存在量词命题：含有存在量词的命题，叫做存在量词命题.(3)符号表示：“存在集合M中的元素x, s(x)”.可简记为：3xGM, s(x).s【思考】常见的存在量词还有哪些？提示：常见的存在量词还有〃有些"〃有一个〃〃对某些〃等.【素养小测】1 •思维辨析(对的打“十'，错的打“X”)(1)全称量词命题是陈述某集合中所有元素都具有某种性质的命题. ((2)存在量词命题是陈述某集合中存在一个或部分元素具有某种性质的命题.()(3)全称量词命题一定含有全称量词.()提示:(1)/全称量词命题中的全称量词表明给定范围内所有对象都具有某一性质Z 无一例外，强调〃整体、全部〃•_ _ _ (2)/存在量词命题中的存在量词则表明给定范围内的对象有例外，强调〃个别、部分〃・(3)x.有些命题虽然没有写出全称量词，但其意义具备称量词命题z如〃正数大于0”即〃所有正数都大于0”任意性〃，这类命题也是全 ,故说法是错误的.2.卜列命题中是存在量词命题的是A.VxeR, x2>0B.axeR, x2<0C・平行四边形的对边不平行D.矩形的任一组对边都不相等【解析］选B.A , C z D是全称量词命题,B是存在量词命题.3 •下列命题中是全称量词命题并且是真命题的是（）A•每个二次函数的图象都开口向上B.存在实数X,平方为8C.所有菱形的四条边都相等D.存在一个实数X。