(最新)2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (模拟卷)解析版(2)
一、山东高考模拟卷试卷特点1.试题结构(含与浙江卷、全国卷的变化)听力:听力的调整比较大,孩子们的压力也会比较大一些,需要调整孩子们的心态。
整体难度来看,第一篇大约是895个词汇,第二篇大约是990的词汇量,第二篇比第一篇稍微有一些难度。
阅读理解:阅读理解调整为4篇,难度基本没有太大变化,但是阅读的分值和时间增加;完形填空:完形填空在文章长度上和分值上都有所下降,试卷整体还是弱化语法,增强对于听力、阅读和写作的考察。
语法填空:整体来说跟以前没有太大变化,还是重点考察动词、名词、形容词副词实词为主,虚词为辅。
写作:第一篇依旧延续了之前的应用文,没有太大变化,第二篇是浙江省读后续写题型的简化,降低了难度,但是整体来说对于山东省的考生还是相对比较难的题型,鉴于浙江省近四年两篇写作的平均得分是17分/40分,山东考生拿高分的比例相对比较低,反之是可以冲击高分的要点。
按秘密级事项管理★启用前山东省2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AWhy go to Madrid?There may be a slight chill (寒冷) in the air, with temperatures staying around 15℃in March, but Spain's handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events.A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain's greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundacion Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance (文艺复兴) painter EI Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24 June to 5 October.How to go?The widest range of fights is offered by EasyJet - from Bristo, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister arline Iberia combine fores from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick.Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Miniterios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city entre is €4.50. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; €5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of €30 covers most of central Madrid.1. When will the exhibition about Picasso close?A. On 23 March.B. On 11 May.C. On 24 June.D. On 5 October.1.[答案]B[解析]本题属于细节题。
考查获取事实性信息的能力。
根据第二段中一二句A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain's greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundación Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.可知展览延续到5月11日。
故B正确。
2. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid?A. EasyJet.B. Ryanair.C. Air Europa.D. British Airways.2.[答案]B[解析]本题属于细节题。
考查获取事实性信息的能力。
根据第四段第三句Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted,故B正确。
3. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport?,A. Take a taxi.B. Take a city bus.C. Take Metro line 8.D. Take the airport express bus.3.[答案]A[解析]本题属于细节题。
考查获取事实性信息的能力。
根据第五段the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Miniterios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city entre is €4.50. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; €5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of €30 covers most of central Madrid.可知出租车花费20分钟为最快的方式,故A正确。
BMy school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters (水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration (合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie (大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knew that when we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.4. What seemed to be the TV directors' initial reaction to the garden?A. They were excited.B. They were surprised.C. They were worried.D. They were uninterested.4.[答案]D[解析]本题属于推断题。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文仿真模拟卷(二)答案解析(9页)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文仿真模拟卷(二)参考答案与解析1.解析:选B。
A项,无瑕—无暇;C项,山坂(bǎn);D项,黑黪黪(cǎn)。
2.解析:选B。
B项,“绝大多数的新词”和“带有特定时代色彩的新词”是包含关系,不宜用“以及”,应为“尤其”。
故选B。
3.解析:选B。
B项,“夕阳芳草见游猪,”中逗号应放在引号外面。
故选B。
4.解析:选D。
A.成分赘余,两面对一面,“目前”与“今年”应保留其一。
“楼市回暖”改为“楼市可否回暖”。
B.成分残缺。
在“人力资源强国”后加上“迈进”一类的词语。
C.语意重复。
应删去“迫在眉睫”或“亟待解决”。
5.解析:这是一道语言运用的综合考查题,首先应浏览语段,把握主要内容,然后要注意上下文的衔接和前后的照应。
第①处,根据横线后“古人常常将桥的意象写入诗词中”,推断出此处填写表示“桥是中国诗词的一个重要意象”意思的句子。
第②处,根据横线前“古人常常将桥的意象写入诗词中”,以及横线后“‘朱雀桥边野草花,乌衣巷口夕阳斜’‘鸡声茅店月,人迹板桥霜’‘二十四桥明月夜,玉人何处教吹箫’‘驿外断桥边,寂寞开无主’……”,推断出此处填写表示“用桥作为重要意象的诗词有很多”意思的句子。
第③处,根据横线前“桥,象征着一种文化、一种生活方式。
这方面”和横线后“说到江南水乡,人们脑海里浮现出的那一幅画卷里,总会有桥”,推断出此处填写表示“最有代表性的是江南水乡”意思的句子。
答案:①桥是中国诗词的一个重要意象②这样的诗词不胜枚举③最有代表性的是江南水乡6.(1)①缩短港珠澳三地的时空距离,方便人们出行。
(交通上) ②对提升珠江三角洲地区的综合竞争力、保持港澳的长期繁荣稳定、打造粤港澳大湾区具有重要战略意义。
(经济上)③在“一国两制”框架下,三地成功创立的完整的大桥工程决策体系,对未来祖国统一复兴大业是一笔极大的财富。
(政治上)(2)三千里波涛正涌横贯港珠澳跨海长虹振国威7.解析:选B。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理综(化学部分)试题(全国卷2,参考版解析)
2020年高考新课标Ⅱ卷理综化学试题参考解析7.下列有关燃料的说法错误的是A.燃料燃烧产物CO2是温室气体之一B.化石燃料完全燃烧不会造成大气污染C.以液化石油气代替燃油可减少大气污染D.燃料不完全燃烧排放的CO是大气污染物之一【答案】B考点:考查燃料燃烧,环境污染与防治等知识。
8.下列各组中的物质均能发生加成反应的是A.乙烯和乙醇B.苯和氯乙烯C.乙酸和溴乙烷D.丙烯和丙烷【答案】B【解析】试题分析:苯和氯乙烯中均含有不饱和键,能与氢气发生加成反应,乙醇、溴乙烷和丙烷分子中均是饱和键,只能发生取代反应,不能发生加成反应,答案选B。
考点:考查有机反应类型9.a、b、c、d为短周期元素,a的原子中只有1个电子,b2-和C+离子的电子层结构相同,d与b同族。
下列叙述错误的是()A.a与其他三种元素形成的二元化合物中其化合价均为+1B.b与其他三种元素均可形成至少两种二元化合物C.c的原子半径是这些元素中最大的D.d和a形成的化合物的溶液呈弱酸性【答案】A【解析】试题分析:a的原子中只有1个电子,则a为氢元素,a、b、c、d为短周期元素,b2-和C+离子的电子层结构相同,则b为氧元素,C为Na元素,d与b同族,则d为硫元素,据此解答。
A. H与O、S形成化合物为H2O和H2S,氢元素的化合价为+1,而NaH中氢元素的化合价为-1价,A项错误;B.氧元素与其他元素能形成H2O、H2O2、SO2、SO3、Na2O、Na2O2,B项正确;C.同周期元素,从左到右原子半径逐渐减小,电子层数越多,原子半径越大,原子半径:Na>S>O>H,C项正确;D.d和a形成的化合物为H2S,硫化氢的溶液呈弱酸性,D项正确;答案选A。
考点:元素的推断,元素周期律的应用等知识10.分子式为C4H8Cl2的有机物共有(不含立体异构)A. 7种B.8种C.9种D.10种【答案】C【解析】试题分析:根据同分异构体的书写方法,一共有9种,分别为1,2-二氯丁烷;1,3-二氯丁烷;1,4-二氯丁烷;1,1-二氯丁烷;2,2-二氯丁烷;2,3-二氯丁烷;1,1-二氯-2-甲基丙烷;1,2-二氯-2-甲基丙烷;1,3-二氯-2-甲基丙烷。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山东模拟卷二)英语试题(解析版)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山东模拟卷二)英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选岀最佳选项。
AThe recent development in technology has led to better learning opportunities for students. Learning is an ongoing process, and students can have fun and learn many things on the go with these apps.Exam Vocabulary BuilderLearning new English words is not difficult anymore when you have Exam V ocabulary Builder on your smartphone. Apart from learning new words with meaning, you can also find an example of using the word in a sentence. Moreover, you can test yourself in quiz mode comprised of challenging levels.QuizletQuizlet is a simple app that allows you to learn anything, create your own study sets, and improve your class grades by studying with flashcards. It'll give you a whole new experience on how you learn things in a fun way. Next time you have a problem with learning a new chapter or topic, try Quizlet and see how things work out.Exam CountdownIf you're feeling districted (分心的)when the exams draw near, you might need Exam Countdown app. There might be a possibility that you forgot to submit your last assignment before the finals. The app acts like a scheduler where you can keep track of your assignments, exams, quizzes, and presentations.MyScript Smart NoteAren’t you quick enough to write notes in the classroom on your tablet's QWERTY keyboard? No problem, because MyScript Note is the perfect solution for you to easily take notes on your tablet. It allows you to edit your handwriting with special gestures. Moreover, you can also addpictures to the text. math equations, PDF files, or sound. It also comes with downloadable language packs.1.What do Exam V ocabulary Builder and MyScript Smart Note have in common?A.They both can be used for note taking.B.They both can be used with hand gestures.C.They both can be used to test language skills.D.They both can be used for language learning.2.Which is a good choice for better managing and organizing your routine study?A. Quizlet.B. Exam Countdown.C. MyScript Smart Note.D. Exam Vocabulary Builder.3.What's the text mainly intended to do?A.Introduce some wonderful learning methods for students.B.Provide some good learning opportunities for students.C.Introduce some useful learning apps for students.D.Promote some practical teaching apps for teachers.BThe Walt Disney Company has built a room that can wirelessly power and charge any devices inside. Wireless charging usually only works when a device is touching a power source. But researchers say they have found a way to provide wireless power and charging capability to large areas.A scientific team from Disney Research recently demonstrated the technology. Alanson Sample is the lead researcher at Disney Research. He explained the goal of the project in a video. "What we really want is a three-dimensional charging experience where you walk into your living room or office and your cellphone is charged simply by walking in.”The process uses magnetic fields to send power to specially designed receivers.Researchers built a 54-cubic-meter room in which the walls, floor and ceiling were covered with metal panels. They placed a long metal pipe in the middle of the room. Electrical currents travel up and down this pole about 1.3 million times per second. These currents also move through the ceiling, walls and floor, before flowing again up the pole. Small devices inside the pole set the level of electromagnetic waves. These waves continuously move around the room to send powerto receiving devices. The Disney researchers said repeated experiments led to successful wireless power transfers to many devices running at the same time.One of the concerns of electric fields is that they can be harmful to humans. But associate research scientist Matt Chabalko said the level of power being produced inside the room is not dangerous. “Our simulations show that we can transmit 1.9 kilowatts of power while meeting federal safety guidelines. This means it's completely safe for people to occupy this space for any amount of time."The experiments also showed that furniture inside the room was not damaged and did not block the wireless energy. One of Disney's likely uses for wireless power will be to create areas at its parks where visitors can charge their devices.4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “demonstrated" in Paragraph 2?A. Believed.B. Showed.C. Improved.D. Chose.5.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A.How a room is built for wireless charge.B.What is needed to charge wirelessly.C.What devices can be charged in the room.D.How wireless charge functions in the room.6.Why did the author mention the danger of wireless charge?A. To get rid of people's worry.B. To remind people of its existence.C. To show the way to solve it.D. To explain how harmful it is.7.What benefit might Disneyland bring to its visitors in the future?A.Visitors charge their devices cheaply.B.Visitors can stay in a safer environment.C.Their cellphones can be charged by themselves.D.The parks can brighten visitors without wires.CSchools won't resume until local authorities put the COVID-19 outbreak under control and roll out necessary containment measures on campus, a Ministry of Education official had said.Wang Dengfeng, director of the ministry's working group on epidemic control, said local authorities shall consult experts before reopening schools, and safety of the faculty membersshould be ensured.Resumption would be prioritized for the graduating classes in middle and high school, as they were supposed to sit for the high school or college entrance examination in about 80 days, he was quoted as saying by China Central Television.Wang said that the ministry is seeking advice from related departments as well as representatives of students and parents on whether to postpone the college entrance exams and the decisions will be made soon, and local authorities are entitled to decide whether to postpone the exam for high school candidates.Wang didn't rule out the possibility that school authorities could make up for the missed lessons using weekends, adding schools should decide depending on their respective situations.Colleges would be reopened later when the epidemic is securely under control, as more than 10 million college students are expected to travel across provinces and another 30 million would travel across cities for the new semester, he said.Local authorities should formulate emergency plans for potential cluster infections on campus and report to authorities higher up, he added.8.On what conditions can schools resume?A. The COVID-19 outbreak is under control.B. Necessary containment measures are rolled out.C. Safety of the faculty members is ensured.D. All of the above.9.What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 3?A. Deal with differently.B. Deal with importantly.C. Deal with firstly.D. Deal with in order.10.Which of the following is the possible way for school authorities to make up for the missedlessons?ing weekends.B.Working harder.C.Depending on respective situations.D.Seeking advice from related departments.11.What's the best title of this passage?A.Getting back to schoolB.Schools not resuming until outbreak under controlC.Postponement of the college entrance examinationD.The decision to postpone reopening schoolsDOne might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere, and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the "last paradise (天堂)on earth".However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation (开发,开采)of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism, but the people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports;the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization ;he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countrieswe all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.12.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?A. The Pacific island is a paradise.B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.C. The advertisement is not convincing.D. The advertisement is not impressive.13.The example of Nepal is used to suggest.A.its natural resources arc untouchedB.its forests are exploited for farmlandC.it develops well in health and educationD.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists14.Which of the following determines the future of tourism?A. The number of tourists.B. The improvement of services.C. The promotion of new products.D. The management of tourism.15.The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is.A. optimisticB. doubtfulC. objectiveD. negative第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分,满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)理科综合能力测试·参考答案
绝密★考试结束前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)(新课标II 卷)理科综合能力测试参考答案物理部分题号1415161718192021答案BCBBDBCABDACD22.【答案】(除标注外,每空2分)(1)A (1分)(2)6.00(1分)f (x 6-x 4)2(3)0.50(0.48~0.52)23.【答案】(除标注外,每空2分)(1)F (1分)(2)如图所示(3)2.20 4.4(4)1.7(1.5~1.9均可)24.【答案】(1)14mv 02(2)3v 0240g【解析】(1)小物块C 与A 发生碰撞粘在一起,取向右为正方向,由动量守恒定律得:mv 0=2mv (1分)解得v =12v 0;碰撞过程中系统损失的机械能为E 损=12mv 02-12(2m )v 2(2分)解得E 损=14mv 02.(2分)(2)当A 与C 上升到最大高度时,A 、B 、C 系统的速度相等;水平方向上动量守恒,取向右为正方向,根据动量守恒定律得mv 0=(m +m +3m )v 1(2分)解得v 1=15v 0(1分)A 、C 粘在一起上滑至最大高度,由能量守恒定律得2mgh =12×2m (12v 0)2-12×5m ×(15v 0)2(2分)解得h =3v 0240g (2分)25.【答案】(1)B >(2+1)mv 0qy 0(2)见解析【解析】(1)粒子在电场中做类平抛运动,则有:x =v 0t ,y 0=12at 2(1分)qE =ma ,v y =at (1分)解得:x =2y 0,v y =v 0(2分)进入磁场时的速度v =v 02+v y 2=2v 0速度与x 轴夹角的正切值tan θ=vy v 0=1,得θ=45°(2分)若粒子刚好不从y =y 0边界射出磁场,则有:qvB =mv 2r (1分)由几何关系知(1+22)r =y 0解得B =(2+1)mv 0qy 0故要使粒子不从y =y 0边界射出磁场,应满足磁感应强度B >(2+1)mv 0qy 0(2分)(2)粒子相邻两次从电场进入磁场时,沿x 轴前进的距离Δx =2x -2r ′=4y 0-2r ′(1分)其中初始位置为(2y 0,0)由r ′=mvqB 得B =2mv 0q (4y 0-Δx )(1分)又因为粒子不能射出边界:y =y 0,所以(22+1)r ′<y 0,即0<r ′<(2-2)y 0(1分)所以有(6-22)y 0<Δx <4y 0(1分)粒子通过P 点,回旋次数n =50y 0-2y 0Δx(1分)则48y 04y 0<n <48y 0(6-22)y 0,即12<n <15.1(2分)n 为整数,只能取n =13、n =14和n =15(1分)n =13时,B =13mv 02qy 0(1分)n =14时,B =7mv 02qy 0(1分)n =15时,B =5mv 02qy 0(1分)33.【答案】(1)ABC (2)①400K(或127℃)②250J【解析】(2)①气体的压强保持不变,由盖-吕萨克定律得:V T 0=V +ShT 解得:T =V +ShVT 0=400K(或127℃)②设汽缸内气体的压强为p ,选活塞为研究对象,活塞缓慢移动,受力平衡根据平衡条件得:p 0S +mg =pS 解得:p =1.1×105Pa活塞在上升h =10cm 的过程中外界对气体做功W =-Fh =-pSh =-110J电阻丝在通电10s 内产生的热量为Q =U 2Rt =360J根据热力学第一定律得:ΔU =W +Q =250J ,即气体的内能增加了250J 34.【答案】(1)ABD(2)①62②2615×10-8s 【解析】(2)①光线在BC 面上恰好发生全反射,入射角等于临界角C sin C =1n在AB 界面上发生折射,折射角θ2=90°-C由折射定律:n =sin θ1sin θ2由以上几式解得:n =62②光在此棱镜中的速度:v =cn =6×108m/s路程:s =Lsin C+R =0.8m 所以:t =s v =2615×10-8s.化学部分题号78910111213答案DBADCBA26.【答案】(除标注外,每空2分)(1)(球形)冷凝管(1分)防止乙醇挥发(2)加入沸石(或碎瓷片)(3)A(4)提高对氨基苯甲酸的转化率中和过量的硫酸和调节pH(5)(本问每空1分)检验是否漏液上层干燥(6)41.8%或0.41827.【答案】(每空2分)(1)CuFeS 2+3Fe 3++Cl -===4Fe 2++CuCl +2SFe 2+和CuCl(2)Ⅱ和Ⅳ(3)CuCl 2和NaCl(4)4CuFeS 2+4H ++17O 2=====Thibacillus ferroxidans 细菌4Cu 2++4Fe 3++8SO 2-4+2H 2O (5)125bca%大28.【答案】(除标注外,每空2分)(1)酸雨、光化学烟雾(1分,答出一点即得分)(2)bd (3)共价键SO 2+2OH -===SO 2-3+H 2O(4)-41.8kJ·mol -1(5)①降低温度②c5t③=35.【答案】(除标注外,每空2分)(1)(每空1分)(2)CO 2、N 2O 、CS 2、COS 等(任写一种即可)(1分)(1分)(3)配位键(1分)CN -能提供孤对电子,Fe 3+能接受孤对电子(或Fe 3+有空轨道)(4)C<O<N (1分)sp 2、sp 3杂化(5)2K 4[Fe(CN)6]+Cl 2===2K 3[Fe(CN)6]+2KCl (6)6(1分)288a 3N A36.【答案】(除标注外,每空2分)(1)4-甲基苯酚(或对甲基苯酚)(1分)取代反应(1分)(2)(3)酯基、(酚)羟基(4)+3NaOH ++2H 2O(5)9(6)(3分)生物部分题号123456答案D C C C D A29.(8分,除标注外,每空2分)(1)叶绿体基质(1分)18O2→H182O→C18O2→C5→含有18O的有机物(2)CO2浓度升高导致暗反应速率加快,使NADP与ADP、Pi含量增加,促进光反应,导致O2浓度升高,解除O3的抑制效果(3)用不同强度光照分别处理鱼腥藻,一段时间后提取各组鱼腥藻色素,用纸层析法分离色素,观察比较色素带的宽度和颜色深度,判断鱼腥藻叶绿素的含量(3分)30.(8分,除标注外,每空2分)(1)Na+(钠离子)(1分)(2)抑制兴奋(1分)(3)抗体、效应T细胞(4)细胞外液(或内环境)渗透压升高)(1分)脊髓排尿中枢受大脑皮层的调控,婴幼儿大脑发育尚未完善,对脊髓排尿中枢的控制作用弱,所以经常尿床(5)语言、学习、记忆、思维、对外部世界的感知、控制机体的反射活动(1分,答出2点即可)31.(11分,除标注外,每空1分)(1)种群密度垂直不能消费者可能以多种生物为食,也可能被多种生物所食(2分)(2)输入、传递、转化和散失(2分)生物群落与无机环境组成生物体的化学元素(3)直接恢复力32.(12分,除标注外,每空2分)(1)(本问每空1分)高尔基体(酪氨酸)酶流动性(2)常染色体显性(3)①不定向性(多方向性)(1分)突变基因编码的酪氨酸酶尚有部分活性②黑素体内的pH变化导致酪氨酸酶活性降低③Ⅰ代个体分别为不同类型患者(OCA1或OCA2),Ⅱ代个体均为杂合子(不存在隐性纯合基因)37.(15分,除标注外,每空2分)(1)琼脂(1分)121由一个细胞繁殖而来的肉眼可见的子细胞群体(2)①根据相对分子质量的大小分离蛋白质的方法②对比有在乙醇浓度为0.5%~4%时纤维素产量大于对照组,乙醇浓度为5%时纤维素产量小于对照组38.(15分,除标注外,每空2分)(1)引物1/4(3分)(2)DNA连接(基因)表达载体(3)脱分化(去分化)根(4)部分A基因与质粒反向连接。
【全国Ⅱ卷】(精校版)2020年全国高等学校招生模拟考试《英语》试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前2020年全国普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟试题(全国卷II)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a library.B. In a bookstore.C. In a classroom.2. How does the woman feel now?A. Relaxed.B. Excited.C. Tired.3. How much will the man pay?A. $520.B. $80.C. $100.4. What does the man tell Jane to do?A. Postpone his appointment.B. Meet Mr. Douglas.C. Return at 3 o’clock.5. Why would David quit his job?A. To go back to school.B. To start his own firm.C. To work for his friend.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2020年全国普通高考招生模拟考试(II卷)语文试题及答案解析
2020年全国普通高考招生模拟考试(II卷)语文试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读(36 分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
诗歌应有对生活现实的深切抵达中国诗歌有着悠久而深厚的现实主义传统,要求诗歌产生一定的现实功用,介入、改变外部现实,一直是中国诗歌传统中的重要组成部分,它形成了光辉而灿烂的中国诗歌文化,使诗歌不断走入人民大众的内心之中和生活之中。
近年来,诗歌中的现实书写也存在一些问题。
其中,打工诗歌、乡土诗歌、城市诗歌也是各有其问题。
“打工诗歌”写作现象将一个数量庞大的社会群体和写作群体呈现到了社会大众面前,有着重要的社会意义和文学意义。
打工诗歌的写作贴近生活、“接地气”、有真情,体现着现实主义精神,具有感动人心的力量。
但是,如果深入地、大量地阅读作品,便会发现其中有不少问题。
“打工诗歌”作品数量很多,但却大同小异,“千部一腔,千人一面”,在艺术上存在粗糙、直白、重复等问题,文学性不强。
从深层次来讲,诗首先是诗,应该用诗的方式说话,评价其成就的最终尺度只能是艺术水准和品质。
在打工诗歌的写作中,有一部分是跟风的、人云亦云的写作,所书写的现实是想象的、观念的、概念化的,而与真实、丰富、复杂的社会现实并不搭界。
乡土诗歌的写作资源是广袤的乡村。
在这个大变革的时代,农村面临着全新的机遇,也遭遇着挑战,这对于写作而言是一个千载难逢的契机。
但就现实之中的乡土诗歌创作而言,情况同样不容乐观。
乡土诗歌写作的群体很大,但写得好的、有特色的还不多。
很多诗人的观念还停留在前现代社会,一味把乡土、乡村写成桃花源、乌托邦。
个别这样的写作并无不可,但是如果风靡一时、大行其道,无疑是有问题的。
因为这样的写作,前人早已写过无数遍了,并无新意,而且现代人的生活方式、思维方式、审美方式早已发生变化,再用那种封闭、单向度的抒情方式来呈现乡村,无异于刻舟求剑甚至是掩耳盗铃。
城市诗歌的相关话题近年被广泛谈论。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (模拟卷)解析版(2)
一、山东高考模拟卷试卷特点听力:听力的调整比较大,孩子们的压力也会比较大一些,需要调整孩子们的心态。
整体难度来看,第一篇大约是895个词汇,第二篇大约是990的词汇量,第二篇比第一篇稍微有一些难度。
阅读理解:阅读理解调整为4篇,难度基本没有太大变化,但是阅读的分值和时间增加;完形填空:完形填空在文章长度上和分值上都有所下降,试卷整体还是弱化语法,增强对于听力、阅读和写作的考察。
语法填空:整体来说跟以前没有太大变化,还是重点考察动词、名词、形容词副词实词为主,虚词为辅。
写作:第一篇依旧延续了之前的应用文,没有太大变化,第二篇是浙江省读后续写题型的简化,降低了难度,但是整体来说对于山东省的考生还是相对比较难的题型,鉴于浙江省近四年两篇写作的平均得分是17分/40分,山东考生拿高分的比例相对比较低,反之是可以冲击高分的要点。
按秘密级事项管理★启用前山东省2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AWhy go to Madrid?There may be a slight chill (寒冷) in the air, with temperatures staying around 15℃ in March, but Spain's handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events.A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain's greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundacion Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance (文艺复兴) painter EI Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24 June to 5 October.How to go?The widest range of fights is offered by EasyJet - from Bristo, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. BritishAirways and its sister arline Iberia combine fores from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick.Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Miniterios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city entre is €4.50. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; €5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of €30 covers most of central Madrid.1. When will the exhibition about Picasso close?A. On 23 March.B. On 11 May.C. On 24 June.D. On 5 October.1.[答案]B[解析]本题属于细节题。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷2)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟巻)英语听力(第二次)注意事项:1. 答巻前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试巻指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答新号。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分225分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman charge the man?A. He's returned a book late.B. He's damaged a book.7. How does the man feel about the fine?A. It's acceptable.B. It's too much.C. He's lost a book.C. It's unnecessary.第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.答案是C。
B. £9.18.C. £9.15.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8. What is special about the teacups?A. They are finely decorated.B. They are sold with candies.C. They are shaped like hearts.9. Why does the man take the apple-tree-to-be gift?A. It looks attractive.B. It provides instructions.C. It will be a pleasant memory.10. How much will the man pay for the gift?A, $24.95. B. $26.99.C. $56.90.1. What is the speakers5 destination?A. The park.B. The beach.2. What is Nancy's plan for Christmas?A. To have dinner at home.B. To do volunteer work.3. What is wrong with the man's watch?A. It's fast.B. Ifs stopped.4. Where is the bookstore now?A. On Lear Road.B. On Nelson Street.5. What is the man going to do?A. Do some shopping.B. Give the woman a ride.C. The hotel.C. Ib visit some friends.C. It's slow.C. On Huntington Road.C. Make breakfast.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
2020届 全国普通高等学校招生统一模拟考试 化学卷(二)(解析版)
2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试化学卷(二)(分值:100分,建议用时:90分钟)可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 P 31 Na 23 Fe 56一、选择题(本题共15个小题,每小题3分,共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.化学与生活密切相关。
下列说法中正确的是( )A .水泥、水玻璃、水晶均属于硅酸盐产品B .防晒霜能够防止强紫外线引起皮肤中蛋白质的盐析C .利用肥皂水处理蚊虫叮咬,主要是利用肥皂水的弱碱性D .食品包装盒中的生石灰或铁粉,都可以起到抗氧化作用C [水泥、水玻璃的主要成分为硅酸盐,属于硅酸盐产品,但水晶的主要成分为二氧化硅,不属于硅酸盐,A 错误;紫外线能使蛋白质变性,不是盐析,应注意防晒,B 错误;铁在食品包装盒中起到了吸收氧气的作用即抗氧化作用,生石灰不能与氧气反应,可以作干燥剂,不能作抗氧化剂,D 错误。
]2.在化学学习与研究中,运用类推的思维方法有时会产生错误的结论,因此类推所得结论要经过实践的检验才能确定其是否正确。
下列几种类推结论中正确的是( )A .由2Cu +O 2=====△2CuO 可推出同族的硫也可发生反应Cu +S=====△CuSB .Na 能与水反应生成氢气,则K 、Ca 也能与水反应生成氢气C .Fe 3O 4可表示为FeO ·Fe 2O 3,则Pb 3O 4可表示为PbO ·Pb 2O 3D .CO 2与Na 2O 2反应只生成Na 2CO 3和O 2,则SO 2与Na 2O 2反应只生成Na 2SO 3和O 2B [S 的氧化性较弱,与Cu 反应生成Cu 2S ,正确的化学方程式为2Cu +S=====△Cu 2S ,A 项错误;Na 、K 、Ca 的化学性质比较活泼,都能与水反应生成氢气,B 项正确;Pb 的常见化合价有+2、+4,故Pb 3O 4可表示为2PbO ·PbO 2,不能表示为PbO ·Pb 2O 3,C 项错误;SO2与Na2O2发生氧化还原反应生成Na2SO4,D项错误。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考仿真模拟卷数学(二)答案
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·仿真模拟卷数学(二)一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合{}2A x x x=≤,(){}2log1B x y x ==-,则A B ⋃=()A.[)1,+∞B.[)0,∞+C.(0,1)D.[]0,1【答案】B 【解析】【分析】分别化简集合,A B ,根据并集的定义求解.【详解】{}2A x x x=≤ ∴不等式2x x ≤的解集是集合A又因为(){}21001,01x x x x x A x x ≤⇒-≤⇒≤≤∴=≤≤又(){}2log 1x y x =- ,所以满足函数()2log 1y x =-中x 的范围就是集合B所以{}1011x x B x x ->⇒>∴=>所以{}{}{}[)01100,A B x x x x x x ∞⋃=≤≤⋃>=≥=+故选:B2.已知复数()()2i 1i z a =+-为纯虚数,则实数=a ()A.12-B.23-C.2D.2-【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据复数乘法计算方法化简复数,结合纯虚数的概念求值即可.【详解】()()()2i 22i 1i i 2i 2i 2a a a a z a ==-++++---=,因为复数z 为纯虚数,所以2020a a -≠⎧⎨+=⎩,即2a =-.故选:D3.在正方形ABCD 中,M 是BC 的中点.若AC m = ,AM n = ,则BD =()A.43m n -B.43m n+ C.34m n -D.34m n+【答案】C 【解析】【分析】作图,根据图像和向量的关系,得到2()22BC AC AM m n =-=-和AB AC BC =- 222m m n n m =-+=-,进而利用BD BC CD BC AB =+=- ,可得答案.【详解】如图,AC m =,AM n =,且在正方形ABCD 中,AB DC=12AC AM MC BC -==,2()22BC AC AM m n ∴=-=- , AC AB BC =+,AB AC BC ∴=- 222m m n n m =-+=- ,∴BD BC CD BC AB =+=-= 22234m n n m m n--+=- 故选:C4.已知40.5=a ,5log 0.4b =,0.5log 0.4c =,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系是()A.b a c >>B.a c b >>C.c a b >>D.a b c>>【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用指数函数,对数函数单调性,找出中间值0,1,使其和,,a b c 比较即可.【详解】根据指数函数单调性和值域,0.5x y =在R 上递减,结合指数函数的值域可知,()()400,0.50,10.5a ∈==;根据对数函数的单调性,5log y x =在(0,)+∞上递增,则55log 0.4log 10b =<=,0.5log y x =在(0,)+∞上递减,故0.50.5log 0.4log 0.51c =>=,即10c a b >>>>,C 选项正确.故选:C5.端午佳节,人们有包粽子和吃粽子的习俗.四川流行四角状的粽子,其形状可以看成一个正四面体.广东流行粽子里放蛋黄,现需要在四角状粽子内部放入一个蛋黄,蛋黄的形状近似地看成球,当这个蛋黄的表面积是9π时,则该正四面体的高的最小值为()A.4 B.6C.8D.10【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据题意分析可知,当该正四面体的内切球的半径为32时,该正四面体的高最小,再根据该正四面体积列式可求出结果.【详解】由球的表面积为9π,可知球的半径为32,依题意可知,当该正四面体的内切球的半径为32时,该正四面体的高最小,设该正四面体的棱长为a 3a =,根据该正四面体积的可得2163334a a ⨯⨯=21334324a ⨯⨯⨯,解得a =.所以该正四面体的高的最小值为66633a =⨯=.故选:B6.现有一组数据0,l ,2,3,4,5,6,7,若将这组数据随机删去两个数,则剩下数据的平均数大于4的概率为()A.514 B.314C.27D.17【答案】D 【解析】【分析】先得到删去的两个数之和为4时,此时剩下的数据的平均数为4,从而得到要想这组数据随机删去两个数,剩下数据的平均数大于4,则删去的两个数之和要小于4,利用列举法得到其情况,结合组合知识求出这组数据随机删去两个数总共的情况,求出概率.【详解】0,l ,2,3,4,5,6,7删去的两个数之和为4时,此时剩下的数据的平均数为284482-=-,所以要想这组数据随机删去两个数,剩下数据的平均数大于4,则删去的两个数之和要小于4,有()()()()0,1,0,2,0,3,1,2四种情况符合要求,将这组数据随机删去两个数,共有28C 28=种情况所以将这组数据随机删去两个数,剩下数据的平均数大于4的概率为41287=.故选:D7.在棱长为3的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,O 为AC 与BD 的交点,P 为11AD 上一点,且112A P PD =,则过A ,P ,O 三点的平面截正方体所得截面的周长为()A. B.C.+D.+【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据正方体的性质结合条件作出过A ,P ,O 三点的平面截正方体所得截面,再求周长即得.【详解】因为112A P PD =,即11113D P A D = ,取11113D H D C =uuuu r uuuu r,连接11,,PH HC A C ,则11//HP AC ,又11//AC AC ,所以//HP AC ,所以,,,,A O C H P 共面,即过A ,P ,O 三点的正方体的截面为ACHP ,由题可知APCH ===,PH =,11A C =,所以过A ,P ,O 三点的平面截正方体所得截面的周长为+.故选:D.8.不等式15e ln 1-≥+x a xx x对任意(1,)x ∈+∞恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是()A.(,1e]-∞- B.(2,2e⎤-∞-⎦C.(,4]-∞- D.(,3]-∞-【答案】C 【解析】【分析】分离参数,将15e ln 1-≥+x a x x x 变为41e ,1ln x x xa x x---≤>,然后构造函数,即将不等式恒成立问题转化为求函数的最值问题,利用导数判断函数的单调性,求最值即可.【详解】由不等式15e ln 1-≥+x a xx x 对任意(1,)x ∈+∞恒成立,此时ln 0x >,可得41e ,1ln x x xa x x---≤>恒成立,令41e ,1ln x x x y x x ---=>,从而问题变为求函数41e ,1ln x x x y x x---=>的最小值或范围问题;令1()e x g x x -=-,则1()e 1x g x -'=-,当1x <时,1()e 10x g x -'=-<,当1x >时,1()e 10x g x -'=->,故1()e (1)0x g x x g -=-≥=,即1e x x -≥,所以4411ln 4ln 1e e e e 4ln x x x x x x x x ------=⋅=≥-,()*,当且仅当4ln 1x x -=时取等号,令()4ln 1h x x x =--,则44()1x h x x x-'=-=,当4x <时,()0h x '<,当>4x 时,()0h x '>,故min ()(4)34ln 40h x h ==-<,且当x →+∞时,()4ln 1h x x x =--也会取到正值,即4ln 1x x -=在1x >时有根,即()*等号成立,所以41e 4ln 4ln x x x x x x x---≥--=-,则41e 4ln x x xx---≥-,故4a ≤-,故选:C【点睛】本题考查了不等式的恒成立问题,解法一般是分离参数,构造函数,将恒成立问题转化为求函数最值或范围问题,解答的关键是在于将不等式或函数式进行合理的变式,这里需要根据式子的具体特点进行有针对性的变形,需要一定的技巧.二、选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得2分.9.在平面直角坐标系中,圆C 的方程为22210x y y +--=,若直线1y x =-上存在一点M ,使过点M 所作的圆的两条切线相互垂直,则点M 的纵坐标为()A.1B.C.1- D.【答案】AC 【解析】【分析】首先可根据圆的方程得出圆心与半径,然后根据题意得出点M 、圆心以及两个切点构成正方形,最后根据2MC =以及两点间距离公式即可得出结果.【详解】22210x y y +--=化为标准方程为:()2212x y +-=,圆心()0,1C ,,因为过点M 所作的圆的两条切线相互垂直,所以点M 、圆心以及两个切点构成正方形,2MC =,因为M 在直线1y x =-上,所以可设(),1M a a -,则()22224MCa a =+-=,解得:2a =或0a =,所以()2,1M 或()0,1M -,故点M 的纵坐标为1或1-.故选:AC.10.已知函数()()πsin 0,0,2f x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图所示,若将()f x 的图象向右平移()0m m >个单位长度后得到函数()()sin 2g x A x ωϕ=-的图象,则m 的值可以是()A.π4B.π3C.4π3D.9π4【答案】AD 【解析】【分析】根据函数图象可确定A 和最小正周期T ,由此可得ω,结合π26f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭可求得ϕ,从而得到()(),f x g x 的解析式,根据()()f x m g x -=可构造方程求得()ππ4m k k =-∈Z ,由此可得m 可能的取值.【详解】由图象可知:2A =,最小正周期5ππ4π126T ⎛⎫=⨯-=⎪⎝⎭,2π2T ω∴==,ππ2sin 263f ϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫∴=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()ππ2π32k k ϕ∴+=+∈Z ,解得:()π2π6k k ϕ=+∈Z ,又π2ϕ<,π6ϕ∴=,()π2sin 26f x x ⎛⎫∴=+ ⎪⎝⎭,()π2sin 23g x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,()()π2sin 226f x m x m g x ⎛⎫-=-+= ⎪⎝⎭ ,()ππ22π63m k k ∴-+=-+∈Z ,解得:()ππ4m k k =-∈Z ,当0k =时,π4m =;当2k =-时,9π4m =.故选:AD.11.大衍数列来源于《乾坤谱》中对易传“大衍之数五十”的推论,主要用于解释中国传统文化中的太极衍生原理,数列中的每一项都代表太极衍生过程.已知大衍数列{}n a 满足10a =,11,,,n n na n n a a n n +++⎧=⎨+⎩为奇数为偶数,则()A.34a =B.221n n a a n +=++C.221,,2,2n n n a n n ⎧-⎪⎪=⎨⎪⎪⎩为奇数为偶数D.数列(){}1nn a -的前2n 项和的最小值为2【答案】ACD 【解析】【分析】当2n k =时,2122k k a a k +=+,当21n k =-时,2212k k a a k -=+,联立可得21214k k a a k +--=,利用累加法可得22122k a k k +=+,从而可求得221,2,2n n n a n n ⎧-⎪⎪=⎨⎪⎪⎩为奇数为偶数,在逐项判断即可.【详解】令k *∈N 且1k ≥,当2n k =时,2122k k a a k +=+①;当21n k =-时,221212112k k k a a k a k --=+-+=+②,由①②联立得21214k k a a k +--=.所以315321214,8,,4k k a a a a a a k +--=-=-= ,累加可得()22112114844222k k k k a a a k k k+++-==+++=⨯=+ .令21k n +=(3n ≥且为奇数),得212n n a -=.当1n =时10a =满足上式,所以当n 为奇数时,212n n a -=.当n 为奇数时,()21112n nn aa n ++=++=,所以22n n a =,其中n 为偶数.所以221,2,2n n n a n n ⎧-⎪⎪=⎨⎪⎪⎩为奇数为偶数,故C 正确.所以233142a -==,故A 正确.当n 为偶数时,()22222222n nn n aa n ++-=-=+,故B 错误.因为()()222212211222n n n n a a n ----=-=,所以(){}1nna -的前2n 项和21234212nn nSa a a a a a -=-+-++-+()()121222212n n n nn +=⨯+⨯++⨯=⨯=+ ,令()1n c n n =+,因为数列{}n c 是递增数列,所以{}n c 的最小项为1122c =⨯=,故数列(){}1nna -的前2n 项和的最小值为2,故D 正确.故选:ACD.【点睛】数列求和的方法技巧(1)倒序相加:用于等差数列、与二项式系数、对称性相关联的数列的求和.(2)错位相减:用于等差数列与等比数列的积数列的求和.(3)分组求和:用于若干个等差或等比数列的和或差数列的求和.12.已知抛物线()220y px p =>的准线为:2l x =-,焦点为F ,点(),P P P x y 是抛物线上的动点,直线1l 的方程为220x y -+=,过点P 分别作PA l ⊥,垂足为A ,1PB l ⊥,垂足为B ,则()A.点F 到直线1l 的距离为655B.2p x +=C.221p px y ++的最小值为1 D.PA PB +的最小值为655【答案】ABD 【解析】【分析】对于A ,用点到直线的距离公式即可判断;对于B ,利用抛物线的定义即可判断;对于C ,利用基本不等式即可判断;对于D ,利用抛物线的定义可得到PA PB PF PB BF +=+≥,接着求出BF 的最小值即可【详解】由抛物线()220y px p =>的准线为:2l x =-可得抛物线方程为28y x =,焦点为()2,0F ,对于A ,点F 到直线1l的距离为655d ==,故A 正确;对于B ,因为(),P P P x y 在抛物线上,所以利用抛物线的定义可得2P PF x =+,即2p x +=,故B 正确;对于C ,因为(),P P P x y 在抛物线上,所以28,0p p p y x x =≥,所以211221144111818888p p p pp p p p x x x x y x x x +=+=+=+++++1788≥=,当且仅当38p x =时,取等号,故C 错误;对于D ,由抛物线的定义可得PA PF =,故PA PB PF PB BF +=+≥,当且仅当,,P B F 三点共线时,取等号,此时1BF l ⊥,由选项A 可得点F 到直线1l的距离为5d =,故PA PB +的最小值为655,故D正确,故选:ABD三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知sin 3cos 0αα+=,则tan 2α=______.【答案】34##0.75【解析】【分析】利用已知等式可求得tan α,由二倍角正切公式可求得结果.【详解】由sin 3cos 0αα+=得:sin 3cos αα=-,sin tan 3cos ααα∴==-,22tan 63tan 21tan 194ααα-∴===--.故答案为:34.14.函数()()ln 211f x x x =++-的图象在点()()0,0f 处的切线方程是______.【答案】310x y --=【解析】【分析】求导函数,可得切线斜率,求出切点坐标,运用点斜式方程,即可求出函数()f x 的图象在点()()0,0f 处的切线方程.【详解】()()ln 211f x x x =++-,∴2()121f x x '=++,则(0)213f '=+=,又()ln 201(0)011f =⨯++-=-Q ,∴切点为()0,1-,∴函数()()ln 211f x x x =++-的图象在点()0,1-处的切线方程是()130,y x +=-即310x y --=.故答案为:310x y --=.15.2名老师带着8名学生去参加数学建模比赛,先要选4人站成一排拍照,且2名老师同时参加拍照时两人不能相邻.则2名老师至少有1人参加拍照的排列方法有______种.(用数字作答)【答案】3024【解析】【分析】分两种情况讨论:①若只有1名老师参与拍照;②若2名老师都拍照.利用计数原理、插空法结合分类加法计数原理可求得结果.【详解】分以下两种情况讨论:①若只有1名老师参与拍照,则只选3名学生拍照,此时共有134284C C A 2688=种排列方法;②若2名老师都拍照,则只选2名学生拍照,先将学生排序,然后将2名老师插入2名学生所形成的空位中,此时,共有222823C A A 336=种排列方法.综上所述,共有26883363024+=种排列方法.故答案为:3024.16.已知A ,B 是双曲线22:124x y C -=上的两个动点,动点P 满足0AP AB += ,O 为坐标原点,直线OA 与直线OB 斜率之积为2,若平面内存在两定点1F 、2F ,使得12PF PF -为定值,则该定值为______.【答案】【解析】【分析】设()()1122(,),,,,P x y A x y B x y ,根据0AP AB += 得到122x x x =-,122y y y =-,根据点A ,B 在双曲线22124x y -=上则22212212416,248y x y x -=-=,代入计算得22220x y -=,根据双曲线定义即可得到12PF PF -为定值.【详解】设()()1122(,),,,,P x y A x y B x y ,则由0AP AB += ,得()()()112121,,0,0x x y y x x y y --+--=,则122x x x =-,122y y y =-,点A ,B 在双曲线22124x y -=上,222211221,12424x y x y ∴-=-=,则22212212416,248y x y x -=-=()()222212122222x y x x y y ∴-=---()()()2222121212121212828442042x x x x y y y y x x y y =+--+-=--,设,OA OB k k 分别为直线OA ,OB 的斜率,根据题意,可知2OA OBk k ⋅=,即12122y y x x ⋅=,121220y y x x ∴-=22220x y ∴-=,即2211020x y -=P ∴在双曲线2211020x y -=上,设该双曲线的左、右焦点分别为12,F F ,由双曲线定义可知||12||||PF PF -为定值,该定值为.故答案为:.四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.在ABC 中,角,,A B C 的对边分别是,,a b c ,()()()0a c a c b b a -++-=.(1)求C ;(2)若c =ABC 的面积是2,求ABC 的周长.【答案】(1)π3.(2).【解析】【分析】(1)将()()()0a c a c b b a -++-=化为222a b c ab +-=,由余弦定理即可求得角C .(2)根据三角形面积求得2ab =,再利用余弦定理求得3a b +=,即可求得答案.【小问1详解】由题意在ABC 中,()()()0a c a c b b a -++-=,即222a b c ab +-=,故2221cos 22a b c C ab +-==,由于(0,π)C ∈,所以π3C =.【小问2详解】由题意ABC 的面积是32,π3C =,即133sin ,2242ABC S ab C ab ab ===∴= ,由c =2222cos c a b ab C =+-得2223()6,3a b ab a b a b =+-=+-∴+=,故ABC 的周长为a b c ++=.18.已知数列{}n a 满足,()*1232311112222n n a a a a n n +++⋅⋅⋅+=∈N .(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若()21n n b n a =-,记n S 为数列{}n b 的前n 项和,求n S ,并证明:当2n ≥时,6n S >.【答案】(1)2nn a =(2)()12326n n S n +=-+【解析】【分析】(1)利用递推式相减得出2n n a =,并验证首项符合通项,最后得出答案;(2)错位相减法求前n 项和【小问1详解】1232311112222n n a a a a n ++++= ,①则()12312311111122222n n a a a a n n --++++=-≥ ,②①-②得11(2)2n n a n =≥,则2(2)n n a n =≥,当n =1时,由①得1112a =,∴1122a ==,∴2n n a =.【小问2详解】易得()212nn b n =-,()123123512222n n S n =⋅+⋅+∴+-⋅+ ,①()21341232522212n n S n +=⋅+⋅+⋅+∴+- ,②②-①得()()34112122222n n n S n ++=--++++- ()()21228212n n n +++=----()12326n n +=-+,故()12326n n S n +=-+,当2n ≥时,()12320n n +->6n S ∴>19.如图,四棱锥P ABCD -中,平面APD ⊥平面ABCD ,APD △为正三角形,底面ABCD 为等腰梯形,AB //CD ,224AB CD BC ===.(1)求证:BD ⊥平面APD ;(2)若点F 为线段PB 上靠近点P 的三等分点,求二面角F AD P --的大小.【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)π4【解析】【分析】(1)先用几何关系证明π3A ∠=,然后根据余弦定理求出BD ,结合勾股定理可得BD AD ⊥,最后利用面面垂直的性质定理证明;(2)过P 作PG AD ⊥,垂足为G ,结合面面垂直的性质先说明可以在G 处为原点建系,然后利用空间向量求二面角的大小.【小问1详解】取AB 中点E ,连接CE ,根据梯形性质和2AB CD =可知,CD //AE ,且CD AE =,于是四边形ADCE 为平行四边形,故2CE AD BE CB ====,则CEB 为等边三角形,故π3A CEB ∠=∠=,在ABD △中,由余弦定理,222π2cos 1648123BD AB AD AB AD =+-⨯⨯=+-=,故BD =,注意到22212416BD AD AB +=+==,由勾股定理,π2ADB ∠=,即BD AD ⊥,由平面APD ⊥平面ABCD ,平面APD 平面ABCD AD =,BD ⊂平面ABCD ,根据面面垂直的性质定理可得,BD ⊥平面APD .【小问2详解】过P 作PG AD ⊥,垂足为G ,连接EG ,由平面APD ⊥平面ABCD ,平面APD 平面ABCD AD =,PG ⊂平面PAD ,根据面面垂直的性质定理,PG ⊥平面ABCD ,APD △为正三角形,PG AD ⊥,故AG GD =(三线合一),由AE EB =和中位线性质,GE //BD ,由(1)知,BD ⊥平面APD ,故GE ⊥平面APD ,于是,,GA GE GP 两两垂直,故以G 为原点,,,GA GE GP 所在直线分别为,,x y z 轴,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系.由(1)知,BD ⊥平面APD ,又BD //y 轴,故可取(0,1,0)m =为平面APD的法向量,又P,(B -,根据题意,2BF FP = ,设(,,)F x y z,则()()1,2,,x y z x y z +-=--,解得12323,,333F ⎛- ⎝⎭,又(1,0,0)A ,(1,0,0)D -,(2,0,0)DA = ,42323,,333FA ⎛=-- ⎝⎭ ,设平面FAD 的法向量(,,)n a b c = ,由00n DA n FA ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩ ,即0423230333a a =⎧⎪⎨--=⎪⎩,于是(0,1,1)n =- 为平面FAD 的法向量,故2cos ,2m n m n m n⋅=== ,二面角大小的范围是[]0,π,结合图形可知是锐二面角,故二面角F AD P --的大小为π420.为落实体育总局和教育部发布的《关于深化体教融合,促进青少年健康发展的意见》,某校组织学生参加100米短跑训练.在某次短跑测试中,抽取100名女生作为样本,统计她们的成绩(单位:秒),整理得到如图所示的频率分布直方图(每组区间包含左端点,不包含右端点).(1)估计样本中女生短跑成绩的平均数;(同一组的数据用该组区间的中点值为代表)(2)由频率分布直方图,可以认为该校女生的短跑成绩X 服从正态分布()2,N μσ,其中μ近似为女生短跑平均成绩x ,2σ近似为样本方差2s ,经计算得,2 6.92s =,若从该校女生中随机抽取10人,记其中短跑成绩在[]12.14,22.66以外的人数为Y ,求()1P Y ≥.2.63≈,随机变量X 服从正态分布()2,N μσ,则()0.6827P X μσμσ-<≤+=,()220.9545P X μσμσ-<<+=,()330.9974P X μσμσ-<<+=,100.68270.0220≈,100.95450.6277≈,100.99740.9743≈.【答案】(1)17.4(2)0.3723【解析】【分析】(1)结合频率分布直方图中求平均数公式,即可求解.(2)根据已知条件,可知,217.4, 6.92μσ==,即可求出212.14,222.66μσμσ-=+=,结合正态分布的对称性以及二项分布的概率公式,即可求解.【小问1详解】估计样本中女生短跑成绩的平均数为:()120.02140.06160.14180.18200.05220.03240.02217.4⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=;【小问2详解】该校女生短跑成绩X 服从正态分布()17.4,6.92N ,由题可知217.4, 6.92μσ==, 2.63σ=≈,则212.14,222.66μσμσ-=+=,故该校女生短跑成绩在[]12.14,22.66以外的概率为:1(12.1422.66)10.95450.0455P X -≤≤=-=,由题意可得,~(10,0.0455)Y B ,10(1)1(0)10.954510.62770.3723P Y P Y ≥=-==-≈-=.21.已知椭圆()2222:10x y C a b a b +=>>的左焦点为F ,右顶点为A ,离心率为22,B 为椭圆C 上一动点,FAB 面积的最大值为212+.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)经过F 且不垂直于坐标轴的直线l 与C 交于M ,N 两点,x 轴上点P 满足PM PN =,若MN FP λ=,求λ的值.【答案】(1)2212x y +=;(2)λ=.【解析】【分析】(1)由题意可得22c e a ==,121()22a c b ++=,再结合222a b c =+可求出,a b ,从而可求出椭圆的方程;(2)由题意设直线MN 为1x ty =-(0t ≠),1122(,),(,)M x y N x y ,设0(,0)P x ,将直线方程代入椭圆方程中化简利用根与系数的关系,然后由PM PN =可得0212x t =-+,再根据MN FP λ=可求得结果.【小问1详解】因为椭圆的离心率为2,所以2c e a ==,因为FAB面积的最大值为12+,所以121()22a cb ++=,因为222a bc =+,所以解得1a b c ===,所以椭圆C 的方程为2212x y +=;【小问2详解】(1,0)F -,设直线MN 为1x ty =-(0t ≠),1122(,),(,)M x y N x y ,不妨设12y y >,设0(,0)P x ,由22112x ty x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩,得22(2)210t y ty +--=,则12122221,22t y y y y t t -+==++,所以12y y -==,因为PM PN =,所以2222101202()()x x y x x y -+=-+,所以222212102012220x x x x x x y y --++-=,所以12120121212()()2()()()0x x x x x x x y y y y +---+-+=,所以12120121212(11)()2()()()0ty ty ty ty x ty ty y y y y -+----+-+=,因为120y y -≠,所以12012(2)2()0t ty ty x t y y +--++=,所以20222222022t t t x t t t ⎛⎫--+= ⎪++⎝⎭,所以20222222022t x t t --+=++,解得0212x t =-+,因为MN FP λ=,所以222MN FP λ=,0λ>,所以222212120()()(1)x x y y x λ-+-=+,222212120()()(1)ty ty y y x λ-+-=+2222120(1)()(1)t y y x λ+-=+,所以22222222288(1)(1)(2)(2)t t t t t λ+++=++,化简得28λ=,解得λ=±,因为0λ>,所以λ=22.已知函数()()1ln R 1x f x x m m x -=-⋅∈+.(1)当1m =时,判断函数()f x 的单调性;(2)当1x >时,()0f x >恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围.【答案】(1)()f x 在()0,∞+上是单调递增的(2)2m ≤【解析】【分析】(1)对()f x 求导,从而确实()f x '为正及()f x 的单调性;(2)令()()()1(m )ln 1R x x x m x g =+--∈,然后分2m ≤和m>2两种情况讨论()g x 的单调性及最值,即可得答案.【小问1详解】当1m =时,()1ln 1x f x x x -=-+,定义域为()0,∞+()()()()()2222212111121x x x f x x x x x x x +-+'=-==+++,所以()0f x ¢>,所以()f x 在()0,∞+上是单调递增的.【小问2详解】当1x >时,()()1ln R 1x f x x m m x -=-⋅∈+,()0f x >等价于()()()()1ln 1g m x x x m x R =+--∈,则()0g x >,1g ()ln 1x x m x '=++-,令()1ln 1m h x x x =++-,则22111()x h x x x x-'=-=,当1x >时,()0h x '>,则()g x '在()1,+∞上是单调递增的,则()(1)2g x g m ''>=-①当2m ≤时,()0g x '>,()g x 在()1,+∞上是单调递增的,所以()(1)0g x g >=,满足题意.②当m>2时,(1)20g m '=-<,(e )e 1e 10m m m g m m --'=++-=+>,所以0(1,e )mx ∃∈,使00()g x '=,因为()g x '在()1,+∞上是单调递增的所以当0(1,)x x ∈时,()0g x '<,所以()g x 在0(1,)x 上是单调递减的,又(1)0g =,即得当0(1,)x x ∈时,()(1)0g x g <=,不满足题意.综上①②可知:实数m 的取值范围2m ≤.。
