2019-2020版高中英语新教材人教必修第一册Unit 4：Section Ⅲ Reading and Thinking(2)
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式 1.In order to catch the bear，some villagers set a _____t_ra_p_____(陷阱) and covered it with
some leaves. 2.In spite of great ____e_f_f_o_rt_s___(努力)，we failed to carry out our plans through. 3.___W__is_d_o_m____(智慧) is knowing what to do next. 4.Don’t leave the lights on.It wastes __e_l_e_c_tr_ic_i_ty___(电).
13
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
Understanding in context At 3：42 am，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an
end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of
it.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside
).
3
基础 Ⅰ.语境串记多义词 1.The storm ruined the crops，and the whole village was almost in ruins after the
hurricane. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼，整个村子在飓风过后几乎变成了废墟。 2.As soon as the cat is trapped，completely cover the trap and remove the trap from the area. 一旦那只猫被困住，把圈套完全盖住并把圈套从该地区移开。
buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the
water.At about 3：00 am on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the
4
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
Ⅱ.构词法助记派生词 名词后缀：-ing，-ity，-dom 1.suffer(v.)→suffering 2.electric(adj.)→electricity 3.wise(adj.)→wisdom
5
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
Ⅲ.句式语境仿写 1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.
6
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
3.Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins. 幸存者们向四周看看，除了废墟什么也没有。 [仿写] 无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。 _______E_v_e_r_y_w_h_e_r_e_s_h_e_g_o_e_s________，she receives a warm welcome.
from their own yard. 3.Although I got up with a headache，I went to work _____a_s__u_su_a_l_____(像往常一样). 4.If we _____c_u_t_a_c_ro_s_s____(穿过) the field we’ll get there before Frank. 5.Remember that success is getting up just one more time than you ____f_a_ll_d_o_w__n_____(跌倒
1
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
5.Jill’s last school report ___s_h_o_c_k_e_d___(shock) his parents into changing their opinion. 6.Death finally brought an end to her ___s_u_ff_e_ri_n_g___(suffer). 7.Ever since he moved there，he __h_a_s_b_u_r_i_e_d__(bury) himself in his research work. 8.I like getting up early in the morning.The morning air is good to ___b_r_e_a_th_e____(breath).
city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city’s one million people were asleep
as usual that night.
9
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
[文化视窗]
地震前常见征兆
1.动物表现异常，例如：大量的蛇爬出洞来长距离迁移；家禽家畜不吃不喝，狂叫 不止，不进窝圈；大量的老鼠白天出洞，不畏追赶；动物园里的动物萎靡不振， 卧地不起等。
2
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语 1.The city lay _____i_n__ru_i_n_s_____(破败不堪) after the earthquake.Now，rows of houses are
being built. 2.It was reported that an American couple had ______d_u_g_o_u_t_____(掘出) a lot of gold coins
2.地下水发生异常，例如：震区的枯井突然有了水，井水的水位突然大幅度上升或 下降，井水由苦变甜、由甜变苦等。
10
基础·自主学习
核心·互动探究
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside 鸡bu甚ild至ing猪s.都紧张得不吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。 【句式解读】 too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后 接动词原形。 【用法总结】 (1)在“too...to...”结构中有时出现可数名词单数，而该结构的形式通常为“too＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数”。 ①The sentence is too difficult for me to translate. ＝The sentence is difficult enough for me to translate. 这个句子太难我翻译不了。
4.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电是很难得到的。 [仿写] 他说这个问题不难解决。 He said that the problem ___________w_a_s_n_o_t__d_if_fi_c_u_lt_t_o_s_e_t_tl_e____________.
(2)too...to...结构表示肯定意义的情况 当too之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious， happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时。 当“too...to...”结构中含有not或never等否定词时。 ③He is just too eager to know the result of the exam. 他只是太想知道考试成绩。
老鼠从田里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼从水里跳了出来。 [仿写] 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 All night long he lay awake，________t_h_in_k_i_n_g_o_f_t_h_e_p_r_o_b_l_em___________. 2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛到了世界末日！ [仿写] 看起来这条河好像不干净，不能游泳。 ______________I_t _lo_o_k_s_a_s__if________________ the river isn’t clean enough to swim here.(陈述语气)
2019版新教材人教版英语必修第一册同步讲义：UNIT4SectionⅣ ListeningandTalking ReadingforWriting
Section ⅣListening and Talking & Reading for Writing重点单词写作词汇1．tap[tæp]v i．& v t．轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲2．whistle['wIsl]v i．吹口哨；发出笛声v t．吹口哨n．哨子(声)；呼啸声3．emergency[i'mɜːdʒənsi] n．突发事件；紧急情况4．calm[kɑːm]adj．镇静的；沉着的v t．使平静；使镇静5．aid[eId] n．援助；帮助；救援物资v i．& v t．(formal) 帮助；援助6．crash[kræʃ] v t．& v i．碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞7．sweep[swiːp]v t．& v i．(swept, swept) 打扫；清扫8．wave[weIv]n．海浪；波浪v i．& v t．挥手；招手9．strike[straIk]v i．& v t．(struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击10．deliver[dI'lIvə(r)]v t．& v i．递送；传达v t．发表拓展词汇11．erupt[I'rʌpt]v i．& v t．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发12．power['paʊə(r)]n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj．强大的；有力的→powerless adj．无力的；没有能力的13．effect[I'fekt]n．影响；结果；效果→effective adj．有效果的14．length[leŋθ]n．长；长度→long adj．长的阅读词汇15．kit[kIt]n．成套工具；成套设备16．pipe[paIp]n．管子；管道17．summary['sʌməri]n．总结；概括；概要18．Thailand['taIlænd] 泰国重点短语1．in_the_open_air 露天；在户外2．on_hand 现有(尤指帮助)3．sweep_away 消灭；彻底消除4．put_up 搭建，举起，张贴5．stay_calm保持冷静6．in_danger 处境危险7．first_of_all 首先8．as_many_as 多达重点句型1．v．ing结构作结果状语：The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing_more_than_6，500_people(使6 500多人丧生) in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries．2．be doing sth．when．．．正在做某事这时……：I was_having_breakfast_with_my_three_children_when(正在与我的三个孩子一起吃早饭这时) water started filling my home．3．make it＋adj．＋to do sth．中it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语：However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make_it_difficult_to_deliver_food_and_supplies(使运送食物和物资变得困难)．Read the passage on Page 54 and then choose the best answer．1．What’s the main idea of the passage?A．Something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia．B．The cause of the most powerful tsunami in Asia．C．The loss of the most powerful tsunami in Asia．D．How to rescue ourselves in times of disaster．2．What caused the tsunami?A．Hurricane．B．Typhoon．C．Flood．D．Earthquake．3．What is the magnitude of the earthquake that happened on December 27, 2004? A．7．0．B．9．0．C．7．5．D．6．0．4．Why were food and supplies hard to deliver?A．Because there were not enough food and supplies．B．Because rescue teams dared not go．C．Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed．D．Because govern ments didn’t organize rescue teams．答案：1－4.ADBCpower n．能力；力量；权力(佳句背诵)As is known to us, knowledge is power．众所周知，知识就是力量。
2019_2020学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectionⅠListeningandSpeaking学案新人教版必修第一册
Unit 4 Natural disasters主题语境——人与自然之灾害防范【语境概说】本单元的主题是人与自然，涉及的话题是自然灾害与防范、安全常识与自我保护。
单元话题可以使学生了解自然灾害，培养学生的灾害防范意识，对学生进行防灾减灾教育。
同时，鼓励学生开展小组活动，增强合作意识。
Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.不经灾难不知福。
The last drop of humans will be tears of regret after environmental damage.人类的最后一滴水将是环境破坏后悔恨的眼泪。
Nature is kind of a loving mother，but also a butcher in cold blood.自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。
Section ⅠListening and Speaking1.Translate the following words and phrases.①disaster n. 灾难；灾害②drought n. 旱灾；久旱③slide vi.& vt. (使)滑行；滑动④flood n. 洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没⑤volcanic eruption 火山喷发⑥rescue n.& vt. 营救；救援⑦damage n.& vt. 损失；损害⑧survive vi. 生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过⑨destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭⑩death n. 死；死亡⑪affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动⑫shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)2.Brainstorming：Have you ever experienced any natural disasters？How many kinds of natural disasters do you know?fire，earthquake，hurricane，flood，landslide，tsunami，tornado，drought3.Describe what happened during the earthquake.4.Finish Ex.1 on Page 48.Finish Ex.2 & Ex.3 on Page 48.1.Speaking—Finish Ex.4 on Page 49 by following the example.Good morning.Today is 13 May.A huge earthquake hit Wenchuan，China，yesterday afternoon.At least 8，500 people were killed by 13 May in the 7.8 magnitude earthquake.Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to dig out those trapped in the ruins and help the survivors.2.Pronunciation(1)听录音，对比发音(2)听词汇辨-ed结尾的发音第一组： reached，kissed，talked，washed，finished，helped规律：-ed在清辅音后读：/t/第二组： enjoyed，welcomed，answered，carried，worried规律：-ed在浊辅音及元音后读：/d/第三组：wanted，started，needed，counted，painted，visited，added规律：-ed在/t/或 /d/后读：/id/语言知识积累Ⅰ.单词1.strike v.袭击；灾难突然发生2.severe adj. 严重的；严厉的3.rubbish n. 垃圾；废物4.recover v. 痊愈5.uncertain adj.不确定的6.concern n. 担心；关心7.exist vi. 存在；生存8.attack v. 攻击；袭击9.unite v. 团结；联合10.hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的Ⅱ.短语1.rescue team 救援队2.donate...to... 向……捐赠……3.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园4.take on a new look 呈现新面貌5.put up 搭建；张贴；提高文化知识习得震级震级是指地震的大小；是以地震仪测定的每次地震活动释放的能量多少来确定的。
Unit 4 定语从句 课件【新教材】人教版(2019)高中英语必修第一册
所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.
1.只用that，不用which引导的定语从句。
①当先行词是不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, all, much, little, none, the one时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？ You should hand in all that you have. 你应该上交你拥有的一切。
关系词
从句
非限定性定语从句
1. The boy running on the playground is Peter. 简单句 2. The boy who is running on the playground is Peter. 限从 3. What the boy wants to do is to run on the playground. 主语从句 4. The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 非限 5. This is the best novel that I have ever read. 限从
I made Tom is my best friend laugh in class yesterday.
先行词 关系词
定语从句 又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词或整个主句。
新教材2023年高中英语 Unit 4 Section Ⅰ 课件 新人教版必修第一册
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
When it comes to disasters，quite a lot of people believe they will come across sudden disasters in their life. To begin with，natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and droughts occur now and then. In addition, diseases like COVID-19，cancer and tumor will attack people unexpectedly. Last but not the least，car accidents and plane crashes can’t be ignored as part of disasters.
From what has been discussed above ， we may safely draw the conclusion that disasters can’t be avoided now，but with more knowledge about nature，we’ll certainly reduce the loss brought by them to the smallest degree，so the prospect we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.
17．__t_ra_p___vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 18．__b_u_r_y__vt. 埋葬；安葬
Unit 4 课文文本和翻译-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册
人教版高中英语新教材选择性必修一Unit 4课文文本和翻译LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK倾听身体的诉说We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。
通过观察别人的身势语，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。
言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。
2019版新教材人教版英语必修第一册同步讲义：UNIT4SectionⅡ ReadingandThinking—Comprehending
Section ⅡReading and Thinking—Comprehending重点单词写作词汇1．disaster[dI'zɑːstə(r)]n．灾难；灾害2．slide[slaId]v i．& v t．(使)滑行；滑动3．flood[flʌd]n．洪水；大量v i．淹没；大量涌入v t．使灌满水；淹没4．rescue['reskjuː]n．& v t．营救；救援5．damage['dæmIdʒ]v t．损害；破坏n．损坏；损失6．destroy[dI'strɔI]v t．摧毁；毁灭7．affect[ə'fekt]v t．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动8．shelter['ʃeltə(r)]n．避难处；居所；庇护v t．保护；掩蔽v i．躲避(风雨或危险)9．ruin['ruːIn]n．& v t．破坏；毁坏10．electricity[Iˌlek'trIsəti]n．电；电能11．trap[træp]v t．使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱12．bury['beri]v t．埋葬；安葬13．effort['efət]n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力14．wisdom['wIzdəm]n．智慧；才智拓展词汇15．death[deθ]n．死；死亡→dead adj．无生命的16．_shock[ʃɒk]n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克v t．(使)震惊→shocking adj．令人震惊的→shocked adj．感到震惊的17．breathe[briːð]v i．& v t．呼吸→breath n．呼吸18．revive[rI'vaIv]v t．& v i．复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏19．unify['juːnIfaI]v i．& v t．统一；(使)成一体→unite v i．& v t．团结20．suffer['sʌfə]v t．遭受；蒙受v i．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难阅读词汇21．tornado[tɔː'neIdəʊ]n．龙卷风；旋风22．drought[draʊt]n．旱灾；久旱23．landslide['lændslaId]n．(landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡24．tsunami[tsuː'nɑːmi]n．海啸25．volcanic eruption[vɒl'kænIk I'rʌpʃn] 火山喷发26．magnitude['mæɡnItjuːd]n．(地)震级；重大27．evacuate[I'vækjueIt]v t．疏散；撤出v i．撤离28．helicopter['helIkɒptə(r)]n．直升机29．crack[kræk]n．裂纹；裂缝v i．& v t．(使)破裂30．percent[pə'sent]n．百分之……adj．& ad v．每一百中31．brick[brIk]n．砖；砖块32．metal['metl]n．金属重点短语1．as_if似乎；好像；仿佛2．in_ruins_ 严重受损；破败不堪3．in_shock 震惊；吃惊4．set_up 建立5．as_usual 像往常一样6．come_to_an_end 结束7．the_number_of ……的数量8．dig_out 挖掘9．a_home_to ……的家园10．go_through 经历重点句型1．too＋adj．＋to．．．太……不……：Chickens and even pigs were too_nervous_to_eat(太紧张而不吃东西), and dogs refused to go inside buildings．2．It seems/seemed as if．．．看起来似乎……：It_seemed_as_if(看起来似乎) the world were coming to an end!3．everywhere引导让步状语从句：Everywhere_survivors_looked(幸存者无论往哪里看), there was nothing but ruins．4．with 复合结构：With_strong_support_from_the_government(在政府的大力支持下) and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．ⅠFast-readingSkim the text on Page 50 and do the following exercises．1．What’s the main idea of the text?The passage is mainly about __________________________________．2．Find out the main idea of each part．Para．1A．The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan．Para．2 B．The earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan．Para．3 C．Rescue and revival after the quakes．Paras．4－5 D．Warning signs before the earthquake．答案：1.a terrible earthquake of Tangshan 2.DBACⅡCareful-readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer．1．All the following unusual things happened before the earthquake except that ________．A．the water in the village wells rose and fellB．the chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eatC．mice ran out of the fields looking for hiding placesD．fish swam in the water as usual2．Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because ________．A．they didn’t notice anything strange happeningB．they knew well about earthquakesC．something strange happened in many placesD．they didn’t realize the arrival of an earthquake3．The title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”means “________”．A．the earth was awake all night longB ．a terrible earthquake happened that nightC ．people on the earth couldn ’t fall asleep that nightD ．animals on the earth couldn ’t fall asleep that night4．What ’s the meaning of the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again ．”？ A ．People weren ’t sad any more ．B ．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal ．C ．The earthquake finally came to an end ．D ．Those who were trapped were saved ． 答案：1－4.DDABrescue n ．& v t ．援救；营救(教材P 48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？ come to/go to sb ．’s rescue ＝rescue sb ． 援救某人rescue ．．．from ．．．把……从……营救出来①When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue ． 当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
新教材2023年高中英语 Unit 4 Section Ⅲ课件 新人教版必修第一册
supply sb. with sth. /supply sth. sb. provide sb. with sth. /provide sth. for sb.
offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb.
单句语法填空 ①At the beginning of the semester，students ___ar_e_s_u_p_p_l_ie_d___(supply) with a list of books that they are expected to read. ②They will supply us __w_i_th___ technology in support without asking for anything in return.
3．power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
The power of the governments has increased greatly over the past century.
近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大增强了。 He turned on the power and the machine worked. 他打开电源，机器就工作了。
6．__p_o_w_e_r__n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 →__p_o_w_e_r_fu_l___adj. 强大的；猛烈的；有势力的
7．__p_ip_e___n. 管子；管道 8．__e_m_e_r_g_e_n_cy___n. 突发事件；紧急情况 9．__c_a_lm___adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
(1)a supply of ……的供应；一批 in short supply 供应不足 supply and demand 供求关系
最新人教版高中英语必修第一册课件Unit 4 Natural DisastersSection Ⅲ
？
【即学即用】 单句语法填空 (1)China is a __p_o_w__e_r_fu_l___(power) country now. 完成句子 (2)我正在看电视,这时突然停电了。 I was watching TV when there was a power failure ______________________.
？
He was breathing only with the aid of a machine. 他只能靠机器呼吸。 They gave first aid to the wounded. 他们对伤者实施了急救。 I aided her to continue her study. =I aided her in continuing her study. =I aided her with her study. 我帮助她继续学习。
A√.Shocking. B.Disappointing.
C.Dangerous. D.Powerful.
？ 三、仔细阅读课文“TSUNAMI HITS ASIA:OVER 6,500
DEAD”,并根据课文内容将短文补充完整
1.___O_n___ 26 December 2004,a tsunami 2.__ca_u__se_d___
(cause) by the most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years
hit Asia,3k.i_l_li_n_g______(kill) more than 6,500
The
people.4.__________ ustnrduecrksea quake 5. ____________
(strike) around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of
Unit 4 Natural Disasters (课文课件) 【新教材】人教版2019英语高一上册必修第一册同步课件
One third 表示“三分之一”。 英语中分数词由基数词+序数词 构成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子 大于一时，分母用复数。如：
1/8 one eighth
2/3 two/thirds 3/4 three fourths
P92 Never in all of San Fransisco’s history were her people so kind as on this night of terror.
Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.
The wild fire swallowed the entire forest.
Reading for Writing
语法知识难点
Language Point
1, In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometers west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2498…
Language Point
2, It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
come to an end 意为“结束”，与the world搭配，表示“世界末日来临”。此外
，come to 还表示“达成；得到”。
come to a decision
在使用隐喻来进行描述的时候通常把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物但不在句子中使用likeas等表示像的词语
Unit 4
Unit4 Natural Disasters 词汇课件-高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、 ruin
用途等，也可作名词，in ruins
1.The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车
adj.有效的
11. lengthen n.长;长度→
adj.长的;长期的
→
vt.& vi.(使)变长
Ⅱ.重点短语 1. volcanic eruption 2. refer to 3. rise and fall 4. as usual 5. as if 6. come to an end 7. in ruins 8. thousands of 9. blow away 10. millions of 11. in shock
• spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
• 2.Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make every effort.
11. electricity n.电;电能
12. trap
vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱
13. bury
vt.埋葬;安葬
14. effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
15. supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 vt.供应;
16. emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况
8. survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过 survival