【创新设计】高考英语基础复习 语法突破专题十五 构词法 北师大版

【创新设计】2015届高考英语基础复习 语法突破专题十五 构词法 北师大版 近几年语法填空中都涉及词类转换题，以考查不同词性在句中的不同用法为主，如副词作状语，修饰动词或形容词，形容词作定语，修饰名词、代词等，名词在句中用来做主语、宾语等。例如： 1．(2013·广东)“That would be a very __19__ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours.”Nick said.此题中应用reason的形容词形式修饰名词thing，作定语，故答案为reasonable adj.合理的，公道的。 2．(2013·广东)“But such a small thing couldn't __23__ (possible) destroy a village”此题中应用possible的副词形式修饰destroy作状语，故答案为possibly。 另外，从近几年的高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，对克服阅读理解中生词的问题就容易多了。

构词法

在做语法填空题的“词形转换”类型题时，既要熟悉各种前缀、后缀、派生以及转化等构词知识外，还要灵活运用其他语法知识，在理解了上下文语境的基础上慎重填写。 [学 以 致 用] Ⅰ.根据语境，用所给词的否定形式填空 1．It is ________ (legal)to drive after drinking alcohol. 答案 illegal [句意：酒后开车不合法。] 2．________ (lead)advertisements are not allowed by law. 答案 Misleading [句意：误导的广告为法律所不允许。] 3．It is ________ (reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal. 答案 unreasonable [句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。] 4．You must be ________ (literate)if you have not heard of Shakespeare. 答案 illiterate [句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定是文盲的。] 5．There exists the ________ (balance)between the rich and poor countries. 答案 imbalance [句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。] 6．Her illness had made her completely ________ (mobile)． 答案 immobile [句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。] 7．His identity is ________ (know)to us so we have to confirm. 答案 unknown [句意：他的身份为我们所不知，所以我们得证实。] 8．He seems to be ________ (aware)of the trouble he is making. 答案 unaware [句意：他似乎不知道他正造成的麻烦。] 9．Jim is ________ (patient)with his little sister who is so noisy. 答案 impatient [句意：吉姆对他吵闹的小妹妹不耐烦。] 10．The ________ (expect)death of her son made her sad. 答案 unexpected [句意：她儿子意外的死亡使她伤心。] 11．Running a business without a budget(预算)is ________ (practical)． 答案 impractical [句意：经营生意而没有预算是不实际的。] 12．The government ________ (close)that another ambassador had been arrested for spying. 答案 disclosed [句意：政府公开另一个外交大使因间谍罪被逮捕。] 13．The bright dress is ________ (proper)for a funeral. 答案 improper [句意：鲜艳的衣服对葬礼来说不合适。] 14．This delay was ________ (avoidable)so we had to be patient. 答案 unavoidable [句意：延迟不可避免，所以我们得耐心。] 15．His income is ________ (adequate)to meet his basic needs and he has to find another job. 答案 inadequate [句意：他的收入不足以满足基本要求，他得再找份工作。] 16．Students get a ________ (count)of 25%on plane tickets. 答案 discount [句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。] 17．The water is ________ (fit)for drinking and you have to gowithout water. 答案 unfit [句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。] 18．It's ________ (honesty)to lie about one's age. 答案 dishonest [句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。] 19．The injured man was ________ (capable)of walking，so he had to be carried. 答案 incapable [句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。] 20．He was ________ (ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety. 答案 unable [句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。] Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1．The Chinese people are very ________ (friend)to foreigners. 答案 friendly [空处应填friend的形容词形式。] 2．I think it'll be ________(sun)this afternoon. 答案 sunny [空处应填形容词作表语。] 3．David moved ________ (caution)forward. 答案 cautiously [句意：戴维小心翼翼地往前挪。] 4．Without reform，social and economic problems can only be ________(bad)． 答案 worse [句意：没有改革，社会和经济问题只会每况愈下。] 5．The teacher gave them ________ (instruct)to arrive early tomorrow morning. 答案 instructions [句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。] 6．Three people have been killed in a bomb ________(explode)in northwest Spain. 答案 explosion [句意：在西班牙西北部的炸弹爆炸事件中，已有3人死亡。] 7．One should have the ability to tell the ________(different)between right and wrong. 答案 difference [固定表达tell the difference＝distinguish(区别)。] 8．He is a ________ (quality)teacher who is respected by his students. 答案 qualified [形容词，“合格的”。] 9．For many Americans the automobile is a ________(necessary)． 答案 necessity [不定冠词a后接可数名词单数。] 10．He ________ (like)wearing a tie，so you will never see him in tie. 答案 dislikes [根据“从来看不到他打领带”可以推断“他不喜欢打领带”。] 11．You must look after yourself and keep ________ (health)． 答案 healthy [keep为系动词，后面应该接形容词。] 12．Excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in ________(injure)to the liver. 答案 injury [名词injury表示“伤害”。] 13．“Thank you.”is a polite ________ (express)which is widely used in English. 答案 expression [a polite expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。] 14．He ________ (brave)went into the building house to rescue the baby.Everybody present praised him for his ________ (brave)． 答案 bravely；bravery [第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。]