2018考研英语(二)真题答案完形填空参考答案
2018考研英语（二）真题答案：完形填空参考答案
来源：文都教育
2018考研英语完形填空真题文章节选自Scientific American，原文标题Curiosity Is Not Intrinsically Good（好奇心太强从本质上来说并不是件好事）。
这篇文章主要讲述了人类解决未知问题的强烈渴望使其执意寻求问题的答案，即使显而易见答案会给人带来痛苦。
【原文】
Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___.
In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.
Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.
【答案】
D resolve 2. B seek 3. C hurt 4. B expose 5. A trial
B deliver 7.
C when 8.
D happen 9. A such as 10. C discover
B food 12.
C lead to 13. A inquiry 14.
D self-destructive 15. D resist
D predict 17.A choose 18. B outcome 19. D whether 20. C consequences
以上就是文都教育英语老师为大家提供的2018考研英语（二）完形填空参考答案。
各位考
生今天战况如何？发挥好的，明天的考试继续努力。
发挥不好的，明天也要坚持到底哦。
2018考研英语二真题及答案(文字版)
2018考研英语二真题及答案(文字版)出国留学考研网为大家提供2018考研英语二真题及答案，2018考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the penswould 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects ofcuriosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regretstC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Workingwith your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of voca tional education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more “duc ational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21. 答案C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。
2018考研英语二真题及答案
2018考研英语二真题及答案2018年的考研英语二真题是许多考生备考的重点，本文将为大家提供2018考研英语二真题及答案，并对其中涉及的一些重要知识点进行解析。
希望本文能够帮助大家更好地备考英语二科目。
第一部分阅读理解该部分共有三篇阅读理解，分别是长对话、篇章理解和短文阅读。
在这三篇文章中，考生需要仔细阅读题目，并结合文章的内容进行选择。
首先是长对话部分，考生需要阅读一个较长的对话，根据对话内容选择正确的答案。
这部分需要考生寻找对话中的关键信息，理解对话的主题和要点。
其次是篇章理解，这一部分包含了一篇或者多篇篇章，每篇篇章后面都有几道题目需要考生选择答案。
考生需要从篇章中找出相关的信息进行推断和判断。
最后是短文阅读，这一部分提供一篇或者多篇短文，考生需要根据短文内容选择正确的答案。
与篇章理解类似，考生需要理解整篇短文的主题和要点。
第二部分完形填空完形填空是考研英语二的重要部分，需要考生根据短文内容选择最佳的词语或者短语填入空白处，使整篇短文通顺、连贯。
通过对真题的分析，我们可以发现完形填空题目中主要涉及到词汇、语法以及篇章结构等知识点。
因此，考生在备考中需要加强对这些知识点的掌握，并且多做一些相关的练习题。
第三部分翻译翻译是考研英语二的最后一道大题，考生需要根据给定的句子或者短文进行翻译。
这一部分考察考生的翻译能力和语言表达能力。
在这一部分中，考生需要准确理解原文的意思，并将其准确地翻译成英文。
同时，要注意语言的准确性、流畅性和表达的清晰度。
需要提醒的是，翻译是一项需要积累的技能，考生在备考中需要通过大量的练习来提高自己的翻译水平。
综上所述，2018考研英语二真题及答案是备考的重要内容，考生需要对阅读理解、完形填空和翻译等各个部分进行有针对性的备考。
通过不断地练习和积累，相信大家一定能够取得好的成绩！。
2018年考研英语二真题(含答案)
2021年硕士研究生入学一考试英语（二）（含答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12 ___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the en deavor. “Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity, ” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. ratherthanC. regardless ofD. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B.withdrawalC. persistenceD. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B.self-reliantC. self-evidentD. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B.investments C.consequencesD. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype . . . that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically, ” he says.On one hand, that vi ewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less –misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does – or doesn’t do –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting” (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to______.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13. 5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messagi ng service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. Whatpolitical journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when t he users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them –and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law ______.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.A. a win- win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”, —the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “ deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting , he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such a list canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy. ”“ Idl eness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“Wha t people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.A. can result in . Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41. __________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”- this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—— do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42. ____________________It’s a problem all of us face: you have li mited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you” “and what's going on?” you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43. ____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation, from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward, you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44. ____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response “I can Multitask”.So when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45. ____________________You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship going That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG. skip the small talkSection Ⅲ TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. H e ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads——everything from encyclopaedias to science fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore, ”——Gates say.Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation;2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析1、【答案解析】[B] resolve【试题解答】此處考查詞義辨析。
2018年考研英语二真题
2018英语二考研真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect withother stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degreeopens moredoors.Buteven now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successfulas.23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be describedA.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boostin the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up —perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)is closest in meaningto.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offeredFacebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By thetime a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the twovirtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work —be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deepwork when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deepscheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness is.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and starta conversation with strangers.41.Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out.It feels like itis stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.It’s a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you canbuild the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go,the things they like,the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough.He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently,he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)。
2018考研英语(二)真题(完整版)
2018考研英语（二）真题（完整版）来源：文都教育SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business t ested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to re ducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelorsdegrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Itscontinuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and soci al lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’custome rsD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,CalNewport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work s cheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the c alendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:ThePower of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.SriniPillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with yo u? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big sm ile and say“Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a su dden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section ⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1）apologize and explain the situation, and2）suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）。
2018年考研英语二真题
Section I Use of EnglishWhy do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent studyin Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The Twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew whatwould 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct –it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance –but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1第1题 .1A ignoreB protectC discussD resolve【来源】2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题第1题【答案】D【考点】真题 2018年【全站数据】本题共被作答5956次，正确率为47.01%, 易错项为B 【解析】【答案】D. resolve【解析】动词辨析。
2018年考研英语(二)真题
2018年考研英语二真题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto_1_uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill_2_tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill_3_.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedStudent’swillingnessto_4_themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone_5_,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould_6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified,anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified._7_leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould_8_subsequentexperimentsreproduced,thiseffectwithotherstimuli_9_thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto_10_isdeeplyrootedinhumans.Muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor_11_orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoCuriosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan_12_NewScientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch_13_canbackfire,theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo_14_thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto_15_,however.inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto_16_howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto_17_toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe_18_offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term_20_iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays.“inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments”.
【2018年考研真题《英语二》完形填空【原文】】2018英语二完形填空
【2018年考研真题《英语二》完形填空【原文】】2018英语二完形填空【导语】2018年考研真题《英语二》完形填空已陆续公布，大考研频道将在第一时间为各位考生公布2018年考研真题《英语二》完形填空信息，以下是为各位考生的2018年考研真题《英语二》完形填空相关内容，请各位考生查看如下：这次的完形填空真题节选自Scientific American，原文标题Curiosity Is Not Intrinsically Good。
主要讲述了The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong that people will look for answers even when it’s obvious those answers will be painful。
Why do people read negative Inter ments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to resolve uncertainty, aording to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students" willingness toexpose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. When left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would happen. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to discover is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can lead to new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such inquiry can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to resist, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the oute of following through on one"s curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term consequences is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don"t read online ments.内容仅供参考。
【7A版】2018考研英语二真题和答案解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA, B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withac ademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain 1 thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers. Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby 2 .Afewwealthypeople willownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.AdifferentandnotmutuallyeGclusive 3 holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadiffere ntsort,one 4 bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives 5 ,peoplewillsimply be c omelazyanddepressed. 6 ,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavinga gre attime.OneG alluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearrepo rthavingdepression,doubletheratefor 7 Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe 8 forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting 9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany 10 theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’t 11 followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwi thunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe 12 ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconc eptofemployment.Inthe 13 ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould 14 strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the 15 ofwork maybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degr ading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpo tential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway. Thesedays,bec auseleisuretimeisrelatively 16 formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetime tocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional 17 oftheirjobs.“W henIcomehomefrom ahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel 18 ,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thaveto work,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself 19 ahobby orapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor 20 matters.1．[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring【答案】[C]warning2．[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty【答案】[A]inequality3．[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction4．[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured【答案】[A]characterized5．[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom【答案】[B]meaning6．[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless【答案】[B]Indeed7．[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated【答案】[C]working8．[A]eGplanation[B]requirement[C]compen sat ion[D]substitute 【答案】[A]eGplanation9．[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among【答案】[D]among10．[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside【答案】[C]worryabout11．[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically 【答案】[C]necessarily12．[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles【答案】[B]downsides13．[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course14．[A]disturb[B]restore[C]eGclude[D]yield【答案】[D]yield15．[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship【答案】[C]virtue16．[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce【答案】[D]scarce17．[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats【答案】[A]demands18．[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved【答案】[B]tired19．[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into【答案】[D]into20．[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal【答案】[B]professionalSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD. Markyouranswersonthe ANSWERSHEET.(40points)TeGt1Every Sat urdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocal park.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheU Kandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfo uryearsoldtograndparents;theirti mesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minut es48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday ,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30th OlympiadwouldbeinLondon.Planningdocumen tspledgedthatthe gre atlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfrom theircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnotha ppened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2 0XX—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingata nacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofspo rtaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.Officialretrospecti onscontinueastowhyLondon20XX failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofPar kruno ffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanyb ody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabo uttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsports andtoproducemoreeliteathletes.ThedualaimwasmiGedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakin gpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafu ndamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociatio ns.Ifthereisaroleforgove rnment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsuretherei sspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingthep rovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoverselli ng gre enspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportined ucation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovideth econditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.[A]gainedgreatpopularity[B]createdmanyjobs[C]strengthenedcommunityties[D]bec omeanofficialfestival【答案】[A]gainedgreatpopularity22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto .[A]boostpopulationgrowth[B]promotesportparticipation[C]improvethecity’simage[D]increasesporthoursinschools【答案】[B]promotesportparticipation23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents[B]focusesonmasscompetition[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers【答案】[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents[B]superviselocalsportsassociations[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities【答案】[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic【答案】[B]criticalTeGt2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownsc reenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalp lay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotema Gimalengagement.Itmakesithardtodiseng age,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-child pairsafood-testingeGercise.ShefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheeGercisesta rted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.D uringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphones bec ameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Pare ntswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingeGcitedbidsfortheirat tention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesarebl ankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeeGtremelydisc oncertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfacee G periment”devisedbydevelopment alpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanor malwaybeforeputtingonablankeGpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback; Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Pare ntsdon’thavetobee Gquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsne edtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbale Gpressionsofanemotionaln eed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensareb ornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”wit htheirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classid eologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoe Gposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjust bec auseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’sn ovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhav eabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafrie ndorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreava ilabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.[A]simplifyroutinematters[B]absorbuserattention[C]betterinterpersonalrelations[D]increaseworkefficiency【答案】[B]absorbuserattention27.Radesky’sfood-testingeG erciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.[A]takesawaybabies’appetite[B]distractschildren’sattention[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment[D]reducesmother-childcommunication【答案】[D]reducesmother-childcommunication28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfacee G periment”toshowthat_______.[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankeGpressions[B]verbaleGpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionaleGchange[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds【答案】[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.[A]protectkidsfromeGposuretowildfantasies[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens【答案】[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework[D]helpthem bec omemoreattentive【答案】[A]givetheirparentssomefreetimeTeGt3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasin glyhigheGpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthe possibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itse emssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnatu raltospenday eardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There’salways aconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativ ecareer.Butdespitecom monmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itpr obablyenhancesit. StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegeneral lybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingst udentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsi bilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththe most.GapyeareGperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbein gthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesra therthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoe Gploreinterests,thenconsi deritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEduc ationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce .Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculum leavesstudent swithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,buts witchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdepending ontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonC ollege,foreGample,youwouldhavetocompleteaneGtrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursin gschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreve ntstressandsavemoneylateron.31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading[B]theyhavealotoffuntoeGpectincollege[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses【答案】[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers[C]easefreshmen’sfinancialburdens[D]relievefreshmenofpressures【答案】[D]relievefreshmenofpressures33.Theword“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition【答案】[A]adaptation34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.[A]avoidacademicfailures[B]establishlong-termgoals[C]switchtoanothercollege[D]decideontherightmajor【答案】[D]decideontherightmajor35.ThemostsuitabletitleforthisteGtwouldbe.[A]InFavoroftheGapYear[B]TheABCsoftheGapYear[C]TheGapYearComesBack[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma【答案】[A]InFavoroftheGapYearTeGt4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisana tionalconcern bec auseofitsimpactonfederaltaGdollars,saysProfessorMaGMoritz,aspeci alistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbud getfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,f ewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency’sotherwork—suchasforestconservat ion,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep—thataffectth elivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstr uctioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesth atarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?“It’salreadyahugeproblemfromapublice G penditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,”he says.”Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewan tinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researc herssay.Foronething,conver sat ionsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,th efocushasbeenonclimatechange—howthewarmingoftheEarthfrom gre enhousegasesisle adingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn’tcomeatthee Gpenseoftherestoftheeq uation.“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonareli nked,andtheinteractionsgobothway s,”hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesol utionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionis bec omesverylimited .”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandu nleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butackno wledgingfire’sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,p olicies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“We’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays.“Itisreallyimportanttoun derstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they.[A]eGhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts[B]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget[C]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates[D]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureeGpenditure【答案】[B]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof“amagnifyingglass”to.[A]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas[B]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney[C]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds【答案】[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet[B]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked[D]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace【答案】[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature[B]eGplorethemechanismofthehumansystems[C]maGimizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife[D]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature【答案】[D]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.[A]doawaywith[B]cometotermswith[C]payapricefor[D]keepawayfrom【答案】[B]cometotermswithPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingteGtandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespo ndinginformationintherightcolumn.TherearetwoeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.Marky ouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrum p.“Wedon’tmakeanythinganymore,”hetoldFo GNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-MeGicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurther tradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing. Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingt oomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,A mericanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears .Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthe mwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers—andupwardpressureonwa ges.“They’rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,”saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverin eCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey’vebe enpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturi ng,”Mr.Dunwellhasb egunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangeteGposedtoitsculture. AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisf athercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,five areretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-place mentprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears. Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecopp ercoilshe’stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It’shisfirstweekonthejob.Asked abouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchin gtoelectrica lengineering.“Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating.”hesays. Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parent s,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincethe Gre atDepression,tellingthe lennials“remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.They blameitonthemanufacturingrecession,”saysBirgitKlohs,chiefe GecutiveofTheRightPlac e,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Theseconcernsaren’tmisplac ed:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin 1970to12millionin20XX.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehi gh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels. “Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,”saysRobSpoh r,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege.“There’reenoughpeopletofillthejo bsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon’tneedtohavemuchskill.It’sthatgapinbetwe en,andthat’swheretheproblemis.”JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanuf acturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeop levaluefleG ibility.“Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirl ives,”shesays.【答案】41[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersarehardertofind bec auseofstiffcompetition.42[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworkingwithtools.43[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionistoblameforthelay-offtheyoungpeople’spare nts.44[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdon’tneedmuchskill45[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattractyoungpeopleintomanufacturing SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingteGtintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationneatlyonthe ANSWERSH EET.(15points) Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.Tw oyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool,Itookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingth atIwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealizedIwasnotg oodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecidedth atitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethatIwouldstud yjournalism,bec ausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavouriteactivities.But,tobehonest,I saidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream—Iknewthatnoonecoul dimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!SoIdecidedtolookforsomefashion-relatedcourses thatincludedwriting.Thisis whenInoticedthecourse“FashionMedia&Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。
2018考研英语二真题及答案解析：翻译
2018考研英语二真题及答案解析：翻译店铺考研网为大家提供2018考研英语二真题及答案解析：翻译，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018考研英语二真题及答案解析：翻译【试题来源】:原文选自2017年3月16日，由Saba Khalid发表在杂志Blinklist 上的文章，题目是Why Bill Gates Reads 50 Books A Year(And How You Can Too!)出题人对原文有略有改编。
【真题原文】：46.Directions：Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occu pations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”, Gates says.【真题译文】：一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。