英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
独立主格结构经典例题及解析

独立主格结构经典例题及解析1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. It wereC. There wereD. It being答案:A。
解析:这里是独立主格结构,“There being no bus”表示原因,相当于“Because there was no bus”。
整个句子的意思是因为没有公交车了,我们不得不走路回家。
2. The test ______, we began our holiday.A. was finishedB. finishingC. had been finishedD. finished答案:D。
解析:“The test finished”是独立主格结构,test和finish之间是被动关系,finished在这里表示完成的状态,意思是考试结束了,我们开始度假。
3. All things ______, her paper is of greater value than mine.A. consideredB. consideringC. to considerD. consider答案:A。
解析:“All things considered”是独立主格结构,意思是把所有的事情都考虑进去,things和consider之间是被动关系。
4. The meeting ______ over, we all left the room.A. isB. to beC. beingD. would be答案:C。
解析:“The meeting being over”是独立主格结构,表示会议结束这个状态,它在句子中作原因状语。
5. Weather ______, we'll go out for a walk.A. permittedB. permittingC. permitsD. for permitting答案:B。
独立主格结构知识点及例题

独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂,主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成)e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词(常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态)e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.(=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.)Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. (=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构,在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语,也可作定语。
(精品高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习

高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点【注意】1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
独立主格结构在句中往往做状语,表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常作原因状语,有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。
So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
2023高考 丨 高中英语重点语法-独立主格结构专项练习

如何区分独立主格结构和非谓语动词独立主格结构:不是主谓完整的简单句,其形式是:名词/名词短语/代词+不定式/动词-ing形式/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语非谓语动词:指句子中不是谓语动词的动词,主要包括不定式,动名词和分词(现在分词、过去分词)Ps:非谓语动词做定语,状语与补语;独立主格结构只做状语。
小妙招:判断独立主格结构就看有没有一个逗号连接的两个简单句,每个句子都有两个不同的主语,这时其中一个句子的谓语动词一定要用非谓语形式一、单项选择1.It is said that the project will cost$580million,half coming from investors, the rest________.A.to borrowB.to be borrowedC.borrowingD.being borrowed【答案】B【详解】考查独立主格结构。
句意:据说这项工程将耗资5.8亿美元,其中一半来自于投资方,剩下的将要贷款。
分析句子成分可知,此处为独立主格结构,且表示将来的动作,应用“名词+不定式”,the rest与borrow构成被动关系,应用to be done形式。
故选B。
2.________,we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permittingB.If permittedC.If permittingD.Weather permits【答案】A【详解】考查独立主格结构。
句意:如果天气允许,我们就去参观长城。
分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,所以用独立主格结构。
weather 与permit之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。
故选A。
3.After______by the heavy deluge,Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots,many tourists______in the disaster region. A.struck,were trappedB.being struck,trappedC.struck,having been trappedD.having been struck;were trapped【答案】B【详解】考查非谓语动词。
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析

高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析1.The girl sat there, her eyes looking at the book, her mind lost in thought. In this sentence, “her eyes looking at the book” is an example of independent nominative structure. Which of the following sentences also uses this structure?A.Her hands holding the pen, she began to write.B.Her feet walking on the road, she felt happy.C.Her head nodding, she agreed.D.Her mouth smiling, she greeted everyone.答案解析:A、B、C、D 四个选项都是独立主格结构中名词加现在分词的形式。
选项A“Her hands holding the pen”表示她的手拿着笔,在句中作伴随状语。
选项B“Her feet walking on the road”表示她的脚走在路上,在句中作伴随状语。
选项C“Her head nodding”表示她点头,在句中作伴随状语。
选项D“Her mouth smiling”表示她微笑着,在句中作伴随状语。
2.The boy lay on the grass, his eyes closed. Which of the following is NOT an example of independent nominative structure?A.His face red, he looked angry.B.His heart beating fast, he was nervous.C.His book open, he was reading.D.His sister came in, he was happy.答案解析:选项A、B、C 都是独立主格结构中名词加现在分词或形容词的形式。
【含答案解析】人教版高中英语独立主格结构练习题50题

【含答案解析】人教版高中英语独立主格结构练习题50题1.The book lying on the table, he began to read.The book laid on the table, he began to read.The book being laid on the table, he began to read.The book to be laid on the table, he began to read.答案解析:第一句正确。
“The book lying on the table”是独立主格结构,“book”和“lie”之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词“lying”。
第二句错误,“lay”的过去分词是“laid”,表示“放置”,但此处“book”和“lay”不是被动关系。
第三句正确,“being laid”强调正在被放置,但与语境不太符合。
第四句错误,“to be laid”表示将来被放置,也不符合语境。
2.The sun shining brightly, we went for a walk.The sun shone brightly, we went for a walk.The sun being shone brightly, we went for a walk.The sun to shine brightly, we went for a walk.答案解析:第一句正确。
“The sun shining brightly”是独立主格结构,“sun”和“shine”之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词“shining”。
第二句错误,两个独立的句子不能直接用逗号连接。
第三句错误,“shine”是不及物动词,没有被动形式。
第四句错误,“to shine brightly”表示将来要发光,不符合语境。
3.The rain falling heavily, we stayed indoors.The rain fell heavily, we stayed indoors.The rain being fallen heavily, we stayed indoors.The rain to fall heavily, we stayed indoors.答案解析:第一句正确。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案

独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点:独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
(一)独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分,形式为:基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5.名词/代词+形容词短语形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
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构成
名词(代词)/逻辑主语+现在分词、过去分词;Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+形容词; The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+副词;Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. There being+名词 ;there being nothing else to do, we went home 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+不定式;She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名词(代词) /逻辑主语+介词短语 ;the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being + 名词:It being X'mas, the government office was closed
2尾,用逗号将与主句其隔开
The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly. 计划成功地完成了,一切进展顺利。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on.许多官员跟在皇帝后面,有的 拎着皇帝的长袍,其他的则给他整理要带等。
其他形式的独立主格结构
1. 逻辑主语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 A.逻辑主语+名词 a.Many students joined in the math competition, most of them
children of no more than 10. 很多学生参加了这次数学竞赛,其中大多数 人年仅10岁。I received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多书
2. 动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的 句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语, 否则就是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与 主句的主语不一致时,就应在动词的-ing形式前 加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格 结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词 的动作执行者,分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发 出的动作。
3. 过去分词形式的独立主格过去分词形式的独立主格结构 是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主语与动词之间 为动宾关系,它是分词的动作承受者,这一结构在句中作 时间状语,原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
This done, we went home.做完这个,我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄用完后,我们 都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance.如果 给予更多的时间和金钱,我们能提前完成这个工作。
5‘独立主格有其特殊的使用场合,多用于书 面,尤其是描述性语言中,口语中不经常使 用。
Iris lay on the grassplot and her hands were crossed under her head.(口语) Iris lay on the grassplot , hands crossed under head.(书面) Iris头枕着手躺在草地上。 The boy was knocked over and blood streamed down his head.(口语) The boy was knocked over, blood streaming down head.(书面)这个男孩 被撞倒了,鲜血从头上留下来。
1.表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句
The meal over, we began to work again.(=When the meal was over,we began to work again.)吃晚饭,我们又开始 工作。The homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.(=After the homework was done, Jim decided to go and see the play.)作业做完后,Jim决定去看戏
3‘独立主格结构中的being和having been常 可以省略
All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有 的窗户开着,屋子里的空气更新鲜了。All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.所有的票都卖出去了,我 们只好等下周的演出。
独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法
概念
“独立主格结构”就是由一个相 当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓 语动词、形容词(副)词或介词 短语构成的一种独立成分。该结 构不是句子,也不是从句,所以 它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、 人称和数的变化,它与主句之间 不能通过并列连词连接,也不能 由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号 与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很 多情况下可以转化为相应的状语 从句或者其他状语形式,但很多 时候不能转化为分词形式,因为 它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主 语不一致。
非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓 语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上 的主谓关系。 1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表 示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常作原因状语,有时做条件 状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要 做,我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多 的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
【注意】 1. 当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不 可以被省略。 2. 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构在句中往往做表 语,表时间、原因、条件、 方式或伴随状况。
【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条 件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一 般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末; 表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个 并列句,通常放于句末。
3.表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句 Weather permitting, the football match will played on Wednesday.(=If weather permits, …)如果天气允许,足球比赛将在周三举行。The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.(=If the book is written in simple English, …)如果这本书用简易英语写的,它会 更畅销。 4.表方式或伴随状语或补充说明 She rushed into the room, a letter in her hand.(=…, with a letter in her hand)她手里拿着封信冲了进来。Saddie sat alone, head bent.(=…, with his head bent.)Saddie独自坐在那里,耷拉着脑袋 5.做定语,相当于一个定语从句 He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条2便没有路灯的马路上
独立主格的特点
1‘独立主格结构的逻辑主语语主句的主语不一致,她独 立存在。
Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.树叶到处飘,我一下注意到已是深秋了。(独立主格的主语 是leaves,主句是 I) Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better.时间允 许的话,回复工作可以做得更好。(独立主格的主语是Time,主句是the restoration work)
2.表原因,相当一个于原因状语从句
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. (=Because her shirt was caught on a nail,…)由于他的衬衫 挂在钉子上了,所以她动不了。The window broken, the cold wind blew into the room.(=Because the window was broken, …)由于窗户坏了,冷风吹进了这间房。