专业英语四级(作文)模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（作文）模拟试卷48 (题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 6. WRITING PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN) 1． Teens, adults, students and even some teachers take selfies (自拍) everywhere—from funerals to math classes. But some colleges are getting tougher on the practice of posing for your own pictures and then posting them to social media accounts like Instagram by actually banning selfies from graduation or similar occasions. Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of Colleges Banning Selfies on Formal Occasions
正确答案： My Idea of Colleges Banning Selfies on Formal Occasions Self-portraits have been around since the early days of photography, but it was the growth of cellphone cameras that made them into a pop cultural phenomenon. Some universities have started a mini-trend when they banned selfies at graduation, arguing that stopping to snap means dragging out an already hours-long ceremony—or sullying its significance. While my opinion on selfies is that it should be promoted rather than prohibited. To begin with, by taking selfies, students can share with their friends and relatives their most important and memorable moments in their life. In the past we used to keep these memories with the help of other photographers. Although we may have some good photos as memory, that was rather passive and left not any choice for students themselves. So, taking selfies is simply a personal way to show what’s happening at the moment and what they see themselves at the moment. In this way graduates were just exhibiting their excitement and that colleges should embrace it. What’s more, taking selfies can build excitement and add excellence to students’ study and life. Many universities encourage students to join pages which the universities compile in the online publication. Thus the university hands over the control of their social media accounts to students, which is a really great hands-on experience to show their love for the university. In this way the university can put school stuff into social media, and it can also bring social media into the real campus life. What I have sketched out above can naturally result in the conclusion that for colleges, banning selfies on formal occasions is of no necessity at all. When properly managed, it can not only help students to have a sweet memory of these important moments, but also will serve as a better tool to bring these universities closer to the society. 解析： 本题是一个观点态度型题目，核心问题是如何看待大学禁止在正式场合自拍，有两个基本观点：同意禁止正式场合自拍，理由是造成的影响不好；反对禁止正式场合自拍，理由是可以留下美好的回忆。考生可以从自身经历出发对此问题进行分析，然后提出自己的观点并展开论证。可以根据以下思路展开写 作： 思路1：同意禁止正式场合自拍。 自拍会破坏正式场合氛围的严肃性，不利于各种正式活动的有序进行。另外，一些场合的自拍会泄露国家机密或个人隐私，因此在这些场合同样也应该禁止自拍。 思路2：反对禁止正式场合自拍。 自拍可以增进同学之间的感情、反映真实的校园生活并留下很多美好的回忆，学校应该为学生提供更宽松自由的环境。另外，在校园里合理地运用自拍也可以拉近学校和社会之间的距离，因此没有必要禁止自拍。 范文选取了思路2，反对禁止正式场合自拍。 知识模块：作文
2． Schools in China tend to divide classes by students’ grades into so-called elite classes, progressed classes and elementary classes, arguing that it can help teachers instruct students in accordance with their levels. This practice has been criticized by many students, parents and educators. What is your opinion? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic; Should Schools Divide Classes by Students’ Grades?
正确答案： Should Schools Divide Classes by Students’ Grades? There is always someone blaming our struggle for education reform. Sometimes it’s the “bad teachers” who get the blame. Other times it’s standardized testing or insufficient funding. I blame dividing classes by students’ grades because it lowers self-esteem, discourages creativity and diversity, and reinforces the education inequality. A study conducted at over 20 schools in Shanghai found that 80 percent of students surveyed based their self-worth on academic performance. Therefore, dividing classes based on grades will doubtlessly make those in elementary classes feel inferior. While teenagers with low self-esteem, due to peer pressure, are more likely to have poor mental health, be involved in bad behavior, and be prone to worse grades, dividing classes by students’ grades creates a vicious self-reinforcing loop which leads to more school dysfunction. Secondly, the fear of making mistakes and being placed in elementary classes will diminish students’ willingness to make different friends, take on creative and challenging tasks, and participate in interesting extracurricular activities. Besides, class divide violates the principle of education equality, since elite classes are more likely to have access to more qualified teachers, better educational facilities and more advanced programs. Classroom would be an ideal place to start anew, to stop motivating students and teachers with the fear of being flunked or ranked. Without that dysfunctional ranking we could stimulate a student’s eagerness to discover, create and share. It’s time to admit that the system has no place in our future. 解析： 本题是一个观点论证型题目。核心问题是分析按成绩分班的利或弊。有两个基本观点：按成绩分班不好，不利于学生发展，违背了教育平等原则；按成绩分班可取，但要加以引导，不能出现教育资源分配不平等的现象。针对该题目，可根据以下思路展开写作： 思路1：不应按成绩分班。 首先，学生一般把自我价值建立在成绩上，按成绩分班会伤害差班学生的自尊心，激发他们对学习、生活的负面心理，从而影响成绩，形成恶性循环。其次，因害怕犯错误影响老师评分，所以学生会排斥具有创造性和挑战性的任务，也不愿结交不同类型的朋友，只会一味循规蹈矩，成为考试机器。另外，尖子班一般会配备更优
专业英语四级(作文)模拟试卷150(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（作文）模拟试卷150(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 6. WRITINGPART VI WRITING1．Chinese education system of emphasizing scores is queried by the public. Look at the following picture carefully and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should start with a brief description of the picture, explain its intended meaning, and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.正确答案：On Exam-oriented Education In the picture, a sprout is growing up, but is blocked by a huge rock, which serves as a symbol of “exam-oriented education”. This picture intends to criticize the harm that exam-oriented education is doing to young students. In my opinion, exam-oriented education hinders students’ development by killing their creativity and curiosity for knowledge. First, under the backdrop of exam-oriented education, a good many teachers would ask students to recite the answers to the exam questions. As a result, students’ creativity is substituted by rote learning. Second, as a major portion of schooling time is devoted to exams, students often experience high levels of stress and anxiety, as well as intense frustration. Bit by bit, they would consider learning extremely boring and torturing. Trapped in the desert of exams, students are no longer curious about the wonderland of knowledge, but rather fed up with it. In conclusion, exam-oriented education swallows up students’ creativity and curiosity by endless rote memorization of answers, which should be reformed as soon as possible.解析：这幅图片刻画一棵小苗在生长，但却遭到应试教育阻碍的情景。
专业英语四级(完形填空)模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（完形填空）模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. CLOZEPART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern bent emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers of this time devoted much attention to such matters 【C1】______natural beauty and representation.【C2】______that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more【C3】______and has begun to【C4】______the philosophy of nature. Various issues【C5】______to the philosophy of art have had a 【C6】______impact【C7】______the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics.【C8】______among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and【C9】______the distinction between representation and expression. Still another question has to do with the value of art. Two opposing theoretical positions【C10】______on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good,【C11】______the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste.In recent years there has also been an increasing【C12】______with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,【C13】______have followed【C14】______of two approaches. In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.【C15】______, it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to【C16】______a particular way of perceiving it. Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry. The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such【C17】______problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the【C18】______of a history of art; the【C19】______of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical【C20】______in the conduct of everyday affairs.1．【C1】A．forB．asC．toD．with正确答案：B解析：固定搭配题such…as…意思是“例如：像……那样”。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TranslationPart ⅣTranslation1．大熊猫被称为“中国国宝(China’s national treasure)”，是中国特有的动物。
大熊猫外表黑白相间，体型肥胖，是一种温顺可爱的动物。
它们主要生活在中国西南地区，80％以上分布于四川境内。
它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中，喜欢吃竹类。
由于生育率低，对生活环境的要求又相当高，它们的数量越来越少。
中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性，所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。
正确答案：Referred to as “China’s national treasure”, panda is an animal unique to China. With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gentle and lovely animal. Pandas live mainly in the southwest part of China, over 80% of them living in Sichuan Province. They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment. Bamboo is their favorite food. Because of low birth rate and high requirement for living environment, the number of pandas is declining. Having realized the seriousness of the problem, Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to protect the endangered species.解析：l．第1句的前半句可使用过去分词短语Referred to as作状语，置于句首；“中国特有的”可译为unique to China。
BEC商务英语(高级)写作模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)
BEC商务英语（高级）写作模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONE 2. PART TWOPART ONE1．The chart below shows the forecast of unit sales by online household appliances company—Eastcity Appliances Ltd. for the four quarters of next year in each of its three main product areas. Using the information from the bar chart, write a short report describing and comparing the sales forecasts for the three product areas for next year. Write 120-140 words.正确答案：Report on sales forecasts for Eastcity Appliances Ltd. The aim of this report is to compare the sales forecasts for three products for next year. Unit sales of washing machines are likely to remain at 10,000 during all the four quarters of next year Air-conditioning sales, on the other hand, will significantly increase during the second quarter from 20,000 to 32,000 and reach the highest at 38,000 during the third quarter. However, in the fourth quarter it will drop drastically to 18,000. Unit sales of colour TVs will gradually increase during the four quarters, starting off at 13,000 in the first quarter and reaching the highest of 20,000 in the fourth quarter. It is concluded that air-conditioning will be Eastcity Appliances Ltd.’s strongest products in the following year.PART TWO2．Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 200-250 words. You are the head of the Sales Department. Your department has been expanded in the staff. Now in order to ensure the sales staff’s work efficiency and provide proper support, you’re going to write a propsal to the Managing Director to recommend that the company recruit an additional administrative clerk for the Sales Department. Write a proposal for the Managing Director displaying the development of the Sales Department analysing the necessity of recruiting an additional administrative clerk explaining the requirements for the additional administrative clerk.正确答案：Report on recruiting on additional administrative clerk for the Sales Department This report aims to recommend that the company recruit an additional administrative clerk for the Sales Department. With the development of our new sales policy and strategies, our sales staff has been greatly increased. Now we have 18 salespeople in the Sales Department. And that’s doubled the number of salespeople we had last year. In the Sales Department, our sales staff currently can be divided into six teams, which are respectively responsible for six groups of different regions. In order to provide administrative support for the sales staff,we’ve been having one clerk, Miss Lee in the Sales Department. As an administrative clerk, Miss Lee’s main duties are mainly as follows. (1) dealing with enquiries by telephone when the salesperson in charge is not available, and take messages for the appropriate salesperson when needed; (2) helping sales staff receive customers when they visit the company in person; (3) preparing or buying stuff for the sales staff before and during the period a sales campaign being launched. (4) photocopy work, faxing and sending material and documents to the customer for the sales representative. Concerning the continuously increased amount of administrative work in the Sales Department, and in order to ensure that the sales staff is working effectively and provided needed support as before, we recommend that the company recruit an additional administrative clerk for the Sales Department, sharing with Miss Lee the inter-department administrative work, to provide support for three sales teams while Miss Lin may be responsible for the other three teams. Two administrative clerks will mean that there will be minimum delay in dealing with customers and providing effective support for the sales staff. We appreciate that the company take this report into due consideration. The new clerk should have excellent computer skills as well as a good knowledge of MS OFFICE software in addition to good communication skills. Patience, empathy and understanding of individual needs are further essential qualities.3．Your boss has recently received a letter of proposal from some of the employees, suggesting that the company should switch to working flextime to replace the current fixed work schedule. As a secretary, you are asked to write a report to analyse the feasibility of adoption of the flextime policy in your company. Write a report to the boss analysing the advantages of adopting the policy of flextime analysing the disadvantages of adopting the policy and finding out methods of avoiding it if there is any explaining the benefits that the flextime policy would bring to the company.正确答案：This report aims to analyse the feasibility of adopting flextime in our company to replace the standard 9 to 5 work routine from the following four aspects: benefits for employees, benefits for the company and the disadvantages as well as the suggested arrangement for the flextime. First, flextime policy is beneficial for employees. Flextime may give employees greater freedom to organise their working lives to suit their personal needs; besides, it may allow employees to choose a schedule that avoids traffic congestion and thus reduces commuting time; Moreover, flextime may help employees reduce psychological stress resulting from concern over arriving at the work place at a set time; another advantage is that employees may attain a better emotional well-being under a flexible working scheme. Second, it is advantageous to the company. Absenteeism may be easily reduced; Moreover, the employees may undoubtedly be motivated and mutual respect may be easily established between the company and the employees. Employees’ loyalty can be improved; production can be increased because of effective work gained. There are also disadvantages. One disadvantage seems to be that flextime may resultin higher utility costs because of the longer hours of operation. However, we may soon find out that this one may not come up as a disadvantage when we realise the ultimate benefits such as effective work and increased production under the flextime policy would result in the greatly reduced overtime. So, the only disadvantage flextime may cause would be that time record keeping may become more complicated. Yet, concerning all the benefits for both the company and the employees, we may draw the conclusion that flextime is feasible for our company. Finally, I would like to make ,some suggestions for the arrangement for the flexible arrangement: (1) Set the core time as the hours between 10:00 am and 8:00 pm; (2) the total working hours may be 8 hours as normal; (3) allow employees to set their own working hours within the above agreed limits.4．Your manager is looking for an assistant nowadays. You want to recommend your classmate Mary to work in your company. Write a letter to the HR Manager introducing the basic information of Mary outlining your descriptions on her showing her competence for this position pointing out what benefits she can bring to the company.正确答案：Dear Mike, I’m writing to recommend my classmate Mary as the assistant of our General Manager. Mary is my classmate in senior middle school and I know about her very much. She has been a good student even from middle school and worked as a Manager Assistant in a car company for five years after graduation from the famous TTT college as an secretarial major. As far as I know, she is very honest and hardworking in her job, and has been rewarded the “employee of the year” in her previous company five times in a row. Her easy-going character and her optimistic attitude for everything make her popular wherever she goes. She has to leave the former job because the company is not doing well and has to lay off some workers of service positions. She is experienced in her job as a Manager Assistant and is skilled in computer and can speak English very fluently. She is familiar with the position and will surely meet every demand at work. Her skills in handling complex situations enable her to perform well in different situations. What’s more, her ability in shorthand and her good memory will be of great help to our general manager. Therefore, I recommend her to fill the position as she is a competent assistant and can help to fulfill our goals. I hope you can consider my recommendation and would be very thankful if you could inform me of the result as soon as possible. Yours faithfully, Simon Paul。
专四模拟试题附参考答案（2020年整理）.doc
专四模拟试题附参考答案（2020年整理）.doc专四模拟试题附参考答案（1）Part III Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The “standard of living” of any country means the average pe rson's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, ____31_______, depends first and 32 on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money 33 on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services”such as transport and “__34 __ ” .A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of 35 have an effect on one another. Wealth depends 36 a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a 37 climate; other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources 38 the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well 39 as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civiland 40 wars, and 41 this and other reasons was 42 to develop herresources. 43 and stable political conditions,and 44 _____ from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equallywell 45 by nature but less well ordered.A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed 46 it own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through internationaltrade. 47 Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend onlyon 48 _ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would 49 be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturingcapacity, 50 that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.31. A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless D. furthermore32. A. primary B. principal C. foremost D. uniquely33. A. or B. nor C. but D. except34. A. recreation B. enlightenment C. refreshment D. entertainment35. A. if B. them C.which D. that36. A. with B. for C.to D. on37. A. neutral B. favorable C.virtuous D. marine38. A. comes B. come C.coming D. came39. A. off B. known C.done D. furnished40. A. military B. external C.contemporary D. domestic41. A. for B. because C. because of D. due to42. A. Impossible B. Incapable C. unable D. proficient43. A. Strong B. Sturdy C. Sound D. Robust44. A. liberty B. freedom C.prevention D. liberation45. A .assisted B. avenged C.rescued D. served46. A. with B. within C. near D.without47. A. In short B. For example C. firstly D.On one hand48. A. those B. what C. that D. it49. A. likely B. likewise C. certainly D.otherwise50. A. provided B. depended C. given D.supposedPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence thereare four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. We often advise him not to drink more wine __________is good for his health.A. asB. thanC.that D. but52. It is necessary that an efficient worker __________his work on time.A. accomplishesB. can accomplishC. accomplishD. has accomplished53. My father will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that he__________ today.A. was comingB. is comingC. will comeD. come54. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to havefactual knowledge __________ our thinking.A which to be based on B. which to be base uponC. upon which to baseD. to which to be based55. I didn't call to make my airline reservation, but I __________.A. should haveB. may haveC. must haveD. shall have56. It’s the first time that she has been to the United States,__________?A. isn't sheB. hasn't sheC. isn't itD. hasn't it57. I think that the labor bill will pass; it's ____________that it will.A. almost surelyB. very likelyC. near positiveD. quite certainly58. An increase in a nation's money supply, without an accompanying increase in economic activity, __________result in higher prices.A. tendsB. tends theC. tending toD. will tend to59. X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make__________details that are otherwise impossible to observe.A. it visibleB. visiblyD. they are visible60. Prices for bikes at that store run__________250 dollars.A. as high asB. as high toC. so high toD. so high as61. He will not be __________ to vote in this year's election.A. enough oldB. as old enoughC. old enoughD. enough old as62. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions __________a politician.A. suchB. moreC. asD. than63. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree__________.A. my education will be employed by the universityB. employment will be given to me by the universityC. the university will employ meD. I will be employed by the university64. If Bob's wife won't agree to sign the papers, ____________.A. neither he willB. neither will heC. neither won't heD. he won't neither65. _____ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As66. A violent revolution having broken out, all the ports of that country were laid under a(n) ______.A. boycottB. embargoD. ban67. Since_________ can't work in the United States without a permit, so it is of great importance for them to present their credentials to the government.A. emigrantsB. expatriatesC.migrants D. immigrants68. Most investors are taught at the very beginning that there is no place for __________in investment markets.A. feelingB. emotionC. passionD. sentiment69. I__________ my ordinary income by doing some part-time work.A. complimentB. ComplementC. supplementD. implement70. Before the statue could be __________to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.A. transformedB.transportedC. transferredD. transmitted71. The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage__________upon the world by the war,A. imposedB. impressedC.compelled D. compressed72. Roger, who __________in courage, is highly respected by all his peers in the villages.A. boundsB. possessesC.declares D. abounds73. The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only_________ by a river.B. availableC.obtainable D. achievable74. He__________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.A. continuallyB. continuouslyC.consistently D. constantly75. Being a man of _________ and public spirit. Mr. Russell labored zealously to advance the interest of the community and was much interested in bringing new manufacturing interests to Waterloo.A. firmB. enterpriseC. companyD. corporation76. When people do things wrong we should try hard to forgive them, as the idiom goes, “To ______ is human.”A. referB. conferC. deferD. err77. Although gaining a job as a real __________agent or broker may be relatively easy, beginning agents and brokers may face competition from well-established, more experienced ones.A. propertyB. estateC. houseD. assets78. The constitution of the State required that property should be__________for taxation at its market value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC.evaluated D. valued79. On June 15, 1909, after Scott finished his rushed plans for his________ to the South Pole, he departed from England.A. tourB. voyageC. expedition80. The government authority had to __________oil and other products so that it would not run out during war.A. shareB. fareC.provide D. rationPART V READINGCOMPREHENSION[25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AAll Sir William Jones wanted to do was to learn Sanskrit. While he was studying, however, he made a surprising discovery. This ancient language of India was amazingly similar to Latin and Greek. The Sanskrit word for "mother"—matar—was almost identical to the Latin word, mater. “Father” was pitar in Sanskrit, pater in Latin and Greek. The more he studied, the more similarities he found.How could this be? Thousands of miles and many natural barriers separated India and Europe. Still, Jones concluded, the similarities were too strong to be accidental. In 1786, he announced “No one could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source.”Since then, scholars have traced many languages to this “common source.” Today, these languages are called the Indo-European family. But where did this source originate? Language and geography provide the clues. European languages have similar words for the animals and trees of northern Europe, such as oak, willow, bear, and wolf. There are no common words for the animals and trees of southern Europe.To scholars, this suggests that the Indo-European languages began in north central Europe. In time, some northern Europeans set out toward the east, settling in Iran, India, and Pakistan. Others migrated westward toward southern and western Europe. The root language developed into dozens of different languages, but the family resemblances remain. The word for “three” is drei in German, tres in Spanish, tre in Albanian, and tri in Russian.Almost every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family, but there are exceptions. Hungarian and Finnish cling to other language families. High in the Pyrenees, the Basque people speak a language that has no known relatives. Perhaps the Basques were the original inhabitants of the region. Isolated by mountains, they may have been bypassed by the spread of Indo-European culture.81. What did Sir William Jones discover when he was learning Sanskrit?A. Sanskrit was very similar to some European languages.B. Sanskrit was an ancient language.C. The Sanskrit word for mother is the same as that in Latin.D. Latin and Greek were very similar.82. Which of the following statements is true about "the common source"?A. Jones found out the common source.B. All languages sprang from the common source.C. Only three languages sprang from the common source.D. Since 1786, scholars have traced many languages to the common source.83. Where did the common source originate?A. In southernEurope.B. In north-central Europe.C. InIndia.D. in Pakistan.84. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Jones first discovered the root language.B. The languages with the common source are called the Indo-European family.C. The root language developed into different languages as people migrated.D. Every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family. TEXT BYour first culture shock came after you left your home country and you needed to adjust to the United States, It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the professional norms and become fully accepted. Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoidtypical traps that could cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and colleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.85. What is the purpose to learn cultural information?A. To know the U. S. A. better.B. To work better in the new environment.C. To make more money.D. To improve one's English.86. According to the passage, ___________ is not the policy's function.A. describing procedures, rules and standardsB. governing a countryC. helping to guide decision making and conductD. writing down the company's information87. ____________ is the best way to learn the organizational traditions.A. To read the policiesB. To study the philosophyC. To study a country's customsD. To observe and communicate with the colleagues and boss.88. How to make a more healthy cultural adjustment?A. Read this passage often.B. Discuss the organizational culture with your colleagues.C. Gather and review the formal and informal information in the corporation.D. Ask your boss for help.89. The passage is written to ___________.A. help readers to understand the organization's cultureB. explain the culture shockC. analyze the policies and traditionsD. help readers to work better with their supervisor and co-workersTEXT C“White hostility toward African Americans, and the resulting discrimination, have been fueled by a sense of threat. During slavery, many working-class whites, encouraged by slaveholders, feared the release of large numbers of blacks into the labor market and society in general. When northern industries used African Americans as strikebreakers in the first decades of this century, white workers feared the loss of their jobs. Today, many white Americans fear “black violence”. Moreover, specific fears about the “costs” of welfare as well as the "taking" of jobs through affirmative action have added to the fear of black violence.These fears have translated into negative stereotypes of African Americans as a people who are prone to crime and violence, unwilling to work, and a drain on the white taxpayer through their welfare dependency. In turn, these stereotypes have been used to justify informal discrimination, to prevent the help to the urban poor, to be negligent in enforcing laws or policies prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers, and most important, to hesitate in making a serious effort at job creation for African Americans. The result is that African Americans’ share of valued resources has not increased much over the last two decades, even as formal discrimination has been greatly lessened. This fact is used to further the negative belief that African Americans have "not taken advantage of their equal opportunities."90. According to the passage, how did the northern industries make use of African Americans in 1900s?A. Sent them to ask the strikers to go back to work.B. Made them work very hard.C. Employed them to threaten the white strikers.D. Released them into the labor market.91. What is the ill influence of these negative stereotypes?A. Giving help to the poor black.B. Justifying informal discrimination.C. Enforcing laws prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers.D. Creating opportunities of employment for the black.92. What can be inferred from "a drain on the white taxpayer" about the African Americans?A. They are unwilling to work.B. They never pay tax.C. They lack security.D. Their welfare depends on the white's tax.93. The author wrote the passage to tell us__________.A. African Americans pose a threat to the whites in employmentB. African Americans are dependent on the tax paid by the whitesC. African Americans are discriminated against because they are often on strikeD. the sense of threat intensifies the white's hospitality and discrimination against the African AmericansTEXT D“People thought of themselves as having rights from companies,” said Hoshua Freeman, a labor historian at Columbia University. That sense of entitlement grew even stronger in the early decades after World War II and collective bargaining became the arena for arguing out wages, pensions, health insurance, vacations, hours and job security.That system is disappearing today. Career-long attachments to one employer, a notion born in the 1920's, are no longer the .norm. The newclass-consciousness makes less distinction between workers and managers. Rights are relative, at best. An increasingly conservative electorate has reduced government's role in regulating the economy. Unions have lost influence and membership.What people do is try to cope, by themselves, said Ms. Skelly, of DYG. Self-employment is one solution, DYG's polls show, and that is a rising trend. "They try, on the job, to hide any weakness in their performance," she said. “They work longer hours and take work home, without letting the boss know, to give the impression that they can do difficult tasks quickly. There is nothing like, ‘we are all in this together.’ There is too much competition. People talk of their weakness to friends and spouses, but not to coworkers.”And many Americans feel in their hearts that the unemployment might be justified. “There is a sense among people that we are inefficient and bloated,” Ms. Skelly said. “And until they feel that is no longer true, they are reluctant to criticize the forces that are cutting out the fat and the inefficiencies.”94. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ___________.A. people do not enjoy their rights nowadaysB. people are more likely to change their jobs than they were in the 1920'sC. workers and managers share the same rights todayD. nowadays, people refuse to take part in the Union95. According to Ms Skelly, which of the following is true?A. People like to work overtime.B. People want to work at home.C. People want to impress the boss with their capability and efficiency.D. People need help from their families, for they cannot cope with difficult problems themselves.96. People hide their weakness from___________.A. their parentsB. their wives or husbandsC. their friendsD. their colleagues97. The main idea of the passage is___________.A. people thought of themselves as having rights from companiesB. people's sense of entitlement is not as strong as it used to beC. people work at homeD. people regard unemployment as usualTEXT EYou may not have thought of it just this way, but the letter you write is part of you, and expression of your personality. Therefore to write letters that are mere patterns of form is to present a colorless personality.Letters, by their very nature, are too individual to be standardized. A letter may be absolutely perfect according to the standards of good taste and good form; but unless it also expresses something of the writer's personality, it is not a good letter.In other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are just correct and nothing more. Try to write letters that are correct for you... letters that are warm and alive with reflections of your own personality.And if this sounds like a platitude (陈词滥调), stop for a moment and think back over your recent correspondence. What was the most interesting letter you received? Was it a letter anyone could have written? Or was it a letter that instantly “came alive” as you read it—that brought the personality of the sender right into the room with you. as though you were face to face, listening instead of reading?The fault with too many letters, today as in the past—the reason so many letters are dull and lifeless, and often fail to accomplish the purpose for which they are written is simply this: They sound exactly like the letters everyone else writes. They are neither exciting to receive nor stimulating to read.98. What does the author mean by saying “the letter you write is part of you”?A. Writing letters plays an important part in your life.B. When you write letters, you should be careful about what to write.C. People can see your personality from the letters you write.D. You should write good letters.99. What does the author want to explain in the fourth paragraph?A. A good letter presents one's personality.B. His opinion is a platitude.C. Letter-writing is interesting.D. Talking face to face is a better way to communicate than writing letters.100. The best title for the passage is___________.A. Letter WritingB. Personality in Letter WritingC. To Write Interesting LettersD. To Write Correct Letters PARTVI WRITING[45 MIN]SECTIONA COMPOSITION[35 MIN]We all know that men and women play different roles in modern society, and that they differ in many ways, such as how to perceive the world, how to tackle problems and how to approach people. Think about the issue and discuss the differentways in which men and women behave in terms of interpersonal relationships, expressing affection, friendship and views on beauty.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:The Different Approaches or Perceptions of Men and WomenYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state your view on this issue.In the second part, support your view with details or examples.In the last part, bring what, you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be rewarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTIONB NOTE-WRITING[10 MIN]Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are William or Aileen. You are invited this weekend to a farewell party hosted by your friend, Sandy, who is going abroad for his PhD. Study. However, you are unable to see him off. Write him a note politely declining his invitation and expressing your good wishes to him.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.参考答案Part III31-35BCCDC 36-40CBAAB 41-45ACCBD 46-50BBADAPart IV51-55BCACA 56-60CBDCA 61-65CCDBD 66-70BDDCB 71-75ADAAB 76-80DBBCDPart V81-84ADBC 85-89BBDCB 90-93CBDD 94-97BCDB 98-100CAB。
专业英语四级(作文)模拟试卷160(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（作文）模拟试卷160(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 6. WRITINGPART VI WRITING1．Read carefully the following excerpt on the importance of smart products to China’s empty-nesters, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: - summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then - comment on how new technologies such as the Internet-based products mentioned in the excerpt benefit the aged. You should support yourself with information from the excerpt. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The Smart Age for China’s Empty-nesters Every time Ai Yuanxi turns on the TV, the first pictures she sees are those from her son. He lives in Berlin and sends pictures of her 16-month-old grandson to her TV every day. “It’s amazing that you can receive pictures on TV,”says the 65-year-old grandmother, who lives in east China’s Hangzhou city. “It’s handy and the pictures are way bigger than those on cell phones or computer screens. It’s like my grandson is right in front of me. “As China’s population ages, some Internet-based products are becoming more user-friendly for the elderly who are less familiar with the technology. These smart products can help parents and their children maintain a comfortable distance, thus keeping close bonds without getting involved in each other’s life too much. The number of empty-nesters is rapidly growing with young people leaving their rural hometowns to seek opportunities in the cities. In big cities, the problem is no less serious, but even more complicated, particularly among families with well-educated children, as their offspring go abroad. Jiang Feng, founder of Judou Technology Company, says the buyers and users of the Judou TV box are different. The buyers are mostly in their 30s while the users are their parents who are in 60s. “Many children feel sorry about leaving their parents. The device offers a way to stay connected,” Jiang says. The box enables young people to download a film from the Internet directly to their parents’TV, which might be thousands of kilometers away. Parents can video chat with the family on TV while the children can answer video calls on their cell phones any time. Jiang says old people are curious about new technology, just like young people, but the fear of being incompetent intimidates them. “So when designing products for them, my guiding principle is making them easy to use. “正确答案：The Smart Age as Good News tor China’s Empty-nesters In today’s China, more and more young people leave their hometowns for the sake of better opportunities in big cities or even abroad, leaving their parents at home. Thanks to the user-friendly smart Internet-based products, these lonely souls can have an instant telecommunication with their faraway family members. In my viewpoint,devices that facilitate the old generation, especially the empty-nesters, should be promoted for the following two reasons. First of all, unlike the youngsters who are obsessed with the Internet-oriented entertainment, the older generation focus more on the basic function of smart gadgets—communication. Smart products narrow the geographical distance, which, as a result, seems not a barrier in the least for their communication. For example, telecommunication in the form of video chat makes it not an issue at all—empty-nesters can keep a close bond with their children wherever they are. This definitely helps comfort the solitary hearts and repel the turgidity of their life at dusk. Besides, on top of communication, empty-nesters can make emergency calls through smartphones connected with hospital aids or their emergency contacts in case of a sudden illness. The first-hand aid will arrive duly with the least delay, which will save the extremely valuable time for a dying person. In conclusion, the benefits brought by new technology for the empty-nesters should be cheered and touted. Innovation clusters should not neglect the urgent call of the old but rather bulldoze the inconvenience that intimidates the old.解析：本题要求讨论以下现象：越来越多的年轻人背井离乡，独自留守在家的老人被称为“空巢老人”，然而以网络为基础的高科技和新技术使得他们之间的交流不再成为难题。
大学英语四级模拟试卷148(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷148(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1． A Letter of Consolation 1．询问同学病情，表示关切2．谈谈班级近况，表达思念之情3．表达希望同学早日康复返校的良好祝愿正确答案：Sample WritingA Letter of ConsolationDear friend, Are you feeling any better these days? We’re all concerned about your health. Perhaps I don’t know exactly what illness feels like, but I guess that the days in hospital must be boring. It has been three weeks since you left and all your roommates have started to miss you and your jokes. You always had a funny story to tell at bedtime in the dorm. How we enjoyed it all! Over the past three weeks, nothing much has happened. Everybody is busy with study since the mid-term exams are around the corner. You needn’t worry too much about missing the exam. The teacher knows all about your case and she told me that a makeup test could be arranged when you are back. Valuable as the study is, more important is your own body. Don’t worry too much about lessons. I will keep all the notes in class for you, and when you are back at school I’ll help you to catch up. Be sure to follow the advices of the doctor and make a point of doing some exercises every day. What I want to say is that we, the friends around you, are waiting for your coming back. Yours SincerelyWu YeqiongPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.The “Never-Stop”Blogging To celebrate four years of marriage, Richard Wiggins and his wife, Judy Matthews, recently spent a week in Key West(基韦斯特市). Early on the morning of their anniversary, Ms. Matthews heard her husband get up and go into the bathroom. He stayed there for a long time. “I didn’t hear any water running, so I wondered what was going on,”Ms. Matthews said. When she knocked on the door, she found him seated with his laptop balanced on his knees, typing into his Web log, a collection of observations about the technical world, over a wireless link.The increasing biogging Blogging is a pastime for many, even a livelihood for a few. For some, it becomes an obsession (沉迷). Such bloggers oftenfeel compelled to write several times daily and feel anxious if they don’t keep up. As they spend more time sitting in front of their computers, they neglect family, friends and jobs. They blog at home, at work and on the road. They blog openly or sometimes, like Mr. Wiggins, quietly so as not to call attention to their habit. The number of bloggers has grown quickly, thanks to sites like , which makes it easy to set up a biog. Technorati, a blog-tracking service, has counted some 2.5 million blogs. Of course, most of those millions are abandoned or, at best, maintained infrequently. For many bloggers, the novelty soon wears off and their persistence fades. Sometimes, too, the realization that no one is reading sets in. A few blogs have thousands of readers, but never have so many people written so much to be read by so few. By Jupiter Research’s estimate, only 4 percent of online users read blogs.The self. talking Mr. Wiggins Indeed, if a blog is compared to a conversation between a writer and readers, bloggers like Mr. Wiggins are having conversations largely with themselves. Mr. Wiggins, 48, a senior information technologist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, does not know how many readers he has; he suspects it’s not many. But that does not seem to bother him. “I’m just getting something off my chest,” he said. Nor is he deterred(妨碍) by the fact that he endeavors for hours at a time on his blog for no money. He gets satisfaction in other ways. “Sometimes there’s an ‘I told you so’ aspect to it,” he said. Recent reflections on wigblog, blogspot, com have focused on Gmail, Google’s new e-mail service. Mr. Wiggins points with pride to Wigblog posts that voiced early privacy concerns about Gmail.Being addicted Perhaps a chronically small audience is a blessing. For it seems that the more popular a blog becomes, the more some bloggers feel the need to post. Mr. Pierce, who lives in Hollywood and works as a scheduler in the entertainment industry, said blogging began to feel like an addiction when he noticed that he would rather be with his computer than with his girlfriend -- for technical reasons. “She’s got an iMac, and I don’t like her computer,” Mr. Pierce said. When he is at his girlfriend’s house, he’s getting ants in his pants. “We have little fights because I want to go home and write my thing,” he said. Mr. Pierce described the rush he gets from what he called “the fix” provided by his biog. “The pleasure of reply is twofold,” he said, “You can have instant response; you’re going to hear about something really good or bad. And if I feel like I’ve written something good, it’s enjoyable to go back and read it. And, like most addictions, those feelings go away quickly. So I have to do it again and again. It is not uncommon among bloggers.”A sense of achievement Joseph Lorenzo Hall, 26, a graduate student at the School of Information Management and Systems at the University of California at Berkeley who has studied bloggers, said that for some people blogging has replaced e-mail as a way to procrastinate (耽搁) at work. People like Mr. Pierce, who devote much of their free time to the care and feeding of their own blogs and posting to other blogs, do so largely because it makes them feel productive even if it is not a paying job. Mr. Wiggins has missed deadline after deadline at Searcher, an online magazine for which he is a paid contributor. Barbara Quint, the editor of the magazine, said she did all she could to get him to deliver his columns on time. Then she discovered that Mr. Wiggins was busily posting articles to his blog instead of sending her the ones he had promised, see said.“Here he is working all night on something read by five second cousins and a dog, and I’m willing to pay him,” she said. Ms. Quint has grown more understanding of his reasons, if not entirely sympathetic. “The Web’s illusion of immortality(不朽的名声) is sometimes more attractive than actual cash,”she said.Blogging as routine Mr. Jarvis characterizes the blogging way of life as a routine rather than an obsession. “It’s a habit,”he said. “What you’re really doing is telling people about something that they might find interesting. When that becomes part of your life, when you start thinking in blog, it becomes part of you.”Blog fatigue Suffering from a similar form of “blog fatigue,”Bill Barol, a freelance writer in Santa Monica, California, simply stopped altogether after four years of nearly constant blogging. “It was starting to feel like work, and it was never supposed to be a job,”Mr. Barol said, “It was supposed to be an anti- job.” Even with some 200 visitors to his blog each day, he has not posted to his blog since returning from a month of travel. Still, Mr. Barol said, he does not rule out a return to blogging someday. “There is this attractive thing that happens, this kind of snowball-rolling-down-a-hill thing, where the sheer momentum (动力) of several years’ posting becomes very keenly felt,” he said. “And the absence of posting feels like -- I don’t know, laziness or something.2．The passage gives examples of some typical bloggers to describe blogging as a new way of online performance.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A解析：主旨题。
2023年12月大学英语四级作文真题及解析(完整版)
2023年12月大学英语四级作文真题及解析〔完好版〕2023年12月大学英语四级作文真题及解析〔完好版〕2023年12月大学英语四级考试已经完毕。
针对本次的四级作文话题“听比说重要”，今年的话题贴近生活，难度一般，方便同学们考场上展开阐述。
下面，我们给大家提供一篇参考范文，供参考。
As we all known, talking and listening are monly used in munication, but how can you talk without listening to others? Good conversation skills include much more than simply talking to others, listening is also a necessary quality of a successful person.I firmly believe that listening is of greater significance than talking. For one thing, If you can not listen correctly, you can not talk properly. Just imagine a world where everyone keep talking but nobody listening, it's useless to say anything then. For another, if you want to make achievement in socialsettings, relationships and business, one way to ensure your success is to be a great listener.2023年12月英语四级作文范文：活到老学到老2023年12月大学英语四级考试如期而至，今年四级作文题目之一是“活到老学到老”。
大学英语四级模拟试卷460(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷460(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 6. Error Correction 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: To Serve the People :Is It Going Out of Stye? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有些人认为“为人民服务”已经过时； 2. 另一些人则认为没有过时； 3. 我的看法。
To Serve the People: Is It Going Out of Style?正确答案：To Serve the People: Is It Going Out of Style? About 40 years ago, on the 3rd of March, Chairman Mao called upon the whole nation to “learn from Comrade Lei Feng and serve the people”. From then on, the whole nation has been responding enthusiastically to Mao’s teaching and trying every means to give help to those who needed. However, in recent years, with the development of market economy, great changes have taken place in our ways of thinking and modes of living. “To serve the people” has become a foolish and formalist slogan. Some people argue that the motto of serving the people is going out of style. They say that we are bom to be selfish creatures; even a baby will not give its candies to other kids, let alone the adult. On the other hand, in the present system of market economy, everyone is minding his own business, making his own money, and giving full play his potential capabilities. In a word, we just need to serve ourselves, our own interests. However, there are still other people who maintain that the virtue of serving the people will never be out of date. They assert that since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships, and the strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. In the service of other people’ around us, we are in fact serving ourselves. So far as I am concerned, I take sides with those who uphold the virtuous principle of serving the people whenever and wherever it is possible. In daily life, I am always ready to render service and help to everybody who does need it.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.You hear about the United Nations (UN) constantly in the news, although you might not always realize it. For example: “Peacekeeping”operations are sponsored by the United Nations. Currently, the UN has peacekeeping forces in more than a dozen different countries including Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Cyprus and Lebanon. There have been UN weapons inspectors in and out of Iraq for a dozen years. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is a UN agency that inspects the nuclear programs of nations to ensure that nuclear materials are not being diverted for military use. The Security Council is a UN organization that makes some of the most important international decisions on the planet. The Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol were UN sponsored efforts--the largest international environmental efforts ever. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a UN document ratified by the members of the General Assembly. The World Court or International Court of Justice in The Hague, the Netherlands, acts as the judicial portion of the United Nations and hears cases and international disputes from around the world. The World Health Organization is a UN program. UNICEF is a UN program. Originally, UNICEF helped children affected by WWII. Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the UN, is often in the news. The UN has this remarkable influence because nearly every nation on the planet is a member. In this article, you will learn the basics of the United Nations so you can grasp the scope and reach of its operations. The next time you hear about the UN on the news, you will have a much better understanding of this international organization. What is the UN? The United Nations was born on October 24, 1945, shortly after World War Ⅱ(which officially ended on August 15, 1945 ). Its primary goals focus on world peace and the international desire to prevent another world war. The UN has 191 member nations--nearly every nation on the planet. All of them have signed on to the UN Charter, which was originally written in 1945 by the representatives of 50 different countries. Organization The UN Charter sets up an organization that includes six “organs.” Two of these--the General Assembly and the Security Council--are in the news quite a bit. The others are less visible. The General Assembly In the General Assembly, every member nation gets one vote. Any “ important question” for the general assembly requires a two-thirds majority for approval. The usual Important questions include: Recommendations on peace and security Election of members to organs Admission, suspension, and expulsion of members Budgetary matters All other matters are decided with a simple majority. Many of the proceedings of the General Assembly, are embodied in resolutions. The Security Council The goal of the Security Council, according to the UN Charter, is to focus on peace and security: “[UN] Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf... The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.”The Security Council has five permanent members (Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States) and ten members elected by the general assembly that serve two-year terms (currently Angola, Bulgaria,Cameroon, Chile, German, Guinea, Mexico, Pakistan, Spain and SyriA) . Historically, this organization was developed to encourage all of the allies from WWII to participate in the new United Nations when it was forming. On important matters, it is necessary to get nine members of the Security Council to agree. However: The five permanent members each have veto power, and any one of them can block any resolution of the Security Council. The smaller nations on the Security Council often get into extremely uncomfortable positions that can force them to vote in certain ways. Unlike the General Assembly, the Security Council is able to actively enforce its decisions. It can use economic sanctions or deploy forces as described in the UN Charter. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations. Should the Security Council consider that these measures would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take employ military forces, which are contributed by the member nations and form coalitions that serve the commanders chosen by the Security Council. You can see that, when all members of the Security Council decide that force is needed, the United Nations can bring together an impressive’arsenal to solve international problems. That is what happened in the 1991 Gulf War. Other Organs The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General (currently Kofi Annan), is a bureaucracy that keeps the UN running on a day-to-day basis. The Secretary-General has a great deal of power in the UN He can, for example, personally mediate disputes. He can bring matters before the Security Council. He is elected to a five-year term by the General Assembly, but his election can be vetoed by any of the permanent members of the Security Council. The Economic and Social Council has 54 elected members chosen by the General Assembly. It makes recommendations in, as the name indicates, economic and social matters. The International Court of Justice (the World Court) has 15 judges elected by the General Assembly (with Security Council approval). In this court, nations bring cases against other nations. The sixth organ specified by the UN Charter is the Trusteeship Council, but it ceased operations in 1994. Its job was to oversee territories such as those taken from conquered nations in WWII. The last territory either became a nation or merged with a nation in 1994. Funding Funding for the UN comes from the member nations. In the normal operating budget, the US covered 22% of the budget. Other big contributors: Japan (19.6%), Germany (9.8%), France (6.5%), the UK (5.6%), Italy (5.1%), Canada (2.6%) and Spain (2.5%). The General Assembly is in charge of ratifying a budget and deciding how much money each nation will pay into the system. Money gets divided into three areas: The normal UN operating budget The peacekeeping budget V oluntary contributions, mostly for humanitarian efforts2．UNICEF was founded as a UN program to provide help and assistance to children living in the third world countries.A．YC．NG正确答案：B解析：该句的句意为：联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)是作为联合国的一个项目而成立的，旨在帮助生活在第三世界国家的儿童。
大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.0°C, tiny particles of ice start forming in the water. Each particle becomes larger and then sticks to other particles, forming blocks of ice. Fish take in this water and tiny particles of ice also form inside a fish’s body. However, the AFP in the blood of the fish surrounds these particles, preventing them from sticking together to form bigger pieces of ice. The application of AFP is promising. For example, AFP can be used to alter the taste and texture of ice-cream. It can also be used to store meat and vegetables more effectively by protecting food products from the formation of ice. Another application is in medical field, as AFP can help preserve organs for transplantation without freezing them. Scientists have known about AFP for more than 30 years, yet few of the technologies that use the AFP exist today. The process of getting the necessary amount of AFP from fish to make products was only recently discovered. Some companies in the United States and Canada have already made products using AFP, but they have yet to become popular. Although some researchers in Japan discovered that some local fish contained AFP and succeeded in creating AFP in the laboratory, more research is necessary. AFP tests will continue for these fish out of the water.6．The Antifreeze Protein______.A．is a kind of protein that many fish have stored in their bodiesB．is found in certain fish that live in extremely cold waterC．increases the freezing process of water in the oceanD．is the key to finding the location offish in cold regions正确答案：B解析：细节题。