上海市嘉定区2020届高三地理下学期第二次质量调研测试(二模)试题
上海市嘉定区2020届高三地理下学期第二次质量调研测试（二模）试题考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为综合题，该部分所有试题均为简答题。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分）1.2019年12月26日发生的天文奇观日环食，在大部分亚洲地区及中东地区可以观测到。
该日的日地距离和月相分别是A.近日点、朔B.近日点、望C.远日点、朔D.远日点、望2.2019年是太阳活动的低峰年，太阳活动进入“冰点”。
其给地球带来的影响可能是A.通讯和导航设施失灵的可能性增大B.全球昼夜变化幅度变小C.两极地区极光出现的次数减少D.两极地区极昼时间缩短3.下图中①线表示某日全球不同纬度正午太阳高度分布状况。
该日太阳直射点位于A.赤道B.南回归线C.北回归线D.南极圈4.在我国陕西北部榆林靖边县分布着一种地质奇观“波浪谷”，其因红色砂岩上的纹路像波浪而得名。
组成这种波浪谷地质奇观的岩石主要由A.高温高压变质形成B.滨海沉积沙子胶结而成C.岩浆在地表冷却而成D.岩浆在地下深处冷却而成5.我国西南地区发育有大范围的喀斯特地貌，其原因除了那里分布有大量的石灰岩外，还因为那里A.地震活动频繁B.地形复杂多样C.气温高降水多D.植物种类繁多6.新疆属典型的温带大陆性气候，晴天时，白天气温一般较高。
其主要原因是①地表物质吸收太阳辐射能②大气吸收太阳辐射能③地表物质吸收大气辐射能④大气吸收地表辐射能A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④7.右图所示地区6月到9月份降水较少，其原因主要是该区受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
这一气压带或风带可能是A.赤道低气压带B.东北信风带C.东南信风带D.副极地低气压带8.该图为2019年11月29日20点亚洲局部海平面气压分布图。
在锋面到达前后，甲地先后出现的天气现象是A.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—降温B.晴朗—风力减小—阴雨—降温C.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—升温D.阴雨—风力减小—晴朗—升温9.与北赤道暖流成因相似的洋流是A.千岛寒流B.秘鲁寒流C.西风漂流D.本格拉寒流10.厦门市是个严重缺水的城市，尤其是厦门岛，主要靠跨地市引水工程解决水资源短缺问题。
该市水资源紧缺的自然原因主要是①纬度低，蒸发量大②濒临海边，地下水咸化③降水集中在夏半年④境内缺少大江、大湖A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④11.随着社会、经济的发展，某些地方的农业生产类型发生改变。
如山东寿光县从传统的小麦种植区转变为全国著名的蔬菜生产基地。
导致寿光农业生产类型发生改变的主导因素是①气候②土壤③消费市场④交通运输A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④12.美国五大湖工业区、德国鲁尔工业区、我国的东北工业区最早都是依赖煤炭和铁矿资源发展了钢铁工业，我国大庆最早是依赖石油资源发展了石油工业……这些事实说明，自然资源直接影响区域①早期的第二产业布局②早期的第二产业结构③第二产业优化升级的方向④第二产业转移的速度A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④13.镇湖镇是江苏省苏州手工刺绣的主要发源地和重要产地。
近年来，当地绣商前往朝鲜寻找加工厂代工生产苏绣，并运回镇湖镇售卖。
与苏州相比，朝鲜生产苏绣的区位优势是A.刺绣技艺水平较高B.绣品市场距离较近C.绣品原料品质较优D.刺绣人工成本较低14.“一带一路”是互惠之路，对密切我国与沿线国家之间的经济贸易联系意义重大。
与俄罗斯的合作有利于我国①进口大量油气资源②输入大量的剩余劳力③引进对方民间资本④拓宽产品的销售市场A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④15.互联网购物的商业模式导致了传统商业区位条件的改变，其中改变最明显的是①商业集聚程度增大②物流保障要求上升③市场集中程度增大④商业地租支付减少A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④16.2008年~2015年间，大庆市人口总量不断减少、人口自然增长率明显下降、人口老龄化现象日趋严重。
产生这种现象的直接原因是①经济发展过于缓慢②青年人才流失较多③产业结构转型加速④医疗保障条件较好A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④17.草场资源是发展畜牧业的物质基础，亚洲大陆的草场资源主要位于温带草原地区。
亚洲大陆温带草原地区保护草场资源最需要关注的是A.防止草原大火B.不能过度放牧C.引水浇灌草地D.防止风沙侵袭18.我国地域辽阔，各地民居迥然不同，其建筑材料、结构与功能与地理环境密切相关。
适应高寒气候的传统民居是A.蒙古包B.窑洞C.四合院D.碉房19.遥感技术广泛运用于诸多领域。
下列项目中，主要利用该技术实现的有①监测旱涝灾害②获取月背全景③规划物流路径④普查人口数量A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④20.温带海洋性气候对应的自然带名称是A.温带落叶阔叶林带B.温带草原带C.温带荒漠带D.亚热带常绿硬叶林带二、综合题（共60分）（一）安徽省是我国地质灾害较为明显的省份之一，地质灾害给城乡经济建设及人民的生命财产安全造成了很大危害。
读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）材料一：安徽省地理简图和安徽省主要地形区地质灾害分布材料二：安徽省煤矿资源丰富，主要分布于淮河以北的平原区，大小煤矿众多，有些矿区经过长期开采，地下废弃矿坑、矿洞众多。
材料三：皖南山区、大别山区大小断层构造众多，山体陡峭，表层岩石风化程度较高，山坡松散风化层一般都较厚。
山区修公路、建民居通常需要开山切坡，砍伐林木。
21.概述安徽省地质灾害的主要分布规律。
（6分） 22.分析淮北平原区地面塌陷灾害发生的主要原因。
（4分） 23.分析大别山区、皖南山区滑坡灾害发生的主要原因。
（6分）24.根据所学知识，阐述大别山区和皖南山区在防治地质灾害方面应该采取的措施。
（4分）表 1 安徽省主要地形区地质灾害地形区主要地质灾害发生时间 淮北平原 土地盐渍化、 地面塌陷 江淮丘陵 膨胀土变形 大别山区 水土流失、 滑坡、崩塌 5~7月 皖南山区滑坡、崩塌、 水土流失5~7月（二）城市化与产业结构升级在区域发展中相伴而行，城市化率、产业结构是城市与区域发展的重要标志。
读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）材料一：贵州省地处祖国西南，民族众多，自然和民族文化旅游资源十分丰富。
材料二：第五次人口普查显示，贵州省从事农林牧渔相关职业人员中的小学文化水平占比达49%。
2018年全年减少贫困人口148.14万人，贫困发生率下降至4.29%。
材料三：贵州地貌以高原山地居多，素有“八山一水一分田”之说，属亚热带季风气候，气温变化小，冬暖夏凉，气候宜人。
水果种类丰富，特产刺梨、猕猴桃、赫章核桃、富硒枇杷、蜜柚等。
表1 2018年贵州及全国三大产业比重（%）产业比重从业人员比重贵州全国贵州全国第一产业14.6% 7.2% 53.8% 27%第二产业38.9% 40.7% 18.4% 28%第三产业46.5% 52.2% 27.8% 45%城市化率49.68% 59.58%表2 2018年贵州第二产业主要支柱行业1.酒、饮料和精致茶制造业（26%）2.煤炭开采和洗选业（14.4%）3.电力、热力生产和供应业（11%）4.非金属矿物制品业（8.9%）5.烟草制品业（8.2%）25.概述2018年贵州省城市化和三大产业发展的现状。
（6分）26.分析贵州省第二产业支柱行业特征及对第二产业城市化发展的影响。
（4分） 27.分析贵州省社会、经济发展的优势条件和主要人文方面的制约因素。
（6分）28.近年来，贵州针对农村和民族地区人口的实际情况，发展以水果、中草药、蔬菜、食用菌菇为主的农业合作社，农村人口的收入得到快速增长，扶贫工作成效显著。
从因地制宜可持续发展的角度，评价这些措施的合理性。
（4分）（三）汉江发源于秦岭山地，是长江最大的支流，流域面积大，也是南水北调中线工程供水水源地。
读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）材料一：汉江中下游地域辽阔，自然资源丰富。
人口众多，经济发达，是我国发展综合生态农业、农业多种经营的基地和全国重要的粮、棉、油基地。
材料二：丹江口水库多年平均年入库径流量为379.19亿m 2。
调水前，丹江口以下汉江中下游地区年均水资源量大约为404.4亿m 3，人均和亩均水资源量偏低。
材料三：南水北调中线工程年调水规模为130亿m 3，缓解了华北地区水资源紧张状况，促进了该区工农业发展，保障了人民生活用水安全。
29.从径流量大小、汛期、冰期等方面，分析汉江的主要水文特征。
（6分）30.分析南水北调中线工程实施后，汉江中下游地区水资源数量的变化及其对该地区工农业生产、生态环境产生的影响。
（6分）表1 汉江流域不同河段和城市统计 河段 上游区 中游区 下游区 流域总面积的占比 56% 25% 19% 河床落差的占比 96% --- --- 城市分布密度 2.13 4.23 4.53 表2 汉江流域年水土保持量统计（t ▪km -2）2001年 2017年 丹江口大坝上游 47万 101万 丹江口大坝下游 15万 31.5万 全流域平均 34万 73.5万31.水土保持是所有河流流域管理的重点之一，汉江流域治理的重点为汉江上游地区。
依据表1、表2分析这一做法的依据及取得的成效。
（4分）32.不同的区域资源禀赋不可能相同，区域发展必须加强与其他区域的联系、发挥各自区城的优势条件，求得共同发展。
依据这一原则，评价南水北调中线工程的合理性。
（4分）嘉定区2019学年等级考第二次质量调研测试参考答案二、综合题（60分）（一）21.安徽省地质灾害与自然地理环境关系密切，淮北平原区是土地盐渍化和地面塌陷；（2分）江淮丘陵区以膨胀土变形为主；（2分）大别山区和皖南山区以滑坡、崩塌和水土流失为主。
（2分）22.该地区煤矿大小煤矿众多，地下废弃矿坑、矿洞多，（2分）长期空置易于导致地面塌陷。
（2分）23.山区断层构造众多，山体陡峭、表层风化程度高，土层厚；（2分）该区位于季风气候区，5到7月降水集中，雨量大；（2分）加之人类建设和生活活动，破坏山地绿化等，（2分）重力作用下整体下滑，易于引发滑坡灾害。
24.（4分）建立健全防灾减灾的政策法规体系，提高公众的减灾意识；在大别山区、皖南山区加强地质灾害的危险区的发现和监测；加强暴雨天气监测和预报；加强林木管理，防止乱砍乱伐。
（任答两点）（二）25.城市化率低于全国平均水平。
（2分）三大产业产值比重为“三、二、一”结构，第一产业产值比重明显高于全国平均水平，第二、三产业产值比重明显低于全国平均水平。
（2分）从三大产业从业人员比重看，第一产业从业人员占比最高，远高于全国平均水平；第二、三产业明显低于全国水平。
【学期】上海市浦东区2020届高三下学期质量调研二模地理试卷版含答案
【关键字】学期黄浦区2017年高中学业等级考调研测试地理试卷2017年4月（满分100分时间60分钟）考生注意：1．本试卷共7页，答题时间60分钟。
2．全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题。
3．答卷前，务必在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、考生号。
4．答案必须全部做在答题纸上，用黑色水笔填写。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列行星中，不属于类地行星的是A．木星B．水星C．金星D．火星2．2016年11月某晚，人们观看到了比平常大14%，亮度提高三成左右的“超级月亮”。
下列说法正确的是A．超级月亮的形成与气候的变化有关B．超级月亮的形成与月球形状变化有关C．该日恰逢月地距离较近D．该日恰逢日地距离较近3．二十四节气是中国历法的独特创造。
依据下图判断，以下说法错误的是A．春分之后是清明B．每相邻两个节气间隔约15天C．从春分到夏至，太阳直射点向北移动D．从秋分到冬至，太阳直射点向北移动4．下面四图中，与澳大利亚发生的热带风暴对应的天气系统示意图是A．①B．②C．③D．④5．臭氧是大气中的微量气体之一。
臭氧层是地球的防护层，这是因为臭氧层A．可能造成全球气温下降B．使光化学烟雾污染天气增多C．分解人类排放的废气D．吸收太阳紫外线辐射6．海陆间水循环对人类活动的重要意义在于A．使淡水资源不断革新B．促进了海洋水体的革新C．阻隔海陆之间的能量交换D．降低了表层海水的温度7．水资源是人类生产、生活中的必需资源，我国春季缺水最严重的地区是A．塔里木盆地B．华北平原C．云贵高原D．黄土高原8．图中甲乙丙丁洋流中既是补偿流又是寒流的是A．甲B．乙C．丙D．丁9．煤炭有黑色金子的美誉，是工业的食粮。
读图判断，下列有关煤炭的说法，正确的是A．是一种固体可燃的沉积岩B．与玄武岩成因相同C．是黑色可燃的石灰岩D．不具有层理构造10．2016年11月，新西兰南岛发生8级地震。
板块构造学说认为该岛处于A．印度洋板块和太平洋板块的生长界B．印度洋板块和太平洋板块的消亡界C．印度洋板块和亚欧板块的生长界D．印度洋板块和亚欧板块的消亡界11．2016年，我国全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策。
上海市嘉定区2020届高三二模数学卷(含答案)
上海市嘉定区2020届高三二模数学卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果．1．已知集合}8,6,4,2{=A ，}3,2,1{=B ，则=B A ∩___________．2．线性方程组⎩⎨⎧=+=-8352y x y x 的增广矩阵为____________．3．已知圆柱的底面半径为1，母线长为2，则该圆柱的侧面积等于______________．4．在5)2(-x 的二项展开式中，3x 项的系数为__________．5．若实数y x ,满足⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤-≤≥0210y x y x ，则y x z +=的最大值为___________．6．已知球的主视图的面积是π，则该球的体积等于___________．7．设各项均为正数的等比数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S ，11=a ，632=+a a ，则=6S ___________．8．已知函数x x f a log 2)(+=（0>a 且1≠a ）的反函数为)(1x f y -=．若2)3(1=-f ，则=a ________．9．设z C ∈，092=+z ，则=-|4|z ____________．10．从4对夫妇中随机抽取3人进行核酸检测，则所抽取的3人中任何两人都不是夫妻的概率是_________（结果用数值表示）．11．设P 是双曲线1822=-y x 上的动点，直线⎩⎨⎧=+=θθsin cos 3t y t x (t 为参数)与圆1)3(22=+-y x 相交于A 、B 两点，则PA PB ⋅的最小值是_______________．12．在ABC ∆中，内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别为a 、b 、c ，若A bc c b a sin 32222=++，则=A ___________．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项．考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑．13．已知x R ∈，则“1>x ”是“12<-x ”的（）．.A 充分非必要条件.B 必要非充分条件.C 充要条件.D 既非充分又非必要条件14．下列函数中，既是),0(+∞上的增函数，又是偶函数的是（）．.A xy 1=.B xy 2=.C ||1x y -=.D ||lg x y =15．如图，若正方体1111D C B A ABCD -的侧面11B BCC 内动点P 到棱11B A 的距离等于它到棱BC 的距离，则点P 所在的曲线为（）．.A 椭圆.B 双曲线.C 抛物线.D 圆1A16．设数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且n S 2是6和n a 的等差中项．若对任意的*n N ∈，都有],[13t s S S nn ∈-，则s t -的最小值为（）．.A 32.B 49.C 21.D 61三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤．17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图，在四棱锥ABCD P -中，底面ABCD 为正方形，边长为3，5=PC ，⊥PD 底面ABCD ．（1）求四棱锥ABCD P -的体积；（2）求异面直线AD 与BP 所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）．18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）设常数a R ∈，函数x a x x f 2cos 2sin 3)(+=．（1）若)(x f （x R ∈）是奇函数，求a 的值；（2）若3)6(=πf ，求方程2)(=x f 在区间],0[π上的解．19．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）某村共有100户农民，且都从事蔬菜种植，平均每户的年收入为2万元．为了调整产业结构，该镇政府决定动员部分农民从事蔬菜加工．据估计，若能动员x （*x N ∈）户农民从事蔬菜加工，则剩下的继续从事蔬菜种植的农民平均每户的年收入比上一年提高%2x ，而从事蔬菜加工的农民平均每户的年收入为⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-x a 5092（0>a ）万元．（1）在动员x 户农民从事蔬菜加工后，要使从事蔬菜种植的农民的总年收入不低于动员前100户农民的总年收入，求x 的取值范围；（2）在（1）的条件下，要使这100户农民中从事蔬菜加工的农民的总年收入始终不高于从事蔬菜种植的农民的总年收入，求a 的最大值．20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分）已知椭圆)0(12222>>=+Γb a b y a x ：过点)2,0(P ，且它的一个焦点与抛物线x y 82=的焦点相同．直线l 过点)0,1(Q ，且与椭圆Γ相交于A 、B 两点．（1）求椭圆Γ的方程；（2）若直线l 的一个方向向量为)2,1(=d，求OAB ∆的面积（其中O 为坐标原点）；（3）试问：在x 轴上是否存在点M ，使得MA MB ⋅为定值？若存在，求出点M 的坐标和定值；若不存在，请说明理由．21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）已知m 为正整数，各项均为正整数的无穷数列}{n a 满足：⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=+为奇数为偶数n n n nn a m a a a a ,,21，记数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S ．（1）若81=a ，2=m ，求7S 的值；（2）若5=m ，253=S ，求1a 的值；（3）若11=a ，m 为奇数，求证：“m a n >+1”的充要条件是“n a 为奇数”．参考答案与评分标准一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1—6题每题4分，第7---12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果．1．}2{2．⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-8512313．π44．405．36．34π7．638．29．510．7411．312．3π二、选择题(本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分)每题有且只有一个正确选项．考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑．13．B 14．D 15．C 16．B 三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必须的步骤．17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）（1）解：因为PD ABCD ⊥平面，所以DC PD ⊥．又因为5,3==PC DC ，所以422=-=DC PC PD ，……………………………………2分所以四棱锥ABCD P -的体积为124333131=⨯⨯⨯=⋅=PD S V ABCD ．……………………………………………………………6分（2）解法1：由题意得AD ∥BC ，所以直线BC 与BP 所成的角就是异面直线AD 与BP 所成的角．………………………………2分PD ABCD PD BC BC PCD BC PCBC CD ⊥⇒⊥⎫⇒⊥⇒⊥⎬⊥⎭平面平面………………………5分在Rt PCD ∆中，35tan ==∠BC PC PBC ，35arctan =∠PBC ．所以异面直线AD 与BP 所成角的大小为35arctan ．………………………………………8分解法2：以D 为坐标原点，以DA 、DC 、DP 为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴的正半轴，建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，可得有关点的坐标为)0,0,0(D ，)0,0,3(A ，)0,3,3(B ，)0,3,0(C ，)4,0,0(P ．…………………2分所以)0,0,3(-=AD ，）（4,3,3--=BP ．……………4分设异面直线AD 与BP 所成的角为θ，向量AD 与BP 所成的角为ϕ，因为3434334340)3(0)3(3cos =⨯⨯+-⨯+-⨯-==BP AC ϕ，…………………6分又34343cos cos ==ϕθ，所以34343arccos =θ．即所求异面直线AC 与D C 1所成角的大小为34343arccos．…………………………………8分18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）解：（1）因为)(x f 为奇函数，所以)()(x f x f -=-，…………………………………………2分即)cos 2sin 3()(cos )2sin 322x a x x a x +-=-+-（，即0cos 22=x a ，所以0=a ．……………………………………………………………6分（2）因为3)6(=πf ，即36cos 3sin32=+ππa ，解得2=a ．…………………………2分所以x x x f 2cos 22sin 3)(+=，即11cos 22sin 3)(2+-+=）（x x x f ，即12cos 2sin 3)(++=x x x f ，162sin2)(++=（πx x f ．……………………………4分设2162sin2=++）（πx ，即2162sin =+）（πx ．…………………………………………5分因为],0[π∈x ，则得613,6[62πππ∈+x ，所以662ππ=+x 或65π或613π，解得0=x 或3π=x 或π．……………………………………………………………………8分19．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）解：（1）由题意得1002%)21(2)100(⨯≥+⨯⨯-x x ，……………………………2分即0502≤-x x ，……………………………………………………………………………4分解得500≤≤x ．又因为*N ∈x ，所以*,500N ∈≤<x x ．…………………………………………………6分（2）从事蔬菜加工的农户年总收入为)5092xa x -（万元，从事蔬菜种植的农户年总收入为%)21(2)100(x x +⨯⨯-万元，根据题意得%)21(2)100()5092x x xa x +⨯⨯-≤-（恒成立，…………………………4分因为*N ∈x ，所以1100254++≤xx a 恒成立．而9110025421100254=+⨯≥++xx x x ，………………………………………………6分当且仅当25=x （*N ∈）时，等号成立．所以9≤a ，因此a 的最大值为9．………………………………………………………8分20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分）解：（1）由题意知2,2==c b ，则得8222=+=c b a ，………………………………3分所以椭圆Γ的方程为14822=+y x ．……………………………………………………4分（2）由题意知直线l 的点方向式方程为211-=-y x ，即22-=x y ．…………2分设),(),,(2211y x B y x A ，由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-==+2214822x y y x 得01692=-x x ，解得01=x 或9162=x ．…………………………4分于是OAB ∆的面积为916916|2|21=⨯-⨯=S ，即所求OAB ∆的面积为916．…………6分（3）假设存在点)0,(m M ，使得MB MA ⋅为定值．设),(),,(2211y x B y x A ．①当直线l 的斜率存在时，可设直线l 的方程为)1(-=x k y ．由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-==+)1(14822x k y y x 得0824)212222=-+-+k x k x k （，由一元二次方程根与系数的关系得2221222121)4(2,214k k x x k k x x +-=+=+，因为),11y m x MA -=（，),22y m x MB -=（，所以)1)(1()()(212212121--+--=+--=⋅x x k m x m x y y m x m x MB MA ）（）（22212212))(()1(k m x x k m x x k ++++-+=22222222214)(21)4(2)1(k m kk k m k k k +++⨯+-+-⨯+=222221)542()8(kk m m m +--+-=．……………………………………………3分若MB MA ⋅为定值，则得2542822--=-m m m ，解得411=m ，此时167-=⋅MB MA ；……………………………………………………………………………4分②当直线l 的斜率不存在时，不妨设)214,411(),214,411(B A -，当点M 的坐标为）（0411时，167-=⋅MB MA ．………………………………………………………………………5分综上，在x 轴上存在点），（0411M ，使得MB MA ⋅为定值167-．……………………………6分21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）解：（1）由题意得7,5,3,1,2,4765432======a a a a a a ，………………3分所以307=S ．………………………………………………………………………………4分（2）①若1a 是奇数，则512+=a a 是偶数，252123+==a a a ，由253=S ，得2525)5(111=++++a a a ，解得71=a ，符合题意；…………2分②若1a 是偶数，不妨设k a 21=（*N ∈k ），则k a a ==212．若k 是偶数，则2223k a a ==，由253=S ，得2522=++kk k ，此方程无整数解；……………………………………………4分若k 是奇数，则53+=k a ，由253=S ，得25)5(2=+++k k k ，解得5=k ，符合题意，此时101=a ．综上，71=a 或101=a ．………………………………………………………………6分（3）充分性：由已知n a Z +∈，所以当n a 为奇数时，1n n a a m m +=+>．……………………2分必要性：猜想：当n a 为奇数时，m a n ≤；n a 为偶数时，m a n 2≤．……………………4分用数学归纳法证明：（i）当1=n ，2时，1a 为奇数，m a ≤=11；2a 为偶数，m m a 212≤+=．（ii）假设当k n =时，猜想成立．即k a 为奇数时，m a k ≤；k a 为偶数时，m a k 2≤．若k a 为奇数，则m a a k k +=+1且1+k a 为偶数；由m a k ≤，得m a k 21≤+；若k a 为偶数，则21kk a a =+，由m a k 2≤，得m a k ≤+1．此时，若1+k a 为奇数，则m a k ≤+1；若1+k a 为偶数，则m m a k 21≤≤+．综上，1+k a 为奇数，m a k ≤+1；1+k a 为偶数，m a k 21≤+．即当1+=k n 时，猜想也成立．根据（i）和（ii），猜想成立．……………………………………………………………………6分因为当n a 为偶数时，m a a nn ≤=+21，所以当m a n >+1时，n a 为奇数．……………………8分。
上海市高三地理下学期二模试题(上海四区二模)中图版
上海市高三地理下学期二模试题（上海四区二模）中图版高三年级 地理试卷本试卷共12页，满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
全卷包括两大题；第一大题为选择题；第二大题为综合分析题，包括共同部分和选择部分。
考生注意：1.答卷前，务必用圆珠笔或钢笔在试卷和答题纸上将姓名、准考证号等填写清楚，并用2B 铅笔在答题纸上正确涂写准考证号码。
2.第一大题由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号与答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
3.第二大题采用人工阅卷。
考生应用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上，用铅笔答题或写在试卷上一律不给分。
所有考生应完成本大题共同部分；选择部分分为A 、B 两组，两组试题分值相同；A 组试题适合选择“地球和月球；自然资源与自然灾害”模块的考生，B 组试题适合选择“地域分异规律；旅游资源”模块的考生；考生任选一组答题，但不能交叉答题，如果考生交叉答题，只对A 组的应答进行评分。
一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案 ）（一）美国宇航局的科学家对新一轮太阳风暴提出了警告，认为2013年地球将遭受一场严重的太阳风暴。
1．太阳风暴的形成与黑子活动有关，太阳活动的主要标志和周期是………………（ ） A ．太阳风、黑子，11年 B ．太阳风、耀斑，14年 C ．日珥、耀斑，11年 D ．黑子、耀斑，11年2．对地球影响最大的太阳活动来自太阳的……………………………………………（ ） A ．日冕层B ．光球层 C ．色球层 D ．太阳内部圈层3．如果太阳风暴强烈，会对现代导航系统造成干扰，其主要是……………………（ ） A ．高速带电粒子进入大气圈扰乱地球上空对流层 B ．高速带电粒子进入大气圈扰乱地球磁场，产生磁暴现象 C ．高速带电粒子进入大气圈，产生极光，干扰导航 D ．温度高，影响导航设备正常运行（二）近年来，台湾省已成为大陆游客的旅游热点地区。
2020嘉定区二模地理
嘉定区2019学年等级考第二次质量调研测试地理试卷（2020.05）考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为综合题，该部分所有试题均为简答题。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分）1.2019年12月26日发生的天文奇观日环食，在大部分亚洲地区及中东地区可以观测到。
该日的日地距离和月相分别是A.近日点、朔B.近日点、望C.远日点、朔D.远日点、望2.2019年是太阳活动的低峰年，太阳活动进入“冰点”。
其给地球带来的影响可能是A.通讯和导航设施失灵的可能性增大B.全球昼夜变化幅度变小C.两极地区极光出现的次数减少D.两极地区极昼时间缩短3.下图中①线表示某日全球不同纬度正午太阳高度分布状况。
该日太阳直射点位于A.赤道B.南回归线C.北回归线D.南极圈4.在我国陕西北部榆林靖边县分布着一种地质奇观“波浪谷”，其因红色砂岩上的纹路像波浪而得名。
组成这种波浪谷地质奇观的岩石主要由A.高温高压变质形成B.滨海沉积沙子胶结而成C.岩浆在地表冷却而成D.岩浆在地下深处冷却而成5.我国西南地区发育有大范围的喀斯特地貌，其原因除了那里分布有大量的石灰岩外，还因为那里A.地震活动频繁B.地形复杂多样C.气温高降水多D.植物种类繁多6.新疆属典型的温带大陆性气候，晴天时，白天气温一般较高。
其主要原因是①地表物质吸收太阳辐射能②大气吸收太阳辐射能③地表物质吸收大气辐射能④大气吸收地表辐射能A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④7.右图所示地区6月到9月份降水较少，其原因主要是该区受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
这一气压带或风带可能是A.赤道低气压带B.东北信风带C.东南信风带D.副极地低气压带8.该图为2019年11月29日20点亚洲局部海平面气压分布图。
上海市嘉定区2020年高二(高三)第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测地理试卷(word版含答案)
上海市嘉定区2020年高二(高三)第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测地理试卷(word版含答案)嘉定区2019-2020学年第一学期期末考质量监测高二（高三）年级地理学科试卷时间：60分钟，满分：100分注意事项：1.本试卷共6页，答题时间为60分钟。
2.本试卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题。
3.答卷前请在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名和考生号。
4.答案必须全部填写在答题纸上，使用黑色水笔。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案。
）1.根据图示日地月三者的相对位置，可以推测该时刻的月相及发生的天文现象是什么？A.新月日全食B.新月月全食C.满月月全食D.满月日全食2.12月18日，上海的正午太阳高度是什么？A.达到一年中最小值B.达到一年中最大值C.在逐日减小D.在逐日增大3.北美洲西海岸山脉的形成与两大板块的运动有关。
这两大板块是？A.太平洋板块与美洲板块B.太平洋板块与南极洲板块C.太平洋板块与亚欧板块D.太平洋板块与印度洋板块4.崇明岛是我国第三大岛，形成该岛的主要外力作用是？A.风化作用B.堆积作用C.侵蚀作用D.搬运作用5.右图为某类岩石形成示意图，该类岩石是什么？A.沉积岩B.变质岩C.岩浆岩D.砂岩6.我国杭州湾以北的沿海地区，其岸线平直，地势平坦，滩涂广阔。
这里的地貌类型属于？A.海蚀地貌B.海积地貌C.风蚀地貌D.风积地貌7.右图为2019年嘉定区11月连续5天的天气预报。
它显示了嘉定受某一天气系统影响前、影响期间和影响后天气的变化。
该天气系统是？A.XXXB.XXXC.气旋D.暖性高压8.上海的秋冬季节，晴朗的夜晚常出现霜冻。
其主要原因是什么？A.甲辐射较弱B.乙辐射较弱C.丙辐射较弱D.丁辐射较弱9.自然资源可持续利用的一个重要措施就是保护资源的再生条件。
对水资源保护而言，关注的重点应该是水循环的哪个环节？A.蒸发环节B.输送环节C.降水环节D.径流环节10.三大洋中，北印度洋与众不同，它在冬、夏季风作用下形成特殊的季风环流。
上海市嘉定区2020年高中等级考地理二模试题(逐题详解版)
嘉定区2019~2020年第二学期高二/高三年级质量调研考试地理试卷2020.05满分100分时间60分钟一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1.2019年12月26日发生的天文奇观日环食，在大部分亚洲地区及中东地区可以观测到。
该日的日地距离和月相分别是A.近日点、朔B.近日点、望C.远日点、朔D.远日点、望2.2019年是太阳活动的低峰年，太阳活动进入“冰点”。
其给地球带来的影响可能是A.通讯和导航设施失灵的可能性增大B.全球昼夜变化幅度变小C.两极地区极光出现的次数减少D.两极地区极昼时间缩短3.下图中①线表示某日全球不同纬度正午太阳高度分布状况。
该日太阳直射点位于A.赤道B.南回归线C.北回归线D.南极圈4.在我国陕西北部榆林靖边县分布着一种地质奇观“波浪谷”，其因红色砂岩上的纹路像波浪而得名。
组成这种波浪谷地质奇观的岩石主要由A.高温高压变质形成B.滨海沉积沙子胶结而成C.岩浆在地表冷却而成D.岩浆在地下深处冷却而成5.我国西南地区发育有大范围的喀斯特地貌，其原因除了那里分布有大量的石灰岩外，还因为那里A.地震活动频繁B.地形复杂多样C.气温高降水多D.植物种类繁多6.新疆属典型的温带大陆性气候，晴天时，白天气温一般较高。
其主要原因是①地表物质吸收太阳辐射能②大气吸收太阳辐射能③地表物质吸收大气辐射能④大气吸收地表辐射能A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④7.右图所示地区6月到9月份降水较少，其原因主要是该区受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
这一气压带或风带可能是A.赤道低气压带B.东北信风带C.东南信风带D.副极地低气压带8.该图为2019年11月29日20点亚洲局部海平面气压分布图。
在锋面到达前后，甲地先后出现的天气现象是A.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—降温B.晴朗—风力减小—阴雨—降温C.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—升温D.阴雨—风力减小—晴朗—升温9.与北赤道暖流成因相似的洋流是A.千岛寒流B.秘鲁寒流C.西风漂流D.本格拉寒流10.厦门市是个严重缺水的城市，尤其是厦门岛，主要靠跨地市引水工程解决水资源短缺问题。
上海市嘉定区2020届高三下学期第二次质量调研测试(二模)英语试题+Word版含答案
2020上海嘉定区高三英语二模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Customer and salesperson.B. Teacher and student.D. Guest and waitress.C. Boss and secretary.2. A. The program was not interesting enough.B. She didn't want to listen to the program.C. She had to meet her students.D. The students' questions kept her busy.3. A. Help the man with his essay.B. Memorize her lines by herself.C. Wait until the man finishes his essay.D. Ask Sue to help her.D. Shopping for running shoes4. A. Practice her presentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be.C. Try not to think about her audience.5. A. Writing a term paper.B. Studying for a history test.C. Reading a magazine.D. Watch him make his presentation.6. A. He doesn't like the way Americans speak.B. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.C. He doesn't mind speaking English with an accent.D. His English is still poor after ten years in America.7. A. The box office is closed today.B. The tickets have been sold out.C. He doesn't want to go to the concert.D. It's too late to buy the morning paper.8. A. He received a good evaluation.B. He enjoyed a wonderful performance.C. He's getting along well with his supervisor.D. He gave a good performance in the evaluation.9. A. The library is closed on weekends.B. He had no idea where the book was.C. He wasn't allowed to check out the book.D. He didn't get the book he needed.10. A. He can't hear Tom clearly.B. Tom's speech is too deep.C. Tom doesn't speak directly.D. Tom doesn't talk about the proposal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He wrote the Superman stories.B. He was the best American journalistC. He was the boss of many newspapers.D. He won prizes for press photography.12. A. It stood up for the common people.B. It made public the wrongdoing of officials.C. It established a famous prize for journalism.英语学习讲义D. It probably provided a model for the Daily Planet13. A. Model newspaper.B. Excellence in journalism.D. Best school of journalism in America.C. Impressive public opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The fondness for the Ambassador.B. The long history of the Ambassador.C. The brilliant functions of the Ambassador.D. The stop of the production of the Ambassador.15. A. Low demand and lack of money.B. High price and strong competition.C. Lack of buyers and poor economy.D. Few changes and less competitiveness.16. A. Because the car can operate with ease.B. Because the car has a strong steel body.C. Because the car has a very long history.D. Because the car can be fixed at a low cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Whether high-quality students can explain concepts clearly.B. Whether schools should adopt gifted education programs.C. Whether regular students can benefit from gifted ones.D. Whether parents can do something for the smart kids18. A. They will feel superior to their peers.B. They will focus on assisting their teachers.C. They will get motivated and reach their full potential.D. They will lose the chance to tutor their struggling peers.19. A. Gifted education programs are beneficial to some schools here.B. Both slower and advanced learners should receive special education.C. Regular classes discourage bright students' motivation due to boredom.D. Gifted programs rob average students of the chance to learn from bright ones.20. A. He has prejudice against regular students.B. He has preference for bright students.C. He is enthusiastic about gifted programs.D. He lacks understanding of gifted studentsⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, he set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) ________ self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) ________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) ________ low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) ________ (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) ________ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) ________ ________ people are followed up over time.A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) ________ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) ________ not vice versa.Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) ________ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) ________ (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Put down the phone and live in the momentHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicine’s Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often.“There has been a(n) __31__ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,”said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms -- __32__ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offer many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your __33__.Being __34__ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not __35__ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devicesrather than __36__ with you.“ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively __37__ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the __38__ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help __39__ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips:●Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on thephone.●Do not use your phone at night: Being on your phone late into the night can make it harderfor you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you __40__ a healthy sleep behavior.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. __41__ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMA T, a computer adaptive test __42__ by many business schools.The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only __43__ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already __44__,”says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly __45__ their improved performance.”___46___, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the __47__ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase __48__ and consequently improve performance?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on __49__ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that __50__ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that __51__ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) __52__ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical __53__, including several for business.“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,”says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help __54__ employees’or occupants’experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and __55__.”41. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to42. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired43. A. distributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights44. A. encouraging B. imposing C. conflicting D. challenging45. A. characterized by B. called for C. responsible for D. typical of46. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all47. A. lack B., shift C. withdrawal D. presence48. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context49. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief50. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative51. A. implication B. expectation C. indication D. illustration52. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated53. A. simplification B. description C. resignation D. application54. A. enhance B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect55. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategySection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass（罗盘）that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be aninsult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience.If this resonates with（与……共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it -- not just personally, but also collectively.56. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.57. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. be relatively similar toB. cause something to be stronger thanC. make something less importantD. block off light from something58. What of the following might the author agree with?A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.59. Why does the author write the article?A. To promote harmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.(B)The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kidsA Model, Display or Collection:Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,”“Types of Dinosaurs,”“My Coin Collection.”Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”.An Experiment:Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data.Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”.You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen.Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?A. How swallows build their nests.B. What the solar system consists of.C. The three dances bees use to communicate.D. What structure can hold the most amount of weight.61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.B. A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.C. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something.D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide?A. Undergraduate students.B. Parents who have young kids.C. Staff working in the science labs.D. Judges invited to a science fair.(C)Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines.“If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards.However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said.But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. What’s more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”63. Which of the following is TRUE about the study?A. The study took about two decades to complete.B. The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.C. Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.D. The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.64. According to the passage, what does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?A. The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.B. Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits one’s health greatly.C. The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.D. The benefits of exercising in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.65. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.B. participants’ memories may affect the reliability of the study resultC. people exercising from their teens can maintain health foreverD. women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise has its limitations, studies showB. Getting active when young, experts suggestC. Health benefits fade with age, doctors warnD. Never too old to start, researchers saySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. _____67_____ There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies.Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals.When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. _____68_____. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed.The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating.____69____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write.Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. _____70_____ Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze（吃草）on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Overthe course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical（热带的）regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”What’s special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity（生物多样性）. The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。
【KS5U解析】上海市虹口区2020届高三二模考试地理试题 Word版含解析
A. 江西B. 福建C. 台湾D. 广西
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】根据图片可知，图示建筑为圆形土楼，是福建客家土楼的代表型民居，兼具居住与防御功能，据此分析本题选B。
16.下图为某山脉自然带分布示意图。山麓自然带沿图中M方向更替体现的地域分异规律是
A. 纬度地带性B. 从沿海到内陆的地带性
5.当台风中心位于上海东部洋面时，上海的盛行风最接近
A. 东北风B. 西北风C. 东南风D. 西南风
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】当台风中心位于上海东部洋面时，气压梯度力由上海指向东，即自西向东，受到向右的地转偏向力作用，风向偏转为西北风，此即上海的盛行风，据此分析本题选B。
6.全球气温上升产生的不利影响是
第一种，扩张型，下宽上窄．呈真正的金字塔形。
这种类型表明少年儿童人口比重大，而老年人口比重小，是人口出生率、自然增长率长期都高的结果。这种类型的人口由于育龄人群比重高，而且不断地成长起来。如果不降低生育水平，它未来的人口再生产趋势就是迅速增长，不断扩张。
第二种类型，静止型，各年龄组人口的比重大致均衡，像一个清真寺的顶部塔形。
2.雅鲁藏布江上游的“V”字型河谷形成的主要内、外力作用是
①板块张裂 ②板块挤压 ③风力侵蚀 ④流水侵蚀
A. ②④B. ①③C. ①④D. ②③
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】雅鲁藏布江上游的“V”字型河谷属于水蚀地貌，该河谷是因为雅鲁藏布江地处亚欧板块与印度洋板块的消亡边界，板块挤压抬升，河流下切而成，故该“V”字型河谷形成的主要内、外力作用是②板块挤压与④流水侵蚀，据此分析本题选A。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确答案）
2020年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三地理下学期期末试卷含解析
2020年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三地理下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题(每小题2分，共52分)1. 日晷是我国古代利用日影测得时刻的一种计时仪器，一般由晷针和晷盘组成。
晷针垂直于太阳视运动的轨道平面，上端指向北极星方向。
在晷盘面上刻划出12个大格，每个大格代表两个小时，当太阳光照在日晷上时，晷针的影子就会投向晷盘面，以此来显示时刻。
据此并读图回答5～6题。
5．天津校园内日晷仪晷针的影子，在夏至日晴天时移动的方向应是( )A．由西北逆时针转向东北 B．由西北顺时针转向东北C．由西南逆时针转向东南 D．由西南顺时针转向东南6．若图示日晷仪由天津移至上海使用时，晷盘与地面的夹角应该( )A．增大 B．减小 C．不变 D．按日期作调整参考答案：D A5.夏至日，北半球日出东北方向，日落西北方向。
天津校园内晷针的影子，在日出时应在西南方向，顺时针转动，到日落时位于东南方向，D对。
6.根据材料，晷针上端指向北极星，北极星的视角高度等于当地地理纬度。
上海纬度低，所以晷针与地面夹角应减小。
晷针与晷盘垂直，所以晷盘与地面夹角增大，A对。
2. 著名的“春城”昆明市气候宜人，环境优美，基于这个地理特点，昆明市提出了建设湖滨生态市的发展战略．但是滇池水环境污染问题成为实施这一战略的障碍．回答昆明气候四季如春的决定性因素是A．西南季风的持续影响B．临近滇池和森林植被覆盖率高C．东南季风和西南季风的共同影响 D．比较低的纬度位置和比较高的海拔高度参考答案：D3. 下图中右图表示巨蟒出山风景，它是江西三清山标志性景观，海拔1200余米，相对高度128米，是由风化和重力崩解作用而形成的巨型花岗岩石柱。
左图为地壳物质循环示意。
结合相关知识完成5—6题。
5．形成巨蟒出山风景的岩石属于左图中的A．甲 B．乙 C．丙 D．丁6．该景观形成的地质作用有①岩浆侵入②地壳运动③外力作用④火山喷发A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④D．①③④参考答案：5、B6、A5、左图中的甲为沉积岩(变质岩)、乙为岩浆岩、丙为变质岩(沉积岩)、丁为岩浆。
2020年上海地理等级考二模附答案解析
目录1.嘉定——————————————————————12.徐汇——————————————————————1-23.普陀——————————————————————24.静安——————————————————————35.长宁——————————————————————36.黄浦——————————————————————3-47.青浦——————————————————————48.金山——————————————————————4-59.闵行——————————————————————510.奉贤——————————————————————5-611.宝山——————————————————————612.崇明——————————————————————613.浦东——————————————————————714.杨浦——————————————————————72020二模题型整理嘉定安徽地质灾害：地质灾害分布规律——此题表格已给出，按表格答什么灾害分布于哪里塌陷原因——人为挖矿导致的矿洞多，塌陷主要是地下土层出现空洞导致滑坡原因——地形(山体断层构造，山体陡峭，表面风化程度高，土层厚)气候（位于季风区，降水集中雨量大）一定要提到集中人为（建设与生活，破坏山地）防治灾害措施——监测防灾意识法律法规贵州城市产业结构升级：城市化现状与三大产业发展描述——按着表格将贵州的整体与各个产业及产业人员比重与全国进行比较支柱产业特征及对城市化发展影响——由题可列举支柱产业，特征即为产品的附加值高低；必须提到对劳动力吸纳能力低，对城市化拉动作用弱发展社会经济优势条件与制约条件——从气候，交通，资源；制约方面大部分从劳动力素质这方面来答可持续发展合理性——合理性的答题模板是先说明当地的受限因素，然后列举他的措施，分析他利用了什么，发展了什么，克服了之前的受限因素，所以合理，另外，此题因为是可持续发展，所以尽量从经济社会生态三方面答汉江治理：水文特征——径流量,含沙量，汛期、结冰期、水能资源根据题目内容进行回答水资源变化对环境影响（整体性）——水资源减少然后从人文与自然两方面答，人为主要是用水紧张，航运；自然包括水质，生物，气候流域治理评价——此题主要是答水土流失的原因及地区，由表可知上游落差大且流域面积广，最后进行总结区域发展措施合理性——从经济社会生态三方面答，按合理性的模板徐汇四川脱贫：垂直地带性及其自然带丰富成因——两方面，一是地带性成因（套话），二是为什么丰富（纬度低，相对高度大）；泥石流灾害原因——由上到下：气候，地形，地质结构，植被扶贫政策合理性——先说明其限制因素，然后政策解决合理，主要从地形带来的不便，以及自然灾害的威胁回答可持续发展建议——从经济社会生态三方面答，围绕题目本身，尽量提及题目关键字词温州产业结构：产业结构变化特点——列举三大产业的变化趋势，说明他是什么类型，最好提到最后它是以第几产业为主导产业产业转移原因——说明转入地也就是湖北的区位优势，从自然和人文两方面产业转移影响——对转入地：加快城市化发展；增加就业机会；有利于当地产业结构优化升级等，主要从社会和经济两方面回答对转出地：产业优化转型，也可从环境方面回答集聚好处——降低成本，交流协作，品牌效应中巴合作能源工程：能源辨析——水能是常规能源，其他应该很好分辨工程困难辨析——从气候，自然灾害，空间跨度，工程量，地形回答；工程优势条件——社会经济角度：技术人口市场政策开展工程原因及可持续发展意义——这种调配能源主要是因为资源的生产与消费存在差异，然后描述生产地他的资源多，消费地的需求量大，总之体现出供需不平衡的状态可持续发展意义：从经济：资源转经济，社会：就业，基建，生态：能源消费结构及环境污染方面；因为此题是能源调配所以最好分为输入地和输出地回答普陀中美自然带气候差异对比：气候类型及成因——分别列举两地气候及成因自然带类型判读——建议熟背美国气候分布自然带分异规律及成因——此题分值较大，需写到从沿海到内陆（降水量差异）以及垂直地带性（海拔升高）两个及成因青藏高原建设不利条件——含氧量，冻土（可与气候一起写），自然灾害，生态环境,从中科合作研究科特迪瓦：降水量分布特点——此题无降水量分布图需自行判断（根据夏季风判断）点到由南到北减少即可降水量大原因——气压带风带移动；气候特征；洋流农业地域类型判读及有利条件——根据题目关键词“热带经济作物”可知为热带种植园农业，然后分析区位两国合作意义——对科特迪瓦（国内方面的经济社会）对中国（国际方面的市场与经济）贵州产业结构发展：地形地势特点——地形以什么为主，列举地形；然后地势就是哪里高哪里低石漠化原因——分自然与人为，自然主要是答类似喀斯特成因，人为主要答类似荒漠化原因，此题需准确辨析石漠化（结合材料一）产业发展区位——结合贵州省的气候，地形，资源，地理位置产业结构特点及可持续发展建议——结构类型及贵州与全国的比较经济：特色农产品，承接产业转移，新兴产业，旅游业；社会：就业生态：石漠化与水土流失静安从中秘合作看秘鲁：降水量分布特点——由哪里到哪里降水量变化状况洋流对自然环境影响——气候，生物（渔场），植被景观雨林的环境效益——净化大气；调节气候；涵养水源；固碳释氧；保持水土；防风固沙；生物多样性工程原因与影响——同徐汇区中巴合作最后一题欧洲分析：水文特征——径流量,含沙量，汛期、结冰期、水能资源两地积雪期比较——先比较长短，然后从海陆位置，大气环流，地形地势航运价值及工业区位分析——航运价值：降水量大；径流量大；径流季节变化小；流经平原，水流平缓；市场广阔工业区位：原料能源，工业基础，劳动力，交通农业地域类型判读及农业区位分析——熟记各地农业地域类型，然后农业区位福建自然灾害：滑坡，泥石流灾害次数变化原因——此题从气候及雨带推移分析降水量降水量分布特点及原因——空间分布不均（套话，建议答分布特点都写上）然后从哪里到哪里降水量的变化状况；原因：答降水量多少的原因无非就是风和地形地震原因——地震带与板块边界地质灾害分布特点及预防措施——将两张图对比分析，哪些灾害在哪里；监测防灾意识加固山体长宁南美湿地及农业：湿地成因——盆地（汇水面积大）；降水量；河水泛滥；生物涵养水源大气环流对河流影响——分析热带稀树草原气候的整体分湿季与干季具体分析农业地域类型判读及特点——牧场畜牧业的特点农业发展的影响（整体性）——湿地，土壤，河流，生物，气候吉林长白山分析：自然带类型判读——熟悉世界自然带分布地域分异类型判读——垂直地带性及成因苔原带形成原因——自然带形成原因一般从纬度，地形，土壤，大气环流此题无洋流判断泥石流灾害原因——山体陡峭，表面风化程度，气候，地形，地质结构，植被中意合作：岩石类型判读及成因——变质岩成因及特点农业区位条件——首先找出粮食作物的区域，从气候与灌溉水源回答，需要分析地中海气候的两面性及灌溉水源的补给社会经济角度分析区位——技术与交通（结合题目信息）工程布局合理性——从交通便利性（地形）及发展方向，工业发展需求，市场广阔；同时与将南方与北方做比较，突出北方的合理黄浦俄罗斯分析：地理位置判读——东西南北的地理事物，纬度，海陆位置（尽量将图中信息写完整）自然资源特点——总量，种类，人均，分布，进出口工业空间布局特点——分布形状，分布地区，沿河或交通；原因：能源丰富；工业类型中俄合作意义——你有什么，有的是什么类型的，缺什么，我有什么，有的是什么类型的，缺什么，互补性，市场广寒潮分析：我国受寒潮影响地区——看图回答，一一列举寒潮特点——联系冷暖锋地域文化——熟记地域文化特点并与题目联系寒潮预防措施——监测防灾意识法律法规（保障体系）生态建设西南地区水电发展：地貌形成判读——内因与外因产业发展区位优势——联系题目信息（多样性——特色农业）（自然景观——山地旅游）工程对经济，生态环境影响——资源转经济；生物，环境，灾害可持续发展理解——地理拓展分册多看青浦甘肃水资源分析：地形成因——位于三大自然区交汇地带，兼具三大自然区地理特征（个人建议将图片中的地形写上）水资源缺乏原因——气候，地形地势，环境问题水资源缺乏对城市化影响——联系水资源是决定人口容量的关键因素；以及产业发展用水水资源缺乏解决措施——成立专门管理机构，健全法规，完善管理；水利建设，开发水电；优化流域产业结构；注重城市乡村均衡发展；推广节水技术，提高水资源利用率；限制高耗水产业发展；注意生态保护，防治水资源污染；新疆产业发展：分析示意图——联系气温的变化带来放牧海拔的差别产业主导因素——地形，从图可以看出牧场是在不同海拔的山地上进行变化的，一切的前提是地形的变化。