2014职称英语考试真题及答案(理工类B级)
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
2014职称英语考试理工B真题及答案
Underground Coal Fires a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to55 disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large 60volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to 62protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed aheat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.。
2014职称英语综合类B级真题及答案解析
2014职称英语综合类B级真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down．A．excitement B．anger C．calm D．disappointment2．The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation．A．copy B．furnish C．publish D．summarize3．The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid．A．hidden B．inflexible C．traditional D．official4．Heled a very moral life．A．honorable B．human C．intelligent D．natural5．The majority of people around here are decent．A．real B．honest C．normal D．wealthy6．His knowledge of French is fair．A．very useful B．verylimited C．quite good D．rather special7．The group does not advocate the use of violence．A．limit B．regulate C．support D．oppose8．The worst agonies of the war were now beginning．A．pains B．parts C．aspects D．results9．Itwas a magic night until the spell was broken．A．time B．charm C．space D．opportunity10．They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system．A．prove B．discover C．consider D．imagine11．Several windows had been smashed．A．cleaned B．replaced C．broken D．fixed12．She felt that she had done her good deed for the day．A．homework B．act C．justice D．model13．London quickly became a flourishing port．2015年职称英语考试题库免费下载：/RhFad1WA．major B．large C．successful D．commercial14．His professional career spanned 16 years．A．started B．changed C．moved D．lasted15．His stomach felt hollow with fear．A．empty B．sincere C．respectful D．terrible第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语考试真题(B理工)
Climate Change ：The Long Reach1 . Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There ‘s more carbon in the air，and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge （评估）.Earth’s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time .2 . People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，a colorless gas . In the air ，this gas traps heat at Earth‘s surface . And the more carbon dioxide released ，the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow ，the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.3. Most climate-change studies look at what‘s going to happen in the next century or so . During that time，changes in the planet’s environment could nudge（推动）global warming even higher. For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt，sunlight can now reach——and warm –the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the air temperature even more，causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ‘fast feedback’.4. Zeebe says it‘s important to look at fast feedbacks. However，he adds，they’re limited. From a climate change perspective，‘This century is the most important time for the next few generations’，he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”。
2014职称英语理工类B级模拟卷及答案(三)
模拟考试(三)第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) A 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. All the flats in the building had the same layout .A. colorB. arrangementC. sizeD. function2. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. freshB. hotC. heavyD. windy3. The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A. bigB. longC. newD. empty4. Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.A. modernizeB. offerC. provideD. fund5. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. completelyD. faintly6. Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.A. successB. descriptionC. evidenceD. plan7. He has been granted asylum in France.A. powerB. reliefC. protectionD. license8. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn‟t resist having a peep.A. lookB. chanceC. visitD. try9. She moves from one exotic location to another.A. familiarB. similarC. properD. unusual10. We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. overtookB. hitC. passedD. found11. He was weary of the constant battle between them.A. fondB. proudC. tiredD. afraid12. Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.A. attractB. teachC. helpD. discourage13. He shifted his position a little, in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.A. controlB. easeC. experienceD. suffer14. The photographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.A. refreshedB. storedC. blockedD. erased15. Newborn babies can discriminate between a man‟s and a woman`s voice.A. treatB. expressC. analyzeD. distinguish第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)The Biology of MusicHumans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1 Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things —especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don‟t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learneda lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That‟s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone‟s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)，it may be a way of showing off.However, Miller‟s theory still doesn‟t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.16．Humans, but not animals, can sing.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 17．People can use music to communicate their emotions.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18．We use the same part of the brain for music and language.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 19．Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20．It‟s hard for humans to compose music.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 21．Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 22．Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.A RightB Wrong第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)Owls and Larks(猫头鹰与云雀)1 In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is that it‟s difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion.2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.3 The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning—an owl‟s or a lark‟s lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret.4 As for naps, experts on insomnia(失眠)argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it‟s not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁), do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log,whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.23 Paragraph 1 _________24 Paragraph 2 _________25 Paragraph 3 _________26 Paragraph 4 _________A What should we avoid?B How much sleep do we need?C Which is better, being an owl or a lark?D Why do we need sleep?E What makes people owls or larks?F What helps us fall asleep?27 Sleep helps brain to _________.28 Parents with very young children tend to _________.29 A good lifestyle means one can _________.30 It is good advice for most people to _________.A sleep enough to bring most refreshmentB keep away from coffee in the eveningC stay up till the early hours of the morningD get up quite earlyE store memories in the brainF rebuild memories stored during the day第4部分：阅读理解(第3l～45题，每题3分，共45分)第一篇The FamilyThe structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family isan independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies，such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family，not just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.31. Another good title for this passage would be_____.A) What Makes a Family?B) The Life of the Inuits.C) Living with Hardship.D) The Failure of theNuclear Family.32. A nuclear family is defined as_____.A) a married couple with their minor childrenB) a single father with，minor childrenC) parents，grandparents，and childrenD) parents，children，and aunts and uncles33. The information in this passage would most likely be found找到in_____.A) an anthropology textbookB) a biology textbookC) a mathematics textbookD) a geography textbook34. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _____.A) listing statistics统计学B) telling a storyC) pointing out similaritiesD) pointing out differences35. The word“mobility” means_____.A) moneyB) readiness to moveC) organizationD) skill第二篇Immune FunctionsThe immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting.At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual also act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes (抗原表位), which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.36. What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in theimmune system?A. The immune system's memory.B. Bees flying around a hive.C. Immune troops eliminating intruders.D. A sea of microbes.37. The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known asA. balance.B. harmony.C. tolerance.D. self-tolerance.38 How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as "foreign" or "nonself"?A Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.B Through an allergic response.C Through blood type.D Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface.39. Which of the following statements is true?A Allergens are usually harmful substances.B Antigens can trigger an immune response.C People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses.D There is no difference between an antigen and an allergen.40. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?A The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself.B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.C One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.第三篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication —having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones？Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case，a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day，every day of his working week，for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use，but his employer's doctor didn't agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In. the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that _________.A. they're popular.B. they're cheap.C. they're useful.D. they're convenient.42. The word "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.A. cured.B. removed.C. discovered.D. caused.43. The salesman retired young because _________.A. he disliked using mobile phones.B. he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.C. he couldn't remember simple tasks.D. his employer's doctor persuaded him to.44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies _________.A. deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.B. develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.C. try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.D. hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.45. The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people _________.A. to buy mobile phones.B. to update regular phones.C. to use mobile phones less often.D. to stop using mobile phones.第5 部分：补全短文（第46-50 题，每题2 分，共10 分）Mt. Desert IslandThe coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.__ __(46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川)descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖).The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ____(47) Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.__ __(48)For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (温带) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants._ ___(49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.__ (50)From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by retreating glacier.A It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.B Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by theglacier.C The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.D The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlanticseaboard.F It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water, sevenmiles long.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are____1___ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope____2____ supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is____3____ to cause an avalanche, _____4___ a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low___5___ of avalanche. Snow does not ___6___ significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not ___7___ easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow‟s angle of rest is____8___35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degree. The rule of thumb is : A slope that is____9___ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with___10___; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter traveling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous___11___, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather___12___, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also___13____ the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid___14___ to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ___15____ or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.1. A among B of C to D in2. A when B that C who D whose3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely4. A are B will be C is D was5. A weight B form C risk D work6. A fall B flow C roll D gather7. A fall B flow C roll D gather8. A among B between C with D for9. A thick B thin C flat D rocky10. A use B time C snow D rain11. A journey B trip C fact D process12. A conditions B reports C forecast D event13. A increase B reduce C improve D remove14. A price B effort C attention D money15. A missing B grown C big D fresh参考答案：第1部分：1. layout 布局; 安排; 版面设计. B. arrangement安排; 解决办法2. crisp鲜脆的A. fresh3. hollow空的 D. empty4. update更新; 使现代化A. modernize使现代化5. utterly C. completely6. profile轮廓, 外形B. description描绘，绘制7. asylum避难所; 庇护, 政治避难C. protection保护, 保卫8. peep窥视, 偷看. look B. chance C. visit D. try9. exotic奇异的, 醒目的, 吸引人的D. unusual10. ran into不期而遇B. hit11. weary 疲倦的; 困乏的 C. tired12. induce引诱, 劝导A. attract13. alleviate减轻, 缓解, 缓和B. ease14. evoked产生, 引起, 唤起A. refreshed使恢复; 使振作15. discriminate分别, 辨别, 区分D. distinguish第2部分16. BABAC BA第3部分23. DECA FDAB第4部分：31.AAACB 36.B DABA 41.BC CDC第5部分：46.D【解析】句意：这一术语来自冰河时代的活动。
2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(八)
职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(八)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide scope of topics they were interested in.A. extentB. numberC. collectionD. range【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 会议上双方就感兴趣的许多话题交换了意见。
extent程度，如：To a great extent you are right. 你在很大程度上是对的。
number数量，如：the number of students学生的数量。
collection收藏，系列，如：Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole?这批收藏品是零卖还是一起卖?range范围，最符合题意，如：Fire Dragons now correctly within range.现在在范围里正确点燃火龙。
第2题The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 番茄汁在我夹克前面留下了一个污迹。
track为足迹，如：wolves' tracks，狼的足迹。
trace痕迹，如：Did the police find any trace ofthe murderer?警方找到凶手的行踪了吗?spot污点、斑点，最符合题意。
2014年职称英语理工B真题及答案
2014年职称英语理工B真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.After wards there was just a feeling of let-downA. excitementB. angerC. chalmD. disappointment2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situationA.copyB. furnishC. publishD. summariza3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigidA.hiddenB.inflexibleC.traditionaD.official4.He led a very moral lifeA.honourableB.humanC.intelligentD.natural5.The majority of people around here are decentA.realB.honestC.normal C.wealthy6.His knowledge of French is fairA.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special7.The group does not advocate the use of violenceA.limitB.regalateC.supportD.oppose8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginningA. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results9.It was a magic night until the spell was brokenA.timeB.clarmC.spaceD.opportunity10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systemA. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagineA.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the dayA. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model13.London quickly became a flourishing portA.majorrgeC.successfulmercial14.His professional career spanned 16 yearsA.stareedB.changedC.movedsted15.His stomach felt hollow with fearA. emptyB. sincereC. respectfulD. terrible答案：DBBAB CCABB CBCDA第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。
2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(六)
职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(六)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题What dreadful experience she has been through!A. terribleB. wonderfulC. niceD. cold【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 她经历了多可怕的事情啊!dreadful恐怖的。
terrible可怕的。
最符合题意。
如：a terrible scene可怕的一幕。
wonderful美好的。
如：a wonderful day美好的一天。
nice好的。
如：a nice person.好人。
cold冷的。
如：a cold winter.寒冷的冬天。
第2题Everyone aboard the plane perished in the air crash.A. survivedB. disappearedC. diedD. left【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 飞机上的每个人都死于这场空难。
perish死去。
survive生存。
如：They both survived the fierce competition. 他们俩在残酷的竞争中存活。
disappear消失。
如：The sound disappeared gradually. 声音逐渐消失。
die死亡。
最符合题意。
如：He died of cancer. 他死于癌症。
leave离开。
如：He left the city ten years ago. 他十年前离开这座城市。
第3题They used to stroll along the river bank, laughing and chatting.A. walkB. runC. sitD. play【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 他们过去常漫步在河边，边说边笑。
2014年职称英语考试 理工类B级 阅读理解 必考题 字典版 直接打印 正反打印
Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Shimi,a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology,recommends songs,dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enabled,one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive“musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg,the robot’s creator.He will unveil the robot at the June27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a“brain”powered by an Android phone.Once docked,the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.In other words,if there’s an “app”for that,Shimi is ready.For instance,by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its“ears”，or speakers,for optimal sound.Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo.If the user taps a beat,Shimi analyzes it,scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion.Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions,said Music Technology Ph.D. candidate Mason Bretan.“Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.”Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech.Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the2013holiday season.“If robots are going to arrive in homes,we think that they will be this kind of machines一small,entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said.“They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”词汇：pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放（音乐）scan v.扫描;浏览skip v.轻跳，跳跃sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步tempo n.速度;节奏注释：1.Georgia Tech:全称是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亚理工学院，建于1885年，位于亚特兰大市中心。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B
2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 She found me very dull．A dirtyB sleepyC lazyD boring2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing．A shortB workingC formalD secret3 He was persuaded to give up the idea．A mentionB acceptC considerD drop4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day．A eatsB drinksC buysD produces5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story．A strangeB frighteningC difficultD interesting6 It's a gorgeous day anyway.A lovelyB coldC normalD rainy7 Her life is becoming more diverse．A generousB humorousC variedD romantic8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war．A broadeningB worseningC extendingD accelerating9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice．A unableB indecisiveC readyD reluctant10 She is slender．with delicate wrists and ankles．A sickB weakC slimD pale11 With immense relief．I stopped running．A someB enormousC littleD extensive12 The scientists began to accumulate data．A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate13 Jack eventually overtook the last truck．A hitB passedC reachedD led14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance．A possibleB profitableC easyD wise15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle．A factB mysteryC statementD game第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语理工_B级阅读理解
第四部分 B级阅读理解第十七篇地球防晒霜就算怀着昀美好的愿望，仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。
很明显，即便采取昀强硬的措施来控制排放，气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。
另一方面，受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠，气候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。
幸好，如果被逼上绝路，科学家们还有昀后几招。
在大多数情况下，他们拒绝讨论这些措施，害怕人们会因此沾沾自喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。
至少目前是这样。
越来越多的研究者相信一项大型的地质工程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。
斯坦福大学的一位气象学家Stephen Schneider是很早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。
他说，“我把它比作美沙酮。
如果你那里有一个海洛因上瘾者，那么正确的治疗方法就是住院，接受长时间的康复治疗。
拒绝正常住院治疗，那服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。
”总体思路是给地球也涂上防晒箱。
一个天文学家突发奇想，想借此冷却地球：发射亿万轻如羽毛的碟片进入太空形成巨大“云层”以阻碍太阳光。
这个想法备受争议，但昀近的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到这地球表面的阳光以抵消温室效应产生的气候变暖。
全球气候模型表明，阻断百分之一点八的太阳能刚好可以抵消大气中双倍的温室气体所引起的气候变暖现象。
这个想法影响深远，因为即使采取昀严格的控制气体排放措施，到本世纪末，二氧化碳量仍会翻倍。
并且，这种情况将再持续至少一个世纪。
第十八篇石油匮乏全世界每天都要消耗相当于2亿桶石油的能源。
地球上的大部分能源来自于太阳。
事实上，每分钟到达地球表层的来自于太阳的能源就足已满足我们一整年的需求，我们只是需要有效地加以利用而已。
到目前为止，石油一直是一种较便宜、易获得的能源。
但当供应缩减时，情况就会改变，我们就不能像现在这样不加节制地消耗石油了。
在蒸汽工业革命时代，高能煤成为首选燃料之前，燃木能满足大部分能源需求。
现在，煤仍然大量地运用于发电站，满足我们四分之一的能源需求。