定语从句
定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词定语从句是汉语中常用的一种句子结构，用来描述或限定名词的一些属性或特征。
在构建定语从句时，需要使用引导词来引导整个从句的开始。
以下是一些常见的定语从句引导词：1. 关系代词：关系代词用于引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
常见的关系代词有：关系代词：关系代词用于引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
常见的关系代词有：- 人称：用于指代人类的关系代词有“谁（who）”和“那（whom）”。
“谁”用作主语，而“那”用作宾语。
例如：“John is the man who(m) I met yesterday.”（约翰是我昨天遇到的那个人。
）人称：用于指代人类的关系代词有“谁（who）”和“那（whom）”。
“谁”用作主语，而“那”用作宾语。
例如：“John is the man who(m) I met yesterday.”（约翰是我昨天遇到的那个人。
）- 物称：用于指代事物的关系代词有“那（that）”和“ which”。
一般来说，“那”用于非限制性定语从句，而“which”用于限制性定语从句。
例如：“I bought a book that/which is interesting.”（我买了一本有趣的书。
）物称：用于指代事物的关系代词有“那（that）”和“ which”。
一般来说，“那”用于非限制性定语从句，而“which”用于限制性定语从句。
例如：“I bought a book that/which is interesting.”（我买了一本有趣的书。
）2. 关系副词：关系副词用于引导定语从句中充当状语的从句。
常见的关系副词包括：关系副词：关系副词用于引导定语从句中充当状语的从句。
常见的关系副词包括：- 地点：用于指代地点的关系副词有“where”。
例如：“This is the place where I grew up.”（这是我长大的地方。
）地点：用于指代地点的关系副词有“where”。
定语从句的特点
定语从句的特点定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，用于修饰名词或代词。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，并在主句中充当名词的修饰语。
定语从句有以下几个特点：1. 修饰名词或代词：定语从句主要用于修饰前面的名词或代词，以进一步说明或限定其含义。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）2. 位于名词之后：定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. （穿红裙子的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
）3. 与先行词有一定的关系：定语从句的引导词与先行词之间有一定的关系，如关系、时间、地点、原因等。
例如：I like the movie that we watched last night. （我喜欢昨晚我们看的那部电影。
）4. 修饰性质多样：定语从句可以修饰名词的性质、数量、状态、时间、地点等。
例如：The car that is parked outside is mine. （停在外面的那辆车是我的。
）5. 可省略引导词：在定语从句中，关系代词"that"在口语中常常可以省略，但关系代词"which"不能省略。
例如：The book (that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. （我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）6. 可以使用不同的引导词：定语从句的引导词有多种选择，如关系代词"that/which/who"和关系副词"when/where/why"等。
例如：This is the house where I used to live. （这是我过去住过的房子。
）7. 可以有不同的语序：定语从句的语序可以有两种形式，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句详解(很全)
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有：when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”，who不能译为“谁”，when不能译为“什么时候”，where不能译为“什么地方”，等等。
首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词（关系代词或关系副词），而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到，英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后；但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。
当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。
如：He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。
定语从句作用
定语从句作用定语从句是在英语语法中经常使用的一种句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词。
它可以用来详细描述或限制这个名词或代词的含义，增加语句的信息量和表达的准确度。
定语从句的作用主要有以下几个方面：1. 限制性定语从句：通过定语从句来限制或者强调名词的范围。
例如：“The book that I bought is interesting.”（我买的那本书很有趣。
）这个定语从句“that I bought”限制了名词“book”的范围，表明只是我买的那本书有趣。
2. 描述性定语从句：通过定语从句来对名词或代词进行描述，增加信息量。
例如：“The girl who is standing over there is my friend.”（站在那边的女孩是我的朋友。
）这个定语从句“whois standing over there”描述了名词“girl”，使得句子更加具体明确。
3. 非限制性定语从句：通过定语从句对名词或代词进行进一步解释或补充说明。
例如：“My sister, who is a doctor, is comingto visit me.”（我姐姐，一个医生，要来看我。
）这个定语从句“who is a doctor”对名词“sister”进行了进一步的解释和补充说明。
4. 强调定语从句：通过定语从句来强调名词或代词。
例如：“It is Susan who broke the vase.”（打破花瓶的是苏珊。
）这个定语从句“who broke the vase”强调了名词“Susan”。
定语从句在英语中是非常常见的，它可以增加句子的表达能力和准确度。
通过使用定语从句，我们可以给名词或代词添加更多的信息，使得句子更加具体和明确。
定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词，如which, who, whom, whose, that, when, where等。
我们需要根据句子的结构和含义选择适当的引导词，并确保主从句之间的逻辑关系和语法结构的一致性。
定语从句(完整版)
5.当先行词同时包括人或物时。 eg. We often talk about the people and the things that we are interested in. 我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。 6.当主句是who或which时。 eg. Who is the girl that has black long hair? eg .Which is the pen that you bought?
I know the girl. 分解 The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可
省略. The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.
Mary is a girl. Mary has long hair.
合并为一个句子
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
• 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
定语从句详解(经典)
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. where, when，why
先行词
which, who, whom, whose, that
关系词
关系代词
定语从句
关系副词
二、用法:
关系代词: 引导定语从句的关系代词
who whom whose
that
which
4. The gentleman ___ you told me
yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who
B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in
the room.
A. whom B. what
Beijing is the citwyheirne which I was born.
why
• why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason. 2.I was late for school wfohircht. his reason.
why
This is the reason for which I was late for school.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday作. 宾语
只能用that的情况
定语从句
定语从句引申部分什么是定语？1.my mom \two sons (代词\数词)2.He is an honest boy.(形容词）3.The falling/fallen leaves are flying in the sky.(现在/过去分词）4. What’s your telephone number?（名词）5.He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语）6.The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（从句）定义：一般可以翻译为“...的”，用来修饰、限定名词或代词的，主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个从句即定语从句来担任。
定语从句一.定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语，所以又称为形容词性从句。
它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.二.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
三.关系词：引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。
★关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。
2.指代先行词。
3.在定语从句中充当一个成分。
e.g.The girl is Mary. Mary is brave and clever.先行词定语从句The girl who is brave and clever is Mary.关系词主句e.g.He is an English teacher who likes singing songs .定语从句 先行词引导词四.关系词的分类：关系代词（who ，whom ，that, which, whose, as ）和关系副词（where ，when ，why ）关系代词引导的定语从句1） 人--- who(主), whom(宾), that(主，宾), whose(所属关系),as2） 物---which, that, whose （所属关系），aswhich 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
定语从句(完整版)
定语从句定语从句及相关术语1. 定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 名词性从句包括：就是宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, whi ch, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有4个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
天人合一的即视感。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
4.同一关系注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，现在分词，过去分词副词，不定式以及介词短语，定语从句也可以来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。
[eg：this is the book （which）you want。
]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anyt hing, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muc h等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
定语从句分词作定语
定语从句分词作定语
定语从句是指在一个句子中，用来修饰另一个名词或代词的从句。
分词作定语是指分词形式作为定语修饰名词或代词。
在定语从句中，分词可以作为从句的谓语，也可以作为从句的定语。
当分词作为从句的定语时，它所修饰的名词或代词就成为了定语从句的先行词。
分词作为定语有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词通常表示主动、进行或主语性质，过去分词通常表示被动、完成或被动性质。
例如，这个句子：“The man, standing at the door, is my father.”中，“standing at the door”作为现在分词作定语修饰“the man”，表示这个人正在门口站着。
再例如，“The book, written by Hemingway, is a classic.”中，“written by Hemingway”作为过去分词作定语修饰“the book”，表示这本书是海明威所写，已经完成了。
总之，分词作为定语可以使句子更加简洁明了，同时也可以使句子更加生动。
但是在使用过程中，需注意避免分词的误用和歧义。
五个简单的定语从句
五个简单的定语从句 定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句⾸。
下⾯是店铺为⼤家提供的五个简单的定语从句，内容如下： 定语从句例句： I like the book that/which my father likes.我喜欢我爸爸喜欢的那本书. I like the boy who is wearing a red shirt.我喜欢穿红衬衫的那个男孩. This is the boy whom was beaten yesterday.这是昨天被打的那个男孩. This is the place where I first met her.这是我第⼀次见到她的地⽅. This is the reason why I ask you for help.这是我找你帮忙的原因. 定语从句详解： 限定性定语从句 意义： 限定性定语从句对被修饰的先⾏词有限定制约作⽤，使该词的'含义更具体，更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如I met some one who said he knows you. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which (1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. ⼈们对⽩⽇做梦的态度正在改变，这与⼈们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有⾮常相似之处。
(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种⾳乐，⽽他恰恰与我相反。
(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们⾛了。
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期末复习一 —— 宾语从句与定语从句 宾语从句 一、考查宾语从句的语序问题。语序应用陈述语序，且引导词一定要在从句的最前面。
①As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ______ and see him.（13北京） A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come ②When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . （10上海） A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 二、考查宾语从句的连接词问题。 ①She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_____it takes to save her life.（09湖南） A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever ②As a new diplomat, he often thinks of_____he can react more appropriately on such occasions. A. what B. which C. that D. how ③ I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. （10湖北） A. who B. where C. what D. how ④ We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全国Ⅰ） A. that B. which C. what D. where 三、考查宾语从句的时态问题。 ①I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened ②She stared at the painting, wondering where she ______it. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen 四、考查宾语从句的否定转移和该情况下的反意疑问句问题。 ①I don't suppose anyone will volunteer _____? A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they ②I' m sure you' d rather she went to school by bus, _____? A. hadn't you B. wouldn't you C. aren't I D. didn't she 综合练习 1.—I wonder ____________ at 8:00 last night? —I was watching NBA. A. What were you doing B. What did you do C .what you were doing D. What are you doing 2.I don't remember____________ the book yesterday. A. where I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where l will put 3.—I don’t know _____. ---Because he has to look after his mother. A. why he is leaving B. why is he leaving C. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving 4.Can you tell me ______? A. how much is the red sweater B. how much the red sweater is C .what’s the price of the red sweater D. how many the red sweater is 5. —Excuse me, Could you tell ? —Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left. A. where is the museum B. which is the way to the museum C. how far is the museum D. how can I get to the museum 6.----Could you tell me ________? ----At the end of July. A. how often he heard from his pen pal B. how soon he will be here C. that he went on vacation D. when you will start your vacation 7.Could you tell me ______ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A. if there was going to be B. if there is going to be C. whether is there going to be D. whether there is going to have 8. —Excuse me. Can you tell me ? —At about 8 o’clock, sir. A. what time the plane will reach Beijing B. what time will the plane arrive in Beijing C. what time the plane will arrive Beijing D. what time will the plane get to Beijing 9.—Could you please tell me________? —They’re over there. A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restrooms C. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were 10.---How soon will you start your journey? ----I’m not sure. I haven’t decided ______. A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holiday C whether I would go by train or by plane D who could invite me to go
定语从句 四步曲
第一步：分析句子结构，看从句是否完整，是否缺主语、宾语或状语等； 缺主语、宾语用关系代词（指人，指物，所属关系）；
缺状语用关系副词（where、when、why） 第二步：找到该定语从句的先行词，看先行词在从句中充当什么成分； 第三步：选用所缺的关系代词或关系副词。 第四步：检查答案，感受句意。
1. Don’t throw away pens and erasers ________ you haven’t used up. A. where B. which C. who D. what
2. —Do you know the girl __________ is standing __________ the tree?
— Yes, she is my friend, Zhang Ying. A. that, in the front of B. whom , under C. who, in front of D. which, behind 3. The H7N9 bird flu is a disease _______can be very dangerous. A. / B. who C. what D. which 4. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago. A. when B. which D. where D. that 5. A friend is someone_____ says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” A. who B. which C. what D. whose 6.一Linda, cm you tell me something about Mo Yan? —Sure. He is the writer ______won the Nobel(诺贝尔) Literature Prize. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 7. A Wechat (微信) is an invention ______ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely. A. which B. who C. whose D / 8. I still remember the college and the teachers_____________I visited in London years ago. A. what B. who C. that D. which 9. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago. A. when B. which C. where D. that 10. I like the cartoon ______ has a happy ending and makes me ______. A. which; to laugh B. that; to laugh C. whose; laughing D. which; laugh 11. Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine. A. who B. what C. that D. whom 12. A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school. A. which; when B. that; who C. which; whose D. that; which 13. —Do you know the man ______ is standing at the door? —Yes, I do. He's a friend of_____. A. when; I B. who; mine C. that; me D. which; my