2021年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题合用招生专业：全校考生答题须知 1．所有题目（涉及填空、选取、图表等类型题目）答题答案必要做在考点发给答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。 2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩，后果由考生自己负责。 3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其他笔答题不给分。 4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具备明显标记涂改用品。

Part II Structure and Vocabulary ( 15 points ) Directions：In this part，there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A，B，C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.

1. It is rather ______ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today. A. misleading B. boring C. embarrassing D. demanding 2. Although not an economist himself，Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s ______ policies. A. economical B. economic C. economy D. economics 3. At three thousand feet，wide plains begin to appear，and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______. A. on view B. at a glance C. on the scene D. in sight 4. Being impatient is ______ with being a good teacher. A. intrinsic B. ingenious C. incompatible D. inherent 5. She was so ______ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated 6. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ______. A. cut him short B. gave him up C. turned him out D. put him through 7. When Jack was eighteen he ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. A. took to B. took up C. took for D. took on 8. You see the lightning ______ it happens，but you hear the thunder later. A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant 9. It is said that the math teacher seems ______ towards bright students. A. preferable B. partial C. beneficial D. liable 10. It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ______. A. concession B. submission C. transmission D. recession 11. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and ______. A. vivacious B. perilous C. introverted D. lucrative 12. Benjamin Franklin，tactless in his youth，became so diplomatic，so ______ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France. A. shrewd B. foxy C. considerate D. adroit

昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题 13. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ______ every cheat in the marketplace. A. in lieu of B. for the price of C. by courtesy of D. at the mercy of 14. Reporters and photographers alike took great ______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview. A. annoyance B. resentment C. offence D. irritation 15. If you work under a car when repairing it，you often get very ______. A. waxy B. sticky C. slippery D. greasy

Part III. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points ) Directions：There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916)，a Czech-born Austrian physicist，who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound，it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound，its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1，for example，Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as "the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered." When a plane passes the sound barrier—flying faster than sound travels—listeners in the area hear thunderclaps，but the pilot of the plane does not hear them. Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules— somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it. The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate波动 per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves，the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase，the sound is higher in pitch. Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second，or more than about 20,000 vibrations per second—although this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic. Intensity，or loudness，is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear. The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air，and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air，it does a mile under water in 1 second，and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second；ice-cold water，4,938；granite，12,960；hardwood，12,620；brick，11,960；glass，16,410 to 19,690；silver，8,658；gold，5,717.

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2023年南京大学博士生英语入学考试试题

2023年南京大学博士生英语入学考试试题阅读理解1. 阅读以下短文，并回答问题：Passage 1:Passage 2:The Great Wall is a UNESCO World Heritage site in China. It is a symbol of China's rich history and a popular tourist attraction. It stretches over 13,000 miles and was built to protect China from invasions. The construction of the Great Wall started in the 7th century BC and continued until the 16th century AD.Questions:a) Where is Apple Inc. headquartered?b) Who founded Apple Inc.?c) What are some of Apple's famous products?d) Why was the Great Wall of China built?e) When did the construction of the Great Wall start and end? Sample Answers:a) Cupertino, California.b) Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne.d) To protect China from invasions.e) 7th century BC to 16th century AD.2. 阅读以下短文，并根据短文内容判断正误。

正确的写"True"，错误的写"False"。

广东：华南师范大学2021年博士生招生考试外国语题型

考博导语?无忧考网从华南师范大学研究生招生信息网获悉华南师范大学2021年博士生招生考试外国语题型已公布具体详情如下
【导语】无忧考从华南师范大学研究生招生信息获悉，华南师范大学2021年博士生招生考试外国语题型已公布，具体详情如下：
一、英语（1001和1008） 1.词汇 2.语法 3.阅读理解 4.翻译 5.写作二、小语种（一）日语（1003） 1.汉字写假名 2.假名写汉字 3.单项选择题 4.阅读理解 5.翻译 6.写作（二）法语（1004）和韩语（1009） 1.单项选择题
2.阅读理解 3.完形填空 4.翻译 5.写作另：请考生参加考试时使用黑色签字笔作答，无需携带2B铅笔，2B铅笔

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Mid-South University PhD English Exam InstructionsPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.(1) The benefits of exercise on physical health arewell-documented, but recent studies have explored the connection between physical activity and mental health. Scientists have found that regular exercise can have a positive impact on mood, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. One study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that individuals who engaged in at least 30 minutes of physical activity three times a week were less likely to report feelings of depression.(2) The reason behind this connection lies in the release of endorphins, chemicals in the brain that act as natural painkillers and mood elevators. Exercise has been shown to increase endorphin levels, leading to feelings of happiness and well-being.Additionally, physical activity can help decrease stress hormones in the body, further contributing to improved mental health.(3) In addition to the chemical changes that occur in the brain, exercise also provides individuals with a sense of accomplishment and control. Setting and achieving fitness goals can boost self-esteem and confidence, while the routine of exercise can provide structure and stability during challenging times.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How does exercise benefit mental health?3. How do endorphins contribute to feelings of happiness?4. What role does setting and achieving fitness goals play in mental health?Part II: Essay WritingChoose one of the following topics and write an essay of at least 300 words.1. The importance of preserving the environment for future generations.2. The impact of technology on communication and relationships.3. The benefits of multiculturalism in society.Part III: Grammar and VocabularyComplete the following sentences with the correct verb tense or vocabulary word.1. I (to study) English for five years.2. The students (not, finish) their assignment yet.3. The new law (to take) effect next month.4. I can't find my keys. I think I (to lose) them.5. The restaurant has a great (variety/variation) of dishes on the menu.Good luck on your exam!篇2Unfortunately, I do not have access to specific exam questions such as the one you have requested. However, I can provide you with a general idea of what a typical Ph.D. English exam at Central South University might look like.The Ph.D. English exam at Central South University is designed to assess a candidate's proficiency in English and their ability to conduct academic research. The exam typically consists of several sections, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking.The listening section of the exam may involve listening to lectures or conversations and answering comprehension questions based on the material heard. This section is designed to test the candidate's ability to understand spoken English and their listening skills.The reading section of the exam often includes academic articles or passages related to the candidate's field of study. Candidates are required to read the material carefully and answer questions that test their comprehension and critical thinking skills.The writing section of the exam usually requires candidates to write an essay or a research paper on a given topic. This section assesses the candidate's ability to write clearly and coherently, as well as their ability to present and support arguments effectively.The speaking section of the exam typically involves aface-to-face interview with examiners. Candidates may be askedto discuss their research interests, present their findings, or respond to questions related to their field of study. This section tests the candidate's ability to communicate orally in English and to engage in academic discussions.Overall, the Ph.D. English exam at Central South University aims to evaluate a candidate's English language proficiency, academic writing skills, research abilities, and communication skills. Candidates who perform well on the exam demonstrate that they are capable of conducting research and communicating effectively in an academic setting.篇3The Ph.D. entrance exam for international students at Central South University (CSU) is a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of their English language proficiency, academic aptitude, and research potential. The exam is designed to evaluate the applicants' ability to understand and communicate in English, as well as their capacity to engage in advanced research and scholarly activities.The exam consists of three parts: reading comprehension, writing, and speaking. The reading comprehension section includes a series of passages on various topics, such as science,technology, social sciences, and humanities. Applicants are required to read the passages carefully and answer questions based on the content and context of the texts.In the writing section, applicants are asked to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame. The topics cover a wide range of disciplines and require critical thinking, analysis, and argumentation. The essays are evaluated based on the applicants' ability to develop ideas, present arguments coherently, and support their claims with evidence.The speaking section assesses the applicants' ability to communicate effectively in English. Applicants are required to participate in a conversation with the examiners, discuss a topic, and respond to questions. The examiners evaluate the applicants' fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.Overall, the Ph.D. entrance exam at CSU is a challenging test that requires thorough preparation and a high level of proficiency in English. Applicants are advised to familiarize themselves with the exam format, practice reading, writing, and speaking in English, and seek feedback from teachers or language experts to improve their skills.In conclusion, the Ph.D. entrance exam for international students at Central South University is an important step in theadmissions process and a key determinant of the applicants' readiness for advanced study and research. Successful performance on the exam demonstrates the applicants' ability to succeed in the Ph.D. program and contribute to the academic community at CSU.。

2021年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案

2021年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案2021年研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury. A compose B overthrow C dispose D surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test. A participate in B cater to C indulge in D see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast. A astonishing B humiliating C noticeable D fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results. A specific=definite B active C creative D confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff. A proficiency B grasp C efficiency D competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports. A set apart B leave out C go about D put up Section B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thought about now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group. A identification B specification C introduction D superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one with the Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____ A mobility B morality C maturity D mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved. A impulsive B responsive C destructive D speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals. A resided B inhabited C segregated D exhibited38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____ A reserves B preservatives C conservatives D reservations.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s step-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident. A ecological B psychological C physiological D biological Part III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes adifference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44 color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green tea s have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea contain only about half as muchcaffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects. 41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits 42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition 44.A as well asB as it isC as far asD as it were 45. Afaint B mild C tender D gentle 46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in 47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of 48. A less B the least C more D the most 49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly 50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms of Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each) Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted bywell-meaning friends and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the internationaltrend towards living alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families ---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And thereis worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing systemjust for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency of resource consumption” is a lot higherin households of two people or more, simply because they share everything.Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, itis not just your mother who is a bitworried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble isthat society has a group instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “standard” offamily and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having a “green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV series Friends. And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own is not allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who livealone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they shouldlive together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’s life-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longer than before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledomis _________ A harmful to people’s life. B destructive to our ecosystem. C dangerous to plants and animals. D unworkable in our society 54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____ A abnormal B diversified C unimaginable D disgusting 56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV series Friends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big issue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had beco me blind from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of having the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selection led them to Virginia, U.S., where anew sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now they will try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2021 in California marked the company’s first expansion. “We believethe number of people who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the company’s clinicaldirector.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especiallyfor the majority of families who use the technique for nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because they might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.59. Which of the following is the author’s primary concern regarding the application of the new technology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population 60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnant with boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who want to have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced 62. We can infer from this passage that the newtechnology_________ A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales butthese too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sellthe lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certainmaterial which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employeesbusy during slack period. He is likely to have a good many “seconds”available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the “second” should beclearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. The term“substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect than “seconds.” More serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of thisand all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district theday after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left” when in fa ct they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at half-price” when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” were necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goods Dexceptionally valued goods 65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods. 66. The passage suggests that“seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods withs erious defects 67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____ A dressing again B change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same productat different prices. 68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attentionto the price. Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotional problems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat by the use of anti-depressants but he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merely that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in the case of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but theuneasiness of doctor who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matterof weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better whenthe patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. Itdoes not solve the problem of those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc. are due to “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug. Once againthe symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself. It may be trueto say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is serious indeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually haveharmful side effects. C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes. 70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___ A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that allof the drugs have harmful side effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can donothing if the patient is in a depressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____ A are at a loss for treatment. B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms. 73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels____ A concerned B hopeless C surprised D disappointed Passage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Their pledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if thereforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Riskto cast such a dim light on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morris seems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) andother investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulatinginterest rates, reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morris draws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant inall the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “too k the S&L crisis of the 1980s to bring honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real estate and foreign loans that regulators began to enforcestrict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案

2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 ,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective. 1. [A] therefore [B] however [C] again [D] moreover2. [A] Emphasize[B] Identify [C] Assess [D] Explain3. [A] nearly [B] curiously [C] eagerly [D] quickly4. [A] claim [B] prove [C] check[D] recall5. [A] threatened [B] ignored[C] mocked [D] blamed6. [A] punctuality[B] hospitality [C] competition [D] innovation7. [A] Yes [B] So[C] Besides [D] Still8. [A] hired [B] trained [C] rewarded[D] grouped9. [A] only [B] rather [C] once [D] also10. [A] comfort [B] revenue[C] efficiency [D] security11. [A] friendly [B] quiet [C] cautious[D] diligent12. [A] purpose [B] problem[C] prejudice [D] policy13. [A] reported [B] revealed [C] admitted [D] noticed14. [A] break [B] trip[C] departure [D] transfer15. [A] moral [B] background[C] style [D] form16. [A] interpret [B] criticize [C] sacrifice[D] tolerate17. [A] task [B] secret [C] product [D] cast18. [A] leading to [B] calling for [C] relating to[D] accounting for19. [A] specify[B] predict [C] restore [D] create20. [A] modify [B] review [C] present [D] achieveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1“Reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the “core skills” within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skill are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with afire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy. Though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best. And have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers. Even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 percent and 5.5 P.C. respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the U.S. were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 P.C. and 13.7 percent, and although may worker shortages, has disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example. The pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages, of doctors, nurse and other medical personnel.Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor. In a few weeks. But even if you cannot close the gap, maybe you can close others and doing so would be to the benefit of all concern. That seems to be the case in Sweden: when forced to furlough 90 P.C. of their cabin staff. Scandinavian Airline decided to start up a short retaining program that res killed the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggests .[A] an increase in full-time employment[B]an urgent demand for new job skills[C] a steady growth of job opportunities[D]a controversy re about the “core skills”22.AT&T is cited to show .[A]an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy[B]an immediate need for government support[C]the importance of staff appraisal standards[D]the characteristics of res-killing programs23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada .[A]have driven up labour costs[B]have proved to be inconsistent[C]have met with fierce opposition[D]have appeared to be insufficient24.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was .[A]a call for policy adjustment[B]a change in hiring practices[C]a lack of medical workers[D]a sign of economic recovery25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to .[A]create job vacancies for the unemployed[B]prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs[C]retrain their cabin staff for better services[D]finance their staff’s college educationText 2With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: Brexit.Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almostthree-quarters in the late 1980s. A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industr y, political sovereignty and even the nation’s health. Sounds great — but how feasible is this vision？According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds，UK，85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much moreself-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively — meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.But switching to a mainly plant-based die t wouldn’t help. There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis. Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable forcrop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg — which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes — we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production.Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would .[A]be hindered by its population growth[B]contribute to the nations well-being[C]become a priority of the government[D]post a challenge to its farming industry27.The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK .[A]farmland has been inefficiently utilised[B]factory style production needs reforming[C]most land is used for meat and dairy production[D]more green fields will be converted for farming28.Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to .[A]its farming technology[B]its dietary tradition[C]its natural conditions[D]its commercial interests29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people .[A]rely largely on imports for fresh produce[B]enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption[C]are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake[D]are trying to grow new varieties of grains30.The author’s attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is .[A]defensive[B]doubtful[C]tolerant[D]optimisticText 3When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for “productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world. Both apps, however, were later scrapped after Microsoft said it had used their best features inits own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their great hunger for tech talent.To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunder list and Sunrise are exa mples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. “They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained Paul Amold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined to comment.Like other start-up investors, Mr Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “I think these t hings are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, the request hasraised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5 trillion, rifling through such small deals — many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise — might seem beside the point. Between them, the five biggest tech companies have spent an average of only $3.4 billion a year on sub-$1 billion acquisitions over the past five years —a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130 billion of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply close them down.31.What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?A.Their engineers were retained.B.Their market values declined.C.Their tech features improved.D.Their products were re-priced.32.Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to .A.exaggerate their product qualityB.eliminate their potential competitorsC.treat new tech talent unfairlyD.ignore public opinions33.Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might .A.weaken big tech companiesB.worsen market competitionC.harm the national economyD.discourage start-up investors34.The US Federal Trade Commission intends to .A.limit Big Tech’s expansionB.encourage research collaborationC.examine small acquisitionsD.supervise start-ups’ operations35.For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisitions have .A.brought little financial pressureB.raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD.generated considerable profitsText 4We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she called “thin slicing,” the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students’end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we’re better at detecting deception from thin slices when we rely on in tuition instead of reflection. “It’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can’t remember what you’re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you’re fine. Much of our social life is like that.”Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. College students’ ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’ opinions when the students weren’t asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather thanon details, but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of information to process. Intuition’s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “hunches,” “my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36.Nalini Ambady’s study deals with .[A]the power of people’s memory[B]the reliability of first impressions[C]instructor- student interaction[D]people’s ability to influence others37.In Ambady’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants .[A]focused on specific details[B]gave the rating in limited time[C]watched shorter video clips[D]discussed with one another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to show that .[A]reflection can be distracting[B]memory may be selective[C]social skills must be cultivated[D]deception is difficult to detect39.When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to .[A]collect enough data[B]list your preferences[C]seek expert advice[D]follow your feelings40.What can we learn from the last paragraph？[A]Generating new products takes time[B]Intuition may affect reflective tasks[C]Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity[D]Objective thinking may boost intuitivenessPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do ned to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Stay calm.B.Stay humble.C.Decide whether to wait.D.Be realistic about the risks.E.Don’t make judgements.F.Identify a shared goal.G.Ask permission to disagree.How to disagree with someone more powerful than youYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic. What do you see when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should y ou say? Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you. 41. CYou may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree, too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking —all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’s also a g ood idea to delay the conversation if you are in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.42. FBefore you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about — it maybe the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.43. GThis step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give the power ful person psychological safety and control. You can see something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won’t work. I’d like to layout my reasoning. Would that be OK?” This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally opt in.And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.44. AYou might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what signals to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky, we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even 英语（二）试题第9页（共10 页）tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.45. BEmphasize that you’re only offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be awell-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’s still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying, “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.” Having asserted your opinion (as a position, not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Section III Translation46.Directions：Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter, and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging t hat we didn’t expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.我们经常认为朋友和家庭成员是我们交流、大笑和温暖的最主要来源。

最新大学考试复习资料-2021年研究生学位英语统考真题

2021年学位课统考真题(A卷)Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1. A Beauty has advantages and disadvantages.B. Beauty has different meanings to different people.C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities.D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities.2. A. She is using the book now.B. She may give him a hand.C. She can’t lend him the book.D. She will keep the book for him.3. A Rachel lives fairly close to her.B Rachel visits her quite often.C Rachel comes here once a month.D Rachel rarely gets to see her.4. A She forgot about the time change.B She didn’t receive the text messageC Her roommate forgot to give her the message.D Her roommate was too nervous to tell her.5. A He should have got better grades.B The test was based on lecture material.C She misplaced her textbook.D Small luck plays a big role.6. A On the 16th of June.B. On the 18th of June.C On the 9th of June.D On the 8th of June.7. A. Go to sleep.B. Watch the movie later.C Change the channel.D Set the alarm clock.8. A Wear a formal suit.B Wear casual clothes.C Dress up for the party.D Dress in a costume.9. A. She likes to drink coffee.B She rarely wakes up early.C She needs tea to feel alert.D She always skips breakfast.Section BMini-talk One10. A Southern Europe.B United Arab EmiratesC. North Africa.D. The United States.11. A The wings B The tail C The windowsD The engines12. A To change the airplane industryB To make a trip in a tiny plane.C. To overcome weather issues.D To prove the power of new energy sources.Mini-talk Two13. A Feeling sleepy at work.B Feeling sad or depressedC Feeling unable to think clearly.D Feeling tired in the morning.14. A Time zone change.B An extra hour of sleepC Travel by air far distancesD Unmatched work schedule and lifestyle15. A Nighttime work is hard on some of the workers.B Early risers have litter improvement in wellbeing.C A better rest can benefit employers financially.D Workers report the same level of improvement.Section C16. Choose clothing that fits the employer’s ______(2 words) and keep yourself clean and tidy.17. Leave your house in _____(3 words) to arrive at least 15 minutes early for your interview.18. Firmly ____(2 words) , right hand only, even if you’re left-handed.19. If the interviewer seems distracted, lighten the atmosphere by telling an ____(3 words) story about your qualifications.20. If you don’t understand a question orstatement, ask the interviewer to ____(3 words) it.Part II. V ocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 points)21. Digital technology can be used to alleviate the harmful side effects brought about by farming.A intensifyB reduceC triggerD convert22. It is believed that any improvement in water efficiency would be of considerable benefit .A enormousB marginalC potentialD beneficial23. Materials science is rapidly transforming the way that everything from cars to light bulbs is made.A enhancingB multiplyingC alteringD pursuing24. The economy of the United States is probably the envy of the world, and its armedforces are unrivalled.A unmatchedB ungrounded D undefined D unpurified25. The central government of China has set about boosting the consumption of greener energy.A discardedB demandedC cancelledD initiated26. Her voice had a peculiarly engaging quality; it was deep, a little husky, and one always heard the breath vibrating behind it.A appealingB disgustingC emergingD painstaking27. Purchase of a second-hand house is a difficult problem that requires careful assessment.A predictionB evaluationC elaborationD assimilation28. A number of ingenious techniques are employed to make the workmanship more delicate.A recruitedB hiredC adopted Dcreated29. The business will show a profit in September provided that sales remain steady all summer.A as soon asB on condition thatC in order thatD by the time30. The miners who had been stuck underground for days were taken to a hospital right away.A for the time beingB behind the timesC at timesD in no timeSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some infectious diseases, such as AIDS, take a heavy___on human immunity.A impactB lossC tollD casualty32. Because of poor grammar, some sentences in research papers by Chinese students seem ___to the reviewers.A incomprehensibleB inedibleC inestimableD irreplaceable33. Almost each college student is equippedwith a cell phone, laptop and other electronic ____A galaxiesB ornamentsC utensilsD gadgets34. Running for president is ____ demanding , emotionally draining, and physically taxing.A incoherentlyB intellectuallyC intimatelyD invalidly35. The common pattern of human influence on tropical rainforest is a ____ of the habitat into smaller patches.36. State leaders of each generation have to think about how to ___complicated economic issues.A adoreB assembleC addressD alienate37. In 2021, Sarkozy threatened to boycott the Olympic Games in Beijing, ___kowtow shortly afterwards by promising never to interfe re with China’s affairs.A only toB so as toC as toD prior to38. New methods of irrigation can reducewater consumption by roughly 30%____conventional systems.A but forB compared withC related toD other than39. As long as you are pursuing your dream, your efforts will eventually ____.A wear offB pay offC ward offD turn off40. The younger you begin ____, the easier it is to remain physically active throughout your life.A setting outB figuring outC running outD working outPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)A college education is completely necessary for each of us, but we have to ask what it –41—to get into college? High school grades and standardized tests are still the most common measurements. –42—this information is often considered alongsideother sources of information, other indicators of college potential are typically not considered if high school grades and standardized test scores don’t reach a certain –43---.Even though standardized test scores do predict –44—performance and job performance, relying so heavily on these scores is problematic –45—a number of reasons. For one, studies have found that the SAT is a better predictor of college performance for white students. –46—reason is that other key skills are neglected that contribute to life success, defined more –47—than merely the capacity for academic learning, including active learning –48--, natural motivation, social-emotional intelligence, imagination and creativity. Creativity and imagination are particularly important skills in this century, --49—how quickly this world is changing. This world needs people who are not only quick learners,but also reflective learners as well as –50--- of new knowledge.41.A.means B takes C seems D likes42.A. But B However C While D Yet43.A.standard B destination C aspect D perspective44.A physical B artistic C mechanical D academic45.A because of B due to C for D owing to46.A The second B A second C Second D The other47.A broadly B narrowly C usually D strictly48.A outcomes B advantages C qualifications D strategies49.A concerning B regarding C considering D involving50.A applicants B creators C witnesses D successorsApply, application, applicantSucceed, successive, succeeding , successorsContinual , continuous80 Years has witnessed the ups and downs of ……Standard, level, criteriaWater table, water levelHigh level, low levelDesign criteriaStandard for designPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA year ago, my boss announced that our large New York ad agency would be moving to an open office. After nine years as a seniorwriter, I was forced to trade in my private office for a seat at a long, shared table. It felt like my boss had ripped off my clothes and left me standing in my underwear.However, about 70 percent of U.S. offices now have no or low partitions. Silicon Valley has been the leader in bringing down the dividers. Google, Yahoo and American Express are all adherents. Facebook designed the largest open floor plan in the world, housing nearly 3,000 engineers.Adhere to …These new floor plans are ideal for maximizing a company’s space while minimizing costs. Bosses love the ability to keep a closer eye on their employees, ensuring movie-watching, constant social media-browsing and unlimited personal cellphone use isn’t occupying billing hours. While employees feel like they’re part of a relaxed, innovative enterprise, theenvironment ultimately damages workers’attention spans, creativity and satisfaction. Furthermore, a sense of privacy boosts job performance, while the opposite can cause feeling of helplessness. In addition to the distractions, my colleagues and I have been more vulnerable to illness. Last flu season took down a succession of my co-workers like dominoes.As the new space intended, I’ve formed interesting, unexpected bonds with my colleagues. But my personal performance at work has hit an all-time low. Each day, my associates and I are seated at a table staring at each other, having an ongoing 12-person conversation from 9 a.m to 5 p.m. those who have worked in private offices for decades have proven to be the most noisy and tough. They haven’t had to consider how their loud habits affect others, so I can only work effectively during times when no one else is around, or if I isolate myself in one of thesmall, constantly sought-after, glass-windowed meeting rooms.To make the open-office model work, employers have to take measures to improve work efficiency. For one, they should create more private areas----ones without open windows. Also, they should implement rules on when interaction should be limited. And please, let’s eliminate the music that blankets our workspaces. Companies could simply join another trend----allowing employees to work from home. That model boosts productivity, with employees working more hours and taking fewer breaks. There are fewer interruptions when employees work remotely. At home, my greatest distraction is the refrigerator.51. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A The author enjoyed working in an open office.B This open-office model has gainedpopularity.C Companies are compelled to shift to an open office.D Google and Yahoo refuse to go along with the trend.52. Large open floor plans can help bosses to ____A reduce investment in research.B show movies to workers in the officeC supervise co-workers’ conversations.D restrict the use of personal cell phones.53. According to Paragraph 4, an open office ____A can benefit workers’ mental health.B brings no relaxation to workers at all.C adversely affects productivity and health.D contribute to better productivity .54. It can be concluded from Paragraph 5 that in an open office ___A fellow workers are likely to spend a long time talking.B one’s personal performance can beimproved easily.C work efficiency can be ensured amid frequent interaction.D most of the workers can easily become close friends.55. The last sentence of this passage suggests that the author___A can hardly concentrate on his work at home.B often suffers from the noise of the refrigerator.C works more efficiently at home than in the open office.D has nobody to talk to while working at home.56. The central idea of this passage is that the open-office model___A should be highly recommended.B is destroying the workplace.C is more of a blessing than a curse.D proves to be quite innovativePassage TwoThe mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has spread to 22 countries in the Americas, is terrifying to pregnant women and their partners. The virus may cause birth defects in babies whose mothers were infected during pregnancy. In Brazil more than 4,000 have been born with abnormally small heads since last October, compared with fewer than 200 in a typical year. The response of several governments has triggered a debate about abortion and birth control which may outlast the outbreak itself.OutbreakBreak outStudent-leading movementStudent-led movement.Input, output , outset, outskirts, outspread, uphold,Outgrow, outlastMan-eating society , man-eaten societyMan-made satelliteSound-producing insectsIt started after some governments advised women to delay getting pregnant. Colombia, which has the second-highest number of infections after Brazil, advised women to wait six to eight months. Jamaica issued a similar recommendation, even though no cases of Zika have yet been reported there. El Salvador’s government suggested that women should delay pregnancy until 2021. Panama warned women from vulnerable communities not to conceive.Some women find this advice rather bossy. Others say that governments have done little to help women control their fertility. A lobby group in New York notes that rates of teenage pregnancy in Latin America are among theworld’s highest, as 56% of pregnancies in Latin America and the Caribbean are unintended.Rates of accidental pregnancy are high because sex education is inadequate and birth control is hard to come by. Health workers are reluctant to prescribe contraceptives to teenagers or to women who have not yet given birth. If women are to avoid pregnancy, governments must inform them better and provide more access to contraception for both men and women.Some argue that the Zika crisis should prompt countries to liberalize policies that severely restrict abortion. In El Salvador, which does not allow abortion even if a woman’s life is at risk, activists are stepping up their campaign for a change in the law. A Brazilian newspaper argued that Brazil should end its ban on most abortions.Rather than calling on women to delay pregnancy, Brazil is sensibly concentrating itsefforts on the mosquito responsible, which also carries dengue and yellow fever. The country had stamped out the threat by 1958 but let down its guard and allowed it to return. The health minister announced that insect repellent will be distributed to 400,000 expectant mothers. Some 310,000 health workers are teaching people how to keep mosquitoes at bay. Following WHO guidelines, Brazil advises women contemplating pregnancy on how to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes. Women need facts, not fertility targets.57. The first paragraph is primarily concerned with ___A the harm done by the Zika virus.B abortion and birth controlC the response of some countries.D the origin of the Zika virus .58. The rate of infections with the Zika virus is the highest in ___A ColombiaB BrazilC Jamaica DPanama59. Rates of accidental pregnancy are high in Latin America because of the following except ___A insufficient sex education or information on pregnancy.B the reluctance to prescribe contraceptives to teenagers.C poor accessibility of birth control for men and women.D the extremely low rate of marriage in some countries.60. Which of the following is true according to this passage?A Abortion is strictly prohibited in the whole of Latin America.B Activists in El Salvador are fighting for the right to abortion.C Brazil has managed to eliminate the mosquito responsible.D Most women have been convinced of the advice by governments.61. The underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean ____A stay away from mosquitoesB try to make mosquitoes extinctC confine mosquitoes to the beachD culture some new mosquitoes62. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A How to Contain the Zika Virus?B health during PregnancyC To Breed, or not to BreedD Measures of Birth ControlCheck :Passage ThreeAfter a jury convicted ex-Virginia Governor, Bob McDonnell, I wrote an op-ed calling attention to the “real stars〞of the McDonnell case. It is easy to get distracted by the sensational details of the new case, but it would be better to focus on the big picture.Ex-husband …Ex-president. Late-presidentVice-president ….Deputy-presidentProfessor, associate-professor , lecturer , assistant …The judge convicted him of robbery.The judge convicted him to 15 years’imprisonment.Convince convincing factsAssure sb of sth , assure sb that clause ….I assure him of my honesty .I assure him that I am honest. Integrity, integration( integrate…) =combineIrritation, irrigation =waterConvince sb of sth = convince sb that clause….Assure, ensure, insure,I insured 1000 yuan against unexpected injury.Guarantee ….Ensure = make sure ….To ensure that the meeting goes smoothly, we have made full arrangement.To see(to it) that …=to make sure …American politicians face a harsh reality. The average Senate campaign costs more than $10 million! Point the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) at any elected official, and I suspect it can uncover a contributor who received special treatment: a meeting with staff here, a call to an agency there. None of it is necessarily illegal.Americans are not only allowed to give money to politicians. The Supreme Court hassaid they have a constitutional right to spend money on campaign. Elected officials, in turn, have the freedom to decide which calls they answer, what meetings they arrange, how to craft legislation and whom it benefits.It could be, then, that what set McDonnell apart from other politicians is not the alleged illegality of his conduct, but that the FBI took such a hard look at him. Thankfully, the FBI’s interest doesn’t appear to be political. More likely, agents became interested in these cases like they get interested in lots of things; they happened upon public corruption while looking into something else. The FBI reportedly was investigating Jonnie Williams’company for securities fraud when it stumbled upon his gifts to McDonnell.There are two important lessons here, one for politicians and one for the rest of us. The politicians need to distance themselves from their rich donors. Ethics aside, it is simply too risky to take contributions and gifts frompeople whose interests you intend to advance. Better to lose an election than to go to federal prison.Everyone else should start thinking about prosecutorial power to act. It’s bad enough that our political system seems to be populated with criminals. We should also worry about how prosecutors choose among them to decide whom to imprison.Random selection, which appears to explain the McDonnell case, is the least of our worries. The real concern is politically motivated prosecutions, which are made all too easy in a system flush with cash and regulated by flexible public corruption laws. Sadly in a pay-to-play political system, once FBI agents direct their investigative power at a particular politicians, the likelihood of a federal accusation may only depend on how hard they look.Hit-and-run63. In the first paragraph, “the big picture〞probably refers to ____A the details of the McDonnell caseB the political system in the US.C. the economic situation in the US D other officials involved in this case.64. Which of the following is true about the McDonnell case?A McDonnell has turned out to be innocent.B He gave expensive gifts to Jonnie Williams.C The FBI happened to find his criminality.D The FBI’s investigation is politically motivated.65. The lesson that politicians should learn from the case of McDonnell is to ___.A stay away from wealthy donorsB work in the interests of rich donors.C forget about ethics when with rich donorsD make friends with many rich donors.66. The last paragraph implies that in theAmerican political system___A there are few corrupt politiciansB money plays a minor roleC random selection is a big concernD it is easy to spot cases of corruption67 This passage is primarily concerned with _____in the United States.A ways to keep governance cleanB the responsibilities of the FBIC the political corruption problemD the role of money in legal matters68. The attitude of the author towards the American political system is ___A curiousB criticalC appreciativeD indifferentPassage FourThe fourth and final article from Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Grant in The New York Times’“Women at Work〞series appeared today; it is as misguided as the previous three have been, bordering on offensive. Do wereally need Sandberg telling men that if they do a load of laundry now and then, they might get lucky? Yes, that is an exact point in the article. To quote: A man was asked by his wife one night to do a load of laundry. He picked up the basket and asked hopefully, “Is this lean in laundry?〞The bigger issue with the entire New York Times series is that rather than focusing on the abilities of women, all they’ve done is offer studies and statistics pointing out how bad things are, then asking men to change that. It is so disappointing that Sandberg and Grant keep repeating the same point---“Hey, guys, help the poor girls out!〞They continue to tell men that they should do more office chores, let women speak at work, use the same criteria for evaluating female managers as male ones. It’s all about men and what they need to do to boost up ladies.The tone of these articles also implies that every successful woman was somehow given ashot by some man. Most successful women I know weren’t given anything. They earned it. And when they didn’t get it even after earning it, they struggled and seized it. It is so unproductive for women to repeat that the workplace needs to change to reward us. How about if women change? Why don’t we start behaving in ways that will get us rewarded in the workplace?Whenever I speak or write about equality for women in the workplace, I never address what men need to do differently. Men have no incentive to do anything differently. This system is working for them, and if women want to compete in male-dominated fields, we need to develop the instincts and attitudes what will get us rewarded in those fields. Women don’t have to “behave like men,〞but we can make the changes needed to be recognized and promoted without asking them for the scraps. We should not stamp our feet and demand that men help us get there. Afterall, no woman has to lean in when she’s standing at the head of the table.69. What does the author of this passage think of the article mentioned in the first paragraph?A misleadingB instructiveC amusingD paradoxical70. The author believes that the problem with this New York Time s series is that is ___A overemphasizes mutual help between males and females.B elaborates on the advantages of males over femalesC suggests the two sexes be evaluated in the same way.D ignores what women can do for themselves.71.The main idea of the third paragraph is that ____A women have to adapt to the work environment.B there is a man behind each successful woman.C workplace should be changed to reward women.D women become successful on their own.72. In the last paragraph, the author of this passage suggests that ___A men start to do things differently for women’s sake.B women ask men for help whenever necessary.C women become independent and self-reliant.D women stop competing with men at work.73. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A Women-Stop ‘Leaning〞and Start LeadingB Men-Be Helpful at Home and at Work.C Men and Women—Who Is Superior?D Men and Woman—How Different Are They?74. The author seems to be _____ these articles by Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Grant.A interested inB critical aboutC convinced byD encouraged byPassage FiveImagine a world without alcohol sponsorship of sport and without drinks ads on TV. You’re imagining France, the country with a heavy drinking rate one sixth that of Ireland. It’s a country where there is a genuinely sensible and mature approach to alcohol----with a range of regulations for the alcohol industry.To be certain, people drink in France----there is alcoholism and serious issues for public health there, just as in other societies where alcohol is available----but in France, the trend is downward and heavy drinking isn’t group activity where getting drunk is the objective.The drinks industry in Ireland is pitilessly efficient and deeply rational----like any multi-billion euro industry, knowing how toget people to drink more, how to grow a market, how to cultivate the next generation of drinkers and how to put them on the value addition conveyor belt.The economics of drinking is strikingly obvious. A massive diversity of products at a massively wide range of prices, with a staggering diversity of lifestyle messages and marketing approaches to segment and divide the market. We start with the young drinkers, who don’t have a whole l ot of money----for young men there’re the thin aluminum can beers which promise European sophistication and precious metals. For the ladies there are the lighter alcohols and coolers, which promise to have one laugh uncontrollably into the night with your equally attractive mid-twenties friends, often with a three-for-two offer.The next stage in the process is to get the drinker into the bottled beers and shift the ladies towards whiskey. In summer, everyoneis encouraged to dedicate time to quenching the thirst with juice---and to move on from there. At each life stage there is a higher-value drink product targeted at our aspirations and an encouragement to get some of the good life. The drinks industry reminds us to tame our animal side with a trip to their website saying that ‘enjoying a drink may be a part of Irish culture…’ and, at the start of an article on the possible health benefits of cutting down on alcohol, states: “Lots of people associate moderate drinking with relaxation and fun.〞The drinks industry needs young drinkers----it cultivate drinkers as early as possible, but it cultivates partners and harvests goodwill as well.75. Which of the following statements is true about France?A No one consumes an excessive amount of alcohol.B There are no strict regulations for the alcohol industry.C Sport can be sponsored by alcohol producers.D There are no TV commercials related to alcohol.76. The underlined words in Paragraph 3 imply that the drinks industry in Ireland___A cares about the health of consumersB is good at boosting sales of alcohol.C has enjoyed quite high productivityD tries to make money by illegal means77. Paragraph 4 and 5 are focused on ____the drinks industry.A the economic employed byB the wide range of products ofC various lifestyle messages fromD health benefits associated with78. The drinks industry has been working hard to increase its sales by ____A telling consumers the truth about the harm of alcohol.B encouraging consumers to use the same drink product.。

2021年武汉大学博士生英语入学考试真题答案

2021年武汉大学博士生英语入学考试真题答案2016武大博士生英语入学考试真题答案Part I Reading Comprehension(40分)BCAD ACBA DDCA DCAB CCBAPart II English-Chinese Translation(5*4=20分)1. 如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用和重要的产品，在市场上买得一定的价钱；或者充实我们的经验，增长我们的才干，待到适当时机我们就能挣到金钱。

2. 我们想到死便震惊不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用以保全生命。

可是我们对于损失一个钟头或者一天时间往往漠不关心，忘记生命原来就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。

3. 现在如果从我们的寿命中减去所有这些岁月，我们将发现，能让我们用于有效工作的时间大概是15或20年左右。

谁能记住这一点，就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每时每刻。

4. 如果我们让生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走而未加利用，我们将永远无法弥补这种损失。

等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期没能获得的知识或技能将永远不能获得了。

Part III Chinese-English Translation(20分)We are not sure what “intelligence” is, not what is passed on. However, the fact does not prevent us fromfinding it a very useful concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which “measure” it. In anintelligence test we take a sample of an individual’s ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have ta ken a representative sample, it will allow us to predict successfully the level ofperformance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.The Education Act 1944 passed by the British parliament made secondary schooling for all become law. Grammar school s, with the exception of small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since t he number of grammar schools in the country could accommodate at most approximately 25 percent of the total child popul ation of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic examinations and tests were considered to be in favor of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased homes. Inte lligence tests were then devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on knowledge from books. In other words, the intelligence test attempts to assess the general ability of any child to think, reaso n, judge, analyze and synthesize, mainly by presenting him with different actual situations within his range of competence a nd understanding.Part IV Writing 20分Sample1Paper Book or Electronic Book Nowadays many electronic devices emerge, such as kindle, providing possibility for ele ctronic books. However, most of the readersstill prefer reading in the traditional way instead of electronic books. Why do t he paper books win the landslide victory? Apparently, paper books are of greater collection value than the electronic book. S ome readers are looking forward to a blissful atmosphere with a book in hand, sitting in the sunshine comfortably. An electr onic book can never fulfill the desire for this atmosphere. What’s more, the paper book is better for the eyes while the scree n of electronic book may do harm to the retina to some extent. Using the electronic devices, the readers are absent-minded more easily as there exist many temptations.What we can’t deny, nevertheless, is that the electronic book has its own special merits as well. First of all, it’s much chea per. Then, it’s easier to be carried with. While some readers have to put a heavy paper book in the bag, the e-book reader me rely take the phone. Also, the electronic book has a larger coverage as some books or essays don’t have the paper version. Generally speaking, the paper books are irreplaceable, still playing the dominant role in reading market. Electronic books ar e also indispensable. We readers should use these ways correctly.Sample 2Reading in an Old-fashioned Way As scientific development has been a new trend of this era, words prefixed with an “e-” has been widely-used and gradually become a part of our daily routine. It’s an era of information explosion and the creat ion and innovation of E-book technology meets the requirements and developments of the network society. However, accor ding to the survey, e-book sales dropped in the United States, as well as in the United Kingdom. It seems that people tend to read in the old-fashioned way. In my point of view, the reasons of this phenomena are as follows. First of all, paper books c an easily make people calm down. Leafing through pages and feeling the unique scent of paper is absorbing and intriguing. Secondly, books printed on paper are easily shared by people, since reading is not an individual activity. Thirdly, nowadays people enjoy the relative informality of reading, and reading paper books is a good way to make people totally unrestricted by time andspace. Last but not the least, paper books are cheaper than an e-book electronic screen. Generally speaking, re ading in an old-fashioned way can also meet the multiple needs of people nowadays. Scientific innovation gives us more ch oices and we are happy to enjoy the convenience of this golden times. However, reading in an old-fashioned way in the era of information fragmentation is some kind of habit that we should retain.。

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及答案

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及答案攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题APart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other .A. bruisesB. blundersC. handicapsD. drawbacks2. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was _ _ in tropic countries.A. prospectiveB. prevalentC. provocativeD. perpetual3. After several nuclear disasters, a has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicionC. verdictD. controversy4. He is a(n) and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little.A. obedientB. transientC. consciousD. passionate5. Mary once with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.A. mergedB. collaboratedC. coincidedD. constituted6. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment7. Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his and fell off.A. equilibriumB. equivalenceC. equivalentD. equation8. The of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year.A. proceduresB. processesC. proceedingsD. projects9. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves know where to look.A. virtuallyB. initiallyC. invariablyD. infinitely10. Outsiders have the success of Eastern Asia's economics with admiration, wonderment andsometimes hostility.A. gazedB. glancedC. contemplatedD. peered11. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an plan.A. inherentB. ingeniousC. infectiousD. indulgent12. There are some between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe.A. discrepanciesB. distractionsC. diversionsD. discretion13. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to behighly respected.A. interpretB. interveneC. inheritD. impact14. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainlyon .A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response15. Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.A. conforming toB. consistent withC. predominant overD. providing for16. According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically to construct a pioneeringspace colony, powered by solar energy.A. practicalB. flexibleC. feasibleD. beneficial17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _ _ to hot, dry winds.They are what we call weather-sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable18. These areas rely on agriculture almost , having few mineral recourses and a minimum ofindustrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively19. There is no doubt that the of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige 'B. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity20. Military orders are and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative21. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of grouping is advisable.A. homogenousB. instantaneousC. spontaneousD. anonymous22. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloonsslowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering23. He obviously displayed a great for some of your poems.A. consentB. admirationC. respectD. pleasure24. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarityB. scarcityC. invalidityD. variety25. The continuous unrest was _____________ the nation’s economy.A. exaggeratingB. aggravatingC. amendingD. fastening26. With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck .A. scatterB. vanishC. abandonD. fly away27. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this __________ producesartificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction28. They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to it because of the rainyweather.A. cancelB. eliminateC. delayD. prolong29. This dictionary is intended for American learners of Chinese.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. specificallyD. uniquely30. A UN official said that aid programs would be until there was adequate protection for reliefconvoy.A. dependedB. suspendedC. postponedD. expended31. The problem is that most local authorities lack the ____to deal sensibly in this market.A. anticipationB. perceptionC. prospectD. expertise32. Awards provide a(n)____for young people to improve their skills.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. fugitiveD. captive33. The physician had to visit his patient six ___________days before the patient could be considered in a faircondition.A. consequentB. consecutiveC. consistentD. conservative34. Oil is derived from the ____of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.A. layoutsB. remindersC. remainsD. 1eftovers35. Successful students sometimes become so ____with grades that they never enjoy their school years.A. passionateB. involvedC. immersedD. obsessed36. Apparently there were ____between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortionsB. discrepanciesC. disordersD. distractions37. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, ____at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden collapse intounconsciousness.A. convergingB. culminatingC. finalizingD. releasing38. The 12-year-old civil war had____1.5 million lives.A. declaredB. proclaimedC. claimedD. asserted。

2021年医学博士英语统考作文答案

2021年医学博士英语统考作文答案回答1:Answer in English:As the 2021 Medical Doctor English Proficiency Exam approaches, many students are wondering what the essay question will be and how to prepare for it. While we cannot predict the exact question, we can provide some tips on how to approach the essay.Firstly, it is important to read the question carefully and make sure you understand what is being asked. Do not rush into writing before fully comprehending the task at hand. Once you understand the question, brainstorm some ideas and create an outline. This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure that your essay has a clear structure.When writing the essay, make sure to use proper grammar and vocabulary. Avoid using overly complicated language or jargon that may confuse the reader. Instead, aim for clarity and precision in your writing.It is also important to provide evidence and examples to support your arguments. This shows that you have a deep understanding of the topic and have done your research.Finally, remember to proofread your essay before submitting it. Check for spelling and grammar errors, and make sure that your essay flows well and is easy to read.In conclusion, while we cannot predict the exact essay question for the 2021 Medical Doctor English Proficiency Exam, we can provide some tips on how to approach the essay. By carefully reading the question, creating an outline, using proper grammar and vocabulary, providing evidence and examples, and proofreading your essay, you can increase your chances of success.用中文回答：随着2021年医学博士英语能力考试的临近，许多学生都在想着作文题会是什么，以及如何准备。

博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解(11)【圣才出品】

博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（11）SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (40%)Part ADirections: In questions 1-15, each sentence has an underlined word. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best matches the underlined word.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answersheet.1. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left half of the brain controls language.A. fields of studyB. groups of expertsC. seminarsD. regulations【答案】A【解析】句意：不同领域的科学证据证明绝大部分人的大脑的左半区是控制语言的。

discipline学科，科目。

seminar研究会，讨论会。

regulation规则，规章。

2. Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.A. comparisonB. categorizationC. classificationD. cognition【答案】A【解析】句意：你的类比不好，因为这两种情况不一样。

analogy类比，类推。

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