美国文学史之The Southern Renaissance faulkner
Light in August
• The Joe Christmas and Gail Hightower story line (Joe Christmas, Joanna Burden, Gail Hightower) • The Lena Grove story line(Lena Grove, Byron Bunch, Lucas Burch) • Theme: evils of racial discrimination with the assertion of the health life of primitive man. • Writing technique: flashback
“Aristocratic” families in Yoknapatawpha Novels
• Novels of the Sartories: Sartories; The Unvanquished, etc. • Novels of the Compsons: The Sound and the Fury, etc. • Novels of The Sutpens: Absalom, Absalom; etc. • Novels of the McCaslins: Go down, Moses; etc.
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
great-grandfather, Colonel William Faklner) Oxford, Lafayette County (1902) Royal Flying Corps in Canada (1918) The help of Philip Stone and Sherwood Anderson The Marble Faun (1924); Soldier’s Pay (1926) A trip to Europe (1925) 1929: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury, Estelle Nobel Prize (1950) Died of heart attack in Oxford (1962)
families • “ When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral; the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument” ( A Rose for Emily)
Lecture Twenty-one
The Southern Renaissance & William Faulkner (18971962)
The Southern Renaissance
• • • •
Agricultural South Vs. Industrial North Slavery Vs. Equality Major themes of the southern literature: the aristocratic lifestyle on the Plantation; in defense of or criticizing the slavery; the superiority of the White; a nostalgic feeling to the prosperous past. • Katherine Anne Porter, Eudora Welty, Carson McCullers, Flannery O’Connor, William Faulkner
• Major themes: • 1)modern society as a spiritual wasteland; • 2) the juxtaposition of the past and the present, nature and society with the assertion of the healthy life of the primitive man.
• Novels of the Bundrens: As I Lay Dying, etc. • Novels of the Snopes: The Hamlet, The Mansion, etc. • Faulkner’s double attitudes to the “Aristocratic
Plot and Characters
• A story of the decay and downfall of an old Southern aristocrБайду номын сангаасtic family (the Compsons) from the past to the present; • Characters: Mr. and Mrs. Compson, Caddy, Benjy, Quentin, Jason, Dilsey
Artistry of Faulkner’s novels
• Characterization: to ensure the autonomy of characters • Narrative method: authorial transcendence; multiple points of view; unreliable narrator. • To fragment the chronological time • Stream-of-consciousness technique • Symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions • Language: ranging from regional dialects to Complicated syntax and highly elaborate sentence structure.
Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha Novels
• historical period: from very early before the civil War up to the 1920s • Characters: • people of a stratified society, the aristocrats, the new rich, the poor whites, and the blacks. • Overall pattern of these novels: • Tracing the downfall of an aristocratic family • the collision of his intelligent, sensitive, and idealistic protagonist with the society of the twentieth century.
“Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,// That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,// And then is heard no more; it is a tale// Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,// Signifying nothing”. (Macbeth)
Some features of the novel
• • • • • • • Four narrators with Benjy the first one Disorder of the time sequence Chapter One: April 7th 1928 Chapter Two: June 2nd 1910 Chapter Three: April 6th 1928 Chapter Four: April 8th 1928 Stream of Consciousness
Characterization and Theme
• Benjy: an idiot, a curse on the family • Quentin: a person living in the past; his suicide is a negation of the present • Jason: rational and evil modern society • Dilsey: the black servant full of love and passion • Theme: deterioration and loss of innocence
New Albany, Mississippi (1897) (with a prominent
Works (19 novels and 75 short stories)
• 1) “story-novel”: • with its emphasis on a single incident or character • The Unvanquished; Go Down, Moses; Knight’s Gambit, etc. • 2)novel of formal juxtaposition: • with emphasis on the presentation of a state of mind or attitude through interior monologue • The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, etc.
Absalom, Absalom
• Some Characters: Thomas Sutpen, Henry, Judith, Charles Bon, Miss Rosa, Quentin Compson • Theme: doom brought by the denial of humanity
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美国文学史及选读Chapter 15
universal applicability.
e.g. Ellen Glasgow(1874-1945): Virginia
William Faulkner (1896-1962): The Sound and the Fury they keep reminding the world of the existence of the
Chapter 15. the Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner
--dropped out of high school in 1915. joined the British Royal Flying Corps in Canada in 1918, the war ended when he had just finished his basic training.
3. Plantation aristocracy—classical Greek model. The chevalier society that settled down in the South developed into a plantation aristocracy
4. Lost cause. “Lost Cause” implies that people are doomed to be defeated but they still fight.
resilient south. They have made the southern literary renaissance a fact of history.
Chapter 15. the Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner
e.g. Ellen Glasgow(1874-1945): Virginia
William Faulkner (1896-1962): The Sound and the Fury they keep reminding the world of the existence of the
Chapter 15. the Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner
--dropped out of high school in 1915. joined the British Royal Flying Corps in Canada in 1918, the war ended when he had just finished his basic training.
3. Plantation aristocracy—classical Greek model. The chevalier society that settled down in the South developed into a plantation aristocracy
4. Lost cause. “Lost Cause” implies that people are doomed to be defeated but they still fight.
resilient south. They have made the southern literary renaissance a fact of history.
Chapter 15. the Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner
美国文学史之TheSouthernRenaissancefaulkner
protagonist with the society of the twentieth century.
• Major themes:
• 1)modern society as a spiritual wasteland;
• 2) the juxtaposition of the past and the present, nature and society with the assertion of the healthy life of the primitive man.
Works (19 novels and 75 short stories)
• 1) “story-novel”: • with its emphasis on a single incident or
character • The Unvanquished; Go Down, Moses; Knight’s
• Combining “the virtues of the short story…with the illusion of the density and of the complexity of life typical of the novel proper.”
• The Hamlet; Absalom, Absalam! ,etc.
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
New Albany, Mississippi (1897) (with a prominent great-grandfather, Colonel William Faklner)
Oxford, Lafayette County (1902) Royal Flying Corps in Canada (1918) The help of Philip Stone and Sherwood Anderson The Marble Faun (1924); Soldier’s Pay (1926) A trip to Europe (1925) 1929: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury, Estelle Nobel Prize (1950) Died of heart attack in Oxford (1962)
• Major themes:
• 1)modern society as a spiritual wasteland;
• 2) the juxtaposition of the past and the present, nature and society with the assertion of the healthy life of the primitive man.
Works (19 novels and 75 short stories)
• 1) “story-novel”: • with its emphasis on a single incident or
character • The Unvanquished; Go Down, Moses; Knight’s
• Combining “the virtues of the short story…with the illusion of the density and of the complexity of life typical of the novel proper.”
• The Hamlet; Absalom, Absalam! ,etc.
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
New Albany, Mississippi (1897) (with a prominent great-grandfather, Colonel William Faklner)
Oxford, Lafayette County (1902) Royal Flying Corps in Canada (1918) The help of Philip Stone and Sherwood Anderson The Marble Faun (1924); Soldier’s Pay (1926) A trip to Europe (1925) 1929: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury, Estelle Nobel Prize (1950) Died of heart attack in Oxford (1962)
Southern-Renaissance(南方文艺复兴)
formation
• Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have emerged a few generations of southern writers who have all tried to root their works in the south with a view to achieving universal applicability.
writing.
1919 and 1920
1925
attended the University of Mississippi in Oxford, dropping out in November
1920.
his first novel
published, Soldier's pay军饷.
1927
died of a thrombosisrelated heart attack, aged 64.
Writing Style
• Faulkner was known for his experimental style with meticulous attention to diction and cadence. Faulkner made frequent use of "stream of consciousness" in his writing, and wrote often highly emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, and sometimes Gothic or grotesque stories of a wide variety of characters.
美国文学Unit 9
William Cuthbert Faulkner
Originally Falkner, a southerner from Mississippi, a “provincial” writer with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness, mainly in his imaginary Yoknapatawpha County—an allegory or a parable of the Old South. To reveal “the human heart in conflict with itself”, not just of the American Southern society, but of entire mankind.
Thank you!
“A Rose for Emily” (1930)
What difficulties would arise if you tried to tell this story from the point of view of the third person? Why is it significant that Miss Emily chooses for her lover a man who is scornfully regarded by the community as a “Northerner, a day laborer?” Do you agree that Emily is a tragic hero? Why or why not?
It is derived from two Chickasaw words —Yocona and petopha, meaning “split land.” Faulkner claimed that the compound means “water flows slow through flat ”
Southern Renaissance and William Faulkner
•Hale Waihona Puke •• Born in New Albany, Mississippi and raised nearby Oxford (the prototype of his fictional Yoknapatawpha County for his 15 works) • From a Southern family with a fairly long tradition, • The experience in WWI • 1919-20 the University of Mississippi • Phil Stone’s generous help: The Marble Faun • New Orleans, Sherwood Anderson
• • •
William Faulkner(1897-1962):the inventor Between 1929-1936, faulkner published novels about
childhood, families, sex, race, obsessions, time, the past, his native south, the modern world. He invented voices for characters ranging from sages to children, criminals, the insane, even the dead,--sometimes all within one book. He developed, bejond this ventriloquism, his own unmistakable narrative voice, urgent, intense, highly rhetorical. He experimented with narrative chronology and with techniques for representing mind and memory. He invented and entire southern county and wrote its history.
Chapter 15 The Southern Renaissance William_Faulkner
Southern Renaissance
• In the 20th century , southern lit. became not only distinguished but very diverse, yet it has often root its works in the south.
Southern Renaissance
• Representatives:
– Ellen Glasgow, precursor to the movement – William Faulkner, the most important figure – Katherine Anne Porter, Eudora Welt, Carson McCullers (the 1930s) – Tennessee Williams, Flannery O’Conner (postwar period)
• Definition of southern literature
• Southern literature can be defined as literature about the South, written by authors who were raised in the South.
William Faulkner
• The most important figure in Southern Renaissance • American novelist and short story writer • Famous for his Yoknapatawpha saga • Won Nobel Prize in 1949
• Early 1940s, forgotten by the public • 1945, a second rise to fame, higher than the first • 1950, Nobel Prize for Lit.
英语专业考研_常耀信版_美国文学简史_课件_William_Faulkner1
literary career: three stages
(1) 1924~1929: training as a writer The Marble Faun 《大理石雕像》
Soldier’s Pay 《士兵的报酬》
Mosquitoes《蚊群》 (2) 1929~1936: most productive and prolific period Sartoris 《萨托里斯》 The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》 As I Lay Dying 《在我弥留之际》 Light in August 《八月之光》
爱米丽的玫瑰》、《红 叶》、《夕阳》和《干 燥的九月》
Yoknapatawpha 约克纳帕塔法
Yoknapatawpha County: --- A county in northern Mississippi, the setting for most of William Faulkner’s novels and short stories, and patterned upon Faulkner’s actual home in Lafayette County, Mississippi.
Faulkner in Hollywood
In the university of Virginia campus
William Faulkner: Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
--- I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work -- a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. ---我感觉，这个奖不是授予我这个人，而是授予我的工作， 它是对我呕心沥血、毕生从事的人类精神探索的工作的肯定。 我的这项工作不为名，更不图利，而是要从人类精神的原始 素材里创造出前所未有的东西。
Southern Renaissance
Three themes
•
the burden of history in a place where many people still remembered slavery, Reconstruction, and a devastating military defeat. focus on the South's conservative culture, specifically on how an individual could exist without losing a sense of identity in a region where family, religion, and community were more highly valued than one's personal and social life
Main Works
• The Sound and the Fury 》) • Light in August • Absalom, Absalom 》) (《喧哗与骚动
(《八月之光》) (《押沙龙，押沙龙！
• Go down, Moses (《去吧，摩西》)
Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha Novels
• Major themes:
1)modern society as a spiritual wasteland; 2) the juxtaposition of the past and the present, nature and society with the assertion of the healthy life of the primitive man.
Southern Renaissance and William Faulkner
常耀信版_美国文学简史_William_Faulkner1
Features of Southern literature prior to this renaissance --- focus on historical romances about the "Lost Cause" of the Confederate States of America. --- glorified the heroism of the Confederate army and civilian population during the Civil War and the supposedly "idyllic culture" that existed in the South before the war (known as the Antebellum South).
Narrative techniques
• Never step between the characters and the reader to explain, but let the characters explain themselves and hinder as little as possible the reader’s direct experience of the work of art. • The most characteristic way of structuring his stories is to fragment the chronological time. Juxtapose the past with the present.
• A man with great might of invention and experimentation. • Novel as an art form ; evolved his own literary strategies . • Primary duty :explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life. • Writer should observe with no judgment whatsoever and reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum.
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(15-20章)【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳15.1复习笔记I.The Southern Renaissance（南方文艺复兴）1.Historical background（历史背景）The American south has been a unique region all along.There was the historically significant conflict between the Hamiltonian north and the Jeffersonian south.For a long time after the Civil War,the agricultural south remained subordinate to industrial north,and there existed a glaring gap in culture and way of thinking between the two parts of the country.Measures were taken to develop the south;economic improvements slowly came about.Although the south remained conservative,but there appeared a visible sign of change in literature,and there are efforts to reassess the past and the present and do self-searching.美国南方一直是一个独特的地区。
哈米尔顿式南方与杰斐逊式北方之间存在具有重大历史意义的冲突。
美国内战后相当长的时间内，农业式的南方仍然从属于工业化的北方。
美国这两个地区之间在文化和思维方式上存在显著的差距。