2017年考研英语阅读材料之谷歌无人驾驶汽车
2017年考研英语阅读材料之谷歌无人驾驶汽车MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. —Google, a leader in effortsto create driverless cars, has run into an odd safety conundrum: humans.加利福尼亚州山景城——作为无人驾驶汽车研发领域的领头羊，谷歌(Google)遇到了一个奇怪的安全难题：人类。
Last month, as one of Google’s self-driving cars approached a crosswalk, it did what it wassupposed to do when it slowed to allow a pedestrian to cross, prompting its “safety driver”toapply the brakes. The pedestrian was fine, but not so much Google’s car, which was hit frombehind by a human-driven sedan.上月，当谷歌的一辆自动驾驶汽车来到人行横道前时，它像设想的那样放慢速度让一名行人先行，促使“安全驾驶员”启动刹车。
那个行人没事，但谷歌那辆车却没那么幸运。
它被后面的一辆由人驾驶的轿车追尾了。
Google’s fleet of autonomous test cars is programmed to follow the letter of the law. But it canbe tough to get around if you are a stickler for the rules. One Google car, in a test in 2009,couldn’t get through a four-way stop because its sensors kept waiting for other (human)drivers to stop completely and let it go. The human drivers kept inching forward, looking for theadvantage —paralyzing Google’s robot.按照设计，谷歌的自动测试车会严格遵守法律条文。
但如果拘泥于规则，上路可能都会变得困难。
在2009年的一次测试中，谷歌的车没能通过一个十字路口，因为它的传感器一直在等着其他(人类)司机彻底停下来，让它过去。
但其他司机一直在向前蹭，寻找有利时机。
这种情况让谷歌的机器人陷入了瘫痪。
It is not just a Google issue. Researchers in the fledgling field of autonomous vehicles say thatone of the biggest challenges facing automated cars is blending them into a world in whichhumans don’t behave by the book. “The real problem is that the car is too safe,” said DonaldNorman, director of the Design Lab at the University of California, San Diego, who studiesautonomous vehicles.这不仅仅是谷歌面临的问题。
自动化车辆这一新兴领域的研究人员称，自动车面临的最大挑战之一是让它们融入一个人类不照章行事的世界。
“真正的问题是，这些车太追求安全了，”研究自动车辆的加州大学圣迭戈分校设计实验室(Design Lab at the University of California, San Diego)主任唐纳德·诺曼(Donald Norman)说。
“They have to learn to be aggressive in the right amount, and the right amount depends onthe culture.”“它们得学会适度强硬，而什么叫做适度则取决于不同的文化。
”Traffic wrecks and deaths could well plummet in a world without any drivers, as someresearchers predict. But wide use of self-driving cars is still many years away, and testersarestill sorting out hypothetical risks —like hackers —and real world challenges, like whathappens when an autonomous car breaks down on the highway.正如一些研究人员预言的那样，世界上如果没有驾驶员，交通事故造成的伤亡会大大减少。
然而，广泛使用自动驾驶汽车仍是多年后的事，测试人员仍在应对像黑客这种假设的风险和现实世界里的挑战，比如自动驾驶车辆在公路上出故障了应该怎么办。
For now, there is the nearer-term problem of blending robots and humans. Already, cars fromseveral automakers have technology that can warn or even take over for a driver, whetherthrough advanced cruise control or brakes that apply themselves. Uber is working on the self-driving car technology, and Google expanded its tests in July to Austin, Tex.目前，让机器人和人类同时上路这个问题更紧迫。
多家汽车生产商的车辆已经掌握了警告或是代替驾驶员的技术，不管是通过先进的巡航控制，还是可以自行启动的刹车。
Uber 正在研发自动驾驶汽车技术，谷歌也于今年7月把测试扩展到了德克萨斯州的奥斯汀。
Google cars regularly take quick, evasive maneuvers or exercise caution in ways that are atonce the most cautious approach, but also out of step with the other vehicles on the road.谷歌汽车通常会迅速采取回避操作，或是谨慎行事。
后者立即会变成最谨慎的应对方式，但同时也将导致与路上其他车辆格格不入。
“It’s always going to follow the rules, I mean, almost to a point where human drivers who get inthe car and are like ‘Why is the car doing that?’”said Tom Supple, a Google safety driver duringa recent test drive on the streets near Google’s Silicon Valley headquarters.“它永远都会遵守规则，我是说，几乎到了坐在车里的人类驾驶员会想‘这车干嘛那么做?’的地步，”汤姆·苏普莱(Tom Supple)说。
最近，谷歌在其位于硅谷的总部附近的街道上进行了一次试驾，而苏普莱正是当时的安全驾驶员。
Since 2009, Google cars have been in 16 crashes, mostly fender-benders, and in every singlecase, the company says, a human was at fault. This includes the rear-ender crash on Aug. 20,and reported this morning by Google. The Google car slowed for a pedestrian, then the Googleemployee manually applied the brakes. The car was hit from behind, sending the employee tothe emergency room for mild whiplash.自2009年以来，谷歌汽车发生了16次撞车事故，大部分是轻微碰撞。
谷歌称，每次碰撞都是人的错，包括公司今天上午通报的发生在8月20日的那起追尾。
当时，谷歌的车因为行人放慢了速度，安全驾驶员随后手动刹车。
接下来，车子被追尾，导致此人因颈椎轻微受伤而进了急诊室。
Google’s report on the incident adds another twist: While the safety driver did the right thingby applying the brakes, if the autonomous car had been left alone, it might have braked lesshard and traveled closer to the crosswalk, giving the car behind a little more room to stop.Would that have prevented th e collision? Google says it’s impossible to say.谷歌有关这起事故的报告揭示了另一个问题：尽管安全驾驶员启动刹车的行为是正确的，但如果让自动汽车独自行驶，它的刹车力度可能不会那么强，因此会行驶到离人行横道更近的地方，给后车留出稍微多一点的刹车空间。
这样能避免撞车吗?谷歌表示无从得知。
There was a single case in which Google says the company was responsible for a crash. Ithappened in August 2011, when one of its Google cars collided with another moving vehicle.But, remarkably, the Google car was being piloted at the time by an employee. Another humanat fault.谷歌称，只有一次撞车事故责任在自己身上。
unit 7 Driverless Cars
√B. should not be thrown
C. should not be thrown
3. —Some of the plastic bags can’t after June 1.
—Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.
A. use
1. I was so busy here (that) I had no time to write a letter. 2. They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.
3.4 Important sentence
2.Improving this technology should make the roads safer.
IT and Internet professionals work in careers that owe their existence to 5 of innovotion. The Nisan Leaf has the latest eletic power train. At 84 miles, its range is on the longer side for a(n)6 car.
5.He
igored
may lead to large fines。 the traffic light and drove on。
3.3 outline of the text
1
present situation：partial automation.(para. 2)
2
intelligent braking lane departure warning & automatic parking
《“无人驾驶”》阅读练习及答案
阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一：无人驾驶的研究开始于20世纪70年代，从美国谷歌、英国Venturer联盟和阿联酋的“EZ10”等，到中国的百度，无人驾驶都已经进入到路试阶段。
虽然无人驾驶汽车也属于移动机器人和人工智能的一种，但是在市场应用上，与普通机器人及通用人工智能相比，无人驾驶汽车将在更短时间内得以普及。
无人驾驶汽车的各单元性能已满足当下的物流市场需求，其精度的提升主要依赖于导航技术的提升。
配合互联网、物联网及持续提升的信息化平台技术的智能导航系统将会进一步提高无人驾驶汽车的市场应用能力。
当然人工智能发展虽然神速，但无人驾驶汽车依然处于技术储备期，其性能全面提升尚需时日当路试完成后，为了进一步实现物流业降本增效，提升物流行业的全球竞争力，政府一纸行文全面鼓励无人驾驶或将成为大概率事件。
无人驾驶汽车极大地提升运输速度和运输效率，将会给物流业和物流企业带来较大冲击，智能装备替代有人司机，货运车辆变成了自动化运输网络中的智能装备。
无人驾驶汽车带来物流的网络化、规模化和标准化将改善超限超载的低价运营状态，由此成为物流企业竞争的核心手段。
（摘编自《经济参考报》2018年5月29日）材料二：（摘编自《2018—2024年中国互联网+无人驾驶行业市场监测分析报告》）材料三：创新工场董事长李开复表示，无人驾驶落地除了技术，还需考虑到车辆、人员的保险和理赔等问题，在未来交通解决方案中，Hyperloop Kitty Hawk的飞车都给我们提供了无限想象。
创新工场目前已经投资了4家无人驾驶公司。
无人驾驶是以高效、便捷和可靠为具体目标的驾驶行为，需要人、车、路高度协同。
广州公交集团董事长谢振东表示，无人驾驶整个生态是由各种产业链交织在一起形成的，目前无人驾驶的产业链尚未建立起来，未来需要从技术等各个方面做更多工作。
在广州联通总经理廖江看来，无人驾驶要求车路协同，特别需要可靠的网络，5G技术和5G网络非常契合车路协同的要求。
《关于无人驾驶汽车》非连续文本阅读练习及答案
阅读下面的文字，完成7~9题。
材料一虽然无人驾驶汽车一直以来标榜的是安全性，但事实证明它也会犯错并造成车祸。
例如，谷歌无人驾驶汽车2月14日发生的车祸。
这一事故说明，面对复杂的路况和道路法规，无人驾驶技术还未能安全无误地操作方向盘。
毕竟，无人驾驶技术是基于预先的信息存储，再加上传感器对现场作出一定程度的感知。
然而，现实中的情况千变万化，目前来说，按规则去做的计算机显示远比不上人脑灵活。
无人驾驶汽车的成本也是制约其发展的一个重要因素，因为目前用于测试的无人驾驶汽车所装配的传感器非常昂贵，这也提高了无人驾驶汽车的购买门槛。
此外，一旦意外发生，责任归属问题依然是难题。
如果无人驾驶汽车遭遇交通事故，是由汽车制造商还是由无人驾驶系统供应商承担责任?(摘编自《无人驾驶汽车离我们的生活还有多远?》，光明科技2016年4月1日)材料二材料三无人驾驶汽车是通过车载传感系统感知道路环境，自动规划行车路线并控制车辆到达预定目标的智能汽车。
安全是拉动无人驾驶车需求增长的主要因素。
每年，驾驶员们的疏忽大意都会导致许多事故。
因此汽车制造商们要集中精力设计能确保汽车安全的系统。
防抱死制动系统其实就算无人驾驶系统。
该系统可以监控轮胎情况，了解轮胎何时即将锁死，并及时做出反应。
而且反应时机比驾驶员把握得更加准确。
防抱死制动系统是引领汽车工业朝无人驾驶方向发展的早期技术之一。
车辆损坏的原因，多半不是重大交通事故，而是在泊车时发生的小磕小碰。
泊车可能是危险性最低的驾驶操作了，但仍然会把事情搞得一团糟。
虽然有些汽车制造商给车辆加装了后视摄像头和可以测定周围物体距离远近的传感器，但有的人仍然会一路磕磕碰碰地进入停车位。
自动泊车系统是无人驾驶技术的一大成就。
通过该系统，车辆可以像驾驶员那样观察周围环境，及时做出反应并安全地从A点行驶到B点。
虽然这项技术还不能让人完全放手，让汽车自动载您回家，但毕竟是朝着这个方向迈出了第一步。
(摘编自“百度百科”)材料四12月18日，北京市交通委联合市公安交管局、市经济信息委等部门出台了自动驾驶测试新规，赋予自动驾驶路测合法化地位。
flying cars 阅读理解
flying cars 阅读理解什么样的汽车不需要司机就可以在道路上驰骋？随着不断发展革新的技术，目前已有越来越多的公司决定接受研发无人驾驶汽车的挑战。
驾驶员这一角色在未来会成为过去式吗？本文讨论自动汽车这一概念的历史、现状及发展前景。
课文内容Vocabulary: driverle car 词汇：无人驾驶汽车The development of the autonomou car actually tarted in the 1920, but it wan't until the 1980 that the firt prototype were uccefully created, one of which wa deigned by Mercede-Benz。
Two quetion arie: Do we really need them And are theyreally afe Advocate of driverle car would argue 'ye' to both。
Vehicular autonomy, if perfected, could lead to much afer road condition for all, lower inurance cot and enhance mobility forthe elderly, the ick and thoe with diabilitie。
They would alo allow road to increae their capacity between 200 – 400%。
Perfection, though, eem to be jut out of reach at the moment。
To date Google' elf-driving car, launched in 2022, ha had 14 minor accident。
人工自动驾驶英语阅读
人工自动驾驶英语阅读Vocabulary: driverless cars 词汇：无人驾驶汽车As the relentless pace of technology continues to advance, companies must adapt or get left behind. One of the key areas of contention these days is the driverlesscar. Autonomous cars have long been featured in science fiction movies and books, but in recent years they have moved from a pipe dream to a reality.The development of the autonomous car actually started in the 1920s, but it wasn't until the 1980s that thefirst prototypes were successfully created, one of which was designed by Mercedes-Benz.Since then the technology has gone from strength to strength and these days many companies are jumping on the bandwagon. Uber is the latest to announce its planto unroll a fleet of driverless cars. It follows Apple and Ford, who have announced similar plans, and Google and Tesla, who already have autonomous cars on the road.Two questions arise: Do we really need them? And are they really safe? Advocates of driverless cars would argue 'yes' to both. Vehicular autonomy, if perfected, could lead to much safer road conditions for all, lower insurance costs andenhance mobility for the elderly, the sick and those with disabilities. They would also allow roads to increasetheir capacity between 200 – 400%.Perfection, though, seems to be just out of reach at the moment. To date Google's self-driving car, launched in 2012, has had 14 minor accidents. Even worse, Tesla's Autopilot has caused one fatality in 2015, where the vehicle simply did not see the obstacle.While the technology exists, driverless cars and full vehicular autonomy is still embryonic. That said, you can rest assured that further development in the field is inevitable. And what’s the future? Well, George Marcus, co-founder of Geometric Intelligence – Uber's autonomous development department – imagines a world of flying cars taking us to work. He says "They're going to allow people to take long commutes at 75 or 150 mph where you'd otherwise get stuck in traffic. It's really, in a not-too-distant future, going to be something that is practical." Wouldn't that be fine?。
四六级真题解析2017年6月四级第1套
1. According to Google, what was the cause of the accident?
2.How have Google’s self-driving cars performs so far?
听力原文：
One of Google's self-driving cars crashed into a bus in California last month. There were no injuries. It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash, but it may be the first time it has caused one. On February 14th the self-driving car, travelling at 2mph, pulled out in front of a public bus going 15mph. The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode.
翻译：
上个月，谷歌的一辆自动驾驶汽车在加利福尼亚州撞了一辆公共汽车。没有人员受伤。这并不是谷歌著名的无人驾驶汽车第一次遇到车祸，但这可能是它第一次造成了车祸。2月14日，一辆以时速20英里行驶的无人驾驶汽车开到了一辆时速15英里的公共汽车前边。乘坐谷歌自动驾驶车的男子称，他以为公共汽车会减速让他过去，所以他没有转换到人工驾驶模式。
2017年6月大学英语四级听力真题原文（卷一）
【导语】以下是⽆忧考整理的2017年6⽉⼤学英语四级听⼒真题原⽂（卷⼀），仅供参考。
⼩编提醒：英语四级考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对！ ⼀.新闻听⼒ 【News Report 1】 One of Google's self-driving cars crashed into a bus in California last month. There were no injuries. It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash, but it may be the first time it has caused one. On February 14th the self-driving car, travelling at 2mph (3km/h), pulled out in front of a public bus going 15mph(24km/h). The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode. In a statement, Google said: "We clearly bear some responsibility, because if our car hadn't moved, there wouldn't have been a crash." That said, our test driver believed the bus was going to slow or stop to allow us to merge into the traffic, and that there would be sufficient space to do that." The company's self-driving cars have done well over a million miles across various states in the US, and until now have only reported minor accidents. Q1: According to Google, what was the cause of the accident? B The test driver made a wrong judgement Q2: How have Google’s self-driving cars performed so far? D They have generally done quite well. 【News Report 2】 Thousands of bees left a town after landing on the back of a car when their queen got stuck in its boot. Tom Moses who works at a nearby national park, noticed a “brown patch” on the back of the car after the owner parked it to do some shopping. When he looked closer he realized it was a huge group of bees. Moses said: “I have never seen that many bees in one spot. It was very unusual. They were very close together and there was a lot of noise and movements, it was interesting to see such a strange sight. But there were a lot of people around and I was a bit worried about the bees and the people stopping to look. I thought that someone might do something stupid. Moses called two local bees specialists who helped removed the bees by attracting them into a box. Moses spent three hours looking after the bees and was stung five times, he said my stings are a bit painful but I am pleased that all worked out and I could help, people need to realize that bees are valuable and they should be looked after. Q3. What do we learn about Tom Moses? A He works at a national park. Q4. What do we know about the bees on the back of the car? B They were making a lot of noise. 【News report 3】 A new species of snake has been discovered on a remote island in the Bahamas. Scientists identified 20 of the one meter-long snakes during two trips to the Caribbean islands. The second trip was made in October last year. One of the creatures made a dramatic appearance by moving on to the head of the team leader as he slept. The snake has been named silver boa because it is metallic colored and the first specimen found was climbing a silver palm tree. The team was led by Dr. Graham Reynolds, from Harvard University, the scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples. Commenting on the find, snake expert Robert Henderson from the Museum of Natural History, said: “Worldwide new species of frogs are being discovered and described quite regularity. New species of snakes, however, are much rarer. Q5. What is the news report mainly about? A The discovery of a new species of snake. Q6. What do we learn about the scientific team leader? C A snake crawled onto his head in his sleep. Q7. How did the newly discovered creature get its name? D From its colour. ⼆.对话听⼒ 【Conversation 1】 W: Did you enjoy your stay with us, Mr. Brown? M: Yes, very much. I had a wonderful time here. Now I'm going to the airport. My flight leaves in less than 2 hours. So, could you tell me, what's the quickest way to get there? W: Well, we can call a taxi for you. We also have a free airport shuttle service. M: That sounds great, but will the shuttle get me to the airport in time? W: Yes, it should. The next shuttle leaves in 15 minutes. And it takes some 25 minutes to get to the airport. M: Fantastic! I'll just wait in the lobby. Will you please let me know when it's leaving? W: Of course, sir. M: Now I would like to settle my mini-bar bill. How much is that? W: Let's see. It comes to $37.50. How would you like to pay for it? M: I'll pay with my credit card. Thanks. But I'll need a receipt, so I can charge it to my company. W: Absolutely! Here you are, sir. If you like, I can leave your bags with the porter. And he can load them onto the shuttle for you when it arrives. M: That would be great. Thank you. W: Would you like to leave a comment on our web page when you have time? M: Sure. I had a really good stay here, and I'd like to recommend your hotel to my friends and colleagues. W: That’s very kind of you. Thank you again for staying at Sheraton Hotel. Q8. Why does the man ask about the quickest way to the airport? A The security check takes time. Q9. How is the man going to pay his bill? B By credit card. Q10. What did the man ask the woman to do? A Give him a receipt. Q11. What favor does the woman ask of the man? D Posting a comment on the hotel’s webpage. 【Conversation 2 】 M: You know, Ben’s given up making those terrible faces he used to make. The other day, he came home from school almost in tears. His teacher said if he went on like that, his face would get stuck when the winds changed. W: And he believed her? M: Yeah, he’s only a little boy. Don’t you remember all those things we used to believe when we were little? I remember my aunt Mary used to say if you swallow a cherrystone, a tree would grow out of your mouth. And I’m still terrified today, sort of subconsciously. You know, if I swallow one by mistake… W: Yeah, I suppose you're right. The one that used to get me was that swans could break your leg when they blow of the wing. M: They can, can’t they? I always thought they could. W: No, they are not that strong. But there’s another one even more terrifying. That is, if you put a post stamp on upside down, you will go to prison. M: No, never heard of that. But my grandmother was a terror for that kind of thing. For example, she would say, you will get a spot on your tongue if you tell a lie. If you eat stale bread, your hair will curl. And here’s one more. We went on a campaign trip once in Italy, and my wife spent the whole time worrying about bats getting into her hair. She said her grandmother reckoned you had to shave your head to get it out. My wife was really terrified. W: Silly, isn’t it? But that’s how some parents try to keep their kids from doing the wrong thing or getting into trouble. Q12: What does the man say about Ben? C He has stopped making terrible faces. Q13: What did aunt Marry used to do when the man was a child? D Warn him of danger by making up a story. Q14: What does the woman believe swans could do? They could break pp’s legs. Q15: What did the grandmother of the man’s wife say? B One would have to shave their head to remove a bat in their hair. 三.短⽂听⼒ 【Passage 1】 If I could go back in history and live when I liked, I wouldn't go back very far. In fact, I'd like to relive a period I've already lived – the 1960s. I was in my twenties, and everything was being renewed. People would come in out of a formal and almost Victorian attitude, and you really felt anything was possible. Meeting people was the thing, and you went to coffee bars where you met friends and spent the evening. The cinema, the theater, all that was every exciting with new things coming out. In fact, we seemed to be out, all the time! I don't really remember working – of course, I was a student – or sitting around at home very much. That just wasn't where the scene was, even eating! It was the first time, ordinary people started going out to eat. We were beginning to be adventurous about food, but we were more interested in meeting people than in eating or drinking. And dress, yes, that was the revolution. I mean, girls went around in really short skirts, and wore flowers in their hair. And men were in jeans, and could wear their hair long too. It was a wonderful period. It was like living in an age you could never have imagined, and that never has come back. We didn't have much money, but it didn't matter. And t h e r e w a s p l e n t y o f o p p o r t u n i t y t o d o w h a t e v e r y o u f e l t l i k e d o i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n 1 6 1 8 a r e b a s ed o n t he p a s s a g e y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d : / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 1 6 . W h y d o e s t h e s p e a k e r s a y he w o u l d l i k e t o r e l i v e t h e 1 9 6 0 s ? / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 C E v e r y t h i ng s e e m e d t o b e ch a n gi ng . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > 0 0 1 7 . W h a t d o e s t h e s p e a k e r s a y w a s t h e m o s t p o p u l a r t h i n g t o d o a t th a t t i m e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 0 0 A M e e t i n g p e o p l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 1 8 . W h a t d o w e le a r n a b o u t t h e s p e a k e r ? / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 D H e w a s a y o u ng s t u d e n t i n th e 1 9 6 0 s . / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 0 P a s s a g e 2 0 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 D o g s , m a n ' s b e s t f r i e n d s , h a v e a c l e a r s t r a t e g y f o r d e a l i n g w i t h a n g r y o w n e r s t h e y l o o k a w a y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 N e w r e s e a r c h s h o w s t h a t d o g s l i m i t t h e i r e y e c o n t a c t w i t h a n g r y h u m a n s . T h e s c i e n t i s t s s u g g e s t t h i s m a y b e a n a t t e m p t t o c a l m h u m a n s d o w n . T h i s b e h a v i o r m a y h a v e e v o l v e d a s d o g s g r a d u a l l y l e a r n e d t h e y c o u l d b e n e f i t f r o m a v o i d i n g c o n f l i c t s w i t h h u m a n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 T o c o n d u c t t h e t e s t s , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f H e l s i n k i r e s e a r c h e r s t r a i n e d 3 1 d o g s t o r e s t i n f r o n t o f a v i d e o s c r e e n . F a c i a l p h o t o s o f d o g s a n d h u m a n s w e r e d i s p l a y e d o n t h e s c r e e n f o r 1 . 5 s e c o n d s . T h e y s h o w e d t h r e a t e n i n g , p l e a s a n t a n d n e u t r a l e x p r e s s i o n s . N e a r b y c a m e r a s t r a c k e d t h e d o g s ' e y e m o v e m e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 D o g s i n t h e s t u d y l o o k e d m o s t a t t h ee y e s of h u m a n s a n d o t h e r d og s t o s e n s e th ei r e m o t i o n s . W h e n d o g s l o o k e d a t e x p r e s s i o n s of a ng r y d o g s , th ei r e y e s r e s t e d m o r e o n t h e m o u t h , p e r h a p s t o i n t e r p r e t t h e t h r e a t e n i n g e x p r e s s i o n s . A n d w h e n l o o k i n g a t a n g r y h u m a n s , t h e y t e n d e d t o t u r n a w a y t h e i r g a z e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 D o g s m a y h a v e l e a r n e d t o d e t e c t t h r e a t s i g n s f r o m h u m a n s a n d r e s p o n d b y t r y i n g t o m a k e p e a c e , a c c o r d i n g t o r e s e a r c h e r S a n n i S o m p p i . A v o i d i n g c o n f l i c t s m a y h a v e h e l p e d d o g s d e v e l o p b e t t e r b o n d s w i t h h u m a n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 T h e r e s e a r c h e r s a l s o n o t e t h a t d o g s s c a n f a c e s a s a w h o l e t o s e n s e h o w p e o p l e a r e f e e l i n g , i n s t e a d o f f o c u s i n g o n a g i v e n f e a t u r e . T h e y s u g g e s t t h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t d o g s a r e n ' t s e n s i n g e m o t i o n s f r o m a s i n g l e f e a t u r e , b u t p i e c i n g t o g e t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m a l l f a c i a l f e a t u r e sj u s t a s h u m a n s d o . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 Q 1 9 . W h a t d o d o g s d o w h e n t h e y a r e f a c e d w i t h a n g r y h u m a n s ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 B T h e y a v o i d l o ok i n g a t t h e m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 Q 2 0 . W h a t d o e s a d o g d o w h e n i t s e e s t h e e x p r e s s i o n s o f a n g r y d o g s ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 C I t f o c u s e s i t s e y e s o n t h e i r m o u t h s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 Q 2 1 . H o w d o e s a d o g s e n s e p e o pl e ' s f e e l i n g s ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 B B y t a k i n g i n t h e i r f a c i a l e x p r e s s i o n s a s a w h o l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 0 P a s s a g e 3 0 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 W i n t e r i nm an y p l a c e s i s v e r y co l d . T h e r e i s l o t s o f s n o w a r o u n d , a n d t h e g r o u n d f r e e z e s , w h i c h c a n m a k e l i f e d i f f i c u l t f o r a n i m a l s . P e op l e i n c o l d p l a c e s l i v e i n w a r m h o u s e s a n d h a v e l e a r n e d t o a d a p t . W h a t d o a n i m a l s d o ? T h e r e a r e t h r e e m a i n w a y s t h a t a n i m a l s s u r v i v e t h e c o l d i n w i n t e r : s l e e p , a d a p t o r m i g r a t e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 S o m e a n i m a l s , s u c h a s b e a r s , f r o g s a n d s n a k e s , s l e e p a l l w i n t e r . T h e y s l e e p v e r y d e e p l y a n d n e e d l i t t l e o r n o f o o d . W h i l e s l e e p i n g , t h e i r b o d y t e m p e r a t u r e d r o p s , a n d t h e i r h e a r t b e a t s l o w s d o w n . T o p r e p a r e f o r t h i s b e f o r e w i n t e r , t h e s e a n i m a l s e a t e x t r a f o o d t o b e c o m e f a t , w h i c h g i v e s t h e m t h e e n e r g y t h e y n e e d w h i l e t h e y s l e e p . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 O t h e r a n i m a l s a d a p t . F o r e x a m p l e , b y s t a y i n g a c t i v e i n w i n t e r . I t i s o f t e n h a r d f o r t h e m t o f i n d f o o d . S o s o m e a n i m a l s , s u c h a s m i c e , c o l l e c t e x t r a f o o d b e f o r e w i n t e r , a n d h i d e i t . W h e n w i n t e r c o m e s , t h e y r e t u r n t o t h e i r h i d i n g p l a c e s t o e a t t h e f o o d . S o m e a n i m a l s g r o w t h i c k e r f u r , o r l i v e i n t r e e h o l e s o r u n d e r g r o u n d t o s t a y w a r m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 S o m e b i r d s m i g r a t e b y f l y i n g t o a w a r m e r p l a c e f o r t h e w i n t e r , w h e r e t h e y c a n f i n d m o r e f o o d . S o m e f l y v e r y l o n g d i s t a n c e s , i n c l u d i n g o n e k i n d o f b i r d t h a t f l i e s f r o m t h e r e m o t e n o r t h o f t h e w o r l d , a l l t h e w a y t o t h e d i s t a n t s o u t h . S o m e b i r d s f l y i n g r o u p s f o r s a f e t y , w h i l e o t h e r s f l y a l o n e . / p > p b d s f id = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 Q ue s t i o n s 2 2 - 2 5 a r e b a s e d o n t h e p a s s a g e y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d . / p > p b d sf i d = "1 8 1 " > 0 02 2 . W h a t d o e s t h e s p e a k e r s a y a b o u t a n i m a l s i n w i n t e r ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 D Th e y r e s o r t t o d i f f e r e n t m e a n s t o s u r v i v e t h e b i t t e r c o l d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 2 3 . W h a t d o w e l e a r n a b o u t a n i m a l s t h a t s l e e p t h r o u g h w i n t e r ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 C T h e y c o n s u m e t h e e n e r g y s t o r e d b e f o r e t h e l o n g s l e e p . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 2 4 . H o w d o a n i m a l s l i k e m i c e a d a p t t o t h e s e v e r e w i n t e r ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 A B y s t o r i / p >。
汽车专业英语读译教程(3版) 参考译文UNIT 14 TEXT B
第14单元课文B自动驾驶汽车自动驾驶始于20 I世纪80年代。
现在这些早期成果的某些应用一经以汽车驾驶辅助系统的形式实现了产业化。
在车道保持辅助系统（LKAS）中，车道检测用于为驾驶员提供车道偏离警告（LDW）和增强驾驶员的方向控制。
自适应巡航控制系统（ACC）对前方行驶的车辆进行检测和跟踪，以保持平安舒适的行驶距离。
最近，出现了♦种预碰撞系统，如果驾驶员反响太慢，这种系统会触发全功率制动，以减少损失。
与此同时，对自动驾驶汽车的研究重点已经从最初研究的高速公路上遇到的结构良好的环境转变为非结构的环境，如城市交通或越野场景。
图14-7 DARPA城市挑战队参赛的汽车所有自动驾驶汽车共有三个要素：感知环境和自身运动的传感器、车载计算机和用于车辆控制的执行器。
图14.7显示了DARPA城市挑战队三辆车上使用的激光雷达、摄像机和全球定位系统（GPS）天线。
对于环境感知，使用了基于图像的传感器，如单FI和立体相机（单色和彩色）、以及距离感测设备，如雷达和激光雷达。
高清晰度的Velodyne威力登激光雷达具有360°、三维视图和丰富的点云，是专为自动驾驶汽车设计的、并在许多系统中使用。
另外雷达传感器还能够直接确定物体的相对速度。
为评估车辆的移动，需要包括来自里程表和惯性传感器的测量值，当然主要由GPS的全球位置测量提供支持。
车辆上的所有分布式或集中式处理必须具有实时能力。
这是车辆控制算法和系统平安检查的重要前提。
执行器是构成控制回路所必需的局部，例如用于方向盘、制动器或油门控制的执行器。
对车辆局部环境的感知能力是自动驾驶领域的主要挑战之一。
光照或颜色等环境条件是永久变化的，需要考虑场景中的许多静态和动态对象。
自我运动补偿作为感知和控制模块的先决条件，需要对车辆的移动进行良好的评估。
特别是当车辆快速行驶或在非平坦地形上行驶时，会发生沿纵向和横向轴的相关旋转。
对于不是在一个唯一时间戳进行的测量，在所有测量中补偿车辆的自我运动变得非常重要。
2017年6月英语四级真题试卷及答案
题目Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文Computer for SaleAs I am about to graduate and leave the campus, I am going to sell my personal laptop at a low price.It is a Lenovo ThinkPad that I bought in June, 2015. It is not big, but very functional. It has a four-core CPU, an independent display card of 2G, a hard disk of 500G and a screen of 15.6 inches.For the last two years, the laptop has served as my faithful aid and helped me finish most of my assignments and my thesis. There has appeared no fault in the process. I owe so much to it. But as my workplace has already offered me a more advanced working laptop, I find there is no necessity for me to have two. And I know that there must be some of my schoolmates who are more in need of the ThinkPad. Therefore, I determined to sell it.I bought the laptop as the price of 3500 yuan. Now I will sell it at 1500 yuan or less. Anyone interested can contact me via email, and my mailbox is ***@.作文二：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文As we travel by bike, we will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region, meet and make friends with different people and get to know the custom of the local people.Having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a weekend trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation, riding on the bike is best choice.In my opinion, the biggest advantage of traveling is we can learn much during our travel by bike about the geography, biology, and history of the places we visit. Therefore, you ’d bet ter seize the chance to buy this bike so as to gain something meaningful.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a book you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：Buying these books, you can reap the benefit of several aspects. For one thing, you can save a great amount of money and this will allow you to spend these saved money on other more significant things in that the books I sold here with only the half of the original price. For another, the content of these book include translation, writing, reading as well as listening which will be adapt to the students who are going to take the exam of CET-4 or CET-6. Last but not the least, through the purchase of these English course books with nine into new without any notes on them, you will improve your study skill to a great extent.听力真题与原文答案(缺16-25题干)1.A.The man in the car was absent-mindedB.The test driver made a wrong judgementC.The self-driving system was faultyD.The car was moving at a fast speed2.A.They have done better than conventionalB.They have caused several severe crashesC.They have posed a threat to other driversD.They have generally done quite well3.A.He works at a national parkB.He is a queen bee specialistC.He romoved the Beyonce from the bootD.He drove the bees away from his car4.A.They were looking after the queenB.They were making a lot of noiseC.They were looking for a new box to live inD.They were dancing in a unique way5.A.The discovery of a new species of snakeB.The second trip to a small remote island.C.The finding of 2 new species of frogD.The latest test on a rare animal apecies6.A.A poisonous snake attacked him on this field trip.B.He discovered a rare fog on a deserted islandC.A snake crawled onto his head in his sleep.D.He fell from a tall palm tree by accident7.A.From its genesB.From its lengthC.From its originD.From its colour8.A.The security check takes time.B.He has to check a lot of luggageC.His flight is leaving in less than 2 hoursD.The airport is a long way from the hotel9.A.In cashB.By credit cardC.With a traveler’s checkD.With his smart phone10.A.Give him a receiptB.Confirm his flightC.Look after his luggageD.Find a porter for him11.A.Signing up for membership of S HotelB.Staying in the same hotel next time he comesC.Loading her luggage onto the airport shuttleD.Posting a comment on the hotel’s webpage12.A.He is the only boy in his familyB.He becomes tearful in windC.He has stopped making terrible facesD.He is his teacher’s fa vorite student13.A.Tell him to play in her backyardB.Do sth funny to amuse himC.Give him some cherry stones to play withD.Warn him of danger by making up a story14A.They could break pp’s legsB.They could sometimes terrify adultsC.They could fly against a strong windD.They could knock pp unconscious15.A.One would get a spot on their tongues if they told a lie deliberatelyB.One would have to shave their head to remove a bat in their hair.C.One would go to prison if they put a stamp on uoside downD.One would have curly hair if they ate too much stale bread16一.新闻听力【News Report 1】One of Google's self-driving cars crashed into a bus in California last month. There were no injuries.It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash, but it may be the first time it has caused one.On February 14th the self-driving car, travelling at 2mph (3km/h), pulled out in front of a public bus going 15mph (24km/h).The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode.In a statement, Google said: "We clearly bear some responsibility, because if our car hadn't moved, there wouldn't have been a crash."That said, our test driver believed the bus was going to slow or stop to allow us to merge into the traffic, and that there would be sufficient space to do that."The company's self-driving cars have done well over a million miles across various states in the US, and until now have only reported minor accidents.Q1: According to Google, what was the cause of the accident?B The test driver made a wrong judgement解析：根据新闻第一句话，这篇新闻主要报道的是谷歌无人自动驾驶汽车与一辆公交车发生碰撞这一事故。
《“无人驾驶”》阅读练习及答案
阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一：无人驾驶的研究开始于20世纪70年代，从美国谷歌、英国Venturer联盟和阿联酋的“EZ10”等，到中国的百度，无人驾驶都已经进入到路试阶段。
虽然无人驾驶汽车也属于移动机器人和人工智能的一种，但是在市场应用上，与普通机器人及通用人工智能相比，无人驾驶汽车将在更短时间内得以普及。
无人驾驶汽车的各单元性能已满足当下的物流市场需求，其精度的提升主要依赖于导航技术的提升。
配合互联网、物联网及持续提升的信息化平台技术的智能导航系统将会进一步提高无人驾驶汽车的市场应用能力。
当然人工智能发展虽然神速，但无人驾驶汽车依然处于技术储备期，其性能全面提升尚需时日当路试完成后，为了进一步实现物流业降本增效，提升物流行业的全球竞争力，政府一纸行文全面鼓励无人驾驶或将成为大概率事件。
无人驾驶汽车极大地提升运输速度和运输效率，将会给物流业和物流企业带来较大冲击，智能装备替代有人司机，货运车辆变成了自动化运输网络中的智能装备。
无人驾驶汽车带来物流的网络化、规模化和标准化将改善超限超载的低价运营状态，由此成为物流企业竞争的核心手段。
（摘编自《经济参考报》2018年5月29日）材料二：（摘编自《2018—2024年中国互联网+无人驾驶行业市场监测分析报告》）材料三：创新工场董事长李开复表示，无人驾驶落地除了技术，还需考虑到车辆、人员的保险和理赔等问题，在未来交通解决方案中，Hyperloop Kitty Hawk的飞车都给我们提供了无限想象。
创新工场目前已经投资了4家无人驾驶公司。
无人驾驶是以高效、便捷和可靠为具体目标的驾驶行为，需要人、车、路高度协同。
广州公交集团董事长谢振东表示，无人驾驶整个生态是由各种产业链交织在一起形成的，目前无人驾驶的产业链尚未建立起来，未来需要从技术等各个方面做更多工作。
在广州联通总经理廖江看来，无人驾驶要求车路协同，特别需要可靠的网络，5G技术和5G网络非常契合车路协同的要求。