2021年6月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版
2021年6月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，请找具体选项内容，忽略套数。
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网络综合版：听力Conversation OneMan: (1) It's my last day at work tomorrow. I'll start my new job in 2 weeks. My human resources manager wants to conduct an interview with me before I leave.Woman: Ah, an exit interview. Are you looking forward to it?Man: I'm not sure how I feel about it. I resigned because I've been unhappy at that company for a long time, but I'm not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.Woman: To my way of thinking, there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing and agitated stream of truth during an exit interview. The first is release. Unburdening yourself of frustration, and perhaps even anger to someone who isn't a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully free. Man: Let me guess. The second is that the criticism will, theoretically, help the organization I'm leaving to improve, making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?Woman: That's right. But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn't happen. An exit interview is supposed to be private, but often isn't. In my company, the information gained from these interviews is often not confidential. (2) The information is used as dirt against another manager, or can be traded among senior managers.Man: Now you've got me rethinking what I'll disclose in the interview. (3) There is always a chance that it could affect my reputationand my ability to network in the industry. It is a pretty small industry after all.Woman: Anything you initially gained from the instant satisfaction of telling it like it is, you might lose down the track by injuring your future career prospects.Man: Right. (4) Perhaps I would be better getting things off my chest by going to one of those rate-your-employer websites.Woman: You could. And don't do the interview at all. Exit interviews are not mandatory.Q1: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?A) He will tell the management how he really feels.B)He will meet his new manager in two weeks.C) He is going to attend a job interview.D) He is going to leave his present job.Q2: What does the woman think of the information gained from an exit interview?A) It should be kept private.B) It should be carefully analyzed.C) It can be quite useful to senior managers.D)It can improve interviewees' job prospects.Q3: Why does the man want to rethink what he will say in the coming exit interview?A)It may leave a negative impression on the interviewer.B)It may adversely affect his future career prospects.C)It may displease his immediate superiors.D) It may do harm to his fellow employees.Q4: What does the man think he had better do?A)Prepare a comprehensive exit report.B)Do some practice for the exit interview.C)Network with his close friends to find a better employer.D)Pour out his frustrations on a rate-your-employer website.Conversation TwoMan: Today, I’m talking to the renowned botanist, Jane Foster.Woman: Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show, Henry.Man: Recently, Jane, you’ve become quite a celebrity,(5) since the release of your latest documentary. Can you tell us a little about it?Woman: Well, it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rain forest in equatorial areas of southeast Asia.Man: You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.Woman: It was far from glamorous, to be honest. The area we visited was accessible only by canoe and the living conditions in the hut were primitive to say the least. (6) There was no electricity. Our water supply was a nearby stream.Man: How were the weather conditions while you were there?Woman: The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable. At midday, we stayed in the hut and did nothing. (6) It was too humid to either work or sleep.Man: How long did your team spend in the jungle?Woman: Originally, we planned to be there for a month. But in the end, we stayed for only 2 weeks.Man: Why did you cut the expedition short?Woman: Halfway through the trip, (7) we received news that a hurricane was approaching. We had to evacuate on very short notice.Man: That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.Woman: It was frightening. The fastest evacuation route was through river Rapids. We had to navigate them carrying all of our equipment.Man: (8) So overall was the journey unsuccessful?Woman: (8) Absolutely not. We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.Man: Why do you put up with such adverse conditions?Woman: Botany is an obsession for me. Many of the destinations I visit have a stunning scenery. I get to meet a variety of people from all over the world. Man: So where will your next destination be?Woman: I haven't decided yet.Man: Then we can leave it for another vacation. Thanks.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5: What does the man want Jane Foster to talk about?A) Her unsuccessful journeyB)Her month-long expeditionC)Her latest documentaryD)Her career as a botanistQ6: Why does the woman describe her experience as far from glamorous?A)She had to live like a vegetarianB)She was caught in a hurricane.C) She had to endure many hardshipsD) She suffered from water shortageQ7: Why did the woman and those who went with her end their trip halfway?A)A hurricane was comingB)A flood was approachingC)They had no more food in the canoe.D) They could no longer bear the humidityQ8: What does the woman think of the journey?A) It was memorableB)It was unbearableC) It was uneventfulD)It was fruitfulPassage OneScientists often use specialized jargon terms while communicating with laymen. (9) Most of them don't realize the harmful effects of this practice. In a new study, people exposed to jargon when reading about subjects like autonomous vehicles and surgical robots. Later said they were less interesting in science than others who read about the same topics, but without the use of specialized terms. They also felt less informed about science and less qualified to discuss science topics. It's noteworthy that it made no difference if the jargon terms were defined in the text. Even when the terms were defined, readers still felt the same lack of engagement as readers who read jargon that wasn't explained.The problem is that the mere presence of jargon sends a discouraging message to readers. Hillary Schulman, the author of the study, asserts that specialized words are a signal. Jargon tells people that the message isn't for them. There's an even darker side to how people react to jargon. (10) In another study, researchers found that reading scientific articles containing jargon led people to doubt the actual science. They found the opposite, when a text is easier to read. Then. People are more persuaded. Thus, it's important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science subjects. This is especially true with issues related to public health, like the safety of new medications and the benefits of vaccines. （11）Schulman concedes that the use of jargon is appropriate with scientific audiences. But scientists who want to communicate with the general public need to modify their language. They need to eliminate jargon.Questions nine to eleven are based on the passage you have just heard.Q 9: What does the passage say about the use of jargon terms by experts?A) It diminishes laymen's interest in scienceB) It ensures the accuracy of their argumentsC) It makes their expressions more explicit.D) It hurts laymen's dignity and self-esteem.Q10: What do researchers find about people reading scientific articles containing jargon terms?A) They can learn to communicate with scientistsB)They tend to disbelieve the actual scienceC)They feel great respect towards scientistsD)They will see the complexity of scienceQ11: What does Schulman suggest scientists do when communicating with the general public?A) Find appropriate topicsB)Stimulate their interestC) Explain all the jargon termsD)Do away with jargon termsPassage TwoAt the beginning of the twentieth century, on the Gulf coast in the US state of Texas, there was a hill where gas leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire.(12) Patio Higgins, a disreputable local businessman, became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill. Oil wells weren't drilled back then. They wereessentially dug. (13) The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins’ workers to make a proper h ole. Higgins had forecast oil at 1000 feet, a totally made-up figure. Higgins subsequently hired a mining engineer, captain Anthony Lucas. (14) After encountering several setbacks, captain Lucas decided to use a drill, and his innovations created the modern oil drilling industry. In January 1901, at 1020 feet, almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins Wild Gas, the well-roared and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of the ground, terrifying those present. For the next nine days until the well was capped, the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.In those days, Texas was almost entirely rural, with no large cities and practically no industry. Cotton and beef were the foundation of the economy. (15) Higgins’well changed that. The boom made some prospectors millionaires, but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Taxes. In the 1930s, prices crashed to the point that in some parts of the country, oil was cheaper than water. That would become a familiar pattern of the boom or bust Texas economy.Q12: What did Texas businessmen Patio Higgins believe?A) The local gassy hill might start a huge fireB) There was oil leakage along the Gulf CoastC) The erupting gas might endanger local childrenD) There were oil deposits below a local gassy hillQ13: What prevented Higgins’ workers from digging a proper hole to get the oil?A) The massive gas undergroundB)Their lack of the needed skillC)The sand under the hillD)Their lack of suitable toolsQ14: What does the passage say about Captain Lucas' drilling method?A) It rendered many oil workers joblessB)It was not as effective as he claimedC) It gave birth to the oil drilling industryD)It was not popularized until years laterQ15: What do we learn about Texas's oil industry boom?A)It radically transformed the state's economyB) It resulted in an oil surplus all over the worldC) It totally destroyed the state's rural landscapeD)It ruined the state's cotton and beef industriesRecording OneMost people dislike their jobs. It's an astonishing but statistical fact, [16] a primary cause of employed dissatisfaction, according to fresh research, is that many believe they have terrible managers. Few describe their managers as malicious or manipulative, though, while those types certainly exist, they are minority. The majority of managers seemingly just don't know any better. They're often emulating bad managers they've had in the past, is likely they've never read a management book or attended a management course. They might not have even reflected on what good management looks like and how it would influence their own management style. The researchers interviewed employees about their managers. Beginning with a question about the worst manager they had ever had. From this, the researchers came up with four main causes of why some managers are perceived as being simply awful at their jobs.[17]The first cause was company culture, which was seen by employees as enabling poor management practices. It was specifically stressful work environments, minimal training, and a lack of accountability that were found to be the most blame worthy. Often a manager superiors can effectively encourage a manager's distasteful behavior when they fail to discipline the persons wrong doings. Such workplaces are sometimes described as toxic. Thesecond cause was attributed to the managers characteristics: those deemed to be most destructive were odd people, those without drive, those allow personal problems into the workplace, and those with an unpleasant temperament or personality in general. The third cause of poor management was associated with their deficiency of qualifications. Not so much the form of variety one obtains from a university. But the informal variety that comes from credible work experience and professional accomplishments. The fourth course concerned managers who've been promoted for reasons other than potential. One reason in particular why these people had been promoted was that they had been around the longest. It wasn't their skill set, or other merits that got them the job, it was their tenure.A point worth making is that the study [18] was based only on the perspective of an employee's. The researchers didn't ask senior leaders what they thought of their front-line managers. It's quite possible, their content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing. Merrily ignorant of the damage they're actually causing. Which might explain why, as the researchers conclude, those same middle managers are usually unaware that they are a bad manager.Question 16: What is a primary cause of employee dissatisfaction according to recent research?A)Unsuitable jobsB)Bad managersC) Insufficient motivationD)Tough regulationsQuestion17: What is one of the causes for poor management practices?A) Ineffective trainingB)Toxic company cultureC) Lack of regular evaluationD)Overburdening of managersQuestion 18: What do we learn about the study on job dissatisfaction?A) It collected feedback from both employers and employeesB)It was conducted from frontline managers' point of viewC)It provided meaningful clues to solving the problemD)It was based only on the perspective of employeesRecording TwoWith the use of driver-less vehicles seemingly inevitable, [19]mining companies in the vast Australian desert state of Western Australia are definitely taking the lead. Iron ore is a key ingredient in steel-making. The mining companies here produce almost 300 million tons of iron ore a year. Th e 240 giant autonomous trucks in use, in the Western Australian mines, can weigh 400 tons, fully loaded. And travel at speeds of up to sixty kilometers per hour. They are a technological leap, transporting iron ore along routes which run for hundreds of kilometers from mines to their destinations. Here when the truck arrives at its destination, staff in the operation center direct it precisely where to unload. Vast quantities of iron ore are then transported by autonomous trains to ocean ports. Advocates argue these automated vehicles will change mining forever. It may only be five years before the use of automation technology leads to a fully robotic mine. A range of factors has pushed Western Australia's desert region to the lead of this automation revolution. These include the huge size of the minds, the scale of equipment and the repetitive nature of some of the work. Then there's the area's remoteness, at 502,000 square kilometers. It can sometimes make recruiting staff a challenge. Another consideration is the risks when humans interact with large machinery. There are also the financial imperatives. The ongoing push by the mining corporations to be more productive and more efficient is another powerful driver in embracing automation technology. The concept ofa fully autonomous mind is a bit of a misleading term, however. This is because the more technology is put into the field, the more people are needed to deploy, maintain and improve it. [20] The automation and digitization of the industry is creating a need for different jobs. These include data scientists and engineers in automation and artificial intelligence. The mining companies claim automation and robotics present opportunities to make mining more sustainable and safer. Employees will be offered a career that is even more fulfilling and more rewarding. [21] Workers' union have accepted the inevitability of the introduction of new technology. But they still have reservations about the rise of automation technology. Their main concern is the potential impact on remote communities. As automation spreads further, the question is how these remote communities will survive when the old jobs are eliminated? And this may well prove to be the most significant impact of robotic technology in many places around the world.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard. Question 19: What does the passage say about the mining industry in Western Australia?A) It is seeing an automation revolutionB) It is bringing prosperity to the regionC)It is yielding an unprecedented profitD) It is expanding at an accelerating speedQuestion 20: What is the impact of the digitization of the mining industry?A) It exhausts resources soonerB)It creates a lot of new JobsC)It causes conflicts between employers and employeesD) It calls for the retraining of unskilled mining workersQuestion 21: What is the attitude of workers' union towards the introduction of new technology?A) They welcome it with open armsB)They will wait to see its effectC)They are strongly opposed to itD) They accept it with reservationsRecording 3According to official statistics, (22) Thailand’s annual road death rate is almost double the global average. Thai people know that their roads are dangerous, but they don’t know this could easily be changed. Globally, road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease. Researchers at the institute for health metrics and evaluation in America put the death toll in 2017 at 1.24 million. According to the institute, (23) the overall number of deaths has been more or less static since the turn of the century. But that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries. In many poor countries, road accidents are killing more people than ever before. Those countries have swelling, young populations are fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes and a limited supply of surgeons. It is impossible to know for sure, because official statistics are so inadequate. But deaths are thought to have risen by 40% since 1990 in many low income countries. In many rich countries, by contrast, roads are becoming even safer. In Estonia and Ireland, for example, the number of deaths has fallen by about two thirds since the late 1990s. (24)But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in middle income countries, which contain most of the world’s people.And have some of the most dangerous roads. According to researchers in China and South Africa, traffic deaths have been falling since 2000. and in India since 2012, and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago. The question is whether Thailand can soon follow suit. Rob Mckinney, head of the International Road Assessment Program, says that all countries tend to go through three phases. They begin with poor, slow roads. In the second phase, as they grow wealthier, they pave the roads, allowingtraffic to move faster and pushing up the death rate. Lastly, in the third phase, countries act to make their roads safer. The trick, then, is to reach the third stage sooner by focusing earlier and more closely on fatal accidents. How to do that?(25)The solution lies not just in better infrastructure, but in better social incentives. Safe driving habits are practices which people know they should follow that often don’t. Dangerous d riving is not a fixed cultural trait, as some imagine. People respond to incentives such as traffic laws that are actually enforced.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questions 22: What does the speaker say about traffic accidents in Thailand?A) Their cost to the nation’s economy is incalculable.B)They kill more people than any infectious disease.C) Their annual death rate is about twice that of the global average.D)They have experienced a gradual decline since the year of 2017.Question 23: What do we learn from an American institutes statistics regarding road deaths?A) They show a difference between rich and poor nations.B) They don’t reflect the changes in individual countries.C)They rise and fall from year to year.D) They are not as reliable as claimed.Question 24: What is said about middle income countries?A)Many of them have increasing numbers of cars on the road.B)Many of them are following the example set by Thailand.C) Many of them have seen a decline in road-death rates.D) Many of them are investing heavily in infrastructure.Question 25: What else could be done to reduce fatal road accidents in addition to safer roads?A) Foster better driving behavior.B)Provide better training for drivers.C)Abolish all outdated traffic rules.D) Impose heavier penalties on speeding.第一套答案1.A) He is going to leave his present job.2.B, It should be kept private.3.C) It may adversely affect his future career prospects.4.A)Pour out his frustrations on a rate-your-employer websites.5.B) Her latest documentary.6.D) She had to endure many hardships.7.D) A hurricane was coming.8.C) It was fruitful9.B) It diminishes laymen's interest in science.10.C) They tend to disbelieve the actual science.11.B) Do away with jargon terms.12.A) There were oil deposits below a local gassyhiU.13.D) The sand under the hill14.C) It gave birth to the oil drilling industry.15.D) It radically transformed the state's economy.16.D) Bad managers.一17.B) Toxic company culture.18.A) It was based only on the perspective of employees.19.D) It is seeing an automation revolution20.A) It creates a lot of new job.21.C) They accept it with reservation.22.B). Their annual death rate is about twice that of the global average.23.C). They don' t reflect the changes in individual countries.24.B). Many of them have seen a decline in road-death rates.25.A). Foster better driving behavior.仔细阅读1-题源Passage OneWe often think of drawing as something that takes innate talent, but this kind of thinking stems from our misclassification of drawing as, primarily, an art form rather than a tool for learning.Researchers, teachers, and artists are starting to see how drawing can positively impact a wide variety of skills and disciplines.Drawing is not an innate gift; rather, it can be taught and developed. Doing so helps people to perceive the world more accurately, remember facts better, and understand their world from a new perspective.Most of us have spent some time drawing before, at the very least because of compulsory art classes. It's also likely that you've scribbled curlicues in the margins of your notes during some particularly boring lecture about how the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell or how to graph linear equations. But at some point, most of us stop drawing. There are people who don't, obviously, and thank god for that: a world without designers and artists would be a very shabby one indeed. But the vast majority of adults quit doodling when they quit having to take notes, and the closest they get to making something visually creative is applying a wacky font in a PowerPoint presentation.But some argue that so many adults have abandoned drawing is because we've miscategorized it and given it a very narrow definition. In his book, Stick Figures: Drawing as a Human Practice, Professor D.B. Dowd argues that "We have misfiled the significance of drawing because we see it as a professional skill instead of a personal capacity. This essential confusion has stunted our understanding of drawing and kept it from being seen as a tool for learning above all else."Dowd argues that we mistakenly think of "good" drawings as those which work as recreations of the real world, as realistic illusions. Rather, drawing should be recategorized as a symbolic tool. In an interview with Print Magazine, Dowd said:“Drawing is an ancient human activity, practiced by all persons. How do I get to the airport? Pretend your phone is dead, so forget GPS. Anyone trying to answer that question is likely to say, "Here, let me show you…" and grab a pencil and an envelope to scribble on. That's drawing! We use it all the time. Explain the rules of hockey. Describe geology. Help me understand "The Mason-Dixo n Line." These things have to be manifested visually.”Human beings have been drawing for 73,000 years. It's an inextricable part of what it means to be human. We don't have the strength of chimpanzees because we've given up brute strength to manipulate subtle instruments, like hammers, spears, and —later —pens and pencils. The human hand is an extremely dense network of nerve endings; the somatosensory homunculus (a sculpture of a human being where the body proportions correspond to how sensitive the associated nerve networks are) demonstrates this well. In many ways, human beings are built to draw.In fact, doodling has been shown to affect how the brain runs and processes information in a significant way. Some researchers argue that doodling activates the brain's so-called default circuit — essentially, the areas of the brain responsible for maintaining a baseline level of activity in the absence of other stimuli. Because of this, some believe that doodling during a boring lecture can help students pay attention.Evidence has shown that doodling does actually improve memory. In one study, participants were asked to listen to a list of names while either doodling or sitting still. Those who doodled remembered 29 percent more of the names than those who did not.It's not just absent-minded, abstract doodling that helps the brain either; drawing concepts and physical objects forces your brain to engage with asubject in new and different ways, enhancing your understanding. For example, some researchers tested study participants' ability to recall a list of words based on whether they had copied the word by hand or drawn the concept —like writing the word "apple" versus drawing one. The drawers often were able to recall twice as many words.There's also evidence that drawing talent is based on how accurately someone perceives the world. The human visual system tends to misjudge size, shape, color, and angles but artists perceive these qualities more accurately than non-artists. Cultivating drawing talent can become an essential tool to improve people's observational skills in fields where the visual is important. In biology, for example, describing and categorizing the shape and form of living things is critical. Prior to the invention of the photograph, biologists were trained draftsmen; they had to be in order to show the world the details of a new species. Now, some biology professors are reintroducing physical drawing in their biology courses. The reasoning is that actively deciding to draw helps people see the world better.Rather than think of drawing as a talent that some creative people are gifted in, we should consider it as a tool for seeing and understanding the world better —one that just so happens to double as an art form. Both absent-minded doodling and copying from life have been shown to positively affect your memory and visual perception, so raise hell the next time your school board slashes the art department's budget.46.What do people generally think about drawing?A) It is a gift creative people are endowed with.B) It is a skill that is acquired with practiceC) It is an art form that is appreciated by all.。
2021年6月英语六级真题及答案解析第一套全
Part I 2021 � 6 JJ *�#f itf:T\��ist:J U!< �).Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment on China's achievements in urbanization. You should write at least 150 words but no more than200 words.Degree of urbanization in China from 1980 to 201970%60%.J50%'a140%J 30%10% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Part n: Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best (Jnswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) He is going to leave his present job.B)He is going to attend a job interview.C)He will meet his new manager in two weeks.D)He will tell the management how he really feels.2.A) It should be carefully analyzed.C)It can be quite useful to senior managers.B)It should be kept private.D)It can improve interviewees' job prospects.3.A) It may do harm to his fellow employees.B)It may displease his immediate .superiors.C)It may adversely affect his future career prospects.D)It may leave a negative impression on the interviewer./\� 2021 � 6 A 14.A) Pour out his frustrations on a rate-your-employer website.B)Network with his close friends to find a better employer.C)Do some practice for the exit interview.D)Prepare a comprehensive exit report.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Her career as a botanist.C)Her month-long expedition.B)Her latest documentary.D)Her unsuccessful journey.6.A) She was caught in a hurricane.C)She suffered from water shortage.B)She had to live like a vegetarian.D)She had to endure many hardships.7.A) They could no longer bear the humidity.C)A flood was approaching.B)They had no more food in the canoe.D)A hurricane was coming.8.A) It was memorable.C)It was fruitful.B)It was unbearable.D)It was uneventful.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage , you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It ensures the accuracy of their arguments.C)It hurts laymen's dignity and self-esteem.B)It diminishes laymen's interest in science.D)It makes their expressions more explicit.10.A) They will see the complexity of science.C)They tend to disbelieve the actual science.B)They feel great respect towards scientists.D)They can learn to communicate with scientists.11. A) Explain all the jargon terms.C)Find appropriate topics.B)Do away with jargon terms.D)Stimulate their interest.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) There were oil deposits below a local gassy hill.B)The erupting gas might endanger local children.C) There was oiHeakage-along the Gulf Coast.D)The local gassy hill might start a huge fire.13.A) The massive gas underground.B)Their lack of the needed skill.14.A) It was not as effective as he claimed.B)It rendered many oil workers jobless.15.A) It ruined the state's cotton and beef industries.B)It totally destroyed the state's rural landscape. Section C C)Their lack of suitable tools.D)The sand under the hill.C)It gave birth to the oil drilling industry.D)It was not popularized until years later.C)It resulted in an oil surplus all over the world.D)It radically transformed the state's economy.Directions: In this section ,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once .After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) Insufficient motivation.C)Unsuitable jobs.B)Tough regulations.D)Bad managers.17.A) Ineffective training.C)Overburdening of managers.B)Toxic company culture.D)Lack of regular evaluation./'\� 2021 6 J:J 218.A) It was based only on the perspective of employees.B)It provided meaningful clues to solving the problem.C)It was conducted from frontline managers' point of view.D)It collected feedback from both employers and employees.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) It is expanding at an accelerating speed.C)It is yielding an unprecedented profit.B)It is bringing prosperity to the region.D)It is seeing an automation revolution.20.A) It creates a lot of new jobs.B)It exhausts res<;mrces sooner.C)It causes conflicts between employers and employees.D)It calls for the retraining of unskilled mining workers.21.A) They will wait to see its effect.C)They accept it with reservations.B)They welcome it with open arms.D)They are strongly opposed to it.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) They have experienced a gradual decline since the year of 2017.B)Their annual death rate is about twice that of the global average.C)They kill more people than any infectious disease.D)Their cost to the nation's economy is incalculable.23.A) They are not as reliable as claimed.B)They rise and fall from year to year.C)They don't reflect the changes in individual countries.D)They show a difference between rich and poor nations.24.A) Many of them are investing heavily in infrastructure.B)Many of them have seen a decline in road-death rates.C)Many of them are following the example set by Thailand.D)Many of them have increasing numbers of cars on the road.25.A) Foster better driving behavior.C)Provide better training for drivers.B)Abolish all outdated traffic rules.D)Impose heavier penalties on speeding.Part JI[Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .A new study has drawn a bleak picture of cultural inclusiveness reflected in the children's literature available in Australia. Dr. Helen Adam from Edith Cowan University's School of Education 26 the cultural diversity of children's books. She examined the books 27 in the kindergarten rooms of four day-'care centers in Western Australia. Just 18 percent of 2,413 books in the total collection contained any28 of non�white people. Minority cultures were often featured in stereotypical or tokenistic ways, for example, by 29 Asian culture with chopsticks and traditional dress. Characters that did represent a minority culture usually had 30 roles in the books. The main characters were mostly Caucasian. This causes concern as it can lead to an impression that whiteness is of greater value.Dr. Adam said children formed impressions about 'difference' and identity from a very young age. Evidence has shown they develop own-race .31 from as young as three months of age. The books we/\f& 2021 6 Jj 3share with young children can be a valuable opportunity to develop children's understanding of themselves and others. Books can also allow children to see diversity. They discover both similarities and differences between themselves and others. This can help develop understanding, acceptance and� of diversity.Census data has shown Australians come from more than 200 countries. They speak over 300 languages at home. Additionally, Australians belong to more than 100 different religious groups. They also work in more than 1, OOO different occupations. "Australia is a multicultural society. The current --1!_ promotion of white middle-class ideas and lifestyles risks _li__ children from minority groups. This can give white middle-class children a sense of 35 or privilege," Dr. Adam said.A)alienatingB)appreciationC)biasD)fraudE)housed Section BF)investigatedG)overwhelmingH)portrayingI)representation·J) safeguardedK)' secondaryL)superiorityM)temperamentN)tentative0)thresholdDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter . Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Marconi Gave Us the Wireless WorldA)A hundred years before iconic figures like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs permeated our lives, an IrishItalian inventor laid the foundation of the communication explosion of the 21st century. Guglielmo Marconi was arguably the first truly global figure in modern communication. Not only was he the first to communicate globally, he was the first to think globally about communication. Marconi may not have been the greatest inventor of his time, but more than anyone else, he brought about a fundamental shift in the way we communicate.B)Today's globally networked media and conimunication system has its origins in the 19th century, when,for the first time, messages were sent electronically across great distances. The telegraph, the -telephone, and radio were the obvious predecessors of the-Internet, -iPotls, and-mobile phones. What made the link from then to now was the development of wireless communication. Marconi was the first to develop and perfect this system, using the recently-discovered "air waves" that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.C)Between 1896, when he applied for his first patent in England at the age of 22, and his death in Italyin 1937, Marconi was at the center of every major innovation in electronic communication. He was also a skilled and sophisticated organizer, an entrepreneurial innovator, who mastered the use of corporate strategy, media relations, government lobbying, international diplomacy, patents, and prosecution. Marconi was really interested in only one thing: the extension of mobile, personal, longdistance communication to the ends of the earth ( a nd beyond, if we can believe some reports) . Some like to refer to him as a genius, but if there was any genius to Marconi it was this vision.D)In 1901 he succeeded in signaling across the Atlantic, from the west coast of England to Newfoundlandin the USA, despite the claims of science that it could not be done. In 1924 he convinced the British government to encircle the world with a chain of wireless stations using the latest technology that he had devised, shortwave radio. There are some who say Marconi lost his edge when commercial broadcasting came along; he didn't see that radio could or should be used to frivolous (::JGJMJ(ID) ends.In one of his last public speeches, a radio broadcast to the United States in March 1937, he deplored that broadcasting had become a one-way means of communication and foresaw it moving in another'*� 2021 � 6 J=1 4direction, toward communication as a means of exchange. That was visionary genius.E)Marconi's career was devoted to making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently,smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user-userfriendly, if you will. There is a direct connection from Marconi to today's social media, search engines, and program streaming that can best be summed up by an admittedly provocative exclamation: the 20th century did not exist. In a sense, Marconi's vision jumped from his time to our own.F)Marconi invented the idea of global communication-or, more straightforwardly, globally networked,mobile, wireless communication. Initially, this was wireless Morse code telegraphy ( It �fiBm. i-tU , the principal communication technology of his day. Marconi was the first to develop a practical method for wireless telegraphy using radio waves. He borrowed technical details from many sources, but what set him apart was a self-confident vision of the power of communication technology on the one hand, and, on the other, of the steps that needed to be taken to consolidate his own position as a player in that field. Tracing Marconi's lifeline leads us into the story of modern communication itself. There were other important figures, but Marconi towered over them all in reach, power, and influence, as well as in the grip he had on the popular imagination of his time. Marconi was quite simply the central figure in the emergence of a modern understanding of communication.G)In his lifetime, Marconi foresaw the development of television and the fax machine, GPS, radar, andthe portable hand-held telephone. Two months before he died, newspapers were reporting that he was working on a "death ray," and that he had "killed a rat with an intricate device at a distance of three feet." By then, anything Marconi said or did was newsworthy. Stock prices rose or sank according to his pronouncements. If Marconi said he thought it might rain, there was likely to be a run on umbrellas.H)Marconi's biography is also a story about choices and the motivations behind them. At one level,Marconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class. On another scale, he was a perpetual outsider. Wherever he went, he was never "of" the group; he. was always the "other," considered foreign in Britain, British in Italy, and "not American" in the United States. At the same time, he also suffered tremendously from a need for acceptance that drove, and sometimes stained, every one of his relationships.I)Marconi placed a permanent stamp on the way we live. He was the first person to imagine a practicalapplication for the wireless spectrum, and to develop it successfully into a global communication system-in both terms of the word; that is, worldwide and all-inclusive. He was able to do this because of a combination of factors-most important, timing and opportunity-but the single-mindedness and determination with which he carried out his self-imposed mission was fundamentally character-based;millions of Marconi's contemporaries had the same class, gender, race, and colonial privilege as he, but only a handful did anything with it. Marconi needed to achieve the goal that was set in his mind as an adolescent; by the time he reached adulthood, he understood, intuitively, that in order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power.Disciplined, uncritical loyalty to political power became his compass.for the choices he had to make. J)At the same time, Marconi was uncompromisingly independent intellectually. Shortly after Marconi's death, the nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi-soon to be the developer of the Manhattan Project-wrote that Marconi proved that theory and experimentation were complementary features of progress."Experience can rarely, unless guided by a theoretical concept, arrive at results of any great significance ... o n the other hand, an excessive ·trust in theoretical conviction would have prevented Marconi from persisting in experiments which were destined t0 bring about a revolution in the technique of radio-communications." In other words, Marconi had the advantage of not being burdened by preconceived assumptions./\� 2021 6 Jl 5K)The most controversial aspect of Marconi's life-and the reason why there has been no satisfying biography of Marconi until now-was his uncritical embrace of Benito Mussolini. At first this was not problematic for him. But as the regressive ( fftliJH1g) nature of Mussolini's ·regime became clear, he began to suffer a crisis of conscience. However, after a lifetime of moving within the circles of power, he was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully ( as president of Italy's national research council and royal academy, as well as a member of the Fascist Grand Council) until the day he died-conveniently-in 1937, shortly before he would have had to take a stand in the conflict that consumed a world that he had, in part, created.36.Marconi was central to our present-day understanding of communication.37.As an adult, Marconi had an intuition that he had to be loyal to politicians in order to be influential.38.Marconi disapproved of the use of wireless communication for commercial broadcasting.39.Marconi's example demonstrates that theoretical concepts and experiments complement each other inmaking progress in science and technology.40.Marconi's real interest lay in the development of worldwide wireless communication:41.Marconi spent his whole life making wireless communication simple to use.42.Because of his long-time connection with people in power, Marconi was unable to cut himself off fromthe fascist regime in Italy.43.In his later years, Marconi exerted a tremendous influence on all aspects of people's life.44.What connected the 19th century and our present time was the development of wirelesscommunication.45.Despite his autonomy, Marconi felt alienated and suffered from a lack of acceptance.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture moulds us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: personalities are hard-wired into our genes' what can governments do to help us? It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.This is down to" h ereditarian" CilH�itag) science and a recent paper claimed "differences in exam performance between pupils attending selective and non-selective schools mirror the genetic differences between them". With such an assertion, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd claims about "genetics determining academic success". What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of selective schools largely disappear once pupils' inborn ability and socioeconomic background were taken into account. It is a glimpse of the blindingly obvious-and there's nothing to back strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.Yet the paper does say children are "unintentionally genetically selected" by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual's aptness to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics are used to create an intimidatory atmosphere of scientific certainty.While there's an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially*� 2021 6 J=i 6defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts. of advocacy.Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, "the ultimate collective control of human destinies," as writer H. G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science; allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more sceptical eye on the science. As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.46.What did a recent research paper claim?A)The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future.B)Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed.C)The advantages of selective schools are too obvious to ignore.D)Students' academic performance is determined by their genes.4 7. What does the author think of the recent research?A)Its result was questionable.C) Its influence was rather negligible.B)Its implication was positive.D)Its conclusions were enlightening.48.What does the author say about the relationship between DNA and intelligence?A)It is one of scientific certainty.C)It is subject to interpretation of statistics.B)It is not one of cause and effect.D)It is not fully examined by gene scientists.49.What do hereditarians need to do to make their claims convincing?A)Take all relevant factors into account in interpreting their data.B)Conduct their research using more sophisticated technology.C)Gather gene data from people of all social classes.D)Cooperate with social scientists in their research.50.What does the author warn against in the passage?A)Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world.B)Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research.C)Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research.D)Promoting discrimination in the name of science.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to SS are based on the following passage.Nicola Sturgeon's speech last Tuesday setting out the Scottish government's legislative programme for the year ahead confirmed what was already pretty clear. Scottish councils are set to be the first in the UK with the power to levy charges on visitors, with Edinburgh likely to lead the way.Tourist taxes are not new. The Himayalan kingdom of Bhutan has a longstanding policy of charging visitors a daily fee. France's tax on overnight stays was introduced to assist thermal spa (t'lffi.jj l) towns to develop, and around half of French local authorities use it today.But such levies are on the rise. Moves by Barcelona and Venice to deal with the phenomenon of "over-tourism" through the use of charges have recently gained prominence. Japan and Greece are among the countries to have recently introduced tourist taxes.That the UK lags behind �s due to our weak, by international standards, local government, as well as the opposition to taxes and regulation of our aggressively pro-market ruling party. Some UK cities have lobbied without success for the power to levy a charge on visitors. Such levies are no universal remedy as the amounts raised would be tiny compared with what has been taken away by central government since*� 2021 6 }3 72010. Still, it is to be hoped that the Scottish government's bold move will prompt others to act. There isno reason why visitors to the UK, or domestic tourists on holiday in hotspots such as Cornwall, should be exempt from taxation-particularly when vital local services including waste collection, park maintenance and arts and culture spending are under unprecedented strain.On the contrary, compelling tourists to make a financial contribution to the places they visit beyond their personal consumption should be part of a wider cultural shift. Westerners with disposable incomes have often behaved as if they have a right to go wherever they choose with little regard for the consequences. Just as the environmental harm caused by aviation and other transport must come under far greater scrutiny, the social cost of tourism must also be confronted. This includes the impact of short-term lets on housing costs and quality of life for residents. Several European capitals, including Paris and Berlin, are leading a campaign for tougher regulation by the European Union. It also includes the impact of overcrowding, litter and the kinds of behaviour associated with noisy parties.There is no "one size fits all" solution to this problem. The existence of new revenue streams for some but not all councils is complicated, and businesses are often opposed, fearing higher costs will make them uncompetitive. But those places that want them must be given the chance to make tourist taxes work.51.What do we learn from Nicola Sturgeon's speech?A)The UK is set to adjust its policy on taxation.B)Tourists will have to pay a tax to visit Scotland.C)The UK will take new measures to boost tourism.D)Edinburgh contributes most to Scotland's tourism.52.How come the UK has been slow in imposing the tourist tax?A)Its government wants to attract more tourists.B)The tax is unlikely to add much to its revenue.C)Its ruling party is opposed to taxes and regulation.D)It takes time for local governments to reach consensus.53.Both international and domestic visitors in the UK should pay tourist tax so as to ___ _A)elevate its tourism to international standardsB)improve the welfare of its maintenance workersC)promote its cultural exchange with other nationsD)ease its financial burden of providing local services54, What does the author sa-y about Western tourists?A)They don't seem to care about the social cost of tourism.B)They don't seem to mind paying for additional services.C) They deem travel an important part of their life.D) They subject the effects of tourism to scrutiny.55.What are UK people's opinions about the levy of tourist tax?A)Supportive.B)Skeptical.C)Divided. Part N Translation ( 30 minutes) D)Unclear.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2 .--�«�����*�•-*•'�&�*�·--��filo··· ,m JE,���¥-r ,ffl.*�1Ji' ,m7.J<Ylti'ft L*�?tmiX1UL:P..�&ffflS��vlc� 131c?fr�:fll!��EJr, ffif Wftff 1g * ��Im*:m��Jt@Jf!Jff!. ,4ff&ffflS�s! T*:ffl:*1Hhf�om *1988 &f �i/�" LlHtE , �� �, �fij} _�!L � �ii* r:.ill(lS i�L��, � * �ltfE-� 1i#JH:HJHf fiL :(£ * �����mA��*h���,--���*�•*�§wffi����o/\� 2021 6 fj 8。
2021年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案 第1套 仔细阅读2篇_1
2021年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent's most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhousesat the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency."Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they've bred. In 2021, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe's other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France's Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first. B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil to combat the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanishrice.C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in thepresent moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightensthe pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D) They can have a better understanding of the world.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A) They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C) They have a better view of what are on display.D) They follow the historical events more easily.55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) It is better to make plans before taking photos.B) Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C) Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.Passage one46.C47.D48.C49.B50.A Passage two51.A52.D53.C54.B55.D。
2021年6月六级考试真题第一套答案
2021年6月六级考试真题第一套答案
1、钱塘江大潮景象（D）。
这座桥不但（A），而且（C）。
我们要（A）地掌握所学的知识。
这件衣服既（C）又大方。
A、坚固。
B、牢固。
C、美观。
D、壮观。
2、他热衷于收藏（A）的字画。
这些（B）的参考资料对我们的研究有极大的帮助。
这款首饰价钱（A），不是普通人买得起的。
赵州桥体现了劳动人民的智慧和才干，是我国（D）宝贵的历史文化遗产。
A、昂贵。
B、珍贵。
C、宝贵。
D、名贵。
3、赵州桥这种设计在建桥史上是一个伟大的（A）中国人民用自己的双手和智慧（B）了辉煌的历史。
只有掌握记忆方法，不断巩固复习，知识才能掌握得（C）。
这个建筑物特别（B），经历了上千年的风风雨雨，仍然完好无损。
A、顽固。
B、坚固。
C、牢固。
2021年6月大学英语六级考试真题 (第2套)答案解析
2021 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第2 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the chart below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment onChina’s achievements in higher education. You should write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words.【参考范文】As is clearly illustrated in the bar chart, the gross enrollment ratio in higher education in China has increased dramatically from 3.4% in 1990 to 51.6% in 2019. Apparently, the figures reveal that great achievements have been made in China’s higher education during the past three decades.I can think of no better reasons than the following ones to explain this social phenomenon. First and foremost, the government has implemented a package of policies and raised plenty of funds to make higher education more accessible to students, including those from families in poverty. In addition, the progress is bound up with technological advancement and economic growth. For instance, online courses have enabled students nationwide to enjoy instructive lectures given by prestigious professors. At the same time, both citizens and the whole society are the beneficiaries of the accomplishments in higher education. To be specific, receiving higher education can improve individuals’ competitive edge and contribute to the sustainable development of the whole society.In conclusion, this chart is a perfect index of the remarkable achievements made in China’s higher education. Meanwhile, it is reasonable for us to believe that such a tendency will continue in the forthcoming years and definitely contribute to our country’s prosperity in the long run.【解析】本篇属于图表作文。
大学英语六级历年真题2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案
大学英语六级历年真题2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案第一篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开资产投资的钥匙。
”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。
显而易见，本题理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思(课程) 文学创作反复考察过的话题。
写作思路解析1、本题首段应该通过理论知识与实践技能之间的亲密关系引出主题；2、第二段可以进行举例论证，列举自己参加全职打工、志愿者活动等亲身经验证明实践技能的重要性；3、尾段可以进行归纳结论中后或提出建议措施：一方面我们应该努力积累理论知识，另一方面我们应该积极培养自己的实践技能。
参考范文：Would you want a doctor to operate on you who has only learned about operations from a textbook? The answer to thisis obviously a resounding “No!” Knowledge gained from b ooks must always be complemented by knowledge gained from actual experience, to be of real value.For me actually practicing a particular action or experiment myself and experiencing the result, leaves a much deeper and lasting impression than what I get from simply reading or listening. If I read about how to write an essay or listened to someone talk about writing an essay, I still wouldn’t feel that I knew how to write an essay until I wrote one for myself. It is the case, however, that writing the essay would be based on the methods I learned intellectually. The same can be said for other skills, like sports, for example. A person can know all the rules of a game, associated skillsand strategies, but until that person gets on a court with a ball in motion, the theory remains flat, useless.To sum up, as to theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the latter is certainly more important. Just as Briti sh churchman Thomas Fuller put it, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.”参考译文一个大夫只学过课本上的手术知识，叫他给你主刀你是否愿？显然，这个问题的答案是一声响亮的“不”。
2021年6月英语六级真题及答案解析第二套全
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2. A) They are arrogant. B) They are ignorant.
7. A) Time pressure.
C) Modern technology.
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D) Fierce competition.
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2021年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案_10
2021年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance (异乎寻常地). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past—and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together anilluminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years. Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it. The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years—during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared—is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern ofclimate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future —even without the influence of human activity.21. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged ________.A) to give up his former way of lifeB) to leave the coastal areasC) to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD) to abandon his original settlement（A）22. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate ________.A) is going through a fundamental changeB) has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC) will eventually change from hot to coldD) has gone through periodical changes（D）23. Scientists believe that human evolution ________.A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB) has exerted little influence on climatic changesC) has largely been effected by climatic changesD) has had a major impact on climatic changes（C）24. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that ________.A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth’senvironmentB) Earth’s environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC) Earth’s climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD) Earth’s climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future（C）25. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that ________.A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC) man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD) human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of natureQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Now woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess (公爵夫人) of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed assuch a virtue.The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better—or worse—part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat—or even only somewhat overweight—is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have moreoverweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber—than a weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣).26. In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that ________.A) the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtueB) looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortuneC) being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityD) religious people are not necessarily virtuous（C）27. Swept by the prevailing trend, the author ________.A) had to go on a diet for the greater part of her lifeB) could still prevent herself from going off the trackC) had to seek help from rich distant relativesD) had to wear highly fashionable clothes（A）28. In human history, people’s views on body weight ________.A) were closely related to their religious beliefsB) changed from time to timeC) varied between the poor and the richD) led to different moral standards（B）29. The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness ________.A) from an economic and educational perspectiveB) from sociological and medical points of viewC) from a historical and religious standpointD) in the light of moral principles（B）30. What’s the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?A) They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.B) They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C) They should gain weight to look healthy.D) They should rid themselves of fantasies about designerclothes.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed. The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence isrevenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that ________.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law（B）32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is ________.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power（A）33. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused” (Lines 4-5, Para. 2)?A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.（D）34. The word “allegiance” (Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive（A）35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues,investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in anemic fashion, the concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian Americanfamilies. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.36. According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to ________.A) be overcautious in constructing meaningful measuresB) view them from their own cultural perspectiveC) guard against interference from their own cultureD) accept readily what is alien to their own culture（B）37. What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?A) They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.B) The former is biased while the latter is objective.C) The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires inconducting surveys.（A）38. Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more ________.A) culturally interactiveB) culturally biasedC) culture-orientedD) culture-specific（D）39. The etic approach is concerned with ________.A) the general characteristics of minority familiesB) culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groupsC) features shared by various cultures or ethnic groupsD) the economic conditions of different types of families（C）40. Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the ________ U.S. according to the passage?A) Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.B) Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.C) They don’t interact with each other so much as White families.D) They have closer family ties than White families.21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B26. C 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. A31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. D36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. D。
2021年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案_4
2021年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we’re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can’t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers—all these are being challenged. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could haveforeseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip (集成块), would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow’s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.21. A characteristic of the information age is that ________.A) the service industry is relying more and more on the female work forceB) manufacturing industries are steadily increasingC) people find it harder and harder to earn a living by working in factoriesD) most of the job opportunities can now be found in the serviceindustry22. One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that ________.A) the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificantB) people’s traditional concepts about work no longer hold trueC) most people have to take part-time jobsD) people have to change their jobs from time to time23. By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that ________.A) people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technologyB) future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changesC) the importance of high technology has been overlookedD) computer science will play a leading role in the future information services24. The future will probably belong to those who ________.A) possess and know how to make use of informationB) give full play to their brain potentialC) involve themselves in service industriesD) cast their minds ahead instead of looking back25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A) Computers and the Knowledge SocietyB) Service Industries in Modern SocietyC) Features and Implications of the New EraD) Rapid Advancement of Information TechnologyQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributednot to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine (女性的) and an attractive man more masculine (男性的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Ann Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would votefor them.The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.26. The word “liability” (Para. 1. Line 4) most probably means “________”.A) misfortuneB) instabilityC) disadvantageD) burden27. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ________.A) reinforces the feminine qualities requiredB) makes women look more honest and capableC) is of primary importance to womenD) often enables women to succeed quickly28. Bowman’s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ________.A) turns out to be an obstacleB) affects men and women alikeC) has as little effect on men as on womenD) is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women29. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s viewson beauty are often ________.A) practicalB) prejudicedC) old-fashionedD) radical30. The author writes this passage to ________.A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB) give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveC) demand equal rights for womenD) emphasize the importance of appearance重点单词查看全部解释unattractive想一想再看adj. 不吸引人注意的；没有魅力的；不美丽的measured['meʒəd]想一想再看adj. 量过的，慎重的，基于标准的，有韵律的动词meinterview['intəvju:]想一想再看n. 接见，会见，面试，面谈vt. 接见，采impression[im'preʃən]想一想再看n. 印象，效果联想记忆X单词impression联想记忆：impress印象+ion→印象；感想 sophisticated[sə'fistikeitid]想一想再看adj. 诡辩的，久经世故的，精密的，老练的，尖端的联想记忆X单词sophisticated联想记忆：sophist诡辩+icate+d→老于世故的；精致复杂的 emphasize['emf əsaiz]想一想再看vt. 强调，着重employee[.emplɔi'i:]想一想再看n. 雇员联想记忆X单词employee联想记忆：employ雇用+ee表名词，“被动或主动的人”→雇员 source[sɔ:s]想一想再看n. 发源地，来源，原始资料rank[ræŋk]想一想再看n. 等级，阶层，排，列v. 分等级，排列，respectable[ri'spektəbl]想一想再看n. 品格高尚的人adj. 值得尊重的，人格联想记忆X单词respectable联想记忆：respect尊敬+able→可敬的Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several booksthat have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewingdoes not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis (诊断) and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.A) generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB) importance should be attached to the systematic study ofjournalistic interviewingC) concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewingD) personal experience and general impression should be excluded from journalistic interviews32. Much research has been done on interviews in general ________.A) so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedB) though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attentionC) but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedD) and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing33. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ________.A) but most of them wish to stay away from itB) and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC) and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of itD) but most of them may not have been interviewed in person34. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?A) The patient.B) The physician.C) The journalist.D) The psychologist.35. The text is most likely a part of a ________.A) news articleB) journalistic interviewC) research reportD) preface重点单词查看全部解释unattractive想一想再看adj. 不吸引人注意的；没有魅力的；不美丽的measured['meʒəd]想一想再看adj. 量过的，慎重的，基于标准的，有韵律的动词meinterview['intəvju:]想一想再看n. 接见，会见，面试，面谈vt. 接见，采impression[im'preʃən]想一想再看n. 印象，效果联想记忆X单词impression联想记忆：impress印象+ion→印象；感想 sophisticated[sə'fistikeitid]想一想再看adj. 诡辩的，久经世故的，精密的，老练的，尖端的联想记忆X单词sophisticated联想记忆：sophist诡辩+icate+d→老于世故的；精致复杂的 emphasize['emf əsaiz]想一想再看vt. 强调，着重employee[.emplɔi'i:]想一想再看n. 雇员联想记忆X单词employee联想记忆：employ雇用+ee表名词，“被动或主动的人”→雇员 source[sɔ:s]想一想再看n. 发源地，来源，原始资料rank[ræŋk]想一想再看n. 等级，阶层，排，列v. 分等级，排列，respectable[ri'spektəbl]想一想再看n. 品格高尚的人adj. 值得尊重的，人格联想记忆X单词respectable联想记忆：respect尊敬+able→可敬的Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began theprocess of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious (费力的) and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident-the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e.g. Electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful).Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of thefruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical (新古典主义的) model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage. 36. The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that ________.A) it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB) they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC) it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD) the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage________.A) some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economyB) the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economyC) producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptableD) whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace ________.A) as wage earnersB) both as manufactures and consumersC) both as workers and purchasersD) as customers39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because ________.A) the family was not efficient in productionB) it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC) it could not supply them by itselfD) the market for these goods and services was limited40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage ________.A) the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and servicesB) many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC) consumers relied more and more on the market economyD) the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace重点单词查看全部解释unattractive想一想再看adj. 不吸引人注意的；没有魅力的；不美丽的measured['meʒəd]想一想再看adj. 量过的，慎重的，基于标准的，有韵律的动词meinterview['intəvju:]想一想再看n. 接见，会见，面试，面谈vt. 接见，采impression[im'preʃən]想一想再看n. 印象，效果联想记忆X单词impression联想记忆：impress印象+ion→印象；感想 sophisticated[sə'fistikeitid]想一想再看adj. 诡辩的，久经世故的，精密的，老练的，尖端的联想记忆X单词sophisticated联想记忆：sophist诡辩+icate+d→老于世故的；精致复杂的 emphasize['emf əsaiz]想一想再看vt. 强调，着重employee[.emplɔi'i:]想一想再看n. 雇员联想记忆X单词employee联想记忆：employ雇用+ee表名词，“被动或主动的人”→雇员 source[sɔ:s]想一想再看n. 发源地，来源，原始资料rank[ræŋk]想一想再看n. 等级，阶层，排，列v. 分等级，排列，respectable[ri'spektəbl]想一想再看n. 品格高尚的人adj. 值得尊重的，人格联想记忆X单词respectable联想记忆：respect尊敬+able→可敬的21. D22. B23. B24. A25. C26. C27. A28. D29. B30. A31. B32. C33. D34. A35. D36. D37. B38. C39. C40. A重点单词查看全部解释unattractive想一想再看adj. 不吸引人注意的；没有魅力的；不美丽的measured['meʒəd]想一想再看adj. 量过的，慎重的，基于标准的，有韵律的动词me interview['intəvju:]想一想再看n. 接见，会见，面试，面谈vt. 接见，采impression[im'preʃən]想一想再看n. 印象，效果联想记忆X单词impression联想记忆：impress印象+ion→印象；感想 sophisticated[sə'fistikeitid]想一想再看adj. 诡辩的，久经世故的，精密的，老练的，尖端的联想记忆X单词sophisticated联想记忆：sophist诡辩+icate+d→老于世故的；精致复杂的 emphasize['emf əsaiz]想一想再看vt. 强调，着重employee[.emplɔi'i:]想一想再看n. 雇员联想记忆X单词employee联想记忆：employ雇用+ee表名词，“被动或主动的人”→雇员 source[sɔ:s]想一想再看n. 发源地，来源，原始资料rank[ræŋk]想一想再看n. 等级，阶层，排，列v. 分等级，排列，respectable[ri'spektəbl]想一想再看n. 品格高尚的人adj. 值得尊重的，人格联想记忆X单词respectable联想记忆：respect尊敬+able→可敬的第21 页共21 页。
2021年6月六级考试题目答案第三套
年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第 3 套)Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to majo r in science or humanitiesat college, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)阐明：年 6 月大学英语六级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套（即第三套）听力材料与第一套完全同样，只是选项顺序不同而已，故本套不再重复给出。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank i s identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in th e bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new p lace, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often 26 to as the “first-night-effect”. Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisp here of the brain “remained more active” than thenetwork in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimula ting the left hemisphere) of 27 was more likely to wake them up than if the noise s were played into their left ear.It was 28 observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sl eep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and th ird nights they found the lefthemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The res earchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a 29 environment th e brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any 30 danger.The researchers believe this is the first time that the “first-night-effect” of different brain states has been 31 in humans. It isn‟t, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal 32 also display this p henomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other 33 animals, shut down onehemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dol phins always 34 control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while slee ping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason f or dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for 35 while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.A) classified B) consciously C) dramatically D) exotic E) identified F) inherent G) marine H) novelI) potential J) predators K) referred L) species M) specifically N) varieties O) volu nteersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements a ttached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the para graph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the c orresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Elite Math Competitions Struggle to Diversify Their Talent Pool[A] Interest in elite high school math competitions has grown in recent years, an d in light of last summer‟s U.S. win at the International Math Olympiad (IMO)---the first for an American team in more than two decades—the trend is likely to continue.[B] But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by Asian and w hite students from middle-class and affluent families, become any more diverse? Many social and cultural factor s play roles in determining which promising students get on the path toward internati onal math recognition. But efforts are in place to expose more black, Hispanic, and lo w-income students to advanced math, in the hope that the demographic pool of high-level contenders will eventually begin to shift and become less exclusive. [C] “The c hallenge is if certain types of people are doing something, it‟s difficult for other people to break into it,” said Po-Shen Loh, the head coach of last year‟s winning U.S. Math Olympiad team.Participation grows through friends and networks and if “you realize that‟s how they‟re growing, you can start to take action” and bring in other students, he said.[D] Most of the training for advanced-math competitions happens outside the confines of the normal school day. Students attend after-school clubs, summer camps, online forums and classes, and university-based “math circles”, to prepare for the competitions.[E] One of the largest feeders for high school math competitions—including those that eventually lead to the IMO—is a middle school program called Math Counts. About 100,000 students around the c ountry participate in the program‟s competition series, which culminates in a national game-show-style contest held each May. The most recent one took place last week in Washington , D.C. Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach an d pay a nominal fee to send students to regional and state competitions. The 224 stu dents who make it to the national competition get an all-expenses-paid trip. [F] Nearly all members of last year‟s winning U.S. IMO team took part in Math Counts as middle school students, as did L oh, the coach. “Middle school is an important age because students have enough m ath capability to solve advanced problems, but they haven‟t really decided what they want to do with their lives,” said Loh. “They often get h ooked then.”[G] Another influential feeder for advanced-math students is an online school called Art of Problem Solving, which began about 1 3 years ago and now has 15,000 users. Students use forums to chat, play games, and solve problems together at no cost, or they can pay a few hundred dollars to take cou rses with trained teachers. According to Richard Rusczyk, the company founder, the si x U.S. team members who competed at the IMO last year collectively took more than 40 courses on the site. Parents of advanced-math students and Math Counts coaches say the children are on the website constan tly.[H] There are also dozens of summer camps—many attached to universities—that aim to prepare elite math students. Some are pricey---a three-week intensive program can cost $4,500 or more—but most offer scholarships. The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program is a three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that leads straightto the international championship and is free for those who make it. Only about 50 s tudents are invited based on their performance on written tests and at the USA Math Olympiad.[I] Students in university towns may also have access to another lever for involve ment in accelerated math: math circles. In these groups, which came out of an Easter n European tradition of developing young talent, professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several hours after school or on weekends. The Los Angeles Math Circle, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, began in with 20 students and now has more than 250. “These math circles cost nothing, or t hey‟re very cheap for students to get involved in, but you have to know about them,” sai d Rusczyk. “Most people would love to get students from more underserved popula tions, but they just can‟t get them in the door. Part of it is communication; part of it is transportation.”[J] It‟s no secret in the advanced-math community that diversity is a problem. According to Mark Saul, the director of c ompetitions for the Mathematical Association of America, not a single African-American or Hispanic student---and only a handful of girls---has ever made it to the Math Olympiad team in its 50 years of existence. Many schoo ls simply don‟t prioritize academic competitions. “Do you know who we have to beat?” asked Sa ul. “The football team, the basketball team---that‟s our competition for resources, student time, attention, school dollars, parent efforts, school enthusiasm.”[K] Teachers in low-income urban and rural areas with no history of participating in math competitions m ay not know about advanced-math opportunities like Math Counts—and those who do may not have support or feel trained to lead them.[L] But there are initiatives in place to try to get more underrepresented student s involved in accelerated math. A New York City-based nonprofit called Bridge to Enter Mathematics runs a residential summer progra m aimed at getting underserved students，mostly black and Hispanic, working toward math and science careers. The summer af ter 7th grade, students spend three weeks on a college campus studying advanced m ath for seven hours a day. Over the next five years, the group helps the students get i nto other elite summer math programs, high-performing high schools, and eventually college. About 250 students so far have gone through the program, which receives funding from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation.[M] “If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they‟ re primarily centered around …Let‟s get these kids‟ grades up‟, and not around …Let‟s get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids,‟” said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program. “We‟re trying to create that pathway.” Students apply to the program directly through th eir schools. “We want to reach parents who are not plugged into the system,” saidZaharopol.[N] In the past few years, Math Counts added two new middle school programs t o try to diversify its participant pool---the National Math Club and the Math Video Challenge. Schools or teachers who sign upfor the National Math Club receive a kit full of activities and resources, but there‟s no special teacher training and no competition attached.[O] The Math Video Challenge is a competition, but a collaborative one. Teams o f four students make a video illustrating a math problem and its real-world application. After the high-pressure Countdown round at this year‟s national Math Counts competition, in which the top 12 students went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists for the Math Video Challenge to ok the stage to show their videos. The demographics of that group looked quite differ ent from those in the competition round---of the 16 video finalists, 13 were girls and eight were African-American students. The video challenge does not put individual students on the hot s eat---so it‟s less intimidating by design. It also adds the element of artistic creativity to attract a new pool of students who may not see themselves as “math people”. 36. Middle s chool is a crucial period when students may become keenly interested in advanced m athematics.37. Elite high school math competitions are attracting more interest throughout the United States. 38. Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors. 39. Students may take advantage of online resources to learn to solve math problems.40. The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many unde rserved students learn advanced math.41. Winners of local contests will participate in the national math competition fo r free. 42. Many schools don‟t place academic competitions at the top of their priority list.43. Contestants of elite high school math competitions are mostly Asian and whi te students from well-off families.44. Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students‟ math scores.45. Some intensive summer programs are very expensive but most of them prov ide scholarships.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som e questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C a nd D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Ans wer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. In dependence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wa rdrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and oth er active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrob e, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an o ccasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or ev en copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modem art” would later be; it was genuinely invented and d eveloped in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment w ere to sportswear, and thedistinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was mostimportant: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of bein g washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as th e modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers pr ized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project t heir own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 19 30s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel( 服装 ) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to s ome degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard ot her than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer‟s life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer w as ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is of ten regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion‟s trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs o f service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course o f late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable c lothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression. 46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashio n?A) They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.B) They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.C) They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.D) They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?A) It imitated the European model.B) It laid emphasis on women‟s beauty.C) It represented genuine American art.D) It was a completely new invention.48. What characterized American designer sportswear?A) Pursuit of beauty.B) Decorative closings.C) Ease of care.D) Fabric quality.49. What occurred in the design of women‟s apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?A) A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility.B) The emulation of traditional Parisian design.C) A search for balance between tradition and novelty.D) The involvement of more women in fashion design. 50. What do we learn abo ut designers of American sportswear?A) They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B) They radically changed people‟s concept of beauty.C) They advocated equity between men and women.D) They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more unco mfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead of flying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the w aste sites their winter feeding grounds.Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 w hite storks (鹳) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five month s of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on land fills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering( 过冬 ) on rubbish dumps. Andre a Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration ro utes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. “For the birds it‟s a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they ca n feed on,” said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed in with other human debris such as plas tic bags and old toys.“It‟s very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can di e,” said Flack. “And we don‟t know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We ca nnot estimate that yet.”The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spa in, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of the Spanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the weste rn Sahel. Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that sur vived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, i nstead of migrating to the Sahel.Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outwei ghed the risks of feeding on landfills. But that‟s not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystems both at home and at the ir winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could have unexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts (蝗虫) and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. “They provide a useful service,” said Flack.51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?A) They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters.B) They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter.C) They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.D) They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?A) They can multiply at an accelerating rate.B) They can better pull through the winter.C) They help humans kill harmful insects.D) They are more likely to be at risk of dying.53. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dump s?A) They may end up staying there permanently.B) They may eat something harmful.C) They may evolve new feeding habits.D) They may have trouble getting adequate food.54. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?A) They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter.B) They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.C) They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes.D) They join the storks from Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.55. What is scientists‟ other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?A) The potential harm to the ecosystem.B) The genetic change in the stork species.C) The spread of epidemics to their homeland.D) The damaging effect on bio-diversity.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.明朝统治中华人民共和国 276 年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定最伟大时代之一。
2021年6月六级真题及答案解析第三套
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the chart below. You should start your essay with a bri�f description of the chart and comment on China's achievements in poverty alleviation. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part ][Rural population in povertypoverty headcount ratio(% of rural population)(Million people)100.---����������������-.12155025Sources: China's National Bureau of Statistics, China's State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and DevelopmentListening Comprehension (30 minutes)i,Jigij: EEi 2021 6 � /,��"Jat�ij��T 2 �l!Jrf1 '*�1tlfffi11Jrj;J �mf 2 i:*1�1c�-�, flJl!:J®rJ¥� -� ,lz;l .tlt:f:E*� •MI IP� JHlU! ili J?-\LPart ][Section AReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Directions: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word.bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices; Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with. a.single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.At 43, I've reached the stage where women are warned to watch out for the creeping sadness of middle age. We're served up an endless stream of advice on "how to survive your 40s", as if we're in the endurance stage of a slow limp toward 26 . This is the age women start to become "invisible"-our value, attractiveness and power supposedly 27 by the vanishing of youth. But I don't feel like I'm fading into 28 . I feel more seen than I ever have, and for.the first time in my life, I have a clear-eyed view of myself that is 29 , compassionate and accepting.When I look in the mirror, I'm proud of who I am-even those "broken" parts that for so long seemed impossible to love. So when advertisers try to sell me ways to "turn back the clock", I have to 30 a laugh. I wouldn't go back to the crippling self-consciousness of my youth if you paid me. This hard-won sense of self-acceptance is one of the joys of being an older woman. But it's a narrative often 31 out by the shame that marketers rely on to peddle us their diet pills, miracle face creams and breathable yoga pants-as if self-love is a 32 commodity.For some women I know, this sense of trust and self-belief later in life gave them the courage to leave dysfunctional relationships or 33 on new career paths. Others talked about enjoying their own company, of growth through 34 , deepening bonds of friendships, the ability to be more compassionate, less judgmental and to listen more and appreciate the small pleasures. Life past 40 is far from smooth sailing, but it's so much more than the reductive 35 we see in women's magazines and on the Hollywood big screen.A)adversityB)authenticC)conveyD)depictionsE)diminished Section B F)drownedG)embarkH)fragilityI)neglectedJ)obscurityK)outlinesL)prevalentM)purchasableN)submit0)suppressDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 .What Are the Ethics of CGI Actors-And Will They Replace Real Ones?A)Digital humans are coming to a screen near you. As computer-generated imagery ( CGI) has becomecheaper and more sophisticated, the film industry can now convincingly recreate people on screeneven actors who have been dead for decades. The technology's ability to effectively keep celebrities alive beyond the grave is raising questions about public legacies and image rights.B)Late in 2019, it was announced that US actor James Dean, who died in 1955, will star in a VietnamWar film scheduled for release later this year. In the film, which will be called Finding Jack , Dean will be recreated on screen with CGI based on old footage (�Jtfl�) and photographs, with another actor voicing him. The news was met with excitement by those keen to see Dean digitally brought back to life for only his fourth film, but it also drew sharp criticism. "This is puppeteering the dead for their fame alone," actress Zelda Williams wrote on Twitter. "It sets such an awful precedent for the future of performance." Het father, Robin Williams, who·died in 2014, was-keen to avoid the same:fate, Before his death, he filed a deed protecting the use of his image until 2039, preventing others from recreating him using CGI to appear in a film, TV show or as a hologram (�.i:lfft).C)The James Dean film is a way to keep the actor's image relevant for younger generations, says MarkRoesler of CMG Worldwide, the firm that represents Dean's estate. "I think this is the beginning of an entire wave," says Travis Cloyd, CEO of Worldwide XR, one of the companies behind the digital recreation of Dean. "Moving into the future, we want James Dean to be brought into different gaming environments, or different virtual reality environments, or augmented reality environments," he says.D)Other actors have been revived, with the permission of their estates, for advertising purposes: forexample, a 2011 advertisement for Dior featured contemporary actress Charlize Theron alongside iconic 20th-century stars Marilyn Monroe, Grace Kelly and Marlene Dietrich. Later, Audrey Hepburn was digitally recreated for a chocolate commercial in 2013. In the same year, a CGI Bruce Lee appeared in a Chinese-language ad for a whisky brand, which offended many fans because Lee was widely known not to drink alcohol at all. "In the last five years, it's become more affordable and more achievable in a whole movie," says Tim Webber at UK visual effects firm Framestore, the company behind the Hepburn chocolate ad. Framestore used body doubles with resemblance to Hepburn's facial structure and body shape as a framework for manual animation. The process was extremely difficult and expensive, says Webber, but the technology has moved on.7\� 2021 &j:'. 6 Y.I 48E) Now, a person can be animated from scratch. "If they're alive today, you can put them in scanningrigs, you can get every detail of their body analysed very carefully and that makes it much easier, whereas working from available photographs is tricky," says Webber, who won an Academy Award for his visual effects work on the 2013 film Gravity. "I also see a lot of actors today who will have the desire to take advantage of this technology: to have their likeness captured ·and stored for future content," says Cloyd. "They foresee this being something that could give their estates and give their families the ability to make money from their likeness when they're gone."F)A hidden hazard of digitally recreating a deceased ( B � Et9) celebrity is the risk of damaging theirlegacy. "We have to respect the security and the integrity of rights holders," says John Canning at Digital Domain, a US firm that created a hologram rapper (ill,nSt:.AJ·Tupac Shakur, which appeared at the Coachella music festival in 201Z, 15 years after his death.G)Legally, a person's rights to control the commercial use of their name and image beyond their deathdiffer between and even within countries. In certain US states, for example, these rights are treated similarly to property rights, and are transferable to a person's heirs. In California; under the Celebrities Rights Act, the personality rights for a celebrity last for 70 years after their death. "We've got a societal debate going on about access to our public commons, as it were, about famous faces,�' says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University, UK. Should the public be allowed to use or reproduce images of famous people, given how iconic they are? And what is in. the best interest of a deceased person's legacy may conflict with the desires of their family or the public, says Edwards.H)A recreation, however lifelike, will never be indistinguishable from a real actor, says Webber. "Whenwe are bringing someone back, representing someone who is no longer alive on the screen, what we are doing is extremely sophisticated digital make"".up," he says; "A performance is a lot more than a physical resemblance."I)As it becomes easier to digitally recreate celebrities and to entirely manufacture on'."screen identities,could this kind of technology put actors out of jobs? "J think actors are worried about this," says Edwards. "But I think it will take a very long time. " This is partly because of the risk that viewers find virtual humans scary. Edwards cites widespread backlash to the digital recreation of Carrie Fisher as· a young Princess Leia in Rogue One, a trick later repeated in the recent Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, which was filmed after Fisher's death in 2016. "People didn't like it," she says. "They discovered the uncanny valley (ifit#�)."J)This refers to the idea that when objects trying to resemble humans aren't .quite perfect, they can make viewers feel uneasy because they fall somewhere between obviously non-human and fully human."That's always a danger when you're doing anything human or human-like," says Webber. "There're a thousand things that could go wrong with a computer-generated facial performance, and any one of those could make it fall into the uncanny valley," he says·;"Your brain j°:st knows there's something wrong." The problem often arises around the eyes or mouth, says Webber.. "They're the areas that you look at when you're talking to someone."K)An unfamiliar digital human that has been created through CGI will also face the same challenge as an unknown actor: they don't have the appeal of an established name. "You have to spend substantial capital in creating awareness around their likeness and making sure people are familiar with who they are," says Cloyd. This is now starting to happen. "The way you pre-sell a movie in a foreign market is based on relevant talent," he says. "I think we're a long way away from having virtual beings that have the ability to pre-sell content."L)Webber expects that we will see more digital humans on screen. "It's happening because it can happen," he says. Referring to a line from JurassicPark ({$t��d0!zm), he adds: "People are too busy thinking about what they c·a n do to think about whether they should do it."3B. There is an ongoing debate among the public as to whether the images of deceased celebrities should be recreated.37.The COi technology allows the image of the deceased James Dean to be presented to young people innew settings.38.It is very likely that the COi-recreated image of a deceased celebrity will fail to match the real actorespecially in facial expressions.39.The use of digital technology can bring images of deceased celebrities back to the screen.40.Recreating a deceased famous actor or actress may violate their legitimate rights.41.More COi-recreated images of deceased celebrities are expected to appear on screen.42.The image of James Dean will be recreated on screen with his voice dubbed by someone else.43.However advanced the COi technology is, the recreated image will differ in a way from the realactor.44.A lot of actors today are likely to make use of the COi technology to have their images stored for thebenefit of their families.45.Some actors are concerned that they may lose jobs because of the COi technology.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the foil o wing passage.You can't see it, smell it, or hear it, and people disagree on how precisely to define it, or where exactly it comes from. It isn't a school subject or an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required of artists, but it is also present in the lives of scientists and entrepreneurs. All of us benefit from it and we thrive mentally and spiritually when we are able to wield it. It is a delicate thing, easily stamped out; in fact, it flourishes most fully when people are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it works best in conjunction with deep knowledge and expertise.This mysterious-but teachable-quality is creativity, the subject of a recently-published report by Durham· Commission on Creativity and Education; The report concludes that· creativity-should not inhabit the school curriculum only as it relates to drama, music, art and other obviously creative subjects, but that creative thinking ought to run through all of school life, infusing (jEr,ffi) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.The authors, who focus on education in England, off e r a number of sensible recommendations, some of which are an attempt to alleviate the uninspiring and fact-based approach to education that has crept into policy in recent years. When children are regarded as vessels to be filled with facts, creativity does not prosper; nor does it when teachers' sole objective is coaching children towards exams. One suggestion from the commission is a network of teacher-led "creativity collaboratives", along the lines of existing maths hubs. ( rp it:,,) ,with the aim of supporting teaching for creativity through the school curriculum.Nevertheless, it is arts subjects through which creativity can most obviously be fostered. The value placed on them by the independent education sector is clear. One only has to look at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain's top private schools to comprehend this. But in the state sector the excessive focus on English, maths and science threatens to crush arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced school budgets mean diminishing extracurricular activities. There has been a 28.1 %decline in students taking creative subjects at high schools since 2014, though happily, art and design have seen a recent increase.This discrepancy between state and private education is a matter of social justice. It is simply wrong and unfair that most children have a fraction of the access to choirs, orchestras, art studios and drama that2021 ip 6 }J 50their more privileged peers enjoy. As lives are affected by any number of looming challenges-climate crisis, automation in the workplace-humans are going to need creative thinking more than ever. For all of our sakes, creativity in education, and for all, must become a priority.46.What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A)It develops best when people are spiritually prepared.B)It is most often wielded by scientists and entrepreneurs.C)It is founded on scientific knowledge and analytical skills.D)It contributes to intellectual growth but can easily be killed.47.What is the conclusion of a recently-published report?A)Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are.B)Cultivation of creativity should permeate the entire school curriculum.C)Art courses should be made compulsory for all students.D)Students should learn more obviously creative subjects.48.What does the report say is detrimental to the fostering of creativity?A)Alleviation of pressure.C)Test-oriented teaching.B)Teacher-led school activities.D)Independent learning.49.What do we learn about the private schools in the UK?A)They encourage extracurricular activities.B)They attach great importance to arts education.C)They prioritize arts subjects over maths and sciences.D)They cater to students from different family backgrounds.50.What should be done to meet the future challenges?A)Increasing government investment in school education.B)Narrowing the existing gap between the rich and the poor.C)Providing all children with equal access to arts education.D)Focusing on meeting the needs of under-privileged students.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Emulating your conversation partner's actions is a common human behavior classified as "mirroring" and has been known and studied by psychologists for years. We all tend to subconsciously copy gestures of people we like. But why do we act like this?As a rule, mirroring means that conversationalists enjoy their communication and that there's a certain level of agreement between them. The topic of discussion is equally interesting for both and they know their interests meet.Repeating someone's behavior is typical of talented communicators, not always because the person is sympathetic, but because there is a goal to be achieved. This way new idols have been brought to the stage: politicians, celebrities, and other big names. Popular culture makes people want to look popular, and act and speak like popular people.Nowadays celebrities steal lyrics from each other and struggle with copyright violation accusations or straightforwardly claim themselves to be the authors, even though all the work was done by other people .• Among celebrities, it's trendy nowadays to use their own speech writers as politicians do. The so-called "ghostwriting" can take various forms: books, articles, autobiographies, and even social media posts.Who is a true copycat (:t&��) and who gets copycatted? Sometimes, it is a hard nut to crack without an expert's help. But new authorship defending methods based on identifying individual writing patterns are already here. Their aim is to protect intellectual property. Using scientific methods, some of them candefine authorship with 85 %accuracy.Writing is not an easy craft to master. If you want to write like a professional without plagiarism (tf; �) , there are a few lessons to learn and the first one is: "Copy from one, it's plagiarism; copy from two, it's research." The correct interpretation of this statement is not about copying, but rather about creating your own style. When you study an author's writing style, don't stop on a single one, but explore numerous styles instead. Examine types of sentences they use, pay attention to their metaphors, and focus on stories you feel you could write a pretty cool sequel (�ID to.Imitation is rather paradoxical. As an integral part of learning, it brings about positive changes, making people develop and grow. However, it may do a lot of harm. Copying someone's thoughts, ideas or inventions is completely unacceptable. It infringes on intellectual property rights of others.Still, many things we do are about copying others one way.or another. So if you want to compliment someone on the work they have done and imitate it, just make sure you do it the right way to avoid committing plagiarism.51.What do people tend to do while engaging in a conversation?A)Repeat what their partners say one way or another.B)Focus as much as possible on topics of mutual interest.C)Imitate their partners' gestures without their knowing it.D)Observe carefully how their partners make use of gestures.52.When does mirroring usually take place in a conversation?A)When both sides are sympathetic with each other.B)When both sides have a lot of things in common.C)When both sides make interesting contributions.D)When both sides try to seek common ground.53.What do we learn about popular culture?A)It encourages people to imitate.C)I.t acquaints young people with their idols.B)It appeals mostly to big names.D)It .c an change people's mode of cognition.54.Why is the saying "copy from two, it's research" a lesson to learn?A)It facilitates the creation of one's own writing style.B)lt helps t�:t prottxt _ont!'S i n tellectµal pr9perty rights.C)It fosters correct interpretation of professional writing ..D)It enables one to write intriguing sequels to famous stories.55.Why does the author say imitation is rather paradoxical?A)It is liable to different interpretations.C)Jt can give rise to endless disputes.B)It is by and large a necessary evil.D)It may do harm as well as good.Part N Translation. 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