利用WordandPhrase和Antconc分析刘欣的口语
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
利用Word and Phrase和Antconc分析刘欣
的口语
作者：周一凡
来源：《校园英语·月末》2019年第13期
【摘要】今年5月30日，美国Fox Business Network的主播翠西和中国CGTN主播刘欣进
行了一场长达16分钟的对话。本文使用两款语料分析工具，Word and Phrase和Antconc来分
析对刘欣的口语，主要从其词汇的使用，包括用词丰富度，语言的精炼度和用词准确度探讨，
并为英语新闻工作者的口语提升提供建议，从语言层面打开中美平等对话的通道。
【关键词】用词丰富度;语言精练度;用词准确度;Word and Phrase;Antconc
【作者简介】周一凡，河北工业大学外国语学院。
一、引言
美国Fox Business Network主播翠西和中国CGTN主播刘欣展开了一场英语电视对话。此
次对话备受世界关注，十分考验中国英语主播的口语功底。总体来说，两位主播都是高水平语
言使用者，两人的口语文本具有一定的代表性，能够反映出一些英语新闻的特征，分析刘欣此
次对话的词汇使用能够为我国英语学习者和新闻工作者提供一些建议。
二、文本预处理
笔者通过网络获取了两人的对话内容，以txt.格式保存。最终得到翠西的口语文本为1086
个单词，刘欣的口语文本为1385个单词。（以下把翠西的口语文本记作Text 1，刘欣的口语
文本记作Text 2）
三、工具介绍
Word and phrase是一款由COCA的创建者伯明翰杨大学的Mark Davies制作的网站，能够
直观地显示文本的词频分布。网页上的词频范围是基于COCA语料库分布的，该软件共显示3
个词频范围：
1-500这个频率范围是指在COCA语料库中按照词语出现频率最多的前500个词语，占文
本比重最多，通常是冠词，系动词，助动词，人称代词，介词，疑问代词，连接词等，属于高
频词。
剑桥口语二中级文本-备课用
. Unit 1 a time to rememberA: Oh, i'm really sorry. Are you ok? B: I'm fine. But I’m not very good at this.A: Neither am I. Say are you from South America?B: Yes I am originally was born in Argentina.A: Did you grow up there?B: Yes i did, but my family moved here eight years ago when i was in high school.A: And where did you learn to rollerblade?B: Here in the park, this is only my second time.A: Well it's my first time; can you give me some lessons?B: Sure, just follow me.A:By the way,my name is Ted. B:And i'm Anna,nice to meet you. A: Hey hey, that was fun, thanks for the lesson.B: No problem, so tell me a little about yourself, what do you do? A: I work in a travel agency.B: Really? What do you do there? A: I'm in charge of their computers. B: Oh, so you are a computer specialist.A: Well, sort of. Yeah I guess so. B: That’s great, and then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I’m taking. A: Oh sure, but only if you promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.B: It’s a deal..A: Where are you from originally? Yu hungB: I’m from China, from near shanghaiA: And when did you move here? B: I came here after I graduate from college.That was in 1992. A: And what do you do now?B: I’m a transportation engineer. A: I see, so you are an immigrant to the United States?B: Yes that's right.A: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the US?B: Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer.There are so many things really. But I guess one of the biggest difficulties is that i don't have any relatives here.I mean i have a lot of friends,but that's not the same thing.In China,on holidays or the weekend,we visit relatives,it isn't the same here.A: And what do you miss the most from home?B: Oh, that’s easy.My mom's soup; she makes great soup.I really miss my mother's cookingA:Where are you from Ajay?B:I'm from India.A:And when did you move to the US?B:It was in 1991.A:Are you studying here at the moment?B:Not now.I came here as a. student,and graduated two yearsago.I'm working as a computertechnician.A:Aha.And what was it like when you first came here,was it difficult? B:Yeah,it was at times.The main difficulty i had was with the educational system.Things are very different here.T eaching methods,everything is very different from what i was used to in India.A:And what do you miss the most from India?B:To tell you the truth,after you are here for a while,you don't miss anything very much.Um,but i guess the weather and my family are the things i miss.And the quality of life,the quality of life is much nicer back home,frankly speaking. A:Hey,are these pictures of you when you were a kid?B:Yeah,that's me in front of my uncle's beach house.When i was a kid,we used to spend two weeks there every summer.A: Wow, i bet that was fun.B:Yeah,we always had a great time.Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach.I had a great shell collection.In fact,I think it's still up in the attic. A:Hey,I used to collect shells too when i was a kid,but my parents threw them out.A:You know what I remember the most about growing up?B:What?A:Visiting my grandparents'.house.You know,on holidays and stuff.They lived way out in the country and my grand dad had a horse named blacky.He taught me how to ride.I just love that horse and she loved me too.I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents' house.And everytime I came back,blacky remembered me.B: Oh, memories!Unit 2 Caught in the rush A: Why is there never a bus when you want one?B: Good question. There aren't enough buses on this route.A: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.B: Good idea.You should say that we need more subway lines too. A: Yeah, there should be more public transportation in general. B: And fewer cars, there’s too much traffic.A: Say, is that our bus coming. B: Yes it is,but look,it's full.A: Oh no, let’s go and get a cup of coffee, we can talk about this letter i'm going to write.A:So are you really going to write a letter to the paper?B:Sure,I'm going to say something about the buses.They are too old,we need more modern buses,nice air conditioned ones. A: And they need to put more buses on the road.B: Right.And there are too many cars downtown, and there isn't enough parkingA: That’s for sure.It's impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.B:I think they should ban private.cars downtown between nine and five .A: Oh, you mean, they shouldn't allow any cars expect taxies and buses during the regular work day.Hmm that sounds like a really good idea.A: Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is?B: There is one upstairs, across from the duty free shop.A: Oh thanks.Do you know what time it opens?B: It should be open now.It opens at 8am.A: Good, and can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city? B: You need to check at the transportation counter.it’s right down the hall.A: Ok, and just one more thing, do you know where the nearest restroom is?B: Right behind you, ma’am. See that sign?A: Oh, thanks a lot.A:Excuse me,it's me again.I'm sorry I need some more information if you don't mind? B:Not at all.A:Thanks.Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city?B:Well,it depends on the traffic of course.But it usually costs about forty dollars.A: Forty dollars? I guess I'll take the bus that means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast food place..B:Go upstairs and turn right,you'll see the snack bar on your left. A: Thanks very much, have a nice day.B: You too.Unit3 Time for changeF: What do you think?M: Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment. And the living room is huge!D: But the bedrooms are too small, and there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes.F: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.M: But that apartment was dark and dingy, and it was in a dangerous neighborhood.F: Let’s see if the real estate agent has something else to show us. F: Well, how do you like this place, then?D: Oh, it’s much better than that other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms, they are huge! M: Yes, they are nice and big.D: And there are two bathrooms, I can have my own bathroom.M: Yes, I guess you could.D: The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like those dark-green walls.F: Well, I’m sure we can change the color if you want to.A: So, where are you working now, Terry?T: Oh, I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it, though.A: That’s too bad, why not?T: Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.A: I know what you mean; I don’t.like my job, either. I wish I could find a better job.T: Actually, I don’t want to work at all anymore. I wish I had a lot of money, so I could retire now.A: Hmm, how old are you, Terry? T: um, 26.A: So how were things going with you and Susie, T erry?T: Oh, you didn’t know? She and I broke up a couple of months ago. We decided we needed a break from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again.A: I’m sure you will. T: I really hope so.So what kind of job would you like to look for? A: I’m not sure, but I’d love something that would involve travel. And I’d really like to move to another city. I’m sick of this place. I need to live somewhere more exciting.T: I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times.Unit 4 I’ve never heard of that Kathy: Hey, this sounds good.snails with garlic! Have you.ever eaten snails?John: No, I haven't.Kathy: Oh, they're delicious! I had them last time. Like to try some? John: No, thanks. They sound strange.Waitress: Have you decided on an appetizer yet?Kathy: Yes. I'll have the snails, please.Waitress: And you, sir?John: I think I'll have the fried brains.Kathy: Fried brains? Now,that really sounds strange!Kathy:Oh,good!Here comes the waitress now! Waitress: Here are your snails, madam! And for you, sir, the fried brains.John: Thank you!Kathy: Hmm, these snails are delicious. how are the brains? John:Well,I think they are…Yuck!Oh,sorry!I guess the brains are pretty strange after all!Um,I think I’m going to order something else if you don’t mind! Kathy: Oh, sure, go ahead! John: Miss, excuse me, miss! Waitress: Yes?John: Uh, I really don’t care for this appetizer.could you bring me something else?Waitress: Yes,of course.What would you like instead? Kathy: Try the snails.John:No,I don’t think so.I’ll tell you what.Just forget an appetizer for me.and bring me a nice,juicy. hamburger,medium rare.withfrench fries and a large soda!Kate: What's your favorite snack? Jim: Oh, it's a sandwich with peanut butter, honey, and a banana. It's really delicious! Kate: Ugh! I’ve never heard of that! How do you make it?Jim: Well, first, you take two slices of bread and spread peanut butter on them. Then cut a banana into small pieces and put them on one of the slices of bread. Finally, pour some honey over the bananas and put the other slice of bread on top. Yum!Kate: Yuck! It sounds awful! Kate: I’ll tell you what my favorite snack is, baked apple.Jim: Baked apple?Kate: uh-huh, it’s delicious and healthy!Jim: So, how do you make it? Kate: You take out the core of the apple with an apple corer. Then you fill the center of the apple with brown sugar and some raisins. Next, put it in a pan with a little water, and bake it in the ovan for about forty five minutes. Jim: Mmm, that does sound good.Unit 5 Going placeA: I’m so excited, we have two.weeks off! What are you going to do?B:I’m not sure!I guess I’ll just stay home,maybe I’ll catch up on my reading!What about you?Any plans?A: well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida.I’m going to take long walks along the beach everyday, and do lots of swimming.B: Sounds great!A: say, why don’t you come with us? we have plenty of room!B:Do you mean it? I’d love to!A: so what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy?Judy:Oh,I’m doing something really exotic this year!You know I went to Hawaii last year and iust stayed on the beach for two weeks,this year I’m going white water rafting.A: Ooh, that sounds great,but what is it exactly?Judy: oh, well, you know it’s in Colorado. they have all these trips down the rapids.the water gets really rough!I think it’ll be really exciting!oh I’m doing some rock climbing too.A: And you call that a vacation! D: hey mom, I want to backpack around Europe this summer, what do you think?M: Backpack around Europe? That sounds dangerous, you shoudn’t go by yourself.you ought to go with someone.D: Yes, I've thought of that!M: And you'd better talk to your.father first.D: I already did, he thinks it’s a great idea! He wants to come with me.Unit 6 sure no problem Mr. Field: Jason... Jason! Turn down the TV a little, please. Jason: Oh, but this is my favorite program!Mr. Field: I know. But it's very loud. Jason: OK. I'll turn it down.Mr. Field: That's better. Thanks. Mrs. Field: Lisa, please pick up your things.They're all over the living room floor. Lisa: In a minute, Mom. I'm on the phone.Mrs. Field: OK. But do it as soon as you hang up.Lisa: Sure. No problem!Mrs. Field: Goodness! Were we like this when we were kids? Mr. Field: Definitely!S: Have you noticed how forgetful dad is getting? He is always forgetting where his car keys are, it drives me crazy.D: And he can never find his glasses either.S: I know..D: You know what drives me crazy about mom?S: What?D: Those awful talk shows she watches on TV, she just loves them.S: Yeah, I think she watches them for hours every day.D: Oh, well, I guess they’re just getting old. I hope I never get like that.S: Me too, hey, let’s go and play a video game.D: Great idea, by the way, have you seen my glasses any where?George: Hi. I'm your new neighbor, George Rivera. I live next door. Stephanie: Oh, hi. I'm Stephanie Lee.George: So, you just moved in? Do you need anything? Stephanie: Not right now. But thanks.George: Well, let me know if you do. Um, by the way, would you mind turning your stereo down? The walls are really thin, so the sound goes right through to my apartment.Stephanie: Oh, I'm sorry! I didn't realize that. I'll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh, by the way, is there a good Italian restaurant in the neighborhood? George: Yeah. There's a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try their lasagna. It's delicious!.Unit 7 what’s this for? Daniel: Hey! Nice computer! What's this for?Andrea: That's a modem. It's used to connect the computer to the phone line, so I can send faxes and access the Internet.Daniel: So you can go on-line and all that?Andrea: Yes. And I use the World Wide Web for finding information on astronomy, movies, UFOs -just about anything.Daniel: Sports? Cars?Andrea: Uh-huh. And I can exchange information with people, too. I belong to a "chat group" on astronomy.Daniel: Hmm. I just use my computer to write letters and reports. Andrea: Why don't you get on the Internet? It's not really expensive. Daniel: Maybe I will. It sounds like fun.Andrea: I have such a great time working and playing on my computer. But you know the best thing about it?Daniel: What?Andrea: The best thing is that I can keep in touch with my family and friends without having to pick up the phone.Daniel: Oh, you use e-mail, right? Andrea: Right! At the beginning of the year, I was spending a fortune on long-distance calls to everyone back home. But now, my mom and my sister have email .so we can send each other messages almost everyday.Daniel: That sounds great!. Jennifer: I read the instructions,but I'm still not sure how to use my cellular phone.Richard: Actually, it's pretty easy. First of all, don't forget to turn it on.Jennifer: Got it!Richard: Then dial the number. And remember to press the "send" button.Jennifer: That's all?Richard: Pretty much. Just make sure to recharge the batteries every few weeks. And try not to drop it. It's fragile.Jennifer: Good advice. Richard: And one more thing: Be sure to pay the phone bill every month!Unit 8 Let’s celebrate Leo: Did you know next week is Halloween? It's on October 31. Natasha: So what do you do on Halloween? We don't have that holiday in Russia.Leo: Well, it's a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people's doors and ask for candy by saying the words "Trick or treat!"Natasha: Hmm. sounds interesting.Leo: But it's not just for kids. Lots of people have costume parties. Hey... my friend Pete is having a party. Would you like to go? Natasha: Sure. I'd love to.Natasha: So are we going to wear.costume to the party?Leo: Of course! That’s half the fun! Last year I rented this great Dracula costume. and this year I’m going as a clown. Natasha: A clown? Yes! You would make a good clown!Leo: Hey!Natasha: Oh, I’m just kidding! What about me? What kind of costume should I wear?Leo: Why don’t you go and as a witch? I saw a terrific witch outfit at the costume store! Natasha: Oh, a witch? Yeah, that’s a good idea! So after I scary people, you could make them laugh! A: You look beautiful in that kimono, Mari! Is this your wedding photo?B: Yes, it is!A: Do most Japanese women wear these kimonos when they get married.B: Yes! Many of them do! Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually changes into a western bridal dress during the reception!A: Oh, I didn’t know that!Unit 9 Back to the future Mr. Lee: The neighborhood sure has changed!Karen: What was this place like.before, Grandpa?Mr. Lee: Well, there used to be a grocery store right here on this corner. Hmm. It was pretty quiet. Not many people lived here then. Karen: These days, the population is growing fast.Mr. Lee: Yeah. I bet they'll tear down all these old buildings soon. In a few years, there will be just malls and high-rise apartments. Karen: Hey, that doesn't sound too bad!Mr. Lee: No, but I'll miss the old days.A: How long have you been living here? B: Oh, for over twenty years.A: And have you noticed a lot of changes during that time?B: Oh, yes, quite a few. This is a much nicer place to live now than it used to be. It’s much greener! When I first moved here, there weren’t many trees around. But over the last few years, the city has planted trees everywhere. It’s made such a difference..A: Oh, I feel awful, I really have to stop smoking!B: So why don’t you quit?A: Well, if I quit, I might gain weight!B: A lot of people do, but…A: and if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes! B: Well, you can always go on a diet!A: Oh, No, I’m terrible at losing weight on diets. So if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job, and …B: listen, it is hard to quit, but it’s not that hard. Do you want to how I did it?B：Well, giving up smoking isn’t really as hard as you think; I managed to do it so it can’t be that difficult. You should try a nicotine gum. You chew it just like a regular chewing gum, and you don’t feel like smokingA: Well, I guess it’s worth a try! Unit 10 I don’t like to work onweekendA: Any interesting jobs listed on the internet today?B: Well, there’re a lot of retail jobs.-selling clothes and stuff, but you have to work Saturdays and Sundays.A: hmm, I hate working on weekends.B: hmm, so do I. oh, here is a job in sales; it’s a job selling children’s books to bookstores.A: That sounds interesting.B: Yeah, let’s see, you need to have a driver’s license, and you have to work some evenings.A: I don’t mind working evenings during the week and I enjoy.driving. So what’s the phone number?B: It’s 798-3455.B: Deltat Education.A: hello, I’m calling about the job you advertised for sales person. Is it still available?B: Yes, it is.A: well, can you tell me something about the job?B: Sure. Our company sells educational books for children. We’re looking for part-time sales people to promote our books to local book stores.A: That sounds interesting. I’m a student, and I’m looking for part-time work.B: Oh, perhaps you’d like to come in for an interview.A: Yes, I would.B: Oh, just one thing we didn’t mention in the advertisement. Some of our books are in Spanish, so we’d like to hire someone who speaks Spanish.A: Oh as a matter of fact, I do! B: Good! Well, let me arrange a time for you to come in for an interview.A: I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I wanna do with my life. Have you thought about it, Brenda?B: Yes, I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.A: Maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative. And I.like working with kids.B: Oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatient.A: I know one thing I could never do.B: What’s that?A: I could never be a stockbroker because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.A: My history professor says I should think about a career in Politics. But I don’t think I’d make a good politician.B: Why not, Brenda?A: Oh, you know me, I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people. You know like giving speeches and things. And politicians have to speak in public all the time.B: That’s true. You know that reminds me of a problem I’m having.A: What is it?B: You know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well, my father wants me to be the manager.A: And you don’t want to?B: No, not at all. I’d be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.Unit 11 it’s really worth seeing F: We are now approaching the.famous Statue of Liberty, which has welcomed visitors to New Yerk Harbor since 1886.M: Wow, look at it, incredible, isn’t it?F: The statue was given to the United States by the people of France. It was designed by the French sculptor Bartholdi.M: It’s really huge. Do we get to go inside?F: Of course, we can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown. M: Stairs? There’s no elevator? F: Not to the top. But it’s just a hundred forty two steps.Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top. In case you’re wondering what the statue is made of it has a framework inside that’s made of iron, the outer skin is made of copper, the copper skin is only 2.4 millimeters thick. The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole thing together.The statue of liberty is a major tourist attraction and every year about 2 million people from all over the world come here to visit it.The Great Wall of China is the longest manmade structure ever built. It was built to protect one of the Chinese kingdoms. Much of what exists of the wall today was built during the Ming dynasty, in the late 1400. Although parts of wall are much older, and go back to around 200B.C.The wall is about 35 feet high, or 11 meters, and the stone road way runs along the top of it. The main part of wall stretches for about 2000 miles,.that is about 3400 kilometers.F: Hello.M: Oh, hello. I need some information. What currency is used in Japan?F: Where?M: In Japan.F: I’m not sure, isn’t it the Yen? M: Oh yes, and do they drive on the left or the right?F: I think the left but I’m not sure. M: Oh well, is English spoken much there?F: I really have no idea.M: Huh? Well, what about credit cards? Are American Express cards accepted there?F: How would I know?M: Well, you’re a travel agent, aren’t you?F: What? A travel agent? This is Linda’s hair salon.M: Oh, sorry, wrong number.Unit 12 It’s been a long time M: How did you get into Modeling, Stacy?F: Well, when I graduated from drama school. I moved to Los Angeles to look for a work as an actress. I was going to auditions everyday but I never got any parts and I was running out of money. M: So what did you do?F: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. While I was.working there, a customer offered me some work as a model. Within a few weeks I was modeling full time.M: Wow, what a lucky break.F: So Richard what did you do after you graduated?M: Well, I majored in English literature in college.F: uh-huh.M: So when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.F: Oh, really.M: Yeah, see. I’ve written a novel. And I’ve sent it to eight different publishers, but they all, ugh, rejected it. Say, would you like to read it, Stacy. I have it right here with me. F: Well, I’d love to read it, Richard, but not right now. Ugh, so, do you have a job or anything?M: Oh, yes. I’m in sales.F: Oh, where?M: Actually, I’m a salesclerk in a hardware store. But when my novel sells, I know I’ll be a best selling author, and I’ll make lots of money.Pete: Hey, Joan！I haven’t seen you in ages, what have you been doing?Joan: Nothing exciting. I‘ve been working two jobs for the last six monthsPete: How come?Joan: I am saving up money for a trip to EuropePete: Well, I’ve only been spending money. I quit my job to go to graduate school, I am.studying journalism.Joan: Really, how long have you been doing that?Pete: For 2 years, luckily I finish next month. I’m almost out of money.F: Hi Bob how is it going?Bob: Pretty good thanksF：I haven’t seen you for a while, what have you been up to? Bob: Well I‘ve been looking for a house to buy, I finally find one last month and move in next week. F：Gee, that’s terrific.Bob: Yeah, I’m really tired of dealing with landlords. So what have you been doing lately?F：Well I just got back from a vacation in Italy.Bob: Italy, Whereabouts in Italy? F：Mostly in the north around Milan, I have a cousin up there. Bob: I see, did you have a good time?F：Yeah, it was great. In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there Bob: You are kidding, well that must have been some vacation..Unit 13 A terrific books but aterrible movieM: Do you want to see a movie tonight?F1: Hmm. Maybe, what’s playing? F2: How about the new Steven Spielberg film? I hear it’s really exciting.F1: Who’s Steven Spielberg? M: You know. He directed Jaws, E.T, and Jurassic Park.F1: Oh, Jurassic Park was boring. The book by Michael Crichton was fascinating, but the movie was terrible!F2: Well, I’m interested in that new Johnny Depp movie. It’s a romance. It’s been playing for about a month.F1: Now that sounds good. I’ve never seen him in a romance, and I think he’s a wonderful actor! F1: You never saw Johnny Depp in Benny and Joon? That’s got to be one of my favorite movies of all time.F2: Actually, I did see that, it was ok.M: I saw it too,but I thought it was awful.F1: Well, I’ll call the theater and find out what time his movie starts. Hello, could you tell me what time the new Johnny Depp movie is playing tonight?F1: Oh really? Oh, ok thanks. You guys won’t believe this, the new Johnny Depp movie just finished playing last night.M: Oh, no.F1: Yeah, and guess what’s playing now..F2: What?F1: Hmm, Benny and Joon.F2: Well, so much for our going to the movies tonight. What else could we do?M: I have an idea. F2: What? M: The new skating rink opens tonight. Let’s go ice skating.F1: Ice skating. That sounds like fun.F2: Let’s do it.F: This John Grisham novel looks interesting.M: Oh, it is. It’s about a guy who joins a corrupt law firm and then can’t leave. Luckily he has a brave wife who helps him out of the mess.F: Hmm. Maybe I’ll read it. M: Well, the movie is even better. F: Oh, is that the movie that stars Tom Cruise?M: Yeah. Why don’t we rent the video?F: You don’t mind seeing it again? M: Not at all. You rent the video, and I’ll bring the popcorn.Unit 14 so that’s what it means M: Have you met Raj, the student from India?F: No, I haven’t.M: Well, he seems really nice, but there’s one thing I noticed. He moves his head from side to side when you talk to him. You know,.like this.F: Maybe it means he doesn’t understand you.M: No, I don’t think so.F: Or it could mean he doesn’t agree with you.M: Actually, people from India sometimes move their heads from side to side when they agree with what you’re saying.F: Oh, so that’s what it means!Ron: So how are things at school, Raj? Raj: Oh, pretty good, actually. Ron: Do you find it easy to communicate with people? Raj: Most of the time, though there are some things I find a bit unusual. For example, the way that people end a conversation. You know, they’ll say things like “Hey, let’s get together soon.”At first, I thought that they were inviting me to do something, but then I realized it’s just a way of saying goodbye. It’s not really an invitation at all. It takes a bit of getting used to..F: You know these high ways are really great, but the road signs are pretty confusing.M: hmm, what do these lines on the road mean?F: They must mean you aren’t allowed to pass here.M: No, I don’t think so. I’m going to pass this car in front of us. It’s going too slow. Now I wonder what that sign up ahead means. F: It may mean, you’ve got to take a left in this lane.M: Or maybe it means you can turn left if you want to. I think I’ll just go straight. M: um. Have you noticed that police car behind us?F: Oh, yeah.M: Oh, no, I’d better pull over. P: May I see your driver’s license please?M: Sure, of course. Did I do something wrong,officer?P: Well, for one thing you went over a double yellow line back there to pass a car.M: oh!P: A double yellow line means no passing. You can only pass when there’s a broken yellow line on your side.M: OhP: And another thing, you were in the left turn only lane, but you didn’t turn, you went straight through the intersection instead. M: Oh, I guess I did, officer, but~~~。
语料库课程(一)笔记解析
基本观点
词汇中心教学法坚持以词项（lexis）单词短 语结构为基本单位的语言观；重视频率在大缸 设计及教学中的作用；词汇中心教学法本质上 采取的是交际法，它强调将词项置于真实语言 素材中，并贯穿于真实任务中加以学习。同时 提倡学生自主的发现式学习。
Step1 打开Sub-corpus creator，导入seccel（只能导入 单个文件夹），显示文本文件，勾选case sensitive（区 分大小写），file contains “T1=”，获得男生/女生文本，保 存生成子库。
Step2 用PowerConc对两个子库进行比较。
2 趋势
small & specific
标记（mark-up）与标注
Sinclair和他的clean text policy （Sinclair认为语料库语言学应摒弃旧理论一切重来）
语料库语言学界对标注的态度（大部分研究者认为应该标 注），世界最大的语料库Bank of English可以进行词类检 索。
标注的主题
1. 人工标注 （Brown语料库） 2. 机器标注（准确率97-98%）
Step1:新建文件夹1：observeText 新建文件夹2：referenceCorpus
Step2：安装PowerGREP Step3: 设置PowerGREP （preferencegeneral,勾选1、2空格）
Step4: 格式转换（UTF-8转换成ANSI）：
1) 找到04Academic，单击右键，出现search with PowerGREP(若有子文件，选第search subfolders)
语言学习观：行为主义 （行为主义）
对初级阶段韩国留学生汉语口语语段衔接手段的考察和分析
对初级阶段韩国留学生汉语口语语段衔接手段的考察和分析[摘要]本文采用篇章语言学的理论和方法对中介语口语语段进行分析,试图发现初级阶段韩国留学生口语语段链接手段的使用情况和特点,并从逻辑连接成分这一具体角度上挖掘其使用的特点并进行了偏误分析。
[关键词]中介语口语语段分析常模参照衔接手段逻辑连接成分偏误分析一、选题对外汉语教学界对于如何进行语段语篇教学的需求越来越急切。
本文将研究限定在了对初级阶段韩国留学生口语语段的范围上。
二、研究方法（一）关于所选语料的一些说明本文所采用的中介语口语语料来自于对两名韩国汉语学习者为期一个月的辅导课口语录音转写。
两个人的汉语水平基本上处于初级阶段。
每次课上老师限定一个话题,学生自己组织语言展开话题。
最后9个话题一共收集了大概五千多字的语料。
（二）研究对象的确定衔接是一种语义上的联系,有两重意思：一种是语义上的联系,体现了语篇的连贯性；另一种是衔接纽带,是衔接的具体形式,属于语篇本身的、形式上的特点。
本文所讨论的主要是后一种意义上的衔接,一般称为"衔接手段,Halliday&Hasan给出了5种类型的衔接,即指称(reference)、替代(substitution),省略(ellipsis)、连接(conjunction)和词汇衔接(lexical cohesion)。
本文主要涉及句法和词汇层面的衔接手段,包括指称、替代、省略、逻辑连接和词汇衔接。
三、中介语口语语段衔接手段总体使用特点（一）分析方法为了更清楚地说明分析方法,在此以收集到的九个话题中的一个话题"送礼物"为例,进行分析。
而对其他语料的考察则均采用此种方法。
话题8：礼物表1：主题链之间的衔接情况表2：主题链内小句之间的衔接情况对以上数据进行汇总后,即可归纳出话题为"礼物"的口语语段主题链间和主题链内部的小句间所使用的衔接手段的总体情况。
这一情况包括各类衔接手段使用的数量及在总数中的百分比,如表3和表4：表3：主题链之间的各衔接手段使用情况表4：主题链内小句之间各衔接手段使用情况（二）常模参照语段衔接手段总体使用情况描述中介语口语语段衔接手段使用特点需要有一个常模参照。
2023年安徽省中考英语真题(解析版)
4.— Camping trips in spring have become very ________ in southern China.
9.— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me?
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A.makeB.have madeC.am makingD.was making
【答案】C
你将听到五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍
1. What class is the man taking?
A. B. C.
2. What did the man do last weekend?
A. B. C
3. What time is it now?
A. 4:45. B. 5:00. C. 5:15.
4. How does the woman feel?
A. Excited. B. Worried. C. Moved.
5. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a bookshop. C. In a hospital.
D.cause
【答案】B
【解析】
新教材译林版英语练习单元形成性评价Unit2Letstalkteens
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关闭Word文档返回原板块。
单元形成性评价(二) Unit 2(120分钟150分)第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1M: I want a pet. Should I get a dog or a cat?W: ①How about a fish? A dog or a cat is too much work. A fish is easy to take care of, and you can leave it alone for most of the day.1. What kind of pet does the woman suggest?A. A dog.B. A fish.C. A cat.答案: BText 2W: Excuse me. ②Could you tell me the way to the railway station, please?M: Sorry. I’m a stranger here, too. But why don’t you ask that man who is sitting in front of the grocery store? You see the store I’m talking about?The one next to the movie theater.2. Which place is the woman looking for?A. A grocery store.B. A movie theater.C. The railway station.答案: CText 3M: Linda, ③do you have everything ready for college? Did you pay housing fees, sign up for the meal plan and meet with your academic teachers?W: Yeah, I did that a few days ago.3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Preparations for college.B. Housing fees.C. Meal plans.答案: AText 4M: Hi, Joanne. It is not easy for a newcomer like me to find a book here. W: Don’t worry. ④At the beginning of every term, introductory tours will be given by the librarian.M: Oh, really? They are considerate.4. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a classroom.B. In a library.C. In a bookstore.答案: BText 5W: Oh, hi. What is your name again? ⑤I can’t keep straight all the students’ names in our Medical School.M: It’s okay, Miss Smith. I have a hard time remembering names.5. What’s the probable relationship between the speake rs?A. Teacher and student.B. Doctor and patient.C. Mother and son.答案: A第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
留学生汉语口语偏误案例分析
留学生汉语口语偏误案例分析——以《世界青年说》TK11的口语为例留学生汉语口语偏误案例分析——以《世界青年说》TK11的口语为例1摘要对在华留学生而言，运用标准的汉语流畅地进行表达是学习汉语的主要目标，而对教师而言，重视留学生的口语偏误，分析其原因，反思教学，将大大提高教学的效率，帮助学生顺利实现学习目标。
作为中高级汉语水平的留学生代表，《世界青年说》中的TK11在节目中的发言反映了在华留学生汉语学习上的问题，他们在语音、词汇和语法等方面仍存在较多的偏误，甚至大部分偏误与其初、中期的学习有关，这些偏误在目的语国家的学习环境下都很难被消除，学习时如不及时发现和解决，问题将伴随学习者的整个学习过程，导致将来的学习出现石化现象，笔者感到做此项调查研究的必要性和迫切性。
本文共分为五章。
第一章，对关于留学生口语偏误的国内研究现状进行总结；第二章，立足于相关文献和资料，说明口语偏误的定义和类别；第三章，以《世界青年说》TK11的口语为语料，采用统计分析、偏误分析等方法，分析留学生口语中的偏误，其中包含语音、词汇、语法等方面，总结出口语偏误的原因；第四章，根据研究结果，提出对汉语口语教学有可行性的建议。
第五章是结语。
关键词：偏误；语音；词汇；语法；对外汉语教学1语料转写自江苏卫视《世界青年说》2015-2017年的节目视频。
TK 是英文The Key 的简称，组合名为TK11，即关键11人，成员是来自11个不同的国家的留学生。
A Case Study of Chinese Speaking Errors of Foreign Students -- Take the Spoken Language of TK11 of World Youth Talk as anExampleAbstractFor foreign students studying in China, using standard Chinese to express fluently is the main goal of learning Chinese. For teachers, paying attention to the oral errors of foreign students, analyzing their causes and reflecting on teaching will greatly improve the efficiency of teaching and help students to achieve their learning goals smoothly. As a representative of middle and senior level Chinese students, TK11's speech in the A Bright World reflects the problems in Chinese learning of overseas students in China. They still have many errors in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, and most of them are related to their early and middle-term learning. Even in the learning environment of the target country, these biases are difficult to eliminate. If they are not found and solved in time, the problems will accompany the whole learning process of learners, leading to fossilization in future learning. The author thinks that doing this research is necessary and urgent.This paper is divided into five chapters. The author mainly sums up the present studying situation in oral Chinese errors of foreign students in the first chapter; in the second chapter, based on the relevant literature and materials, the author will explain the definition and category of oral errors; in the third chapter, The author takes the spoken language of TK11 in A Bright World as the corpus, and analyzes the errors in the spoken English of foreign students by means of statistical analysis and error analysis, including pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, and summarizes the reasons for the errors in the spoken English. In the fourth chapter, there are some possible suggestions on oral Chinese teaching based on the research results. The fifth chapter is the conclusion.Keywords: Corpus; Error; Pronunciation; Vocabulary; Grammar; Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language目录一、引言 (1)（一）选题缘由 (1)（二）研究现状 (1)（三）研究内容和研究意义 (3)（四）研究方法和语料来源 (3)二、《世界青年说》TK11口语偏误分析 (3)（一）口语偏误的定义 (3)（二）语音偏误分析 (4)（三）词汇偏误分析 (10)（四）语法偏误分析 (13)三、《世界青年说》TK11口语偏误原因分析 (15)（一）语音偏误原因 (15)（二）词汇偏误原因 (16)（三）语法偏误原因 (17)四、对汉语口语教学的建议 (17)五、结语 (18)参考文献 (19)谢辞 (20)一、引言（一）选题缘由近年来，到华学习汉语的留学生与日俱增。
剑桥BEC真题中级第二辑口语解析(Part 2)
第二辑Test 1Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Entertaining clients●Types of activities●Cost【词汇＆短语】促销赠品Complimentary presents 迎宾室Hospitality room招待费Entertainment allowance 定制Customize针对个人Personalize 有目的的Purposeful商业目的Business objectives 客户需求Customer demand包间Compartment 舒适的Cozy【句型点击】●间歇、停顿How shall I put it? 怎么说呢？Well, what I trying to say is…….. 我想说的是……..I’d like to begin by……●个人想法In my opinion, I’d say that…..The point is that…….Well, we should….【参考范例】Entertaining clients is not an easy job and should be handling appropriately and enjoyably. It contains more than just a wonderful meal, a sightseeing tour or a shopping trip. Good hospitality events can impress clients in a unique manner in and outside of the office.When entertaining clients, we should decide the types of activities according to their interest and favorites. Moreover, these activities should help us achieve our business objectives, for example, we can have an intimate discussion about business with our clients during a meal in a cozy compartment where both where both sides tend to be more relaxed. In addition, we have to mix business with pleasure effectively so our clients won’t feel that we are too purposeful.Cost is anther importan t factor when designing activities for clients. Higher expenses don’t necessarily to greater satisfaction, and in some cases, the clients will be overwhelmed with our kindness. Therefore, when entertaining clients, sincerity appears to be more important, upon which a long and a steady business relationship is based.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Choosing retail premises to rent●Location●Length of contract【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】房东landlord 利润空间profit margin租户tenant 房屋结构building structure可持续发展sustainable development 合同到期exploration of contract繁荣boom prosperity 续签合同renew the contract租金rent 押金deposit【句型点击】●观点阐述Well, it seems to me that…….T hat’s true, but on the other hand…..●追加观点That’s just what/all I was thinking…..Well, the point I’m trying to make it that……Another thing I want to mention is……【参考范例】When aiming to choose retail premises, you should always put the location on the top of your list. An ideal retail premises should be situated in the downtown district or a big residential area where the sources of the customers is guaranteed, in China, A lot of businessman believe in Fengshui and they think a good location is vital to the success of business.Besides, the length of contract is also an important factor in choosing retail premises because the retailer need time to develop market and customers. A steady and uninterrupted business environment is most desired, and a long-term contract will ensure the retailer’s sustainable development.What’s more, rent and means of payment should never be overlooked, retailers in general have a big cash flow, therefore, a reasonable rent and flexible means of payment are good for their capital turnover. A cooperative landlord is preferred and necessary for a win-win situation.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Deciding on packaging for products●Image●Production process【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】包装材料wrapper，packaging material 不可再生资源non-renewable resources包装设计package design 有利环境的environmental-friendly顾客的青睐customer favor 肤浅的，表明的superficial【句型点击】●自然过渡How shall I put it? 怎么说呢？Actually…..That’s just how I see it …..●个人观点Personally, I thi nk…..Frankly, I think….【参考范例】Packing of products concerns the fate of products because it arouses people’s desire for purchase. When deciding on packaging for products, we should take several things into consideration.First of all, the image catches the eye of potential customers, people are sometimes skin deep when surrounded by a variety of products, their decisions are simply based upon the packaging, therefore a thoughtful design in color, shape and packaging materials is crucial in winn ing customer’s favor.On the other hand, the cost of packaging should be carefully dealt with because it is contained in the prices of the products. Increased price will make the products less competitive in a buyer’s market. After all, in comparison with packaging, people are more sensitive to price.Last but not least, our resources are limited and some are even non-renewable. Once the products are opened up, the wrapper are useless, so it is expected that designers can develop further uses of packaging materials or at least make them environmental-friendly.第二辑Test 2Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Selecting staff for promotion●Attitude to work●Current performance【词汇&短语】空缺职位vacancy 人事部personnel行政管理部administration 公关public relations总部head office 工资wages and salaries管理技能managerial skill 职业前景career prospect人力资源部human resources 团队协作teamwork【句型点击】●常用开始语Thank you for your questionThe answer is…Let me start with….In my viewIt is very likely that….●表达观点常用句What I am thinking is….Let me make my point very clear.It is crystal clear that…..There is no doubt that…..I am into the first opinion..【句型点击】When selecting staff for promotion, several factors should be taken into consideration, to begin with, the attitude to the work is one of the most fundamental elements. I believe attitude is everything. It is not uncommon to find workers who have great talents but are reluctant to make full contribution in their position, the point is, you have to love what you are doing and you have to try your utmost and reserve no effort to do it.Secondly, current performance is also very important, because it is obvious that attitude and effort have to be measured in a certain way so that you can know everyone’s capability.Thirdly, you can’t ignore career potential and adaptability, almost in every company, we can find employees who are excellent individuals but fail to cooperate in a team, these elements are all very essential in one’s career. Admittedly, it is not very likely to find all of them in one person, and then you have to consider about the specific position and grant priority to one of them.Topic B: WHAT IS I MPORTANT WHEN ……?Considering a career change●Further study or training●Opportunities for future promotion【词汇&短语】实际工资real wages 合并merger最终目标ultimate goal 个人收入personal income坏的影响adverse effect 工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading 无形资产intangible assets资格qualification 投资回报return on investment【句型点击】●更倾向于某一个选项I would take …….. as my priority 我会把……..作为我的首选项。
2024年重庆市中考英语真题A卷(附答案)
2024年重庆市中考英语真题A卷（附答案）（全卷共九个大题满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1.试题的答案书写在答题卡上，不得在试题卷上直接作答。
2.作答前认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项。
3.考试结束，由监考人员将试题卷和答题卡一并收回。
第Ⅰ卷（共95分）Ⅰ.听力测试。
（共30分）第一节（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Nice to meet you,too.B.Good afternoon.C.I’m fine.【答案】A【解析】【原文】略2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thank you.B.This is Jane.C.What a pity.【答案】B【解析】【原文】略3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.That’s all right.B.Yes,please.C.Never mind.【答案】B【解析】【原文】略4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.It’s red.B.It’s long.C.It’s20yuan.【答案】C【解析】【原文】略5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.It doesn’t matter.B.Good idea.C.Not at all.【答案】B【解析】【原文】略6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Well done.B.Have fun.C.Sure,I will.【答案】C【解析】【原文】略第二节（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A./dres/.B./desk/.C./dæns/.【答案】A【解析】【原文】略8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Cards.B.Flowers.C.Cakes.【答案】B【解析】【原文】略9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.To the zoo.B.To the cinema.C.To the farm.【答案】C【解析】【原文】略10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Jenny’s father.B.Jenny’s mother.C.Jenny’s sister.【答案】C【解析】【原文】略11.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Because it’s relaxing.B.Because it’s interesting.C.Because it’s exciting.【答案】A【解析】【原文】略12.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. B. C.【答案】B【解析】【原文】略第三节（每小题1.5分，共6分）听两遍。
汉语二语口语韵律能力评估维度的任务类型效应
［收稿日期］2021-09-28［作者简介］高思畅，女，上海外国语大学国际文化交流学院讲师，博士，主要从事二语习得、二语测试研究。
电子邮箱：******************。
邹申，女，上海外国语大学英语学院教授，博士生导师，主要从事二语测试研究。
电子邮箱：*************。
［基金项目］上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“汉语作为第二语言学习者口语韵律发展研究”（2020EYY002）；上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队“人工智能发展中的语言习得与语言测试前沿研究”（2020114050）；汉考国际科研基金重点项目“汉语水平考试认知效度研究”（CTI2021A01）①感谢《华文教学与研究》编辑部匿名审稿专家的宝贵意见。
2023年第4期No.42023华文教学与研究TCSOL Studies总第92期Sum No.92汉语二语口语韵律能力评估维度的任务类型效应①高思畅1，邹申2（1.上海外国语大学国际文化交流学院，上海200083；2.上海外国语大学英语学院，上海200083）［关键词］二语韵律评估；汉语作为第二语言；任务效应［摘要］本研究考察汉语学习者在朗读篇章、听后复述和回答问题这三种口语任务上是否会体现出韵律能力的差异。
共有38名汉语二语学习者参与实验，16名评分员对这些参与者在3种口语题型上的韵律表现进行评估打分，评估维度包括韵律策略能力、自然度和流利度。
方差分析的结果显示学习者在回答问题上体现出更好的韵律策略能力和自然度，回答问题的流利度也优于听后复述任务，但与朗读任务并无差异；朗读与听后复述任务在三个韵律维度上的表现均无差异。
同时，通过相关性分析发现评分员在评估时对三个韵律维度的感知具有高相关性，且这三个维度均对韵律能力总分有较强的解释力，因此，在实际的口语能力评估中，不建议对韵律能力评估标准进行三个维度的细分。
［中图分类号］H014；H195.3［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1674-8174（2023）04-0059-091.引言第二语言的发音准确性需要掌握音段特征（辅音和元音）和超音段特征（韵律特征，包括语调、声调、重音和节奏等），其中，韵律与言语的可理解性（comprehensibility ）和可懂性（intelligibility ）息息相关（Anderson-Hsieh 、Johnson 、Koehler ，1992；Kang ，2012；Kang 、Ru⁃bin 、Pickering ，2010；Munro &Derwing ，1995a 、1995b ；Kang 、Rubin 、Pickering ，2010；Trofimov⁃ich &Isaacs ，2012；Trofimovich &Baker ，2006、2007）。
高中英语选择性必修第二册强化练习题--Unit 1—Unit 2(含答案与解析)
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册阶段达标检测Unit 1—Unit 2全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the weather be like tomorrow?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.2.How does the woman probably feel?A.Patient.B.Sorry.C.Annoyed.3.What is the man buying?A.A chair.B.A ladder.C.A bookcase.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Where to apply for jobs.B.How to deal with stress.C.When to go shopping.5.Why was the woman's credit card canceled?A.She had a poor income.B.She got into heavy debt.C.She made late payments.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the woman?A.A customer.B.A salesperson.C.A store manager.7.What does the man suggest the woman do?A.Make a complaint.B.Let go of her anger.C.Call the police.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。