【2016两会中英双语介绍】全国人民代表大会

全国人民代表大会The National People's Congress来源：中国人大网/pc/12_4/2016-02/01/content_1962144.htm 因原网页排版及转载问题，文本内容因供参考| CATTI考试资料与资讯整理（一）全国人民代表大会的组织(1) The Organization of the NPC全国人民代表大会是中国的最高国家权力机关。

它由省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会，中国人民解放军军人代表大会，香港特别行政区全国人民代表大会代表选举会议，澳门特别行政区全国人民代表大会代表选举会议，台湾省籍同胞协商选举会议等35个选举单位依法选出的全国人民代表大会代表组成，每届任期5年。

第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议于2013年3月5日在北京召开。

在第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议召开前选出的第十二届全国人民代表大会代表共2987名。

The NPC is the highest organ of state power in China, it is composed of NPC deputies elect ed by such 35 electoral units as People’s Congresses of provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government the People’s Liberation Army．the deputy election council Of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region．the deputy election council of the Macao Special Administrative Region and the Taiwan compatriots’ consultation election council．Each congress is elected for a term of five years A total of 2987 deputies were elected to the current 11th NPC before the first session was convened.全国人民代表大会会议每年举行一次。

全国人民代表大会常务委员会认为必要，或者有五分之一以上的全国人民代表大会代表提议，可以临时召集全国人民代表大会会议。

The NPC meets in session once a year. An interim session of the NPC may be convened at any time if the Standing Committee of theNPC deems it necessary or if one-fifth or more of its deputies so propose.（二）全国人民代表大会的职权(2) Functions and Powers of the NPC●修改宪法并监督宪法的实施--To amend the Constitution and to supervise its enforcement.修宪权只属于全国人民代表大会。

宪法的修改，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会或者五分之一以上的全国人民代表大会代表提议，并由全国人民代表大会以全体代表的三分之二以上的多数通过。

1982年，全国人民代表大会通过了现行宪法。

此后，全国人民代表大会于1988年、1993年、1999年和2004年分别通过了四个宪法修正案。

为了维护宪法的尊严，保障宪法的实施，全国人民代表大会还负有监督宪法实施的职权。

Only the NPC has the power to amend the Constitution. Amendments to the Constitution must be proposed by the NPC Standing Committee or by one-fifth or more of the NPC deputies and they must be passed by a two-thirds majority vote of all deputies. It was comprehensively revised by the NPC in 1982. The current Constitution is the one promulgated and put into effect after this revision. Since then, the NPC also partially amended the Constitution on four different occasions in 1988, 1993, 1999 and 2004. To defend the dignity of the Constitution and guarantee its enforcement, the NPC also has the power to oversee its enforcement.--To enact and amend basic laws governing criminal offences, civil affairs, state organs and other matters.●制定和修改刑事、民事、国家机构的和其他的基本法律The NPC has enacted the Criminal Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Civil Law, the Civil Procedure Law, the Organic Law of the NPC, the Organic Law of the State Council, the Organic Law of Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments, the Organic Law of the People's Courts, the Organic Law of the People's Procuratorates, the Law on the Autonomy of Ethnic Minority Regions,the Electoral Law, and the Law on Deputies to the NPC and to the Local People's Congresses. The Marriage Law, the Citizenship Law, the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region were also enacted by the NPC.如刑法、刑事诉讼法、民法、民事诉讼法、全国人民代表大会组织法、国务院组织法、地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法、人民法院组织法、人民检察院组织法、民族区域自治法、选举法、代表法、婚姻法、国籍法、香港特别行政区基本法、澳门特别行政区基本法等，都是由全国人民代表大会制定的。

--To elect and appoint members to central state organs.● 选举、决定任命和罢免中央国家机构组成人员包括：选举中华人民共和国主席、副主席；选举全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长、副委员长、秘书长和委员；根据中华人民共和国主席的提名，决定国务院总理的人选；根据国务院总理的提名，决定国务院副总理、国务委员、各部部长、各委员会主任、中国人民银行行长、审计长、秘书长的人选；选举中央军事委员会主席；根据中央军事委员会主席的提名，决定中央军事委员会其他组成人员的人选；选举最高人民法院院长；选举最高人民检察院检察长。

全国人民代表大会还有权罢免上述人员。

The NPC elects the Chairman, Vice Chairmen, Secretary-General and other members of its Standing Committee. It elects the President and the Vice President of the People's Republic of China. It decides on the choice of the Premier of the State Council upon the nomination by the President of the People's Republic of China, and also decides on the choice of the Vice Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of ministries or commissions, Governor of the People's Bank of China, as well as the Auditor-General and the Secretary-General of the State Council o n the basis of the Premier’s nominations. It elects the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and decides all other members to the Central Military Commission based on the Central Military Commission Chairman's nominations. It also elects the President of the Supreme People's Court and the Procurator-Generalof the Supreme People's Procuratorate. The NPC also has the power to remove from office any of the above-mentioned officials.●决定国家重大事项--To determine major state issues.包括：审查和批准国民经济和社会发展计划和计划执行情况的报告；审查批准中央和地方预算草案及预算执行情况的报告；批准省、自治区和直辖市的建置；决定特别行政区的设立及其制度；决定战争和和平的问题等。