英语中的主动语态与被动语态
英语中的主动语态与被动语态
英语中有两种语态即：主动语态和被动语态概念
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
例如：1. Granny takes care of the girl. 奶奶照顾这个小女孩（Granny是动作take care of 的执行者，属主动语态）
2. The girl is taken care of by Granny. 小女孩由奶奶照顾（the girl 是动作take care of 的承受者）
被动语态的构成
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
be 动词（am / is / are）+过去分词（2）一般过去时的被动语态
was / were + 过去分词
（3）一般将来时的被动语态
will + 过去分词
（4）含有情态动词的被动语态
Can / may / must / should +过去分词注：在英语中当然不止这四种形式的被动语态，它还有现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等多种形式的被动语态，但在中考中只考老师呈现的这四种时态的被动语态
被动语态的用法
在将被动语态变为主动语态时，首先划分句子成分找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，然后将主动语态的宾语拿来做被动语态的主语；接下来看这个句子是什么时态，这个句子是什么时态就用什么时态的被动语态；最后用by将主语引出,有时by短语可省略
例如：将下列句子变为被动语态
We call him Tom.
主谓宾
He is called Tom by us.
Many people speak English.
主谓宾
English is spoken by many people.
3. I asked her some questions.
主谓宾
She was asked some questions by me.
She made her room clean and tidy.
主谓宾
Her room is made clean and tidy.
5. They took care of the children.
主谓宾The children were taken of by them.
Lucy and Lily will plant many trees
主谓宾
next Sunday.
Many trees will be planted next Sunday by Lucy and Lily.
Jim can play the piano.
主谓宾
The piano can be played by Jim.
带有双宾语的句子被动语态的变法
带有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，首先划分句子成分找出句子的主语、谓语、直宾（人是直宾）和间宾（物是间宾），然后主动语态中的直宾和间宾都可用来作被动语态的主语，接下来如果是将间宾用来作被动语态的主语时，还须在直接宾语前加to或for 注意：介词to或for 的选择与谓语动词有关：与to 连用的动词有：give / show / send / bring / read /pass / lend / leave / hand / tell / return / write / pay / throw / wish / teach / promise等；与for 连用的动词有：make / buy / do / fetch / get / play / save / order / find 等. （常考的老师打有下划线）
例如：
1. She sent me a dictionary on
主谓直宾间宾
my birthday.
I was sent a dictionary on my birthday.
A dictionary was sent to me om my birthday. My father bought me a radio
主谓直宾间宾yesterday.
I was bought a radio yesterday.
A radio was bought for me by my father yesterday.
四：省略了带to的不定式的句子的被动语态的变法
省略了带to的不定式的句子在变为被动语态时，在这个省略没to的动词前要将to 还原上.（像这样的句型有：make sb do sth / see sb do sth / hear sb do sth / let sb do sth / watch sb do sth / notice sb do sth等）
例如：
1. The story made us laugh.
主谓宾
We were made to laugh by the story.
2. The boss makes the workers work 12
主谓宾
hours a day.
The workers are made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.
3. I saw the boy play soccer on the
主谓宾
playground almost every day.
The boy was seen to play soccer on the playground almost everyday.
练习题：
将下列句子改为被动语态
We plant trees every spring.
Many foreigners visit the Great Wall every year.
Lily and Lucy cleaned the classroom yesterday afternoon.
Most students like Mr. Wang.
Many people will visit Beijing next year.
They use wood to make paper.
Ann looked after the children well.
Lily invited me to her birthday party last Sunday.
A writer translated the book into many languages several years ago.
My brother can work out the math problem easily.
We should change clothes often to keep healthy.
Scientists may clone humans some day. People mustn’t throw rubbish into the river.Must we plant more trees to protect the environment
Did he plant many trees last year
Will she visit Beijing next Sunday
Jenny put her clothes in the suitcase yesterday evening.
18. Tom saw his sister walk into the room just now.
19. We must plant many trees and flowers in our hometown every year.
20. He can make paper ships.
21. Jane will watch TV tomorrow.
22. Though the earthquake destroyed many house, people didn’t lose hope.
23. Lily often heard her sister sing in the next room.
24. I noticed him read a novel in class.
25. The teacher made us understand it.
( ) 26. _ Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
_ Sure, many trees ____ every year.
A. plant
B. is plant
C. are planted
D. planted
( ) 27. In July, 2016, the 30th Olympic Games _____ in London.
A. will be held
B. be held
C. is held
D. was held
( ) 28. The task ____ in an hour. Then we can
go home and have a good rest.
A. was finished
B. will be finished
C. has been finished
D. can’t be finished ( ) 29. _ Where is Betty
_ She ____ on the playground a few minutes ago.
A. was seen
B. saw
C. is seen
D. is seeing
( ) 30. More than 20 schools ____ in the country next year.
A. are built
B. were built
C. have built
D. will be built
( ) 31. Many people learn English because it ____ widely ____ in the world.
A. is, used
B. was, used
C. is, using
D. was, using
( ) 32. _ People say the subway ____ building in Harbin in a few years.
A. will finish
B. is finished
C. will be finish
D. finished
( ) 33. Old people must _____.
A. be spoken to politely
B. speak to polite
C. be spoken politely
D. speak polite
( ) 34. _ What’s wrong with your leg
_ I _____ by a bike when crossing the road.
A. hurt
B. was hurt
C. am hurt
D. will hurt
( ) I have some good news to tell you.
You _____ as a volunteer for the meeting.
_ Really I can’t believe it.
( ) 36. _ The shirt looks different from others and it looks nice.
_ Thanks. It _____ by my mother last month.
A. made
B. is made
C. was made
D. makes
( ) 37. The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
A. to draw
B. to drawing
C. draw
D. drew
( ) 38. _ There is a lot of wind in North China.
_ Well, more trees ____ every year to stop the wind.A. must be planted B. can planted
C. should planted
D. should plant ( ) 38. A lot of meetings were ____ because of the dangerous disease.
A. turned off
B. set off
C. put off
D. taken off
( ) 39. _ Do you often clean your classroom
_ Yes, our classroom ____ every day.
A. clean
B. cleans
C. is cleaned
D. was cleaned ( ) 40. Don’t worry. You ____ plenty of time to decide.
A. will give
B. have given
C. will be given
D. are giving