新型开关电源管理芯片中文资料ICE2B265
CoolSET™-F2ICE2A0565/165/265/365ICE2B0565/165/265/365ICE2A0565G ICE2A0565ZICE2A180Z/280Z ICE2A765I/2B765IICE2A765P2/2B765P2ICE2A380P2Off-Line SMPS Current Mode Controller with integrated 650V/800V CoolMOS™Datasheet, V2.6, 25 Dec 2006Power Management & SupplyEdition 2006-12-25Published by Infineon Technologies AG,St.-Martin-Strasse 53,D-81541 München © Infineon Technologies AG 1999.All Rights Reserved.Attention please!The information herein is given to describe certain components and shall not be considered as warranted charac-teristics.Terms of delivery and rights to technical change reserved.We hereby disclaim any and all warranties, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement, regarding circuits, descriptions and charts stated herein.Infineon Technologies is an approved CECC rmationFor further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office in Germany or our Infineon Technologies Representatives worldwide (see address list).WarningsDue to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office.Infineon Technologies Components may only be used in life-support devices or systems with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may For questions on technology, delivery and prices please contact the Infineon Technologies Offices in Germany or the Infineon Technologies Companies and Representatives worldwide: see our webpage at .CoolMOS™, CoolSET™ are trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG.CoolSET™-F2Revision History:2006-12-25DatasheetPrevious Version: 2.5.PageSubjects (major changes since last revision)4,17~22,24~28, 30~31Add ICE2A380P2CoolSET™-F2Product Highlights•Best in class in DIP8, DIP7, TO220 and DSO16/12 packages•No heat-sink required for DIP8, DIP7 and DSO16/12•Increased creepage distance for TO220, DIP7 and DSO16/12•Isolated drain for TO220 packages •Lowest standby power dissipation •Enhanced protection functions with Auto Restart Mode•Pb-free lead plating for all packages; RoHS compliantDescriptionspecial enhancements to satisfy the needs for low power standby and protection features. In standby mode frequency reduction is used to lower the power consumption and support a stable output voltage in this mode. The frequency reduction is limited to 20kHz/21.5kHz to avoid audible noise. In case of failure modes like open loop, overvoltage or overload due to short circuit the device switches in Auto Restart Mode which is controlled by the internal protection unit. By means of the internal precise peak current limitation, the dimension of the transformer and the secondary diode can be sized lower which leads to more cost effective for the overall system.Off-Line SMPS Current Mode Controller with integrated 650V/800V CoolMOS™Features•650V/800V avalanche rugged CoolMOS™•Only few external components required •Input Vcc Undervoltage Lockout •67kHz/100kHz switching frequency •Max duty cycle 72%•Low Power Standby Mode to meet European Commission Requirements •Thermal Shut Down with Auto Restart •Overload and Open Loop Protection•Overvoltage Protection during Auto Restart •Adjustable Peak Current Limitation via external resistor•Overall tolerance of Current Limiting < ±5%•Internal Leading Edge Blanking •User defined Soft Start •Soft driving for low EMIOverviewType Package V DS F OSC R DSon1)1)typ @ T=25°C230VAC ±15%2)2)Maximum power rating at Ta =75°C, T j=125°C and with copper area on PCB = 6cm²85-265 VAC2)ICE2A0565PG-DIP-8-6650V100kHz 4.7Ω23W13W ICE2A165PG-DIP-8-6650V100kHz 3.0Ω31W18W ICE2A265PG-DIP-8-6650V100kHz0.9Ω52W32W ICE2A365PG-DIP-8-6650V100kHz0.45Ω67W45W ICE2B0565PG-DIP-8-6650V67kHz 4.7Ω23W13W ICE2B165PG-DIP-8-6650V67kHz 3.0Ω31W18W ICE2B265PG-DIP-8-6650V67kHz0.9Ω52W32W ICE2B365PG-DIP-8-6650V67kHz0.45Ω67W45W ICE2A0565Z PG-DIP-7-1650V100kHz 4.7Ω23W13W ICE2A180Z PG-DIP-7-1800V100kHz 3.0Ω29W17W ICE2A280Z PG-DIP-7-1800V100KHz0.8Ω50W31WType Package V DS F OSC R DSon1)1)typ @ T=25°C230VAC ±15%2)2)Maximum power rating at Ta =75°C, T j=125°C and with copper area on PCB = 6cm²85-265 VAC2)ICE2A0565G PG-DSO-16/12650V100kHz 4.7Ω23W13W Type Package V DS F OSC R DSon1)1)typ @ T=25°C230VAC ±15%2)2)Maximum practical continuous power in an open frame design at Ta =75°C, T j=125°C and R thCA=2.7K/W85-265 VAC2)ICE2A765I PG-TO-220-6-46650V100kHz0.45Ω240W130W ICE2B765I PG-TO-220-6-46650V67kHz0.45Ω240W130W ICE2A765P2PG-TO-220-6-47650V100kHz0.45Ω240W130W ICE2B765P2PG-TO-220-6-47650V67kHz0.45Ω240W130W ICE2A380P2PG-TO-220-6-47800V100kHz 1.89Ω111W60WTable of Contents Page 1Pin Configuration and Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.1Pin Configuration with PG-DIP-8-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.2Pin Configuration with PG-DIP-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.3Pin Configuration with PG-TO220-6-46/7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 1.4Pin Configuration with PG-DSO-16/12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 1.5Pin Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Representative Blockdiagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 3.1Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 3.2Improved Current Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 3.2.1PWM-OP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.2.2PWM-Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.3Soft-Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 3.4Oscillator and Frequency Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.4.1Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.4.2Frequency Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.5Current Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.5.1Leading Edge Blanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.5.2Propagation Delay Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 3.6PWM-Latch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 3.7Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 3.8Protection Unit (Auto Restart Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 3.8.1Overload / Open Loop with Normal Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 3.8.2Overvoltage due to Open Loop with No Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 3.8.3Thermal Shut Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 4Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 4.1Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 4.2Thermal Impedance (ICE2X765I and ICE2X765P2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 4.3Operating Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 4.4Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 4.4.1Supply Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 4.4.2Internal Voltage Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 4.4.3Control Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 4.4.4Protection Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 4.4.5Current Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 4.4.6CoolMOS™ Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 5Typical Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 6Layout Recommendation for C18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 7Outline Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Pin Configuration and Functionality1Pin Configuration and Functionality1.1Pin Configuration with PG-DIP-8-6Figure 1Pin Configuration PG-DIP-8-6 (top view) 1.2Pin Configuration with PG-DIP-7-1Figure 2Pin Configuration PG-DIP-7-1 (top view)Pin Symbol Function 1SoftS Soft-Start 2FB Feedback3Isense Controller Current Sense Input, CoolMOS™ Source Output 4Drain 650V 1)/800V 2) CoolMOS™ Drain 1)at T j = 110°C 5Drain 650V 1)/800V 2) CoolMOS™ Drain 2)at T j = 25°C6N.C Not connected7VCC Controller Supply Voltage 8GNDController GroundPin Symbol Function 1SoftS Soft-Start 2FB Feedback3Isense Controller Current Sense Input, CoolMOS™ Source Output 4N.C.Not connected5Drain 650V 1)/800V 2) CoolMOS™ Drain 1)at T j = 110°C 2)at T j = 25°C7VCC Controller Supply Voltage 8GNDController GroundPin Configuration and Functionality1.3Pin Configuration with PG-TO220-6-46/7Figure 3Pin Configuration PG-TO220-6-46/47(top view)1.4Pin Configuration with PG-DSO-16/12Figure 4Pin Configuration PG-DSO-16/12 (topview)Pin Symbol Function1Drain 650V 1) CoolMOS™ Drain 1)at T j = 110°C3Isense Controller Current Sense Input, CoolMOS™ Source Output 4GND Controller Ground 5VCC Controller Supply Voltage 6SoftS Soft-Start 7FBFeedbackPinSymbol Function 1N.C.Not Connected 2SoftS Soft-Start 3FB Feedback4Isense Controller Current Sense Input, CoolMOS™ Source Output 5Drain 650V 1) CoolMOS™ Drain 1)at T j = 110°C6Drain 650V 1) CoolMOS™ Drain 7Drain 650V1) CoolMOS™ Drain 8Drain 650V 1) CoolMOS™ Drain 9N.C.Not Connected 10N.C.Not Connected11VCC Controller Supply Voltage 12GNDController GroundPin Configuration and Functionality 1.5Pin FunctionalitySoftS (Soft Start & Auto Restart Control)This pin combines the function of Soft Start in case ofStart Up and Auto Restart Mode and the controlling ofthe Auto Restart Mode in case of an error detection.FB (Feedback)The information about the regulation is provided by theFB Pin to the internal Protection Unit and to the internalPWM-Comparator to control the duty cycle.Isense (Current Sense)The Current Sense pin senses the voltage developedon the series resistor inserted in the source of theintegrated CoolMOS™. When Isense reaches theinternal threshold of the Current Limit Comparator, theDriver output is disabled. By this means the OverCurrent Detection is realized.Furthermore the current information is provided for thePWM-Comparator to realize the Current Mode.Drain (Drain of integrated CoolMOS™)Pin Drain is the connection to the Drain of the internalCoolMOS TM.VCC (Power supply)This pin is the positive supply of the IC. The operatingrange is between 8.5V and 21V.To provide overvoltage protection the driver getsdisabled when the voltage becomes higher than 16.5Vduring Start Up Phase.GND (Ground)This pin is the ground of the primary side of the SMPS.Representative Blockdiagram 2Representative BlockdiagramFigure5Representative BlockdiagramFunctional Description3Functional Description 3.1Power ManagementFigure6Power ManagementThe Undervoltage Lockout monitors the external supply voltage V VCC. In case the IC is inactive the current consumption is max. 55µA. When the SMPS is plugged to the main line the current through R Start-up charges the external Capacitor C VCC. When V VCC exceeds the on-threshold V CCon=13.5V the internal bias circuit and the voltage reference are switched on. After that the internal bandgap generates a reference voltage V REF=6.5V to supply the internal circuits. To avoid uncontrolled ringing at switch-on a hysteresis is implemented which means that switch-off is only after active mode when Vcc falls below 8.5V.In case of switch-on a Power Up Reset is done by resetting the internal error-latch in the protection unit. When V VCC falls below the off-threshold V CCoff=8.5V the internal reference is switched off and the Power Down reset let T1 discharging the soft-start capacitor C Soft-Start at pin SoftS. Thus it is ensured that at every switch-on the voltage ramp at pin SoftS starts at zero.3.2Improved Current ModeFigure7Current ModeCurrent Mode means that the duty cycle is controlled by the slope of the primary current. This is done by comparison the FB signal with the amplified current sense signal.Figure8Pulse Width ModulationIn case the amplified current sense signal exceeds the FB signal the on-time T on of the driver is finished by resetting the PWM-Latch (see Figure 8).The primary current is sensed by the external series resistor R Sense inserted in the source of the integrated CoolMOS™. By means of Current Mode regulation, theFunctional Description secondary output voltage is insensitive on linevariations. Line variation changes the currentwaveform slope which controls the duty cycle.The external R Sense allows an individual adjustment ofthe maximum source current of the integratedCoolMOS™.Figure9Improved Current ModeTo improve the Current Mode during light load conditions the amplified current ramp of the PWM-OP is superimposed on a voltage ramp, which is built by the switch T2, the voltage source V1 and the 1st order low pass filter composed of R1 and C1(see Figure 9, Figure 10). Every time the oscillator shuts down for max. duty cycle limitation the switch T2 is closed by V OSC. When the oscillator triggers the Gate Driver T2 is opened so that the voltage ramp can start.In case of light load the amplified current ramp is to small to ensure a stable regulation. In that case the Voltage Ramp is a well defined signal for the comparison with the FB-signal. The duty cycle is then controlled by the slope of the Voltage Ramp.By means of the Comparator C5, the Gate Driver is switched-off until the voltage ramp exceeds 0.3V. It allows the duty cycle to be reduced continuously till 0% by decreasing V FB below that threshold.Figure10Light Load Conditions3.2.1PWM-OPThe input of the PWM-OP is applied over the internal leading edge blanking to the external sense resistor R Sense connected to pin Isense. R Sense converts the source current into a sense voltage. The sense voltage is amplified with a gain of 3.65 by PWM OP. The output of the PWM-OP is connected to the voltage source V1. The voltage ramp with the superimposed amplified current signal is fed into the positive inputs of the PWM-Comparator, C5 and the Soft-Start-Comparator.3.2.2PWM-ComparatorThe PWM-Comparator compares the sensed current signal of the integrated CoolMOS TM with the feedback signal V FB (see Figure 11). V FB is created by an external optocoupler or external transistor in combination with the internal pull-up resistor R FB and provides the load information of the feedback circuitry. When the amplified current signal of the integrated CoolMOS™ exceeds the signal V FB the PWM-Comparator switches off the Gate Driver.Functional DescriptionFigure11PWM Controlling3.3Soft-StartFigure12Soft-Start PhaseThe Soft-Start is realized by the internal pull-up resistor R Soft-Start and the external Capacitor C Soft-Start (see Figure 5). The Soft-Start voltage V SoftS is generated by charging the external capacitor C Soft-Start by the internal pull-up resistor R Soft-Start. The Soft-Start-Comparator compares the voltage at pin SoftS at the negative input with the ramp signal of the PWM-OP at the positive input. When Soft-Start voltage V SoftS is less than Feedback voltage V FB the Soft-Start-Comparator limits the pulse width by resetting the PWM-Latch (see Figure 12). In addition to Start-Up, Soft-Start is also activated at each restart attempt during Auto Restart. By means of the above mentioned C Soft-Start the Soft-Start can be defined by the user. The Soft-Start is finished when V SoftS exceeds 5.3V. At that time the Protection Unit is activated by Comparator C4 and senses the FB by Comparator C3 wether the voltage is below 4.8V which means that the voltage on the secondary side of the SMPS is settled. The internal Zener Diode at SoftS has a clamp voltage of 5.6V to prevent the internal circuit from saturation (see Figure 13).Figure13Activation of Protection UnitThe Start-Up time T Start-Up within the converter output voltage V OUT is settled must be shorter than the Soft-Start Phase T Soft-Start (see Figure 14).By means of Soft-Start there is an effective minimization of current and voltage stresses on the integrated CoolMOS™, the clamp circuit and the output overshoot and prevents saturation of the transformer during Start-Up.C Soft Start–T Soft Start–R Soft Start–1.69×------------------------------------=Functional DescriptionFigure14Start Up Phase3.4Oscillator and FrequencyReduction3.4.1OscillatorThe oscillator generates a frequency f switch = 67kHz/ 100kHz. A resistor, a capacitor and a current source and current sink which determine the frequency are integrated. The charging and discharging current of the implemented oscillator capacitor are internally trimmed, in order to achieve a very accurate switching frequency. The ratio of controlled charge to discharge current is adjusted to reach a max. duty cycle limitation of D max=0.72.3.4.2Frequency ReductionThe frequency of the oscillator is depending on the voltage at pin FB. The dependence is shown in Figure 15. This feature allows a power supply to operate at lower frequency at light loads thus lowering the switching losses while maintaining good cross regulation performance and low output ripple. In case of low power the power consumption of the whole SMPS can now be reduced very effective. The minimal reachable frequency is limited to 20kHz/21.5 kHz to avoid audible noise in any case.Figure15Frequency Dependence3.5Current LimitingThere is a cycle by cycle current limiting realized by the Current-Limit Comparator to provide an overcurrent detection. The source current of the integrated CoolMOS TM is sensed via an external sense resistor R Sense. By means of R Sense the source current is transformed to a sense voltage V Sense. When the voltage V Sense exceeds the internal threshold voltage V csth the Current-Limit-Comparator immediately turns off the gate drive. To prevent the Current Limiting from distortions caused by leading edge spikes a Leading Edge Blanking is integrated at the Current Sense. Furthermore a Propagation Delay Compensation is added to support the immediate shut down of the CoolMOS™ in case of overcurrent.3.5.1Leading Edge BlankingFigure16Leading Edge BlankingEach time when CoolMOS™ is switched on a leading spike is generated due to the primary-side capacitances and secondary-side rectifier reverse recovery time. To avoid a premature termination of the switching pulse this spike is blanked out with a time constant of t LEB = 220ns. During that time the output ofFunctional Descriptionthe Current-Limit Comparator cannot switch off the gate drive.3.5.2Propagation Delay CompensationIn case of overcurrent detection by I Limit the shut down of CoolMOS™ is delayed due to the propagation delay of the circuit. This delay causes an overshoot of the peak current I peak which depends on the ratio of dI/dt of the peak current (see Figure 17).Figure 17Current LimitingThe overshoot of Signal2 is bigger than of Signal1 due to the steeper rising waveform.A propagation delay compensation is integrated to bound the overshoot dependent on dI/dt of the rising primary current. That means the propagation delay time between exceeding the current sense threshold V csth and the switch off of CoolMOS™ is compensated over temperature within a range of at least.Figure 18Dynamic Voltage Threshold V csthThe propagation delay compensation is done by means of a dynamic threshold voltage V csth (see Figure 18). In case of a steeper slope the switch off of the driver is earlier to compensate the delay.E.g. I peak = 0.5A with R Sense = 2. Without propagation delay compensation the current sense threshold is set to a static voltage level V csth =1V. A current ramp of dI/dt = 0.4A/µs, that means dV Sense /dt = 0.8V/µs, and a propagation delay time of i.e. t Propagation Delay =180ns leads then to a I peak overshoot of 14.4%. By means of propagation delay compensation the overshoot is only about 2% (see Figure 19).Figure 19Overcurrent Shutdown3.6PWM-LatchThe oscillator clock output applies a set pulse to thePWM-Latch when initiating CoolMOS™ conduction.After setting the PWM-Latch can be reset by the PWM-OP, the Soft-Start-Comparator, the Current-Limit-Comparator, Comparator C3 or the Error-Latch of the Protection Unit. In case of resetting the driver is shut down immediately.3.7DriverThe driver-stage drives the gate of the CoolMOS™ and is optimized to minimize EMI and to provide high circuit efficiency. This is done by reducing the switch on slope when reaching the CoolMOS™ threshold. This is achieved by a slope control of the rising edge at the driver’s output (see Figure 20) to the CoolMOS™ gate.Thus the leading switch on spike is minimized. When CoolMOS™ is switched off, the falling shape of the driver is slowed down when reaching 2V to prevent an overshoot below ground. Furthermore the driver circuit is designed to eliminate cross conduction of the output stage. At voltages below the undervoltage lockout threshold V VCCoff the gate drive is active low.0R Sense dI peakdt ------------×dV Sense dt---------------≤≤Functional DescriptionFigure 20Internal Gate Rising Slope3.8Protection Unit (Auto Restart Mode)An overload, open loop and overvoltage detection is integrated within the Protection Unit. These three failure modes are latched by an Error-Latch. Additional thermal shutdown is latched by the Error-Latch. In case of those failure modes the Error-Latch is set after a blanking time of 5µs and the CoolMOS™ is shut down.That blanking prevents the Error-Latch from distortions caused by spikes during operation mode.3.8.1Overload / Open Loop with Normal LoadFigure 21 shows the Auto Restart Mode in case of overload or open loop with normal load. The detection of open loop or overload is provided by the Comparator C3, C4 and the AND-gate G2 (see Figure 22). The detection is activated by C4 when the voltage at pin SoftS exceeds 5.3V. Till this time the IC operates in the Soft-Start Phase. After this phase the comparator C3can set the Error-Latch in case of open loop or overload which leads the feedback voltage V FB to exceed the threshold of 4.8V. After latching VCC decreases till 8.5V and inactivates the IC. At this time the external Soft-Start capacitor is discharged by the internal transistor T1 due to Power Down Reset. When the IC is inactive V VCC increases till V CCon = 13.5V by charging the Capacitor C VCC by means of the Start-Up Resistor R Start-Up . Then the Error-Latch is reset by Power Up Reset and the external Soft-Start capacitor C Soft-Start is charged by the internal pull-up resistor R Soft-Start . During the Soft-Start Phase which ends when the voltage at pin SoftS exceeds 5.3V the detection of overload and open loop by C3 and G2 is inactive. In this way the Start Up Phase is not detected as an overload.Figure 21Auto Restart ModeFigure 22FB-DetectionFunctional DescriptionBut the Soft-Start Phase must be finished within the Start Up Phase to force the voltage at pin FB below the failure detection threshold of 4.8V.3.8.2Overvoltage due to Open Loop withNo LoadFigure23Auto Restart ModeFigure 23 shows the Auto Restart Mode for open loop and no load condition. In case of this failure mode the converter output voltage increases and also VCC. An additional protection by the comparators C1, C2 and the AND-gate G1 is implemented to consider this failure mode (see Figure 24).The overvoltage detection is provided by Comparator C1 only in the first time during the Soft-Start Phase till the Soft-Start voltage exceeds the threshold of the Comparator C2 at 4.0V and the voltage at pin FB is above 4.8V. When VCC exceeds 16.5V during the overvoltage detection phase C1 can set the Error-Latch and the Burst Phase during Auto Restart Mode is finished earlier. In that case T Burst2 is shorter than T Soft-Start. By means of C2 the normal operation mode is prevented from overvoltage detection due to varying of VCC concerning the regulation of the converter output. When the voltage V SoftS is above 4.0V the overvoltage detection by C1 is deactivated.Figure24Overvoltage Detection3.8.3Thermal Shut DownThermal Shut Down is latched by the Error-Latch when junction temperature T j of the pwm controller is exceeding an internal threshold of 140°C. In that case the IC switches in Auto Restart Mode.Note:All the values which are mentioned in the functional description are typical. Please referto Electrical Characteristics for min/max limitvalues.Electrical Characteristics 4Electrical Characteristics4.1Absolute Maximum RatingsNote:Absolute maximum ratings are defined as ratings, which when being exceeded may lead to destruction of the integrated circuit. For the same reason make sure, that any capacitor that will be connected to pin6 (V CC) is discharged before assembling the application circuit.Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Remarksmin.max.Drain Source VoltageICE2A0565/165/265/365/765I/765P2 ICE2B0565/165/265/365/765I/765P2 ICE2A0565GICE2A0565Z V DS-650V Tj= 110°CDrain Source Voltage ICE2A180Z/280Z/380P2V DS-800V Tj= 25°CPulsed drain current, t p limited by T jmax ICE2A0565/ICE2B056/ICE2A0565G/ICE2A0565ZI D_Puls1 2.0AICE2A165/ICE2B165I D_Puls2 3.8AICE2A265/ICE2B265I D_Puls39.8AICE2A365/ICE2B365I D_Puls423.3A ICE2A180Z I D_Puls5 4.1A ICE2A280Z I D_Puls614.8AICE2A765P2/ICE2B765P2/ICE2A765I/ICE2B765II D_Puls719.0A ICE2A380P2/I D_Puls8 5.7AElectrical CharacteristicsAvalanche energy, repetitive t AR limited bymax. T j =150°C 1)ICE2A0565E AR1-0.01mJ ICE2A165E AR2-0.07mJ ICE2A265E AR3-0.40mJ ICE2A365E AR4-0.50mJ ICE2B0565E AR5-0.01mJ ICE2B165E AR6-0.07mJ ICE2B265E AR7-0.40mJ ICE2B365E AR8-0.50mJ ICE2A0565G E AR9-0.01mJ ICE2A0565Z E AR10-0.01mJ ICE2A180Z E AR11-0.07mJ ICE2A280Z E AR12-0.40mJ ICE2A765I E AR13-0.50mJ ICE2B765I E AR14-0.50mJ ICE2A765P2E AR15-0.50mJ ICE2B765P2E AR16-0.50mJ ICE2A380P2E AR17-0.06mJ1)Repetitive avalanche causes additional power losses that can be calculated as P AV =E AR * fParameterSymbolLimit Values Unit Remarksmin.max.。
采用CoolSET TM—ICE2B265的30W开关电源设计
设 计者 可 以 用它 来 实现 当前 各 种新 型 开 关 电源 ，例如 要 求 待机 功耗 低 、外 部元 件 少 ， 电路 板 面积 最 小等 等 。 如 图 １ 示 ， ｏ ｌＥ 的 控 制部 分采 用 了一 些特 别 的 所 Ｃ ｏＳ Ｔ 增 强方 法 来 实现 低 待机 功 耗 和 电路 保护 。它 包括 ５ 单 个
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维普资讯
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TNY264开关电源的应用
TNY264开关电源的应⽤模块，⼿机电池恒压／开关电源模块⼿机电池TinySwitch II系列产品可⼴泛⽤于23W以下⼩功率、低成本的⾼效开关开关电源电源。
例如，IC卡付费电度表中的⼩型化开关电源恒流充电器，电源适配器（Powersupplyadapter），微机、彩电、激光打印机、录像机、摄录像机等⾼档家⽤电器中的待机电源（Standbypowersupply），还适⽤于ISDN及DSL⽹络终端设备。
使⽤TinySwitch II便于实现开关电源的优化设计。
由于其开关频率提⾼到132kHz，因此⾼频变压器允许采⽤EE13或EF12.6⼩型化磁芯，并达到很⾼的电源效率。
TinySwitch II具有频率抖动特性，仅⽤⼀只电感（在输出功率⼩于3W或可接受的较低效率时，还可⽤两个⼩电阻）和两只电容，即可进⾏EMI滤波。
即使在短路条件下，也不需要使⽤⼤功率整流管。
做具有恒压／恒流特性的充电器时，TinySwitch II能直接从输⼊⾼压中获取能量，不需要反馈绕组，并且即使输出电压降到零时仍能输出电流，因此可⼤⼤简化充电器的电路设计。
对于需要⽋压保护的应⽤领域（如PC待机电源），也能节省元件数量。
1:TinySwitch II的典型应⽤ 1:1 -- 2.5W恒流／恒压输出式⼿机电池充电器 由TNY264（I C1）构成的2.5W（5V、0.5A）、交流宽范围输⼊的⼿机电池充电器电路，如图1所⽰。
RF为熔断电阻器。
85V～265V交流电经过VD1～VD4桥式整流，再通过由电感L1与C1、C2构成的π型滤波器，获得直流⾼压UI。
R1为L1的阻尼电阻。
利⽤TNY264的频率抖动特性，允许使⽤简单的滤波器和低价格的安全电容C8（Y电容）即可满⾜抑制初、次级之间传导式电磁⼲扰（EMI）的国际标准。
即使发⽣输出端容性负载接地的最不利情况下，通过给⾼频变压器增加屏蔽层，仍能有效抑制EMI。
由⼆极管VD6、电容C3和电阻R2构成的钳位保护电路，能将功率MOSFET关断时加在漏极上的尖峰电压限制在安全范围以内。
LM2596(开关电压调节器)中文版
η
效率
VIN=12V，ILOAD=3A
73
LM2596□—5.0 （见注 14）
VOUT
输出电压
5.0 7V≤VIN≤40V， 0.2A≤ILOAD≤3A
η
效率
VIN=12V，ILOAD=3A
80
3.168/3.135 3.432/3.465
V V（min） V（max） %
LM2596 开关电压调节器 SEPTEMBER， 2004
LM2596 开关电压调节器
LM2596 开关电压调节器是降压型电源管理单片集成电路，能够输出 3A 的驱动电流，同时具有很好的线性和 负载调节特性。固定输出版本有 3.3V、5V、12V， 可调版本可以输出小于 37V 的各种电压。
该器件内部集成频率补偿和固定频率发生器，开关频率为 150KHz，与低频开关调节器相比较，可以使用更小 规格的滤波元件。由于该器件只需 4 个外接元件，可以使用通用的标准电感，这更优化了 LM2596 的使用，极大地 简化了开关电源电路的设计。
其封装形式包括标准的 5 脚 TO-220 封装（DIP）和 5 脚 TO-263 表贴封装（SMD）。 该器件还有其他一些特点：在特定的输入电压和输出负载的条件下，输出电压的误差可以保证在±4%的范围 内，振荡频率误差在±15%的范围内；可以用仅 80μA 的待机电流， 实现外部断电；具有自我保护电路（一个两级 降频限流保护和一个在异常情况下断电的过温完全保护电路）
应用领域
※ 高效率降压调节器 ※ 单片开关电压调节器 ※ 正、负电压转换器
典型应用（固定输出）
LM2596□-5.0
１
管脚图
LM2596 开关电压调节器 SEPTEMBER， 2004
LM2596芯片简介
编辑本段LM2596芯片简介LM2596系列是美国国家半导体公司生产的3A电流输出降压开关型集成稳压芯片，它内含固定频率振荡器（150KHZ），和基准稳压器（1.23v），并具有完善的保护电路：电流限制、热关断电路等。
利用该器件只需极少的外围器件便可构成高效稳压电路。
提供有：3.3V、5V、12V及可调（-ADJ）等多个电压档次产品。
此外，该芯片还提供了工作状态的外部控制引脚。
LM2596芯片LM2596系列开关稳压集成电路的主要特性如下：1、最大输出电流：3A2、最高输入电压：40V3、输出电压：3.3V、5V、12V及（ADJ）等，最大输出电压37V4、震荡频率：150KHZ5、转换效率：75%~88%（不同电压输出时的转换效率不同）6、工作温度范围：-40℃~+125℃7、工作模式：低功耗/正常两种模式。
可外部控制8、工作模式控制：TTL电平相容9、所需外部组件：仅四个（不可调）；六个（可调）10、器件保护：热关断及电流限制11、封装形式：5脚（TO-220(T)；TO-263(S))编辑本段LM2596内部框图LM2596芯片内部框图。
注：此图为TO-220封装形式的内部框图。
LM2596内部包含150KHZ振荡器、1.23v基准稳压电路、热关断电路、电流限制电路、放大器、比较器和内部[1]稳压电路等。
为了产生不同的输出电压通常将比较器的负端接基准电压（1.23V ），正端接分压电阻网络。
其中R1=1KΩ，R2分别为1.7KΩ（3.3v），3.1KΩ（5V），8.8KΩ（12V）、0（-ADJ）。
将输出电压的分压电阻网络的输出同内部基准稳压值1.23V进行比较，若电压有偏差，则可用放大器控制内部振荡器的输出占空比，从而使输出电压保持稳定。
编辑本段LM2596经典应用实例具体应用时可根据需要选择：LM2596-5V、LM2596-3.3等。
要获得+1.8V、+5V输出电压时请选用A图，要获得+3.3V输出电压时请选用B图。
开关电源芯片
开关电源芯片一、简介开关电源芯片是一种用于电源管理的集成电路。
它能够将输入电源转换成稳定的、可调的输出电压，以满足各种电子设备对电力的需求。
开关电源芯片具有高效率、小体积、可靠性高等优点，因此在各种电子设备中得到广泛应用。
二、工作原理开关电源芯片的工作原理基于电源开关闭合的周期性交替。
其工作过程可以分为四个阶段：充电、放电、开关开启、开关关闭。
1.充电阶段：在这个阶段，输入电源电压通过开关电源芯片的电源输入端加电，同时电源电容储存电荷，为后续的工作提供能量。
2.放电阶段：在此阶段，电源输入的能量通过电源电容向输出负载器件传递。
3.开关开启阶段：开关电源芯片的开关打开，导致电源电容向输出端供电。
此时，输入电压被存储在输出电容中，以供后续使用。
4.开关关闭阶段：开关电源芯片的开关关闭，断开与输入电源的连接，此时输出电容向电路负载释放能量。
三、特点和优势1.高效率：开关电源芯片利用功率开关器件的高效特性，能够在转换过程中尽量减少能量损耗，因此具有较高的转换效率。
2.小体积：开关电源芯片能够集成多种功能电路，有效地减少了电路板上的元器件数量，使整个电源系统更加紧凑。
3.可调性：开关电源芯片内部集成了一些可调电路，能够根据用户需求灵活调整输出电压和电流。
4.稳定性高：开关电源芯片内部采用了精密的控制电路，能够实时监测输入电压和输出电压，及时调整输出来保证稳定的供电。
5.可靠性高：开关电源芯片具有过温、过流、过压等多种保护功能，能够保护电源系统不受外界因素的影响。
四、应用领域开关电源芯片广泛应用于各种电子设备中，包括但不限于以下领域：1.通信设备：如移动电话、网络设备、无线电通信设备等。
2.消费电子产品：如电视机、摄像机、音频设备等。
3.工业自动化设备：如机器人、工作站、数控设备等。
4.汽车电子产品：如车载音响、导航系统、空调控制器等。
5.LED照明：开关电源芯片能够提供LED所需的恒定电压和电流，实现节能、环保的照明效果。
ICE2xXXX系列晶体管在分离式开关电源中的应用手册
ICE2xXXX系列晶体管在分离式开关电源中的应用应用手册电源管理与应用目录工作原理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 3 保护功能---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 过载和回路保护（图6）--------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 在软启动时的过压保护（图7）-----------------------------------------------------------------------12 频率响应-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 设计步骤---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 输入整流桥--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 确定输入电容-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 变压器设计--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 电感-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 绕组设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 输出整流器--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 输出电容-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 输出滤波器---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 反馈端的RC滤波器---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 软启动电容--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 VCC电容-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 启动电阻------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 嵌位网络------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 损耗的计算--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 开关损耗-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 传导损耗-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 调节回路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 调节回路原理-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30 零极点的传输特性-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31工作原理ICE2AXXX系列是用来构造一个反激式逆间断或连续电流模式，控制电路有固定的频率。
开关电源芯片
开关电源芯片1. 引言开关电源芯片是一种电力转换器，用于将电源的电压和电流转换为适合于多种应用的电源。
它利用高频脉冲宽度调制技术，通过控制开关管的导通和关闭，将输入电源的直流电压转换为输出电压。
在现代电子产品中，开关电源芯片已广泛应用于各个领域。
2. 工作原理开关电源芯片的工作原理是将输入电源的直流电压通过一个开关器件进行切换，再经过滤波器得到稳定的输出电压。
典型的开关器件有晶体管、场效应管和二极管等。
通过可编程控制器对开关器件的导通和关闭进行调节，可以实现高效率的电力转换。
开关电源芯片一般由输入滤波电路、整流电路、转换电路、稳压电路和输出滤波电路组成。
输入滤波电路用于去除输入电源的纹波和噪声信号，确保输入信号的纯净。
整流电路将交流电源转换为直流电源。
转换电路通过开关器件的控制，将输入电压进行转换并进行切换，实现高效的电能转换。
稳压电路用于稳定输出电压，确保输出电压的稳定性。
最后，输出滤波电路用于滤除输出电压的纹波和噪声信号，使输出电压更加纯净。
3. 主要特性开关电源芯片具有以下主要特性：•高效率：开关电源芯片利用高频脉冲宽度调制技术，能够在不同负载情况下实现高效率的电力转换。
•节能：相比传统的线性电源，开关电源芯片有较高的转换效率，能够有效降低功耗和热量产生。
•小型化：开关电源芯片体积小，适合用于各种小型电子产品，可以在有限的空间内实现高效的电力转换。
•可靠性：开关电源芯片具有较高的可靠性和稳定性，能够长时间稳定工作。
4. 应用领域开关电源芯片广泛应用于各种电子产品和系统中，包括但不限于以下领域：•通信设备：如路由器、交换机等网络设备。
•电脑和数据存储设备：如台式机、服务器等。
•工业自动化设备：如PLC控制器、变频器等。
•家用电器：如电视机、空调等。
•汽车电子：如汽车音响、车载导航等。
5. 市场现状和发展趋势开关电源芯片市场呈现快速增长的趋势，主要原因包括：•科技的进步和发展，带动了电子产品的快速普及和更新换代需求。
ICE2A265中文资料
DSO16/12 • Isolated drain for TO220 packages • Lowest standby power dissipation • Enhanced protection functions with
Revision History:
2006-12-25
Previous Version: 2.5.
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
4,17~22,
Add ICE2A380P2
24~28, 30~31
Datasheet
For questions on technology, delivery and prices please contact the Infineon Technologies Offices in Germany or the Infineon Technologies Companies and Representatives worldwide: see our webpage at http:// .
Typical Application
85 ... 270 VAC
RStart-up
Snubber
VCC
Low Power
Power
StandBy Management
CVCC
Drain
CoolMOS™
Feedback
SoftS CSoft Start
开关电源常用控制芯片
开关电源常用控制芯片在我们日常生活中，开关电源就像是那些默默奉献的英雄，虽然不显眼，但没有它们，很多东西就不能正常运转。
说到开关电源，最关键的部分就是控制芯片，嘿，这可是个不得了的家伙！控制芯片就像是电源的“大脑”，负责管理电压、电流，确保设备安全又稳定。
现在，咱们就来聊聊那些常用的控制芯片，看看它们到底有什么魔力。
让我们看看最常见的，比如说LM2596。
这个芯片可是个大名鼎鼎的角色，很多人一提到它就会竖起大拇指。
它的特点就是效率高，能把输入电压轻松转换成想要的输出电压。
嘿，你知道吗？它的工作电流可以达到3A，简直像个健身达人，一下子就能给很多设备供电。
用起来可真是省心，不用担心过热的问题，真的是“稳得一匹”。
再说说XL4015，这家伙更是能屈能伸。
它支持双向输出，听起来是不是很炫酷？你要是想给电池充电，没问题；想让设备运行，照样可以。
它的调节也非常方便，有调节电位器，一转就搞定，简直是“简单粗暴”。
它的最大输出电流可以达到5A，能搞定不少“大餐”，真是个全能选手。
然后咱们再聊聊LM2576，这个芯片在开关电源领域也是个老将。
它不仅价格实惠，还能提供多种固定输出电压，像3.3V、5V和12V等，真是满足各种需求。
它的电流能力也不错，最大可达3A，能满足不少小家电的需求。
它的抗干扰能力也很强，工作稳定，简直是“名声在外”，让人放心。
接下来不得不提的是UC3842，这个芯片可以说是个高效的开关控制器。
它是用在那些需要高频率工作的电源上的，比如LED驱动。
它能提供很好的电流反馈控制，保证输出电流的稳定，像个守门员一样，牢牢把控着每一分电流。
它的电源效率高，发热量小，用起来真的是“既省心又省力”。
还有一个不得不提的是IR2153，嘿，这个芯片可真有趣。
它不仅可以控制开关电源，还能用于驱动MOSFET和IGBT，非常灵活。
它的设计就是为了实现高效开关，能轻松应对各种负载情况。
它的频率范围宽广，适应性强，是个非常可靠的伙伴。
开关电源芯片特点全解析
开关电源芯片特点全解析小伙伴们！今天咱就来好好唠唠这开关电源芯片的特点哈。
一、高效率转换那是必须的！咱都知道，这开关电源芯片在能量转换这方面那可是相当厉害的哟。
它不像一些传统的电源转换方式，会浪费好多电能，它能以超高的效率把输入的电能转化成我们需要的输出电能。
比如说，在一些电子设备里，像电脑主机啦，用了开关电源芯片，就能让电能得到充分利用，减少不必要的损耗，这样不仅能节省电费，还对环保有好处呢。
而且啊，这高效率转换还能让设备运行得更稳定，不会因为电能供应不足或者不稳定而老是出毛病。
二、体积小巧玲珑超方便。
开关电源芯片的体积那叫一个小呀！这可真是它的一大亮点呢。
以前的一些电源设备啊，又大又笨重，占地方不说，携带起来也特别麻烦。
但是开关电源芯片就不一样啦，它可以做得很小很小，就像现在的一些便携式电子设备，像充电宝、平板电脑这些，因为用了开关电源芯片，所以才能设计得那么小巧轻便。
你想想看，要是电源部分又大又重，那这些设备还怎么方便我们随身携带呀？三、输出电压很稳定。
这一点也特别重要哈。
很多电子设备对电压的要求是很严格的，如果电压不稳定，一会儿高一会儿低，那设备很容易就坏掉啦。
而开关电源芯片就能很好地解决这个问题，它可以把输出电压控制在一个非常稳定的范围内。
比如说，给手机充电的时候，稳定的电压能让手机电池更健康，充电速度也能得到保证，不会出现充一会儿停一会儿的情况，是不是很棒呀？四、适应各种输入电压。
开关电源芯片的适应能力那也是杠杠的！不管输入的电压是高是低，它都能应付得来。
比如说，在不同的国家和地区，电网的电压可能会有所不同，有的是110伏，有的是220伏。
这时候，开关电源芯片就发挥作用啦，它可以自动调整，适应不同的输入电压，这样同一个电子设备就能在不同的地方正常使用啦，是不是很厉害呀？五、电磁干扰小。
这可是很多电子设备都很看重的一个特点哦。
电磁干扰要是大了，不仅会影响设备本身的性能，还可能会干扰到周围其他的电子设备呢。