中西方婚礼比较
中西方传统婚礼习俗中体现的文化差异
浅析中西方传统婚礼习俗中体现的文化差异摘要：中西方不同的文化背景决定了各自形式各异的习俗。
婚礼习俗，作为各国最具代表性的民俗之一，最能反映这种文化间的差异。
文章通过中西方婚礼文化的比较来体现其文化内涵的差异，并分析了产生这些差异的可能原因。
关键词：中西文化婚礼习俗差异对比原因婚姻是人类文明进步的标志。
随着历史的发展，人类对于文明的要求越来越高，自然对于婚嫁中的各项细节也越来越重视，并逐渐发展成为一种礼仪。
由于历史、宗教、地理、民主等诸多因素的影响，中西方不同地区形成了具有各自地方特色的婚礼习俗。
中国的传统婚礼是谨慎而严格的，西方基督教国家的婚礼是随意而轻松的。
这些在漫长历史发展中沉淀下来的传统习俗最能反映各地区文化间的差异。
本文通过研究这种差异来简单的分析这背后蕴含的文化内涵，从而促进两种文化的交流。
一、中西传统婚礼过程的差异作为世界上拥有最古老文明的国家之一，中国早在100万年前就已经有简单的嫁娶观和相应的习俗形成了；而西方国家，例如英国、美国、加拿大等各国的婚俗仅形成于千年甚至百年前，这种时间上的跨度决定了这一习俗的不同。
中国在两千多年的封建社会制度中形成了一套完整的婚嫁礼仪，尽管制度中不乏性别歧视又经历几多朝代变迁，人们仍然坚持对这一礼仪的尊崇。
西方基督教国家也因为对于信仰的坚守而一直沿用古老的婚礼习俗至今。
下面是对于中西方婚礼不同时间段的不同事项安排的对比。
1.婚礼前1）配偶的选择在选择配偶方面，中国传统婚礼中一个重要的观念就是“父母之命，媒妁之言”。
婚姻双方的当事人并没有选择配偶或拒绝配偶的权利，父母以及在婚姻中扮演重要角色的陌生人——媒人才是婚姻的真正主导者。
即使父母不在了，家中的长辈也会代替父母履行这一职责。
一个家庭选择另一个家庭的第一标准则是“门当户对”，也就是要有同样的社会地位或者同样的财富，其次才是对方的品貌和修养，可见婚姻是一项家庭事务而非个人的事情。
西方国家中，尽管也存在家族与家族之间因为利益的联姻，但结婚还是有着高度自由的。
从婚礼的风俗习惯看中西文化差异
从婚礼的风俗习惯看中西文化差异从婚礼的风俗习惯看中西文化差异由于地域和历史的不同,西方的文化背景和东方有着很大的差异，其表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在。
本文着重从中西婚礼文化差异就中西文化作一个比较，从而来加深对民族文化的了解。
结婚是人生的大事，传统婚礼却因国家的不同和文化的差异而不尽相同。
1.1 中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人的思维差异有关中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板。
所以在中国历史几千年的时间里，整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。
而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中进行的。
1.2 造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。
中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主。
所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。
中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
1.3 中西婚礼文化的具体差异。
1.3.1 中国传统婚礼在中国传统社会，婚礼大体上要经过和履行下列法定或约定的程序：第一步叫“纳彩”，俗称“说婚”，即先由媒人往女方家中称述男家求婚之意，询问待字之女的年岁和生肖，然后由男家请术士“合婚”，卜算生肖是否相合，婚姻是否吉利，双方同意了，男方就送一只雁给女方，作为“献纳彩择”之礼。
所以又叫“委禽”。
第二步叫“问名”，俗称“订婚”即双方正式交换庚帖，甚至详细到两到三代及主婚人的姓名、荣衔、里居等。
第三步叫“纳吉”，俗称“小聘”，既男家向宗庙问卜祖先，如果得到吉卜就往女方家，并致送订婚礼品，女方家也致答礼，婚约即告成立。
第四步叫“纳征”，俗称“聘礼”，即于迎娶前几日，男方将议定之聘金，并布帛、衣服、首饰、礼饼等物，如数以盛大仪仗送之女家。
第五步叫“亲迎”，俗称“择吉”即由男方家择定迎娶之吉日，并通知女方家。
第六步叫“亲迎”即在喜结良缘之日，新郎躬率鼓乐、仪仗、花轿，到女家以礼迎娶新娘，并一同归家。
中西婚礼差异 中英对照
双方家长坐在上堂,而新郎新娘在下堂成婚. 整个婚礼由司仪主持,在他的指挥下,新郎新 娘一拜天地,二拜高堂,夫妻对拜,然后送入洞 房. Both parents sat in the last, and the bride and groom married the next hall. The whole wedding presided over by MC, under his command, the bride and groom a BaiTianDe, thanks to a hall with high ceiling, couples to worship, and then into the bridal chamber.
western
banquet
首先,随着婚礼进行曲的节 奏,新娘挽她的父亲的手走 到新郎面前,由她的父亲将 她亲手交到新郎手中.牧师 会要求新郎新娘对对方作出 一辈子的承诺,这也是整个 婚礼的高潮
First, as the wedding march rhythm the bride pull her father‘s hands go before the groom by her father she personally delivered the hands of the groom. pastor will ask the bride and groom on the other side to make a lifetime commitment委托, this is the climax高潮 of the whole wedding.
在传统婚礼中,新娘一般穿着红色罗衣,头 戴凤冠,上面还有一块红色丝巾.而新郎就 穿着红色的长衫马褂,头戴红色大沿帽。 In the traditional wedding, the bride usually wear red Luo Yi, head Daifeng Guan, above there is a red scarf. While the groom wore a red gown jacket, wearing a red brimmed hat.
浅析中西方婚礼习俗的差异
浅析中西方婚礼习俗的差异作者：申丽晓来源：《读天下》2019年第05期摘要：中西方文化差异，这个我们都知道，从学习中可以学习到很多相关知识，生活、饮食、习俗等方面都存在着差异。
本文主要就中西方婚礼习俗的差异进行分析。
关键词：中西方婚礼;习俗;差异一、中西传统婚礼过程的差异婚礼习俗是一个国家民族文化的体现，中西文化的不同折射在婚姻生活中，造成了二者之间在婚礼习俗方面的差异。
（一）宗教不同在中国传统社会中举行婚礼会有一系列繁复的流程，有许多都体现了“天人合一”的宗教观念。
例如，在中国古代社会中，新人在结婚时所进行的拜天地习俗就很明确地体现了这一观念，从中表现了这对新人的结合得到天和地的祝福。
道教《易传》云，“乾道成男，坤道成女，乾知大始，坤作成物。
乾以易知，坤以简能……易简而天下之理得矣，天下之理得，而成位乎其中矣”，也就是说天如父地如母。
万物皆生于天地之间，人亦然。
《易传》又云，“有天地，然后有万物;有万物，然后有男女;有男女，然后有夫妇。
夫妇之道，不可以不久也，固受之以恒，恒者久也”，这就把男女两性放在了一个天地宇宙论的宗教图式里面，使男女两性具有了本原和神圣的意义，同时也使男女两性的结合具有了宗教的神圣性。
除此之外，在婚礼之前的准备中，媒人会把双方的八字进行计算，这样的方式也为中国传统婚礼带来了种种的神秘色彩，表达了新人双方对未来幸福生活的祈求，这是道家“宿命论”的集中反映。
在西方国家中，亚当、夏娃的婚姻传说是西方婚姻的源头。
西方婚姻的开始受到宗教教义的影响和支配，随着时代的发展，婚姻逐渐摆脱了宗教的支配，但是基督教的影响还是存在的。
（二）婚礼地点按照中国传统的婚俗，办婚礼的地点一定是在男方家，婚后女方要住在男方家以方便照顾丈夫与公婆。
这一点也反映出了中国女性在婚姻当中的附属地位。
在西方国家中，出于对基督教教义的尊崇，人们更希望他们的婚礼受到上帝的见证及祝福，教堂是最理想的婚礼地点。
也有人在婚姻注册处简单地完成婚礼，同样会受到神职人员的祝福。
关于中西方婚礼礼仪习俗
关于中西方婚礼礼仪习俗中外结婚习俗的区别1.中国结婚礼仪传统新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀象征蝴蝶双飞，痰盂，即子孙桶，是多子多福的意思，铜盆及鞋意为同携到老。
2.西方结婚礼仪在古代的西方社会，新娘还需准备一些“旧、新、借、蓝”的东西。
“旧”是指新娘头上的白纱必须是母亲用过的旧纱，表示不忘父母的养育之恩;“新”指新娘的白色礼服必须是新的，它是纯洁童贞的象征;“借”是指新娘手里拿的手帕必须是从女朋友那借来的，表示不忘朋友的友谊之情;“蓝”是指新娘身上披的缎带必须是蓝色的，表示新娘对爱情的忠贞之情。
中外结婚方式的区别旧时代中国结婚的繁文缛节众多，男女婚姻大事依父母之命，经媒妁之言，历三书六礼的程序。
旧时贫富悬殊，以上所述系富庶和中等人家。
至于贫穷人家则用硬纸板剪个双喜字，贴上金纸，墙上一挂，一对花烛，一顶蹩脚花轿，便拜堂成亲。
比如繁缛的拜堂仪式毕，由两个小儇捧龙凤花烛导行，新郎执彩球绸带引新娘进入洞房。
脚须踏在麻袋上行走，一般为5只，也有10只麻袋，走过一只，喜娘等又递传于前接铺于道，入洞房后，按男左女右坐床沿，称“坐床”，由一名福寿双全妇人用秤杆微叩一下新娘头部，而后挑去“盖头篷”，意示“称心如意”，谓“请方巾”。
在外国各国结婚方式也各有不同，一般大家了解较多的是英国的结婚方式，一旦双方确立了恋爱关系，男方要送给女方订婚戒指并举行仪式，这种习俗遍及整个英国。
结婚或定婚戒指是许多民族的传统习俗，英格兰人在教堂里举行婚礼仪式时，新郎给新娘戴戒指是不可缺少的一项重要内容，人们甚至认为不戴戒指的婚姻是无效的。
当神父询问一对新人是否愿意做对方的妻子或丈夫、能否相互尊重、白头偕老后，新郎给新娘的无名指上戴上一枚戒指，它象征着丈夫对妻子的纯真爱情，同时妻子也表示接受并忠实于这种爱情。
传统婚礼礼仪新娘出嫁时戴“红盖头”坐轿子，当然那是过去。
现在出嫁一般是坐小轿车，穿婚纱戴“面纱”。
“盖头”和“面纱”同是一个同意，是在显示和代表新娘青春、贞洁和尊贵。
中西婚礼礼仪服装的差异
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除中西婚礼礼仪服装的差异篇一：中西方婚礼文化差异中西方婚礼文化差异摘要：婚礼作为文化的一个有机组成部分，也是一个人一生中最为重要的仪式之一，它在中西方不同文化熏陶下也逐渐的呈现出了不同的婚俗习惯，因而这些差异也明显的体现着中西方文化的不同。
本文旨在对中西方婚礼的地点、着装、礼仪、婚宴的差异进行比较。
关键词：婚礼文化地点着装婚俗内涵婚礼，是一个温暖的词汇，它开启了情侣通往幸福婚姻的一扇门，执子之手与子偕老的佳话从此刻被书写。
伴随婚礼的是各样多彩的婚庆习俗，这是由于不同的文化背景造成的。
现在就让我们一起来探究一下中西方文化的差异。
（一）中西方婚礼地点差异作为人们一生最重要的日子之一，作为一对幸福恋人新的起点，中国人的婚礼是隆重热闹的。
古代的时候，人们会在自己家里或是酒楼里摆上酒席以宴请亲朋好友作为新人的见证。
在当代中国，新人一般会邀请亲朋好友去酒店或是宾馆。
会在酒店宾馆里将排场弄得很大，突显婚礼隆重、热闹的特点。
而在西方，人们的婚礼一般是在教堂或者是其他比较安静的地方举行，井井有条，不像中国婚礼般热闹。
西方的婚礼突出庄重和圣洁，追求浪漫与实在的结合。
（二）中西方婚礼着装差异中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘具着红色的礼服。
中国人的婚礼离不开红色，习惯以鲜艳的颜色来烘托气氛。
因此，历朝女式婚服颜色为大红色已成了定制，以示喜庆，衬托新人，预示未来生活蒸蒸日上，幸福美满。
新娘礼服为广袖对襟翟衣，头戴珠凤冠。
值得说明的是，翟衣上面的图案很有讲究。
对襟本身就有完整的对称感，且在中国文化里本身就代表合称、合美的意思，而上面密布的左右对称且成双成对的锦鸡图案，则象征着中国传统文化里夫妻生活的和美、和乐。
一般新娘在婚礼当天高挽发髻，区别于未婚女子。
而在婚礼当天，新娘子以红色头盖蒙面，象征着童贞、年轻、纯洁。
结婚后由新郎亲手揭开。
而西方的新娘则穿白色的礼服。
自罗马时代开始，白色象征欢庆。
1850年到1900年之间，白色亦是富贵的象征。
中西方婚俗差异--商务英语本科学位论文
中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题目：中西方婚俗差异姓名： 00000班级、学号： 0000000000系 (部) ：经济管理系专业：商务英语指导教师： 00000开题时间： 2009-04-10完成时间： 2009-11-082009 年11 月08 日目录课题中西方婚俗差异一、课题(论文)提纲二、内容摘要三、参考文献On Differences of Marriage CustomsBetween China and Western Countries00000000Abstract:There are many procedures in Chinese Marriage custom. The book Propriety and Ceremony,which records earliest wedding ceremony, says that marriage includes six etiquettes, namely, proposing, asking the name, asking for fortune, sending betrothal presents to the girl's family, discussing the date of marriage and meeting the bride. In western marriage, there are four procedures. They are proposal, changing surnames, choosing the day and holding the wedding. As the different religions, cultural origins, marriage concepts and geographies, there are many differences existing in the two kinds of Marriage customs. In Chinese Marriage custom, the matchmaker functions almost all the time and youths have no right to choose and women are not on an equal footing with men. By contrast, in western Marriage custom, the priest functions and the youths have legal right to choose whom they want to marry and men and women are equal. There also exist common things in the two sides. They have been maintained for thousands of years. But in recent years (especially after the founding of modern China), people havetended to discard some of the details and advocate simplified marriage procedures and wedding ceremonies.key words：Marriage custom; differences; reasonsIntroductionMarriage is formed in a long historical evolution of the marriage custom in a nation. It is the regularity of the activities that restrains people's awareness of marriage. Marriage custom’s binding does not depend on the law, and it can not rely on science tests neither, but on the force of habit, traditional culture and national psychology. During the development of human history, the institution of marriage and family system has experienced different processes of development. Human have experienced group marriage, the dual system of marriage and individual marriage system (monogamy). As a union of a man and a woman and a family formation stage, marriage includes not only marriage, but also the preparation phase for the marriage and the performance stage after the festivities. It runs through the whole process of life. These customs, as a national symbol and cultural development, plays a very important role in ethnic studies and the history of mankind.China is a country with an ancient civilization and a long history, and many customs. Among so many customs, there is a particular marriage custom. This custom goes through various and long stages of development from ancient simple wedding ceremony to later complex ceremony, from feudal marriage custom to the modern free marriage custom. During these courses, people’s ideas are progressing, though we can not say that their ideas are up to the top of mankind’s ideas in all over the world at all over the time because there are still backward ideas existing in many places, in many people’s mind and they maybe will still exist for a long time. However, they are up to the top of mankind’s ideas in a certain stage of the uninterrupted development of ideas.Greek civilization is the base of western culture. Britain plays an important role in western history and western culture, and of course marriage custom.Comparing with each other, they are different in many aspects such as in right aspect and in freedom aspect and there are many reasons that result in these differences such as cultural reason and geographical reason.1.Chinese Marriage CustomLike other folk, marriage custom has the same developmentand evolving process. In the early days of humanity, the human relationship in a very long period of time still carried the irregular relations like the animal world. There was no marriage at all, if suggest some, the only "arbitrary marriage."In China, marriage has gone through for a long time. As a most grand etiquette, it has always been a high degree of attention. To control the marriage, the family and the whole society, since the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, Chinese marriage should comply with six procedures, which is the so-called "six etiquettes." And Later in Tang and Ming Dynasty in China, marriage also complied with the "six etiquettes". As time goes by, although many wedding customs experienced various changes "Six etiquettes" as the basic pattern has not changed much. It is still essential and core in marriage custom.. Marriage has changed much today, but in many places, there still remains traditional marriage custom.In feudal society, a marriage would be decided not by the youths’ love, but by their parents' desires. Only after a matchmaker's introduction and when parents considered the two family conditions were similar and could be matched, would the marriage procedures went forward. Conditions that should betaken into consideration included wealth and social status. If a boy's family was well-off or an official family, his parents would never permit him to marry a girl from a poor family. Essential to the marriage process were the commonly recognized 'three Letters and six etiquettes'. The three letters were the betrothal letter, the gift letter with a gifts list and the wedding letter used on the day the bridegroom met his bride at her home.The book propriety and ceremony, which records earliest wedding ceremony, says that marriage, usually, involves six necessary procedures, namely, proposing, asking the name, asking for fortune, sending betrothal present to girl's family, discussing date of marriage and meeting the bride.1.1 ProposingProposing is the first etiquette in marriage and is the first meet between the members in the two families. Thus, it is very important. Using a common expression, it is making an offer of marriage to another family on behalf of the son or daughter.If the parents thought that the girl could be the daughter-in-law in old times, they would ask a matchmaker for sending the gifts and bring the son and the girl together. Ifthe girl’s parents also agreed on the marriage, they would accept the gifts. People usually used a wild goose when sending the gifts. Because the wild gooses could fly to the south or the north according to the seasons and they would never change it which implied the woman would be punctual and also because when the wild gooses flied they were in a row and when they stopped they were in a line which implied that woman should comply with the marriage rules and arrange in order that one should not breach it.1.2 Asking the NameIt aims to ask for girl’s name and pray.In ancient times the girl’s name would not be known by other people until the girl was in an age of marriage.First, one must have the matchmaker and inform of the man’s family through a card. And the man’s family would lastly receipt for postal remittance. Thus it can be seen that “asking the name” not only meant that the man’s family wanted to know the girl’s name, but also wrote down the woman’s birthday and Eight-characters (in four pairs denoting the time, date, month and year of a person’s birth, each pair consisting of one Heavenly Stem and one Earthly Branch, used in fortune-telling). If the birthday and Eight-characters were not harm the man, theman’s family would lastly receipt for postal remittance. Sometimes the woman’s parents also wrote down the official position of the woman’s great-grandpa, grandpa and father and the dowry that could be supplied. What’s interesting is that during this progress it was the matchmaker that functioned, not the man’s family or the woman’s family. Matchmaker was also important in the other procedures. In traditional Chinese marriage, people believed “behest of the parents and proposal of a matchmaker”. That’s why many marriages in the past were arranged by parents and matchmakers. Matchmaker’s proposal was the marriage’s valid basis in Tang dynasty.It has been simplified today. Many marriage does not nee this process.1.3 Asking for FortunedAfter asking the name, the bridegroom’s side had got the woman’s birthday and Eight-Characters and they went to consult a fortune-teller then which was called “asking for fortune”. It included two aspects of contents. One was consult the female virtues. Ancient people regarded female virtues as the most important one in the gospel of three obedience that were obedience to one’s father before marriage, to one’s husband after marriage, and to one’s son after one’s husband’s deathand four virtues that was morality, proper speech, modest manner, and diligent work for a woman according to Confucian ethics.Zhong lichun, Zhuge Liang’s wife (Zhuge Liang was a statesman and strategist in the period of the Three Kingdoms, now a symbol of wisdom in Chinese folklore) was famous for her ugliness, wisdom and high female virtues. A man in old times always had many wives. In order to solidifying and stead in the family, people paid much attention to female virtues. Hence there was the saw “Marry wife is marrying virtues and take a concubine is marrying appearance”.The other one was consult good or bad luck. If they were not fit for each other in Eight-Characters according to the birthday and what’s more, the woman would harm the man, the result was that this marriage would not be held and would be cancelled. If the result was fit for each other and moreover the woman would make the man prosperous, the man’s side would inform the woman’s side through the matchmaker and send the betrothal gifts and exchange cards. Thus the marriage was actually decided to be held.1.4 Sending Betrothal Presents to the Girl’s FamilyThe book propriety and ceremony wrote by the scholars inHan dynasty regards it as sending money. If there is no receipt of gifts, there is no marriage. Hence whether receipt the gifts or not is the implication of the agreement of the marriage by the woman’s side.The significance of it includes two aspects of meaning. One is the thanks for the woman’s parents because the parents feed up her. The other is help the woman’s family prepare for dowry.1.5 Discussing the Date of MarriageIn the past, the bridegroom’s side decided the lucky day and sent the matchmaker to inform of the woman’s family. People paid much attention to the marriage time. They usually had a person looked at the almanac or asked for fortune. They liked having marriage in spring or autumn because spring was the time that everything comes back to life and time when spring was changing into summer and was favor to pregnant with new life; autumn was the season of harvest. After the labor for a year, people had enough money to hold the marriage.Nowadays, it is also an important event. People pay many attentions to it.1.6 Meeting the BrideThe marriage is finally held after the five procedures. In the past, the bridegroom wore wedding suit, riding on a horse, and guided the bridal sedan chair to marry the bride on the day.And the bride wore a red cheongsam waiting for the bridegroom. Now, the bridegroom wares western suit, and the bride wares wedding dress and usually in a car.2. Western Marriage CustomIn the middle ages children were married at a young age. Girls were as young as 12 when they got married, and boys as young as 14. The arrangement of the marriage was based on monetary worth. The family of the girl who was to be married gave a dowry, or donation, to the boy she was to marry. The dowry went with her when the marriage was held and stayed with the boy forever after the marriage. After the marriage was arranged, a wedding notice was posted on the door of the church. The notice was put up to ensure that there were no grounds for prohibiting the marriage. The notice stated who was to be married, and if anyone knew any reasons that the two could not marry, they were to come forward with the reason. If the reason was a valid one the wedding would be prohibited.There are many reasons for prohibiting a marriage. One reason was consanguinity, if the two were too closely related. If the boy or the girl had taken a monastic or religious vow, the marriage was also prohibited. Sometimes widows or widowers took vows of celibacy on the death of their spouse, and laterregretted doing so when they could not remarry. Other reasons which also prohibited marriage, but were not grounds for a divorce, were rape, adultery, and incest. A couple could not be married during a time of fasting, such as lent or advent. Nor could a couple be married by someone who had killed someone.In the middle ages there were few reasons the wedding could be dissolved. One reason was if either the man or woman were not of legal age, 12 for girls and 14 for boys. If the husband or wife had previously made a religious or monastic vow or were not Christian, the marriage would be dissolved. The last reason a marriage could end was if the woman, not the man, was incapable of sexual relations.2.1 ProposalWhen the prospective groom had obtained his father’s consent to marry, a formal marriage proposal had to be made. The prospective groom did not propose in person but sent his friends or members of his family to represent his interest to the prospective bride and her family. If they saw a blind man, a monk or a pregnant woman during their journey, it was believed that the proposal would not be accepted as these signs were thought to bring bad luck. If, however, they saw nanny goats, pigeons or wolves, this was a good omen which would bring goodfortune to the marriage.During Medieval times in western countries, the man proposed by leaving a hawthorn branch at the door of his beloved on the first of May. By leaving the branch at the door she accepted his proposal. She made known her refusal by replacing the hawthorn branch with a cauliflower.2.2 Changing SurnamesIt was thought unlucky for a woman to marry a man whose surname began with the same letter as hers. The sentiment was summarized in the following thyme: To change the name and not the letter is to change for the worst and not the better. The bride should not practice writing her new name before the wedding. This was thought to bring bad luck by tempting fate.2.3 Choosing the DayAlthough most weddings now take place on a Saturday, it was considered unlucky in the past. Fridays were also considered unlucky particularly Friday the 13th. The famous old rhyme advised a wedding in the first half of the week:Monday for wealthTuesday for healthWednesday the best day of allThursday for lossesFriday for crosses (= funerals)Saturday for no luck at allAdvice on which month to marry in was given by the following rhyme:Married when the year is new, he'll love, kind and true. When February birds do mate, you neither wed nor dread your fate.If you wed when March winds blow, joy and sorrow both you'll know.Marry in April when you can, Joy for Maiden and for Man. Marry in the month of May, and you'll surely rue the day. Marry when June roses grow, over land and sea you'll go. Those who in July do wed, must labor for their daily bred. Whoever wed in August be, many a change is sure to see Marry in September's shrine, your living will be rich and fine. If in October you do marry, love will come but riches tarry. If you wed in bleak November, only joys will come, remember. When December snows fall fast, marry and true love will last. Marry in May and you'll live to rue the dayMay had been considered an unlucky month to marry in for a number of reasons. In Pagan times the Feast of the Dead and the festival of the goddess of chastity both occurred in May.The advice was taken more seriously in Victorian times than it is today. In most Churches the end of April was a busy time for weddings as coupes wanted to avoid being married in May. Queen Victoria was thought to have forbidden her children from marrying in May.June was considered to be a lucky month to marry in, because it was named after Juno, the Roman goddess of love and marriage.The summer as a whole was considered a good time to marry and this was partly to do with the sun's association with fertility. In Scotland one popular custom was for the bride to "walk with the sun" to bring her good. She would walk from east to west on the south side of the church and then continue walking around the church three times.2.4 Holding the WeddingThe wedding ceremony was finally held.The church ceremony in the middle ages took place outside the church door before entering the church for a nuptial mass. During the ceremony in front of the church doors the man stood on the right side and the woman stood on the left side, facing the door of the church. “The reason was that she was formed out of a rib in the left side of Adam.” The priest began by asking if anyone knew of any reason the couple should not be married. He also asked thisof the man and woman so they might confess any reasons for prohibiting their marriage.The ceremony proceeded with the priest saying, “N (amen) wilt though have this woman to thy wedded wife, wilt the love her, and honor her, keep her and guard her, in health and in sickness, as a husband should a wife, and forsaking all others on account of her, keep thee only unto her, so long as ye both shall live?” Then the priest, changing the wording of “as a husband should a wife”, asked the same of the woman. Both the man and the woman should answer by saying” I will.” At this time the woman was given by her father. The wedding continued with the saying of vows. Both the man and the woman, with the exception of the words wife and husband, said, “I N. take thee N. to my wedded wife, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness, and in health, till death do us part, if the holy church will ordain it. And thereto I plight thee my troth.” At this time the ring exchange occurred. They bowed their heads and the priest gave them a blessing. As husband and wife they entered the church, where they knelt before the altar. At the altar the priest gave a prayer and a blessing, thus ending the marriage ceremony.If the bridegroom and bride did not belong to England ofChurch, they must use the second marriage form, according to the law, that was go to the marriage registrant to hold a secular marriage ceremony.3. Differences between themIt is clear that Chinese marriage custom and western marriage custom differ from each other in many aspects. In Chinese marriage custom the matchmaker has many functions and youths have no right to choose and women are not on an equal footing with men. By contrast, in western marriage custom, the priest has functions and the youths, particular the man, have legal right to choose whom they wanted to marry and men and women are equal.3.1 Different Marriage MediaMatchmaker and priest are different. Matchmaker has many functions. Almost in every process in marriage in old times, the matchmaker would attend. First, it was the matchmaker that introduced a man to a woman or a woman to a man, most the former. If matchmaker did not introduce them to each other, they would not know about each other for ever. If some accident event happened, that is they knew each other not through the matchmaker, they would be called “committing adultery with each other “or “a thief if a man and a whore if a woman”.Second, the other procedures after introduction in marriage were also done by the matchmaker.There are three conditions in marriage in old China that were the matchmaker’s proposals, six gifts and meet, people kept honoring the ancestors as the center in these three conditions. The regulation of listening to matchmaker’s proposals was the rule that people must abide by. The reason was not only the function the matchmaker had in society, but also the meaning that the matchmaker had in later generation reproduction.In modern times, matchmaker still has some of above functions such as the function of introduction.Priest does not always function. It is his duty only when he hosts the wedding ceremony. It was not the priest who introduces the man to the woman or the woman to the man.In Christian’s opinions, wedding ceremony is considered as an important way to get god’s save and wedding ceremony is a very important part of marriage. Priest plays an essential role in it. And marriage is not valid, unless the ceremony is hosted by priest. There are three conditions in marriage too. First, there should be some correct things that is used when go to church; second, correct means to go to church especiallycorrect reading prayer book; third, correct motive to go to church which emphasizes action by church’s order. It can be seen that church is important in western people’s eyes, so the priest is necessary when holding a marriage. And marriage is tinged with mystery because of these conditions.3.2 Differences on freedomIn old China, people looked at the country and society as the standard, thus, “behest of parents” played an absolute important role in marriage. It was the principles of heaven and earth—right and proper when parents dealt with the son's or daughter's marriage only by their own opinions. Marriage in China was arranged by family. “Behest of parents and proposals of matchmaker” decided everything about marriage. Usually the husband and the wife did not meet each other before getting married. They did not know what their husband or wife liked. Even sometimes they did not know the names of each. If they did not agree the marriage, it was no use because the right of decision belonged to their parents. The marriage would still be held. The youths are not free when chose the lover in some places even today.Marriage marks the beginning of complete independence from the parents. According to the English law, no one was allowedto get married under the age of sixteen. Marriage between the age of sixteen and eighteen must have the parents’ consent. But when the girl was over eighteen, she was free to choose her love. Youths in Britain were relatively free. In Britain, church pointed out “agreement principle” which pointed out that the marriage was valid only when the two persons involved in marriage expressed freely and openly in front of at least two chief witness at wedding ceremony; the marriage was not valid when there existing misunderstanding or force in marriage. Under this “agreement principle”, the father should listen to the daughter’s suggestion, and the father should not force the daughter to marry with the man whom she did not want to marry. Thus, it can be seen from this point that, one’s willing was superior to anything.3.3 Differences on rightChinese men were hold up as “sky” and women were considered as “earth” in old times. Sky was superior to earth in old people’s eyes. And women must comply with three obedience and four virtues. But man could have a wife and many concubines. In north of China in some places, husband and wife are still unequal.The Bible says that husband should respect wife becauseboth of them are blessed by God. And it emphasizes that the relations between husband and wife should include duty.3.4 Different Purposes of MarriageThe main purpose of getting marriage in China is to continue the male offspring. The so-called “there are three forms of filial impiety, of which the most serious is to have no heir”reflects the importance to serve ancestors. And the filial piety is traditional virtues.In western countries, they are influenced deeply by religion, especially the Christianity. They think that it is the God who has created marriage. There are three purposes of the marriage created by God. First, the couple is lifelong companion with each other; they serve God together. Then get married, start career and produce an heir to carry on the pious descendants. The final purpose is carrying on the pious descendants to serve to God. So they do not stress the blood relationship. They can remedy the defect of non-child by adopting other children.4. Reasons for the Differences4.1 ReligionsAmong all the religion by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the most influential in the west. Everyphase of man’s life is touched by this religion, so much so that it has become part and parcel of western culture. British dominant religious belief is Christian faith; or rather the U.K. is a country of Christianity.Bishop ordered marriage law as the fourth chapter in 1234. After issuing the law, it was carried on under the strong church control. In 1917, the marriage law referred: wedding ceremony should be held by priest or at least two witness; the willing should be true and not be forced.Most Chinese people believes Buddhism which advocates “why and because relationship”. In this point of view, sky is the reason, and earth is the result; parents are the reason, and sons or daughters are the result; husband is the reason, and wife is the result.4.2 Cultural OriginsTraditional Chinese traditional marriage custom was characterized by a distinctive patriarchal clan system. “Three obedience and four virtues” decided that women should become an appendage to the men and be subordinated to the family interest. It was also characterized by strong feudal political color. Marriage sometimes was a kind of ways to ally in political. The policy of cementing friendly relations throughpolitical marriages was a typical example in history. The traditional marriage custom was influenced deeply by Confucianism.There sill exists differences between males and females in marriage custom today. This phenomenon is also caused by the traditional Chinese culture.Western marriage custom is influenced deeply by religion, however, which emphasizes both men and women are God’s sons and daughters, so they are equal unlike Chinese who pay more attentions to boys. Western people consider girls are also the fruit of love.4.3 Marriage ConceptsChinese people once thought that marriage was a kind of ways to increase families, offspring and protect and enhance family’s reputation and position. Marriage would add a girl of a clan other than one’s own, so marriage was looked as the important event of family but not one’s own event. The love between the man and the woman was not the first condition of marriage. Today the marriage concepts have not changed much especially in some backward places. The aim of getting marriage for them is till to increase families, offspring and protect and enhance family’s reputation and position.In western countries, marriage is the love’s home to return to. The aim of marriage is to make the woman and the man live together all the life. It is the personal affair. They have no duty to increase family, offspring and protect and enhance family’s reputation and position. The marriage just make them live together. Thus those westerners stress feeling not the family’s interest or reputation when they are choosing lover.4.4 GeographiesBritain is over one thousand kilometers from south to north. Its coastline runs about ten thousand kilometers, making it one of the countries with the longest coastlines in the world. In Britain no place is over one hundred and twenty kilometers from the sea. During the fight with the sea, British people feel the strong force of the nature that is difficult to control. Thus they believed God. They think God is omnipotent and they respect God very much.China’s geography is extremely varied and complex, including mountains, plateaus, plains, grasslands, basins, hills, islands, desert, glaciers, and frozen earth. Mountain areas cover about two-thirds of the total land area. This geography decides that Chinese people live mainly by farming and live in groups, and later formed the patriarchal clan system with rigidly stratified. This makes Chinese people respect the。
中西婚礼礼仪差异
配饰
中 式 凤冠霞帔是典型的中 国传统婚礼服饰。凤 冠是一种装饰有凤凰 形象的礼冠。
与凤冠配套的服饰是 霞帔。霞帔的原型就 是被子，它的形状就 像两条带子，
我国民间结婚时，新 娘子的头上要蒙一块 红布
西式 珠宝饰品
戒指
皇冠、项链 和耳环
图案
牡丹 龙凤
图案
中西婚宴各有千秋
王莲莲 2013213274
• “无宴不成婚、无酒不嫁女” • 喜宴、喝喜酒，是传统婚典的重要内容。 男方举办；婚宴菜肴（八、十、十二）； 座次有严格的规定；敬酒；婚宴结束后有 闹洞房的习俗。
• 明代许次纾《茶疏》中“茶不移本， • 植必子生。古人结婚必以茶为礼， • 取其不移植子之意也”
• • • • “三道茶”： 第一道茶是白果茶； 第二道茶是莲子、红枣茶； 第三道茶是清茶
• 与中式婚宴的冗长相比，西式婚宴多是自 助式，过程简单、省心，整个气氛既典雅 浪漫、轻松自在，在餐桌上摆放食物、红 酒、香槟、水果，切蛋糕。可加入的创意 元素比较多。
• 自助式婚宴的优点： • • • • 1、宾客可以尽情享受美食 2、可选择场所更多 3、气氛轻松愉快 4、需要保温，同时容易造成浪费
• 鲜明的宗法制特色
• 较强的政治文化色彩 • 深受儒家思想的影响
西方国家的婚俗
• 较深的宗教思想影响
• 强调男女平等
■不同的婚姻目的
• 在中国古代，人们认为婚姻是“合二姓之好,上以 事宗庙,而下以继后世也”
家族娶媳妇>个人娶媳妇
• 在西方,缔结婚姻的目的是为了让双方长相厮守,是 为了更好的生活在一起,是个人的私事
• 总的来说，随着中西方文化的交流，我们 也越来越多的接触到了西方文化，了解了 更多的中西文化差异的根源及其原因，可 以使我们更好的理解西方文化，促进文化 融合。
中西方婚俗文化比较研究
学位申请人（学位论文作者）签名：
蔓堡壁砬．
２０１中年ｆ月甲日
关于学位论文著作权使用授权书
本人经河南大学审核批准授予硕士学位。作为学位论文的作者，本人完全了解并同 意河南大学有关保留、使用学位论文的要求，即河南大学有权向国家图书馆、科研信息 机构、数据收集机构和本校图书馆等提供学位论文（纸质文本和电子文本）以供公众检 索、查阅。本人授权河南大学出于宣扬、展览学校学术发展和进行学术交流等目的，可 以采取影印、缩印、扫描和拷贝等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文（纸质文本和电子文本）。 （涉及保密内容的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 学位获得者（学位论文作者）签名：
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………一２９
附录………………………………………………………………………………………一３１ 致谢……………………………．…………………………………………………………．３５
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ一章绪论
第一章
绪论
一、
选题背景与研究意义
中国是一个拥有五千年历史的文明古国，是世界最古老的文明古国之一。自进入近 代社会以来，我国国门日益向世界敞开，西方文化逐渐传播开来，并对我国的影响日深， 特别是１９７８年改革开放以来，中国的经济、文化等已走向世界。随着社会经济的全球 化以及国与国之间的文化交流的日益频繁，中国逐渐被世界所了解，同时，我国的传统
ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………．．ＩＩＩ
目
录…………………………………………………………………………………………Ｖ 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………ｌ
第一章
中西方婚礼差异流程
VENICE
连结着总督府和旁边的地牢有一座非常有名的叹息桥.叹息桥是威尼 斯的必访景点之一。叹息桥造型属早期巴洛克式风格，桥呈房屋状， 上部穹隆覆盖，封闭得很严实，只有向运河一侧有两个小窗。叹息 桥是一座拱廊桥，架设在总督宫和监狱之间的小河上，享有盛誉。 它建于1600年（另一资料：1603年）。 因死囚被押赴刑场时经 过这里，常常会发出叹 息声而得名：当犯人在 总督府接受审判之后， 重罪犯被带到地牢中， 可能就此永别人世，过 去临刑死囚走向刑场时 必须经过这座密不透气 的桥，死囚们只能透过 小窗看看蓝天，想到家 人在桥下的船上等候诀 别，百感交集涌上心头， 不由自主地发出叹息之 声——再向前走便要告 别世间的一切了。
一般情况下，新郎新娘分别有伴郎 . 伴娘，花童若干，统称bridal party 婚礼完成后，新人及bradal party一干 人等前往外景地，公园 . 海边等特别 景点拍摄自然风格的婚礼图片，除传 统惯例要拍的合影镜头外，其余镜头 常常是即兴发挥.
在仪式结束时，一对新人率先退场，身后是戒童 和花童。姐妹团成员和伴郎团各成一队，两两一 对。伴娘要先走，走在伴郎的右手边。如果人数 不平均，一位伴郎要护送两名姐妹团成员离开； 多出来一个伴郎便单独走，两个便组成一对同时 行进。当队伍走到门口或仪式现场的后面时，指 定的伴郎要回到里面护送新人的母亲、祖母和一 些尊贵的客人退场。晚上，一对新人及 BRIDAI PARTY，双方父母聚于酒店，酒吧或餐厅甚至海 边开 PARTY ，程序为入场 —— 就坐 —— 伴郎致 辞——宴会——切蛋糕——新人跳第一支舞—— 舞会 + 自助餐 —— 新娘抛花球（新郎抛袜圈） — —吻别。
Wedding
婚礼？ 中式的？ 西式的？
你想要 什么样 的？