人教版高中英语选修9课件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceansReading
the quadrant (象限仪, 四分仪) the sextant (六分仪)
Using instruments
Read again and fill in the blanks. There were two methods to find longitude:
measuring time and speed 1. __________________________
The four basic instruments
for navigation: compass,
astrolabe, sextant and
nautical chart.
compass
astrolabe
sextant
nautical chart
Ang He
Marco Polo
James Cook
Zheng He 1371-1433
He led a large fleet to explore Southeast Asia, India and the Middle East in the Ming Dynasty. Altogether he made 7 voyages in the 15th century. He travelled more than 50,000 km and visited 30 countries new to China and developed many trade links. He is considered one of the earliest naval explorers in Chinese history.
James Cook
1728-1779
James Cook was the greatest Britain navigator. Cook joined in the Royal Navy in 1755. In 1768 he was promoted and sent to the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, New Zealand, and Australia. On his famous second expedition (1772-1775) he explored Antarctica. In 1776 he undertook his third and final
Page 2
What skills did sailors use to
explore the seas and discover
new lands?
Using navigational instruments
1. Finding longitude the compass 2. Finding latitude the bearing circle (方位圆) the astrolabe (星盘)
What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?
Navigator
sea nautical instruments
find new islands or continents
A navigator explores the sea.
Using the weather
To help identify the position of a stream or river when …
To direct their sailing
Using nature
Use the information to analyze the navigational skills and write the answers in your own words.
of his travels to a fellow prisoner who wrote his adventures down. When his book was published it became a best-seller.
The Map of Marco Polo’s voyage
人教课标 高三 选修 9 Unit 2
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Question: How many oceans are there in the world?
What is a navigator?
Ferdinand Magellan 费迪南德 ·麦哲伦
Explorer
land
use compass and landmarks
find new places within an already identified island or continent
An explorer discovers new places on land.
Look at these famous people. Are they navigators or explorers? What do you know about them?
voyage in which he explored the West Coast of North America and tried to locate a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. On this voyage he discovered the Hawaiian Islands, and sailed up the coast of North America through the Bering Straits to the Arctic Ocean. On his return he was killed by Hawaiian islanders. He is regarded as one of the world’s greatest explores and navigators.
1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.
He is the most famous westerner to travel the Silk Road and the only person to provide information about China to the outside world. In 1271 he set out to reach the Mongol Empire and then China. Marco Polo In 1295, he arrived back in Europe. 1254--1324 Three years later he was imprisoned by the Genoese. While in prison, he told the story
2. __________________________ compass and complicated
______________________ mathematical tables
Write down the working principles of the following instruments. Bearing circle: to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday. Astrolabe: to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.
2. Which do you think was easier to work
out: latitude or longitude?
Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.
3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used? 1) compass (in ancient China) 2) astrolabe 3) sextant 4) sea / nautical / marine chart
1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the _______________________. North Star and the sun 2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he clouds, fresh seaweed, nesting birds saw ______________________________ returning home in the evening or fog _________________________________. 3. Sailors used ______________________ sea currents or tides and ______ winds to increase their speed.
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Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Listening课件 新人教版选修9课件
Watched birds to find land
Studied the waves of the ocean
Pacific
3. These are some Viking sailing
directions from Norway to Greenland.
Sail west but keep to the north of the
2. Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart.
Sailors from Phoenicia Norway Polynesia Sea or Ocean Mediterranean North Skills Used the sky to find their way
what will happland is close.
2. “Watch for when the sun grows.” The position of the morning sun on the horizon can help you check your course. 3. “The stars are the eyes of Heaven.”
The stars can give you information about your position and can help you “see” where you are.
4. “When the bird flies out to sea, the sea will grow calm.” Birds do not fly out to sea if a storm is coming so a bird flying away from the shore means good weather.
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans课件 新人教版选
Unit 2
Sailing the oceans
• James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton，England.His father， a Scottish migrant farm worker，allowed James to work on coal －carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大 副)．
• The Third Voyage.
• The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage，a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.
• Cook’s explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer，he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.
Sailing the oceans
• James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton，England.His father， a Scottish migrant farm worker，allowed James to work on coal －carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大 副)．
• The Third Voyage.
• The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage，a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.
• Cook’s explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer，he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.
人教版高中英语选修9课件 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans-Listening 课件
WM: Did he find any new lands to live on? DS: Well, he did find a good way of sailing from the Faroe Islands to Iceland using his ravens. It’s said that he took three birds on his ship with him. When he’d been sailing for a day or two towards Iceland he let the first bird go.
explain these sailing strategies.
1. Vikings used to prefer to sail following
the coastline so they could check that
they were on the correct route.
2. Vikings used birds, and natural features like mountains, to direct their ships.
Zheng He remarks how much the foreign kings liked porcelain and silk. 1. He brought a giraffe for the Emperor from Africa. 2. He brought scarves of fine gold decorated with pearls and precious stones.
WM: That sounds clever! I’ve heard too about the Polynesians in the Pacific Ocean. They did some amazing voyages without any navigational instruments to help them at all. How did they do that? DS: Nobody’s really quite sure.
Unit 2 Sailing the oceans-Textbook 课件-人教选修9精品
Navigator sea nautical instruments
find new islands or continents
Navigator is someone who finds the position and plots the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments.
1 _m_e_a_s_u_r_in_g__ti_m_e__a_n_d_s_p_e_e_d____
2 _c_o_m_p_a_s_s_a_n_d__c_o_m_p_l_ic_a_t_e_d__ __m_a_t_h_em__a_ti_c_a_l_ta_b_l_e_s___ .
5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments:
2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _fr_e_s_h_s_e_a_w_e_e_d_,_n_e_s_ti_n_g_b_i_rd_s__re_t_u_rn_i_n_g _h_o_m_e__in__th_e__ev_e_n_i_n_g_o_r__fo_g__ .
What is the use of a compass? (A) A to set the course of the ship B to measure the position of the ship C to measure the speed of the ship D to tell the time
A navigator explores the sea; an explorer discovers new places on land.
find new islands or continents
Navigator is someone who finds the position and plots the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments.
1 _m_e_a_s_u_r_in_g__ti_m_e__a_n_d_s_p_e_e_d____
2 _c_o_m_p_a_s_s_a_n_d__c_o_m_p_l_ic_a_t_e_d__ __m_a_t_h_em__a_ti_c_a_l_ta_b_l_e_s___ .
5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments:
2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _fr_e_s_h_s_e_a_w_e_e_d_,_n_e_s_ti_n_g_b_i_rd_s__re_t_u_rn_i_n_g _h_o_m_e__in__th_e__ev_e_n_i_n_g_o_r__fo_g__ .
What is the use of a compass? (A) A to set the course of the ship B to measure the position of the ship C to measure the speed of the ship D to tell the time
A navigator explores the sea; an explorer discovers new places on land.
高中英语选修9课件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceansListening
4. Polynesian seamen had traditional sayings to help them with their sailing. Can you explain what they mean?
1. “If you can read the ocean, you will never be lost.” Study the waves so that you can read what will happen in the weather or when land is close.
人教课标 高三 选修 9
Unit 2
1. Read these words and then listen to the tape. Circle those aids that early sailors used to find their way.
compass stars currents birds
1. Vikings used to prefer to sail following the coastline so they could check that they were on the correct route.
2. Vikings used birds, and natural features like mountains, to direct their ships.
➢ Sail west but keep to the north of the Shetland Islands so you can hardly see them in good weather.
➢ Stay far enough south of the Faroes so that their steep mountains are just halfway up the horizon.
人教版高中英语选修9课件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Grammar(共41张PPT)
A. likely C. probable
B. possible D. sure
【考点透视】 这部分的“be +形容词”结构也是半助 动词, 本身虽有词义, 但不能独立作谓语, 要与不定式一起构成复合谓语。常见的 这类结构有be able to, be anxious to, be bound to, be certain to, be determined
不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。 例如： Her whole body ached. Donald was lying on the bed. Bob coughed all night. All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming.
有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同 形的名词, 这叫同源宾语。例如：
5. “be +形容词+不定式”构成的复合谓语 【考例1】 What are you doing out of bed, Tom?
You're __A___ to be asleep.
A. supposed C. thought
B. known D. considered
【考例2】 Studies show that people are more __A___ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
He ran as fast as he could. (vi.) She ran a hotel in the centre of the city. (vt.) Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.) He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.)
人教版高中英语选修9课件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Language Points(共68张PPT)
【点拨】 此句是一个复合句。主句为：
The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show；从句为 that 引导的 _宾__语__ 从句： that they were not ... modern navigational aids，作 _s_h_o_w_ 的宾语。在 此从句中，包含一个由 _e_v_e_n_t_h_o_u_g_h_ 引 导的 让__步__状__语___ 从句：even though they did not have modern navigational aids。
(无情地).
4. The young man is not going to put himself _a_t_t_h_e_m__e_r_cy__o_f_t_h_e_b_a_n_k__ (任 由银行摆布).
(3) even though 用作连词，意为“尽管， 即使”，引导让步状语从句。
There was never any time for Kate to feel
e.g. She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front. 她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。
The car suddenly accelerated. 那辆车突然开始加速。
Page 13 1. There was no secure method of
nowhere else 是否定词，以否定词开头 的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的 谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。 注：nowhere 置于句首时，句子要用倒 装的语序。
5. So seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore and in the open sea. offshore adj./adv. 向海面吹的, 离岸的, 海 面上的, 海上/下作业的 offshore workers 海上作业的工人 offshore bank/company/investment 境外银行/公司/投资
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Textbook 新人教选修9课件
In pairs discuss these questions: 1 What is a navigator?
A navigator explores new routes across the sea. 2 What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?
4Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills. Write the answers in your own words. Using nature
1 To find the ship's position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
• Btoeactoinmgpcairreclteh:e height of the sun now __w_i_th__th_e__p_o_si_t_io_n__o_f _th_e__'s_u_n_a_t_m__id_d_a_y___ _____________________________ .
course.
quadrant or sextant to
find out your position,
return to your fore offshore but you needed more food and water.
follow nesting birds to shore; look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land
A navigator explores new routes across the sea. 2 What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?
4Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills. Write the answers in your own words. Using nature
1 To find the ship's position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
• Btoeactoinmgpcairreclteh:e height of the sun now __w_i_th__th_e__p_o_si_t_io_n__o_f _th_e__'s_u_n_a_t_m__id_d_a_y___ _____________________________ .
course.
quadrant or sextant to
find out your position,
return to your fore offshore but you needed more food and water.
follow nesting birds to shore; look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land
人教版高中英语选修9课件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Learning about language(共26张PPT)
money even though I’ve been saving especially for this occasion. Susan: _P_e_r_h_a_p_s_I__ca_n__h_e_l_p_y_o_u_._I__a_lw__a_y_s_
_e_a_rn__e_x_t_ra__m__o_n_e_y_b_y__c_le_a_n_i_n_g____ _c_a_rs_._M__y__fa_t_h_e_r_a_l_w_a_y_s__p_a_y_s_m__e_ _w_h_e_n__I_c_le_a_n__h_i_s.___________ Clare: Well, thank you for offering to help me. I’ll happily clean your father’s car if he’ll pay me too.
“How lucky I am!” Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.
1. Read the information below and learn more about Captain Cook. Then underline the predicates in
alongside
simplified
4) “Why on’t you plot a more simple route
with the smallest number of stops?” asked Mary. minimum voyage 5) Setting out on a long journey by sea with
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Reading课件 新人教选修9
nautical chart
Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans. They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas, rather like roads through the countryside. The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since. These charts were not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.
A. To set the course of the ship B. To measure the position of the ship C. To measure the speed of the ship
D. To tell the time
2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?
Follow nesting birds to shore ; look for special cloud formations
or fog over
streams to find
land.
What would you do Plan of action if :
You wanted to keep a straight course.