英美文学选读-英国-浪漫主义时期-练习题汇总(选择大题)
I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.
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12.Romanticism was a literary trend prevailing in English during the period from 1798 to 1832. The Romantic writers（）.
A. paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man
B. were discontent with the development of industrialism and capitalism, and presented the social evils minutely in their works
C. took pains to portray a world of harmony and balance
D. tended to glorify Rome and advocated rational Italian and French art as superior to the native traditions
18．Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?
A．Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth
C．“Remorse ” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D．Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman
19．The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is ______________.
A．prose B．drama C．novel D．poetry 20．English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with ______.
A．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament
B．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads
C．the publication of T．S．Eliot’s The waste Land
D．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament
10．Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______________.
A．the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiences
B．the former is heavily religious but the latter secular
C．the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation
D．the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models.
8. The major British Romantic poets Blake，Wordsworth，Coleridge，Byron，Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature，which was later regarded as _____.
A. the poetic romance
B. the poetic movement
C. the poetic revolution
D. the poetic reformation
14. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT______.
A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B. Robert Southey
C. William Wordsworth
D. William Blake
20. English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s_____.1
A. Poetical Sketches
B. A Defence of Poetry
C. Lyrical Ballads
D. The Prelude
13. The Romantic period is an age of _____.
a. prose
b. drama
c. poetry
d. both a and c
14. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are _____.
a. William Wordsworth and John Keats
b. John Keats and Jane Austen
c. Jane Austen and Walter Scott
d. William
10. Which of the following descriptions of Gothic Novels is NOT correct? 6
A. It predominated in the early eighteenth century.
B. It was one phase of the Romantic movement.
C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural.
D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho and Frankenstein are typical Gothic romance.
1 William Blake
7. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.
A. William Wordsworth
B. William Blake
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D. John Keats
7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat.The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests（）.
A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically set
B. the poet’s fear of the predator
C. the analogy of the hammer and the anvil
D. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation
13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by（）.
A. William Wordsworth
B. William Blake
C. John Keats
D. Lord Gordon Byron
13.“Tiger! Tiger! Burning bright/ In the forests of the ni ght, / What immortal hand or eye / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?”(“The Tiger”by William Blake) The above lines（）.
A. describe the tiger’s fierce eyes and forceful hands at night
B. express the poet’s curiosity for the skillful creation of the tiger
C. express the poet’s surprise at the sight of the tiger’s well-proportioned body
D. express the poet’s terror at the sight of the tiger in the forest at night
5．William Blake’s central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is_______, which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference. A．youthhood B．childhood
C．happiness D．sorrow
17.The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision，” and that “The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative’’ belongs to ______.
A. William Blake
B. William Wordsworth
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D．George Gordon Byron
11. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.
A. Songs of Experience
B. Marriage of Heaven and Hell
C. Songs of Innocence
D. The Book of Los
7. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.
A. William Wordsworth
B. William Blake
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D. John Keats
22.The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION &
Vision,” and that “The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative” belongs to ______.
A. William Blake
B. William Wordsworth
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D. George Gordon Byron
15. Blake's Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.
a. misery, poverty, disease, war and repression
b. happiness and love and romantic ideals
c. misery , poverty mixed with love and happiness
d. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings
2 William W ordsworth
12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.
A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common people
B.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
C.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matter
D.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
21.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except .
[A]normal contemporary speech patterns
[B]humble and rustic life as subject matter
[C]elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
[D]intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience
10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except （）.
A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people
B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
C. the humble and rustic life as subject matter
D. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
10. A poet asserted t hat poetry originated form “emotion recollected in tranquillity”. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. Who is that poet?（）.
A. William Blake
B. Alfred Lord Tennyson
C. William Wordsworth
D. John Keats
13．The assertion that poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility”
belongs to ______.
A．William Wordsworth B．Samuel Taylor Coleridge C．Robert Southey D．William Blake
14．All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT ______.
A．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”B．“An Evening Walk”
C．“Tintern Abbey”D．“The Solitary Reaper”
10. Among the following British Romantic poets ______ is regard ed as a “worshipper of nature”.
A. William Blake
B. William Wordsworth
C. George Gordon Byron
D. John Keats
10. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.
A. “To a Skylark”
B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”
C. “An Evening Walk”
D. “My Heart Leaps Up”
12. Poetry is defined by ______ as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”.
A. William Wordsworth
B. William Blake
C. Percy Bysshe Shelley
D. Robert Southey
12. In subject matter, William Wordsworth’s poems have two concerns. One is about nature, the other is about ______.
A. French Revolution
B. literary theory
C. death
D. common life of ordinary people
18.Wordsworth’s ______ is perha ps the most anthologized poem in English literature.
A. “To a Skylark”
B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”
C. “An Evening Walk”
D. “My Heart Leaps Up”
20. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic period
were Samuel Taylor Coleridge and ______.
A. William Blake
B. William Wordsworth
C. John Keats
D. Percy Bysshe Shelley
3 Shelley
14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __.
A.J.Keats
B.W.Blake
C.W.Wordsworth
D.P.B.Shelley
7. “Drive my dead thought s over the universe
Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth.”
(Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”)
What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines?
[A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor.
[C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia.
14. Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from ______ .
A. the Bible
B. a German legend
C. a Greek play
D. One Thousand and One Nights
15.Shelley’s greatest achie vement is his four-act poetic drama ________.
A. Adonais
B. To a Skylark
C. A Song: Men of England
D. Prometheus Unbound
12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by（）.
A. J. Keats
B. W. Blake
C. W. Wordsworth
D. P. B. Shelley
12．Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama ______, which is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.
A．Adonais B．Queen Mab
C．Prometheus Unbound D．A Defence of Poetry
19.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’’ The quoted line comes from ______.
A. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind’’
B. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass
C. John Milton’s Paradise Lost D．John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”
12. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shelley’s_____.
A. “The Cloud”
B. “To a Skylark”
C. “Ode to a Nightingale”
D. “Ode to the West Wind”
2. Shelley’ s political lyrics ______ is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.
A. “Ode to Liberty”
B. “Ode to Naples”
C. “Ode to the West Wind”
D. “Men of England”
15. In ______ , Shelley created a Platonic symbol of the spirit of man, a force of
beauty and regeneration.
A. “To a Skylark”
B. “The Cloud”
C. “Ode to Liberty”
D. Adonais
4 Jane Austen
15. In the first part of the novel Pride and prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a (n) ______ of the Bennet family .
A. high opinion
B. great admiration
C. low opinion
D. erroneous view
5. Jane Austen wrote within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the social
setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the ________.
A. late 19th -century
B. 17th -century
C. 20th -century
D. late 18th -century
8.“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single?”
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”
The above dialogue must be taken from（）.
A. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
B. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights
C. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte Saga
D. George Eliot’s Middlemarch
15.“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a （）.”This quotation in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice sets the tone of the novel.
A. house
B. title
C. wife
D. fame
10．“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from ______. A．Jane Eyre B．Wuthering Heights
C．Pride and Prejudice D．Sense and Sensibility
11．Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel ,as an art of form, to its maturity.
A．Charlotte Bront?B．Jane Austen
C．Emily Bront?D．Ann Radcliffe
9. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.
A. human beings in their personal relationships
B. the love story between the rich and the poor
C. maturity achieved through the loss of illusions
D. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English
9. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.
A. love and money
B. money and social status
C. social status and marriage
D. love and marriage
5. Jan e Austen’ s practical idealism is that love should be justified by ______ and disciplined by self-control.
A. reason
B. sense
C. rationality
D. sensibility
10.Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.
A. Charlotte Bronte
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Bronte
D. Henry Fielding
12.The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is ______ toward which she holds on a
practical idealism.
A. love and money
B. marriage and money
C. love and family
D. love and marriage
13. Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the importance of ______ for woman.
A. marriage
B. physical attractiveness
C. independence and self-confidence
D. submissive character
17. Th e major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not a couple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?
A. Catherine and Heathcliff
B. Lydia and Wickham
C. Jane and Binley
D. Charlotte and Collins
18. The sentence “three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on” can best reflect the writer’s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is ______.
A. Walter Scott
B. Thomas Hardy
C. Jane Eyre
D. Jane Austen
II. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
William Blake
42. “When the stars threw down their spears,
And water’d heaven with thei r tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”
Questions：
A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken
B. Whom does the “he’’ refer to?
C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize?
42. A. “ The Tyger”, William Blake
B. The God
C. Lamb symbolizes peace and purity.
2 William W ordsworth
42. “A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye!
－Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.”
Questions:
A.Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.
B.Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.
C.What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?
42. A. The stanza is taken from “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways” written by
W. Wordsworth.
B. The flower (violet) is used as a metaphor.
C. By comparing a country girl (Lucy) to a violet, the poet intends to show her
quality of beauty and her virtue which are often neglected by the common people just like a wild flower blooming by an untrodden road.
42. “Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!”
(William Wordsworth’s sonnet: “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” September 3, 1802)
Questions:
A. What does the word “glideth” in the fourth line mean?
B. What kind of figure of speech is used by wordsworth to describe the “river”?
C. What idea does the fourth line express?
42. A. To move smoothly and quietly, as if no effort was being made.
B. Personification. Here the river is personified so that it has its own will.
C. Wordsworth emphasizes that the river runs freely ( in the early morning because there is no barges or steamers or other kind of man-made burdens imposed on it to hinder its running.)
41．“For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
they flash upon that inward eye”
Questions:
A．Identify the anthor and the title.
B．What does the phrase “inward eye” mean?
C．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.
41. A. Wordsworth; I wondered lonely as a cloud
B. human soul
C. The poet expressed his love for the daffodils.
41. “The fiver glideth at his own sweet will：
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep；
And all that mighty heart is lying still!”
(fr om William Wordsworth’s “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)
Questions：
A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted lines?
B. What does “that mighty heart’’ refer to?
C. What does the poem describe?
41. A. Personifecation
B. London
C. The poem describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.
41. Behold her, single in the field,
Y on solitary Highland lass!
Reaping and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! For the V ale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
Questions:
A. Identify the poet.
B. What’ s the rhyme scheme for the stanza?
C. What’s the theme of the poem?
41. A. William Wordsworth
B. ababccdd
C. The poet uses rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful
humanity and its radiant beauty.
3 Shelley
41. Wherefore feed and clothe and save
From the cradle to the grave
Those ungrateful drones who would
Drain your sweat- nay, drink your blood?
Questions:
A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.
B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2?
C. Whom does “drones” refer to?
41. A. From Percy Shelley’s “Men of England”
B. Metonymy
C. Here “drones” refers to the parasitic class in human society.
41. Wherefore, Bees of England, forge
Many a weapon, chain, and scourge,
That these stingless drones may spoil
The forced produce of your toil?
Questions:
A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the lines are taken.
B. What do you know about the poem’ s writing background?
C. What do you think the poet intends to say in the poem?
41. A. Percy Shelley, A Song :“Men of England”
B. The poem was written in 1819, the year of the Peterloo Massacre.
C. To call on all working people of England to rise up against their political
oppressors; to point out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. 42. “Beside a pumice isle in Baiae’s bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
Quivering within the wave’s intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
For whose path the Atlantic’s level powers”
(From Shelley’s“Ode to the West Wind”)
Questions:
A. In what form is the poem written?
B. What does the quotation “the sense faints picturin g them” mean?
C. What idea does Shelley express in this poem?（107）
42. A. The terza rima form Shelley derived from his reading of Dante.
B. Seeing the images so beautiful one feels faint to describe them.
C. He eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the
boundless freedom from reality.
III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
Chapter
46. Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of
thought. Who are the two? And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?
46. A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.
B. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.
Blake
46. B riefly introduce Blake’ s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.
46. A. Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and
innocent world, though not without its evils.
B. Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, disease, war
and repression with melancholy tone.
C. The two books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and
conclusion differ.
Shelley
45. What’ s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?
45. A. Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical
poet in the English language.
B. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically
complex, full of classical and mythological allusions.
C. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech
which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us.
IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
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49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.
49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emoticon and accuracy, and that literature, should be judged in terms of its service to humanity ,and thus,l iterary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit (usually though satire/humor), and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instructions.
b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,”and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan”),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings
and particular attitudes.
c. In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)
W ordsworth
49. Please elaborate Wordsworth’s theory of poetry, taking examples from the poems
you have learned to support your ideas.
49. A. Poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility”. (Take “I Wondered
Lonely as a Cloud” as example)
B. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of
ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. (Take “The Solitary Reaper” as example)
Jane Austen
49.In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of
marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel.
Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.
49. A. Motivation one: to pursue material interest through marriage; Wickham, Miss
Binley and Charlotte Lucas are examples of this kind.
B. Motivation two: to seek sensual pleasure and beauty; Lydia and Mr. Bennet are
examples of this kind.
C. Motivation three: to search for true love and also take personal merits and
financial positions into consideration; Elizabeth Bennet is a typical examp le of this kind.
D. Austen celebrated the third kind of motivation of marriage while criticizing the
first two wrong motivations.
49. Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.
49. A. Elizabeth is clever, alert and observant. She is more observant and less
charitable than Jane in recognizing the characters of Bingley’s sisters. She recognizes Mr. Collins’ character in his le tter and after meeting him she turns down firmly and with dignity his patronizing proposal. She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam, earning their respect and admiration.
B. Fearless and frank, not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, she
wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed. She is independent but not infallible in her judgment --- taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham. She can’t be blamed for misjudging Darcy.
C. She shows flexibility, discernment, and honesty of mind when she reads
Darcy’s defense in his letter and admits the justice of much of what he says.
Thus she begins to lose her prejudice against him. She recognizes and values true worth when she encounters it in Jane, the Gardiners, and, near the end of the novel, in Darcy. She sees more clearly than her father the danger of sending Lydia to Brighton
D. She is able to control her emotions at times of stress --- when she first
encounters Darcy at Pemberley; when she realizes that she loves Darcy and has good reason to fear that she has lost him, she waits without repining time to bring a solution. She is witty, fun-loving, recognizes humour in herself and in others, but ridiculing only folly, nonsense, and inconsistencies. She recognizes the follies of her own family and their shortcomings as well as their virtues.
E. She is considerate of others but quite capable of asserting herself when
occasion demands. She has a playful and unaffected manner, sunny disposition, natural animation, sense of fun, and sweet reasonableness. She is ready to laugh at herself and everything save “what is wise and good.” She shows a sense of humor by telling what Darcy has said about her at the Maryton ball.
浅谈浪漫主义时期的建筑与音乐
浅谈浪漫主义时期的建筑与音乐【摘要】本文主要阐述了浪漫主义时期建筑和音乐的艺术特色，文化背 景，思想根源及其和相互影响 关键字：起源，发展，艺术，联系 一、浪漫主义的由来及其思想文化 浪漫主义（英语romantic）一词源出南欧一些古罗马省府的语言和文学。这些地区的不同方言原系拉丁语和当地方言混杂而成，后来发展成罗曼系语言（the Romance languages）。浪漫主义作为欧洲文学中的一种文艺思潮，产生于十八世纪末到十九世纪初的资产阶级革命和民族解放运动高涨的年代。它在政治上反对封建专制，在艺术上与古典主义相对立，属于资本主义上升时期的一种意识形态。 法国著名浪漫主义女作家乔治·桑曾对批判现实主义大师巴尔扎克说：“你既有能力而也愿意描绘人类如你所眼见的。好的！反之，我，总觉得必要按照我希望于人类的，按照我相信人类所应当有的来描绘它。”乔治·桑的这段话表明她在创作上所遵循的是与现实主义不同的创作方法，这就是浪漫主义。浪漫主义的基本特征是理想主义，就是按照作家认为生活应当有的样式来反映生活，因而总是理想地描写对象或者描写理想化的对象。 浪漫主义由于理想性质的不同，分为积极浪漫主义和消极浪漫主义两种。积极浪漫主义的理想，是与社会发展的趋向，与人民群众的愿望和要求相一致的，因而能够激励人们改造现实，增强人们的斗争意志。高尔基说：应用浪漫主义的方法，可以美化人性，克服兽性，提高人的自尊心。屈原的《离骚》，李白的诗歌，吴承恩的《西游记》，郭沫若的《女神》，就是我国这类浪漫主义的代表作。消极浪漫主义的理想，反映的是没落阶级对现实变革与社会进步的敌视。消极浪漫主义作家总是美化和怀恋已经消逝了的社会生活与制度，妄想历史能够按照他们的愿望倒退，因而思想悲观，情绪悲哀，作品内容表现为怀旧，逃避现实，或者陷入神秘主义。在艺术上则是格调低沉，色彩灰暗，往往蒙上一层迷离恍惚、虚无缥缈的纱幕。十九世纪英国的湖畔派诗人的作品就属于这一类。 浪漫主义作为欧洲文学中的一种文艺思潮，产生于十八世纪末到十九世纪初的资产阶级革命和民族解放运动高涨的年代。它在政治上反对封建专制，在艺术上与古典主义相对立，属于资本主义上升时期的一种意识形态。 浪漫主义思潮的兴盛衰落，是由各国历史条件的特点所决定的。作为一种成型的文艺思潮，它首先产生在德国。由于当时德国容克贵族势力猖獗，资产阶级软弱无力，因而消极浪漫主义得势，积极浪漫主义发展迟缓。只有海涅登上文坛之后，积极浪漫主义在德国才有所起色。 法国的浪漫主义思潮，犹如大海的波涛，气势磅礴，蔚为壮观，来势迅猛，激烈异常。它的产生与发展是与封建贵族的复辟和资产阶级的反复辟斗争分不开的。浪漫主义首先从古典主义设置的种种障碍中冲杀出来，历经短兵相接的搏斗，一举获胜。继而在漫浪主义内部角返相争，积极浪漫主义者组织了包括批判现实主义作家在内的广泛的统一战线，打败了消极浪漫主义。在十九世纪二十年代以前，消极浪漫主义称王称霸，二十年代末到三十年代初，由于资产阶级在政治上的胜利，积极浪漫主义骤然兴起．并取得了主导的地位。 在俄国，浪漫主义的发展是较迟的。它在十九世纪初期才形成为一种流派。其中积极浪漫主义与俄国十二月党人运动紧密联系在一起，在贵族革命中起过显著的进步作用。代表作家
英国文学史习题全集(含答案)
Part One Early and Medieval English Literature Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. 1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England. A. William the Conqueror B. Julius Caesar C. Alfred the Great D. Claudius 2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ . A. Langland B. Wycliffe C. Gower D. Chaucer 3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____. A. novel B. drama C. romance D. essay 4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances. A. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B.Beowulf C. Piers the Plowman D. The Canterbury Tales 6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____. A. French B. English C. Latin D. Swedish 9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. A. loyalty B. revolt C. obedience D. mockery 11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____. A. Flanders B. France C. Italy D. Westminster Abbey 15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”. A. The Legend of Good Women B. Troilus and Criseyde C. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D. Beowulf Key to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB Ⅱ. Questions 1.What are the features of Beowulf? https://www.360docs.net/doc/b818627737.html,ment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales. Part Two The English Renaissance Ⅰ. Match the writer and his works. 1.Thomas More 2.Holinshed 3.Hakluyt 4.Richard Tottel 5.Philip Sidney 6.Walter Raleigh 3
英国浪漫主义诗人
英国浪漫主义诗人 威廉·布莱克（William Blake，1757---1827），英国第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人、版画家。主要诗作有诗集《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。早期作品简洁明快，中后期作品趋向玄妙晦涩，充满神秘色彩。 威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth,1770-1850）与柯尔律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞（Robert Southey）同被称为“湖畔派”诗人（Lake Poets）。他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。他们喜爱大自然，描写宗法制农村生活，厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，他们远离城市，隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区，由此得名“湖畔派”。华兹华斯的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》《丁登寺旁》《序曲》《革命与独立》《不朽颂》《远足》。 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（1772年10月21日－1834年7月25日），英国诗人、文评家，英国浪漫主义文学的奠基人之一。以〈古舟子咏〉(亦可称作〈古舟子之歌〉)(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)一诗成为名家，其文评集《文学传记》(Biographia Literaria)以博大精深见称，书中对想像(imagination)与幻想(fancy)的区别尤其著名。一生作诗不缀，但中年时自称弃诗从哲，精研以康德、谢林为首的德国唯心论。 罗伯特·骚塞（1774—1843）是“湖畔派”三诗人中才气较差的一位。年青时代思想激进，饱读伏尔泰、卢梭的著作，在威斯敏斯特学校学习时曾因撰文反对校方体罚学生而被开除学籍。进牛津大学后，他更醉心法国大革命，写史诗《圣女贞德》歌颂革命，后来还与柯尔律治计划在美洲的森林里建立乌托邦社会。但中年后骚塞的政治态度却变得十分保守，还热衷于趋附权贵，成了统治者的御用文人，并因此获得“桂冠诗人”的称号。1821年他以桂冠诗人身份作颂诗《审判的幻景》颂扬去世不久的英王乔治三世，攻击拜伦、雪莱等进步诗人，称他们是“恶魔派”（撒旦派）。拜伦作同名讽刺长诗一首，对乔治三世和骚塞作了尽情的揶揄奚落。 乔治·戈登·拜伦（1788—1824），是英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。其代表作品有《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》、《唐璜》等。在他的诗歌里塑造了一批“拜伦式英雄”。拜伦不仅是一位伟大的诗人，还是一个为理想战斗一生的勇士；他积极而勇敢地投身革命，参加了希腊民族解放运动，并成为领导人之一。拜伦是多产诗人。拜伦著名的诗还有《当初我们两分别》《给一位淑女》《雅典的女郎》《希腊战歌》《她走在美丽的光彩里》《我见过你哭》《我给你的项链》《写给奥古斯塔》《普罗米修斯》《锡雍的囚徒》《给托马斯·穆尔》
英国文学练习题及答案.docx
1. ____________________________________ The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is . A Robin Hood B Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C The Canterbury Tales D Beowulf 2. __ w as the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse. A The Canterbury Tales B Piers the Plowman C Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D Beowulf 3. __ w as famous for The Canterbury Tales. A Geoffrey Chaucer B John Milton C William Shakespeare D Francis Bacon 4. Most of the ballads of the 15th century focused on the legend about __ as a heroic figure. A Green Nights B Gawain C Robin Hood D Hamlet 5.In the 16th century, Thomas More's work ______ became immediately popular after its publication. A Paradise Lost B A Pleasant Satire of the Three Estates C Of Studies D Utopia 6. __ was Edmund Spencer 's masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the grea t poems in the English language. A Amoretti B The Shepherd 's Calendar C The Faerie Queene D Four Hymns 7. __ is from Shakespeare 's sonnet No.18. A “Lemt e not to the marriage of true minds ” B “Tobe or not to be: that is the question ” C “ ShallI compare thee to a summer's day” D “ Nolonger mourn for me when I am dead” 8. ___ , the “father of English poetry ”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 9. The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ___ A. Antony and Cleopatra B. Julius Caesar C Twelfth Night D King Lear 10. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare 's romantic love comedies? A Twelfth Night B The Tempest C As You Like It D The Merchant of Venice D C A C D C C A D B 1. All of the following are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England except __________ .
英国文学试题
Instructions： This examination consists of 5 parts， and the total time for the examination is 2 hours. All the answers should be entered onto the Answer Sheet. Part I：Multiple Choices （10%） Choose the best answer to the following sentences. 1.Which of the following is NOT a feature of Beowulf？ A. Alliteration B. Anglo-Saxons’ early life in England C. Germanic language D. The national epic of Anglo-Saxon people 2.English Renaissance Period was an age of. A. prose and novel B. poetry and drama C. essays and journals D. ballads and songs 3.The main literary form of the early 17th century was poetry. John Milton was acknowledged as the greatest. Besides him， there were two groups of poets. They were the Cavalier poets and. A. the lake poets B. the university wits C. the Metaphysical poets D. the Romantic poets 4. Pamela is widely considered to be the first novel and was written by ___________. A. Thomas Hardy B. James Joyce C. Samuel Richardson D. Henry Fielding 5.The publication of， which was the joint work of William Wordsworth and Samuel T. Coleridge， marked the beginning of the Romantic Age in England. A. Don Juan B. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner C. Lyrical Ballads D. Queen Mab 6.Among the most famous realistic novelists of the Victorian age are， W. M. Thackeray， Bronte sisters， etc. A. Joseph Conrad B. Henry Fielding C. Charles Dickens D. D. H. Lawrence 7.In James Joyce’s ____________ the story “Eveline” paints a portrait of a young woman from Dublin deciding whether or not to leave her hometown. A. Ulysses B. Orlando C. Dubliners D. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 8.In the 18th century England， satire was much used in writing. Literature of this age produced some excellent satirists， such as Jonathan Swift， Henry Fielding and.
英国文学习题3
Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution I.Choose the right answer. 1.The r hyme scheme of Milton’s L’Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _____. A. aabbccbbc B. abbacdccd C. abacdeec D. ababcdcdd 2. _____ , as a declar ation of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolutionary struggles. A. On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity B. Comus C. Of Reformation in England D. Areopagitica 3. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses. A. John Milton B. John Bunyan C. John Donne D. John Dryden 4. _____ expressed Donne’s own way of describing love. A. Holy Sonnets B. Witchcraft by a Picture C. The Sun Rising D. Death, Be Not Proud 5. George Herbert’s ______ is a well-known shaped poem. A. The Altar B. To His Coy Mistress C. To Daffodils D. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May 6. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry. A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Andre Marvell D. Henry Vaughan 7. Which of the following is not a Metaphysical poet? A. Richard Crashaw B. Henry Vaughan C. Andrew Marvell D. Robert Burton 8. ____is a prose poem on death and immortality. A. The Anatomy of Melancholy B. Religio Mecici C. Holy Dying D. Urn-Burial 9. Izaak Walton’s ____ is a delightful description of the English countryside and the simple and kind people. A. The Compleat Angler B. Holy Living C. To His Coy Mistress D. To Daffadils 10. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry? A. John Suckling B. Richard Lovelace C. Robert Herrick D. John Dryden 11. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19th century. A. John Dryden B. Richard Steele C. Joseph Addison D. Alexander Pope Key to the multiple choices: 1-5 CDCBA 6-11 ADDAAD
英国文学选读练习题含答案
英国文学选读练习题含 答案 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
Exercise for English Literature (2) Choose the best answer for each blank. 1.________, the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A.Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C.Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 2.Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in ________. A.Flanders B. France C.Italy D. Westminster Abbey 3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ________ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interest of the English merchants. A.Henry V B. Henry VII C.Henry VIII D. Queen Elizabeth 4.Except being a victory of England over ________, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. A.Spain B. France C.America D. Norway 5.At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ________ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society. A.Thomas More B. Thomas Marlowe C.Francis Bacon D. William Shakespear 6.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen ________. A.Mary B. Elizabeth C.William D. Victoria 7.English Renaissance Period was an age of ________. A.prose and novel B. poetry and drama C.essays and journals D. ballads and songs 8.From the following, choose the one which is not Francis Bacon’s work: ________. A.The Advancement of Learning B. The New Instrument C.Essays D. The New Atlantics E.Venus and Adonis 9.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ________. A.songs B. plays https://www.360docs.net/doc/b818627737.html,edies D. sonnets 10.The heroines of Shakespeare’s great comedies, ________ are the daughters of the Renaissance, whose images and stories will remain a legacy to readers and audiences of all time.
英国文学浪漫主义时期作家.
William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 –23 April 1850 was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth's masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi autobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded a number of times. The work was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was England's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three maen bec ame known as“Lake Poets”.骚塞,柯勒律治也居住在同一地城,三人并称为“湖畔诗人”。 Wordsworth was a defining member of the English Romantic Movement. 华兹华斯是英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表人物之一。 Like other Romantics, Wordsworth’s personality and poetry were deeply influenced by his love of nature, especially by the sights and scenes of the Lake Country, in which he spent most of his mature life. 对自然的热爱以及他大部分人生所度过的地方--湖区--的风光景色都对他的性格和作品有着深远的影响。 A profoundly earnest and sincere thinker, he displayed a high seriousness tempered with tenderness and a love of simplicity. 他是一位真挚深刻的思想者,作品在严谨中充满纯真质朴与敏感。 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云 William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云
(完整)英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案,推荐文档
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