The_Trial_That_Rocked_the_World课后答案词汇
The Trail That Rocked the World
• 1925年的炎炎夏日，“猴子审判”在戴顿 开审。各州的学者名流、新闻记者云集小 镇。人类历史上首次采用电子通讯（收音 机）现场直播审判过程。前国务卿布莱恩 亲自担任检方律师。 芝加哥著名律师师克 伦斯•达罗（Clarence Darrow）则在 ACLU的支持下为斯科普辩护。
• 审理经过：ACLU原本打算反对巴特勒法案的理 由是：“它违反了教师的个人权利和学术自由， 因此违宪。”但达罗将这一策略改变为：“圣经” 对人类起源的描述与演化论并不冲突。为了支持 这种观点，辩护方请到了八个进化专家，但除了 麦纳德· 梅特卡夫以外，法官并未允许他们出庭作 证，仅仅允许他们向法庭提交书面的证言。作为 回应，达罗尖刻地讽刺了法官劳尔斯顿，指出他 偏向于同意原告的请求，但第二天他为此做出了 道歉，以避免被裁决为蔑视法庭。[9]
• 法官劳尔斯顿被指责严重偏向控方，且经常与达 罗发生冲突。他在审判开始时引述了圣经中的创 世记和巴特勒法案。他还警告陪审团不要依照法 律的合理性来做出决定，而应关注“违反巴特勒 法案”这件事本身。审判的后期阶段，达罗在很 大程度上已经放弃了ACLU的原始策略，并开始只有到审判的最后，达罗 才回到原来的辩护，即巴特勒法案违宪。
1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田 纳西州代顿镇中学生物老师。他由于教授达尔文的 进化论而受到指控。
作为当年那次审判的当事人，他 写的本文以纪念当年的审判经过。 由于神创论的支持者把进化论歪 曲成“人是猴子变来的”，这次 审判又被人们称为“猴子审判”
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union
高英练习TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld
高英练习TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldⅠ. Word explanation1. forlornA. typicalB. unhappyC. crowdedD. simple2. ponderA. strikeB. injureC. cutD. think3. shrewdA. quickB. industrialC. suspiciousD. clever5. scorchA. touchB. burnC. toastD. baked6. prairieA. mountainB. basinC. high landD. grasslandA. stirB. flowC. spinD. move8. spectatorA. onlookerB. participatorC. oratorD. partner9. magneticA. skilfulB. attractiveC. energeticD. industrial10. exhortA. make sb. tiredB. go abroadC. adviseD. welcome11. festoonA. strideB. displayC. displayD. decorateA. explodeB. raiseC. elevateD. break13. indictA. explainB. chargeC. writeD. indicate14. anticipateA. advanceB. wait forC. foreseeD. overlook15. counselA. lawyerB. officerC. governorD. teacher16. reassureA. make sureB. confideC. comfortD. convince17. prosecuteA. performB. accuseC. predictD. defend18. sproutA. appearB. growC. developD. all the above19. ricketyA. strongB. braveC. sweatD. shaky20. swelteringA. hotB. heatC. sweatD. boiled21. nomineeA. electorB. candidateC. voterD. representative22. verdictA. punishmentB. penalC. opinionD. judgement23. hailA. acceptB. greetC. welcomeD. receive24. imageA. shapeB. likenessC. featureD. figureⅡ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Each word or expression is to be used only once.1. All his old friends will on hand be to see Jack receive theMedal of Honor.2. He resolutely adhere to what he had said at the meeting,. He wouldn't change his mind in any way.3. The biologist advanced a new theory of life.4. They blockaded the Suez Canal, which violated the international agreement.5. Once the business starts to snowball, we should be able to take on more staff.6. After the students put up Christmas decorations, the classroom took on a holiday appearance.7. The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is already under way that he wouldn't want to talk to her after their quarrel.8. The Middle East Peace Conference adjourned due to the fact that the Israeli government had just expelled 12 Palestinians.9. Friends managed to reconcile him with his wife after years of separation.10. From our house on the hillside, we can overlook the whole of the port and harbor.1.The water in this part of the river is contaminated with waste from the factory.12. The earthquake caused many building to collapse.Ⅲ.Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text, the first letter of which is given:1. She felt her confidence restored after the teacher told her she could pass the examination.reassured2. Meningitis is widespread especially during early spring.Rampant3. China Daily receives messages from all parts of the world.dispatch4. Her performance exceeded my expectations.surpassed5. Caught at the scene of the theft, the pickpocket bent low from fear at the corner. Cowered6. He criticized severely and publicly the practice of heart transplants.Denounced7. Dr. Quilty sat on the corner of his desk.Perched8. She slipped through a large crowd of people, frantically searching for David. Throngs。
高级英语10单元课文解析及课后答案
Lesson Ten The Trial That Rocked the World词汇注释：sweltering adj. being uncomfortably hot; suffering from the heat 热得难受的例：a sweltering climate 闷热的气候counsel n. a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court. 辩护律师，法律参谋例：The court heard the counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述。
silver-tongued adj. eloquent, persuasive 雄辩的，有口才的orator n. person who makes formal speeches in public; person who is good at public speaking.演说者，演说家例：a fine political orator 优秀的政治演说家nominee n.person who is nominated for an office, a position, etc. 被提名的候选人，被任命之人testify v. give evidence; declare as a witness, esp. in court 提供证据，作证例：The teacher testified to the boy’s honesty. 老师证明那孩子很老实。
/Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favour. 有两个证人的证词对她不利，另一个人的对她有利。
同义词：verify, confirm, proveverify指通过调查或者与可弄清的事实的比拟来证明某事是对的，如：The driver’s report of the accident was verified by eye-witnesses.〔这位司机的事故报告由目睹者加以证实。
thetrailthatrockedtheworld
The Trial That Rocked the WorldPart 1 General introduction1. about the author:John Scopes (1900——1970) once a school-teacher in Dayton, Tennessee. Principle of the “Monkey Trial”. Later became a geologist for an oil company.2. Backgroud:⑴For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalist(基要主义者) and the modernists(现代主义者).③⑵fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature had passed a law prohibiting the teaching of “any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible”④⑶The exits of Darwin’s evolution.⑷John Scopes taught the students evolution.3. about the affair1、Reason:John Scopes taught the students evolution which was consideredagainst the law.2、Time: July 10, 19253、Place: A court in Dayton, Tennessee.4、Conflicts:5. Result:The trail turned to be a “victorious defeat”. The verdict was guilty. John Scopes was fined 100dollars and costs. He was offered his teaching job back but he declined and he got scholarship to the University of Chicago.6. Influences:Since the trial, the schools and legislative offices of the United States have deeply affected, and the intellectual and academic freedom has grown. Based on the trial the business man made a great profit. (10, 26)the authors say the trial rocked the world⒈Hot Media attention: For the first time in history to broadcast a jury trial, More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcers.(2), and 22 telegraphers were sending out 165,000 words a day on the trial.(28)⒉Many people came to see: For fear that the old court’s floor might collapse under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed outside under the maples.(29)⒊It snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.Part 2 Details adout this passage1) Main ideaJohn Scopes was a young high-school science teacher and football coach in Dayton, a little town in Tennessee, where fundamentalism where strong .He was accused of breaking the anti-evolution law and was brought to court, because of teaching his students evolution. The renowned criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow helped him defend, and William Jennings Bryan was the leading counsel for the prosecution. Thousands of people came to visit, and a group of scientists and professors helped to testify Scope’s behalf. The trial began on July 10th, 1925, and lasted for 3 days. On the first day, the preliminary fight appears to be. On the second day, the prosecution calling witness against Scopes. Darrow and Bryan go on the heated debate. The climax of the trial is that Darrow succeeded in pointing out several serious inconsistencies in Fundamentalist beliefwhen Darrow was called as a witness for the defense. On the third day, the verdict came out and scopes was convicted and fined 100 dollars. It shows that the trial was seen as a victory for evolution.2) Style of the text①Narration:To narrate is to given an account of an event or series of events. In other words, a narrative recreates an event or gives a sense of it by helping the audience visualize the event.②Language features：Sarcasm, ridicule & ironyIrony is a subtle form of humor which involves saying things that you do not meanIf you ridicule someone or ridicule their ideas or beliefs, you make fun of them in an unkind waySarcasm is usually intended to mock or insult someone3) Rhetorical Devices①Simile（明喻）.Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.(22)Analysis: (1) 此句是一个倒装句，正确语序应为：The fierce fervour ……was gone.(2) 句中swept……like a prairie fire 为明喻，指的是布莱恩参加竞选活动时到各地巡回演讲击溃自己的对手的情景。
高级英语第一册 Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World
Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World震撼世界的审判John Scopes 约翰•司科普斯01. A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯•达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉•詹宁斯•布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
Language Points — Para. 1 (cf: 对比)1. buzz: [bʌz] a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 低语，（蜂等）嗡嗡叫2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid['tɔ:rid], sultry['sʌltri] 闷热的，热得发昏的；酷热3. counsel: ['kaunsəl] a group of one or more lawyers (barristers['bæristə]) acting for someone in a court of law律师、辩护人eg: The judge asked counsel for the defence to explain his point.法官要求律师辩解他的观点。
(完整版)TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld全文及翻译
The Trial That Rocked the WorldJohn ScopesA buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow。
Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator ， three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.A few weeks before I had been an unknown school—teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over。
Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf， were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists， led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry， son， we'll show them a few tricks，” Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary school. For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament。
Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the World
Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the WorldPara. 11. What does the first sentence tell us about the trial?2. What did the author think of the counsel for his defense and the leading counsel for the prosecution?3. What‟s the difference between …lawyer‟ and …counsel‟‟?4. According to the author, what had brought about his trial? What do you know about fundamentalist movement?Para. 21. Who had come to the little town to testify on his behalf?2. Did the trial attract a lot of public attention? How do you know?3. Notice the passive voice in “Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over”. What does it indicate?3. What is a “jury” and “a jury trial”?4. Paraphrase “ we‟ll show them a few tricks.”Para.31 .Explain the figurative meaning of “The case had erupted round my head…”2. What did the fundamentalists adhere to, or believe in?3. What about the modernists?4. What do you know about the Old Testament and Charles Darwin?Para.4,5.6.7,& 81. What does the state legislature refer to?2. What law had been passed in Tennessee?3. Generalize the direct reason for the trial.4. Explain “and test the legality of it”Para.91. What does the word “indict” mean?2. Identify the figure used in the first sentence and explain it in non-figurative language.3. What was ACLU‟s announcement? What is implied in the announcement?4. What does the word “ironically” mean here?5. What did the author think of Bryan?Para.101. On the day of the trial, what kind of atmosphere did the town have?2. How did the townspeople make use of the trial?3. How do you understand the phrase "sprout out"?4.Why did the fundamentalists come to the town?5. What does “infidel outsiders” refer to?6. What do you know about John Butler?7. What does the last sentence imply about Butler?Para.111.What can you tell about the presiding judge judging by his pronunciation?2.How does the author describe the counsel for prosecution and his counsel?3. What did John Butler’s personal background and the presiding judge’s pronunciation indicate about the counsel for the prosecution? What did the different religious backgrounds of the counsel for the defense reveal?4.What is an agnostic?Para.121.How did the trial start? And what could be anticipated about the trial from the very beginning?2.How was the jury made up?3.Why did the author’s father growl, "That’s one hell of a jury"?Para.131.What does the word "spar"mean?2.How did Darrow open his statement? What was his voice like?3. Paraphrase “He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination”.Para.141.What is a baking court?2.Explain Darrow‟s statement.3.Identify the figures in “we are marching backward to the glorious age of sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men…”4.Give an example that scientists were persecuted during the dark age of 16th century.Para.15.&161.How did a woman respond to Darrow‟s statement? Why?2.How did his pupils testify in the court?3.What does the word "contaminated" mean here?、Para.17,18 &191.What is implied in “There is some doubt about that.”And what figure is used?2.How did Darrow feel when he said this?Para.201.How did Bryan address the jury?2.Identify the figure embedded in “The Christian believes that man came from above. The revolutionist believes he must have come from below.”(notice the verb tense)3.Explain “Bryan warmed to his work”.Para.211.What was Bryans voice like?2.What, according to Bryan, did the experts who come hundreds of miles to testify?3.What does the phrase “reconcile…with”mean?4.How did Bryan think of human being‟s origin?Para.221.How did Bryan feel about his own speech?2.What was the audience‟s reaction?3.Do you know the meaning of “Amen”?4.Identify the figure in “Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire”, and explain it in non-figurative language.5. Identify the figure in “The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have.”and explain it in plain language.Para.231. Did Malone consider Bryan a devoted server to God or a devoted politician?2.What did Malone appeal for or request?3.What did Malone accuse Bryan of?4.Paraphrase “Bryan calling for a duel to the death between science and religion”.5.What does “grew in volume”mean?Para.241.What did Malone think of truth?2.Generalize Malone’s attitude towards religion and science.Para.251.How was Malone‟s speech received?2.Why there was a “momentary hush”?3.What does the “oratorical duel”refer to?4.How did the judge respond to Malone‟s speech?Para.261.What does the word "adjourned" mean?2.What does the phrase "swarming with" mean?3.What is a hawker?4.Identify and explain the figure in “Darwin is inside.”5.What is an entrepreneur?6.Explain the last sentence.Para.27,28 &291.Explain the reporter’s words "The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, afraid of it might be true."2.What does “sulphurous dispatches ”mean ?3.Why there was talk of running Mencken out of town?4.Why was the trial resumed outside the court room ?Para.301.Identify the figure in “Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defense.”, and explain it in plain language.2.Identify the figure in the last sentence.Para.311.Did Bryan understand Darrow‟s tricks by challenging him as a witness?2.How did Bryan meet the challenge?3.Identify the figure in the last sentence and explain it in plain language.Para.321.How did Darrow question Bryan?2.How do you think Bryan reply his questions?3.How did the crowd react to Bryan‟s replies?Para.33,34,35,36,37,&381.Why did Bryan mop his bald dome in silence?2.Explain “in the affirmative”.Para.39,401.How to address the judge when speaking to him in the court?2.Explain" using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him"Para.41 &421.What can we infer about Darrow‟s attitude towards religion from his words "I am examining you on your fool ideas…"?2.What is a gavel?3.Paraphrase "The judge used a gavel to quell the hubbub and adjourned court until next day.”Para.43 &441.Paraphrase "Bryan stood forlornly alone”.2.How did the author feel when spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow’s hands?3.What does the “old warrior”refer to?4.What was the verdict?Para.451.How did Malone call the author’s conviction?2.What figure is used in “victorious defeat”?3.What does the “faded champion”refer to?4.What happened to Bryan after the trial?Para.461.What happened to John Scopes after the trial?Para.47 &481.When the author visited the little town again 37 years after the trial, what changes did he find?2.Why do you think a William Bryan University set up there?3.Identify the figure in “The oratorical storm that…has grown with the passing years.”, and explain the sentence.4. What was the influence of the trial?。
The Trial That Rocked the World
Pun
A. Homophones(同音异义词), i.e., words (or phrases) that have the same or almost the same sound, but different form and meanings
(谐音双关)
- Seven days without water make one weak.
- What weather do the mice dislike? - When it rains cats and dogs.
---Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers?
the second day of the trial
Paras 26-28: outside the court while adjourning Paras 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trial
Brief generalization Two my pupils On theof first day, While adjourning, Darrow sprang his The jurymen retired "Monkey trial" is a testified against me. DD a op w m a d and whispered for just a y t o nbetween ’ sc s t e ee ts t rr ur m a rr d b y clash Bryan rose to address nine minutes and the opening statement, s w a r m i n g w i th calling Bryan as a modernism and the jury. Malone verdict was guilty. bstrangers. u t a w o m a n Mencken w i t n e s s f o r o tf he fundamentalism, popped up to reply. I was fined 100 fw u n dt a e nAnd t a ur l ihad s r o em s ulph om us defense. more Although Malone evolution and dollars and costs. c a religion le h me a. won oratorical duel d il the s pd a t ci h s people realized how in the legal the judge dwith a Bryan, m d 2 2 te l e gn r a pe h is ts ridiculous of Bryan history, which has ruled in fspecial id e l . against THE END . sent out 165,000 and fundamentalism significance. permitting the Trial Monkey w ocr d si revealed a d ythe .) ( l it mtestify a ax And scientists to shortcomings of for the defense American judiciary
Lesson 4--The Trial That Rocked the World
John Thomas Scopes
The fledgling American Civil Liberties Union wanted to challenge the law's constitutionality and chose to test it with the trial of John Scopes, a young high-school math and gym teacher who briefly taught Darwinism as a substitute biology teacher. The quiet procedural matter exploded into a media carnival when two great lawyers arrived to (John Scopes) argue the case.
Religious debate
The most contentious debates over evolution have involved religion. From Darwin’s day to the present, members of some religious faiths have perceived the scientific theory of evolution to be in direct and objectionable conflict with religious doctrine regarding the creation of the world.
The court refused to consider the validity of the law. Instead, it asked the jury to determine only whether Scopes had violated that law. The trial involved several distinguished lawyers, including: Defense Counsel (辩护律师): Clarence Darrow, one of America's leading criminal lawyers. Prosecutor: former U.S. secretary of state，threetime presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan
[文学]the trial that rocked the world_OK
e.g. Five men were caught at the scene and indicted. cf: accuse, charge, blame and indict
One accuses sb. of cheating. One charges sb. with cheating. One blames sb. for the failure snowball: to increase in scale
trial
Para. 3-8
Para. 9 when I was indicted on May 7. (L.40)
Para. 10 the trial began (L.50)
Para. 11 The presiding judge …(L.60)
Bryan…was assisted in his prosecution by his son and Tennessee’s attorney-general (L.62)
flashback--- how come the trial
Para. 9 when I was indicted on May 7. (L.40)
5
Para.3-8 Flashback
• The case had erupted round my head not long after… (synecdoche)
Para. 44. The jury were asked to consider their verdict… the jurymen retired … the verdict was guilty… I was fined
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词汇(Vocabulary) sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- erupt ( v．) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prohibit ( v．) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- indict ( v．) :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告， 控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prosecute (v．) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- festoon ( v．) :adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sprout (v．) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- exhort ( v．) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc．规劝，劝告，劝戒 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- paunchy ( adj. ) :[derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- attorney ( n.) :．any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- shrewd ( adj.) :keen—witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc．)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- steep ( v．) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- growl (v．) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争论；争吵 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- drawl ( v．) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)