物理专业英语翻译
专业英语翻译学习-生物物理化学英语词汇
专业英语翻译学习-生物物理化学英语词汇分子生物物理学 molecular biophysics生物物理化学 biophysical chemistry分子动力学 molecular dynamics柔性 flexibility指生物大分子，如蛋白多肽链和磷脂脂肪酸链活动水准的大小。
如需转载，请注明来自：fane『翻译中国』序参数 order parameter一级结构 primary structure二级结构 secondary structure三级结构 tertiary structure四级结构 quaternary structure螺旋结构 helical structureα螺旋α-helixβ折叠β-pleated sheet蛋白质二级结构中的一种构象，其多肽链在空间的走向发生180°的转变。
链间氢键 interchain hydrogen bond链内氢键 intrachain hydrogen bondβ转角β-bend, β-turn蛋白质折叠 protein folding解折叠 unfolding解旋 unwinding内旋转 internal rotation三股螺旋 triple helix, triplex螺旋度 helicity分子肺 molecular lung血红蛋白随氧的得失，其四级结构和亚基间距离发生显著变化，这种一张一合的情况与肺的呼吸类似，可理解为分子肺。
双螺旋 duplex, double helix碱基堆积 base stacking扭结 kink水结构 water structure结合水 bound water生物能学 bioenergetics[离子]近层水 primary water离子与水作用，使分子沿着离子造成的电场排列，在离子周围形成结合较紧密、有序性较高的水层。
全反构型 all transconfiguration扭曲构象 guache conformation寻靶作用 targetting二色性 dichroism荧光团 fluorophore荧光标记 fluorescence labelling荧光探剂 fluorescence probe荧光偏振 fluorescence polarization荧光寿命 fluorescence lifetime活性氧 active oxygen超氧阴离子 superoxide anion笼形结构 cage structure非极性分子与水分子相互作用，使水的有序性增强；非极性分子在水中形成空穴，这种非极性分子周围的水分子形成笼形样结构。
院系专业中英文对照大全
特殊教育系department of special education工学院school of Engineering; the engineering college; technicalcollege农学院agriculture college; school of agriculture经济管理学院economy management college商学院business School; school of business森林系forestry department造园系garden construction department社会学系department of sociology民族学系department of ethnology, department of ethnography表演系acting department; department of performing arts病理学系department of pathology材料科学系department of material science材料科学与工程学院 a school of material science and engineering材料与冶金学院school of materials science and metallurgy财税学系department of public finance and tax测量系department of survey成人教育学院school of adult education城市科技学院city college of science and technology出国留学人员培训部school of study-abroad language programs传播与艺术学院school of arts & communication大气物理系department of atmospheric physics大学部the university section大学外语教学部department of foreign languages Teaching大众传播系department of mass communication德语系department of German studies地理系geography department; department of geography地球科学系department of globe science; department of geosciences地球物理系geophysics department; department of geophysics地政系department of land administration地质系geology department地质学系department of geology电机工程系department of electrical engineering电力工程系department of electric power engineering电力物理系department of power physics电力系electric power department电脑通信系department of computer and information电信工程系department of telecommunication engineering电影学院 a school of cinema; film department电子工程系department of electronic engineering电子物理学系department of electro-physics电子系electronic department电子与信息工程学院school of electronics and information engineering 雕塑学系department of sculpture东亚语言文化学院school of East Asian languages and culture东方语言文学系department of Oriental languages and literature 东欧语系department of East European languages俄语系department of Russian studies儿童福利系department of child welfare法律系law department; department of law法学院school of Law; law school法西语系department of French & Spanish studies纺织系department of textile technology高等技术学院school of advanced technology高等职业技术学院school of higher vocational education高分子系department of polymer science高级翻译学院school of advanced translating and interpreting高职部school of higher vocational education工程技术学院School of engineering and technology工程科学系department of engineering science工程力学系department of engineering mechanics工程物理系department of engineering physics工科department of engineering工商管理学院school of business administration工业工程系department of industrial engineering工业管理系department of industrial management工业设计系department of industrial design公共管理系department of public administration公共事务系department of public affairs and service管理科学系department of management science管理学院school of administration; school of management 国画系department of traditional Chinese painting国际关系学系department of international relations国际贸易系department of international tr ade国际商学院school of international business国际文化交流学院school of international cultural exchange国际学院international school; school of international studies 国际政治系international politics department国际政治学系department of international politics国际政治学院school of international politics海军科学系department of naval science海事法规及经济学系department of maritime law and economics海洋气象学系department of ocean meteorology海洋学系department of oceanography海洋与地球科学学院 a school of ocean and earth science海洋运输学系department of marine transportation汉学院school of Chinese studies航海技术学系department of maritime technology航海科学系department of nautical science航海学系department of navigation航空工程系department of aeronautical engineering航空工程学院school of aeronautical engineering核物理工程系department of nuclear physics engineering航运管理系department of transportation management合作经济系department of cooperative economics森林系forest department造园系garden construction department河海工程系department of river and harbor engineering核能技术研究所Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology核子工程系department of nuclear engineering洪堡学院school of Humboldt护理系department of nursing护理学院school traditional Chinese nursing化工机械系department of chemical engineering mechanics化工系chemical engineering department化学工程系department of chemical engineering化学工程学院school of chemical engineering化学系chemistry department; department of chemistry环境工程系department of environmental engineering环境科学与工程学院school of environmental science and engineering环境与市政工程学院School of Environmental and Munic ipal Engineering会计统计系department of accounting and statistics机电工程学院 a mechanical and electrical school机械工程系department of mechanical engineering机械工程学院mechanical school机械工程与自动化学院school of mechanical engineering and automation机械系department of mechanical engineering基础学院school of foundation studies基础医学院school of preclinical medicine计算机工程与科学系department of computer engineering and science计算机科学系department of computer science计算机科学与技术系department of computer science and technology技术物理学系department of technical physics继续教育学院school of further education; school of continuing education;school of continuing studies家政系department of home economics建筑工程系department of architecture and civil engineering建筑与城市规划系department of architecture and urban planning建筑与城市规划学院school of architecture and urban planning健康卫生系department of health science交通管理学院school of communications management交通管理系department of communications management交通运输学院school of traffic and transportation教育系department of education解剖系department of anatomy文学院school of arts理学院school of sciences经济管理工程系department of economic and management engineering经济管理学院school of economics and management经济学系department of economics精密仪器系department of precision instrument考古系archaeology department考古学系department of archaeology科学学院school of sciences控制工程系department of control engineering口腔医疗系department of stomatology矿业系department of mining劳工关系系department of labor relations力学系department of mechanics力学与建筑工程学院School of Mechanics and Architecture engineering,历史学系department of history临床医学院school of clinical medicine旅馆业行政管理系department of hotel administration and management旅游事业系department of tourist industry旅游学院school of tourism轮机工程系department of marine engineering水利系department of water resources食品工业系department of food technology农学系department of agronomy农学院school of agriculture农业工程系department of agricultural engineering农业化学系department of agricultural chemistry农业机械系agriculture machinery department农业教育系department of agricultural education农业经济系department of agricultural economics农业推广系department of agricultural extension农业学院school of Agriculture女子学院women’s college培训学院school of education and training企业管理系department of business administration; department ofbusiness management汽车工程系department of automobile engineering汽车营销学院school of automobile marketing人文科学部school of humanities and science医学院medical school; medical college建筑系construction department美术学院school of arts and design农学院agriculture college热能工程系department of thermal engineering人类学系department of anthropology人文学院 a research institute for the humanities软件学院school of software森林系department of forestry商用数学系department of commercial mathematics英语系English department社科部department of social science神学系department of theology神学院theological school; divinity school生化系department of biochemistry生理教育健康学系department of physiological education and health science 生理学系department of physiology生命科学学院school of life science; academy of life science生命科学与技术学院school of life science and technology生物学系department of biology食品科学系department of food science食品营养系department of food and nutrition science市政系department of municipal administration兽医系department of veterinary medicine数力系mathematics and mechanics department数学科学系department of mathematics and science数学系department of mathematics水产学系department of fishery technology水利工程系department of hydraulic engineering水利系department of water conservancy; hydraulic engineeringdepartment水土保持系department of water and soil maintenance体育部department of physical education; physical educationdepartment体育系department of physical education天文系department of astronomy图书馆学系department of library science土地资源系department of land resources土壤资源系department of soil resources林业资源学院school of forest resources土木工程学院school of civil engineering土木系civil engineering department外国语言文学系department of foreign lan gu ages and literature外交系department of foreign affairs; department of foreign studies 外语系department of foreign languages；foreign languages department网络教育学院school of online education; virtual school卫生系department of public health文法系department of humanities & social science文法学院school of humanities and law；school of liberal arts and law文学院college of liberal arts; school of arts and literature文字文学系department of letters无线电电子学系department of radio electronics物理无线电系physics and radio engineering department物理学系department of physics西方语言文学系department of Western languages and literature石油工程学院school of petroleum engineering戏剧系department of theatricals系department, program细菌学系department of bacteriology现代远程教育学院modern distance education school心理学系department of psychology新闻系department of journalism新闻与传播学院school of journalism & communication信息工程学院information engineering school信息科学与工程学院school of information science and engineering信息科学与技术学院 a school of information science and technology畜牧系department of animal husbandry学院school; college牙医学系department of dentistry牙医学院school of dentistry亚非语系department of Asian-African languages研究生部graduate school; graduate program研究生院graduate school眼耳鼻喉系department of ophthalmology and otolaryngology药学系department of pharmacy冶金系department of metallurgy医学工程系department of medical engineering医学系department of basic medical science医学院medical school医院行政管理系department of hospital administration艺术系department of fine and applied arts; arts department艺术学院school of arts音乐系department of music银行系department of banking印刷系department of printing英文学院school of English studies英语教育学院school of English education影视传媒学院school of movie & TV studies船政系shipping management department渔业学系department of fishery园艺系department of horticulture原子能系department of atomic energy远程教育学院school of distance education院系colleges and departments运输管理系department of transportation management造船学系department of naval architecture哲学系department of philosophy针灸学院school of acupuncture, moxibustion & tuina政教系political education department政治教育系department of political education政治经济系political economy department; department of politicaleconomy政治系department of political science职教学院School of V ocational Education 3-year program)职业技术教育学院 a school of vocational and technical education职业技术学院 a school of vocational education; advance vocational school 植物系department of botany中国语言文学系department of Chinese language and literature中文系Chinese language and literature department水利系department of water resources国际教育学院school of International Education中药学院school of Chinese medicine中医学院school of traditional Chinese medicine专业major资源与土木工程学院school of resources and civil engineering自动化系department of automation; department of automationtension。
毕业证明用学科专业的中英文翻译对照表
050107
中国少数民族语言
CHINESE ETHNIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
85
050108
比较文学与世界文
COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND WORLD LITERATURE
86
0501Z1
中国文学思想史
HISTORY OF CHINESE LITERARY THOUGHT
物流学
LOGISTICS
33
020224
计算金融学
COMPUTIONAL FINANCE
34
03
法学
LAW
35
0301
法学
LAW
36
030101
法学理论
JURISPRUDENCE
37
030102
法律史
LEGAL HISTORY
38
030103
宪法学与行政法学
CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
050122
比较语言学
COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS
91
0502
外国语言文学
FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE
92
050201
英语语言文学
ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
93
050202
俄语语言文学
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
119
0603Z2
世界上古中古史
ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL WORLD HISTORY
120
0603Z3
物理学专业英语(2)2009
7 six-inch timbers , two 7-man crews,
fifteen 25-watt lamps
4. Estimateຫໍສະໝຸດ numerals spelled in English
The company has enough timber to operate for forty years.
（四）“more” 1. more than 1000,000 people 2. in excess of 2,000 square miles 4. upward of 800 water pumps 5. the hat cost over $5 6. 2 miles and more 7. 2 miles or more (五) “less” 1. below 876 2. less than 3,000 3. under 22 ms
Increased or decreased by… 1. A is by 2 longer than B. A=B+2 2. The prime cost decreased by 60%. A=(1-60%)B 3. The strength of the current is stepped down by sixth. double= 2 times(twice) , triple= 3 times , quadruple =4 times A=(1-1/6)B=5/6B
the exists re for all
p q p impliesq / if p, thenq p q p if and onlyif q /p is equivalent to q
ab a :b 90
大学各专业名称英文翻译—— 文科方面 ARTS
大学各专业名称英文翻译——文科方面ARTS澳门历史研究Study of the History of Macao办公管理Office Management办公设备运用Using Desktop Publishing in Business比较管理学Comparative Management比较诗学Comparative Poetics比较文化学Comparative Cult urology比较文学研究Study of Comparative Literature必修课4－10学分Restricted (4-10 Credits needed)病理生理学Pathological Physiology财务报告介绍An Introduction to Financial Accounting Statements财务报告运用Using Financial Accounting Statements财务管理学Financial Management财务会计学Financial Accounting财务理论与方法Finance Theory & Methods财政与金融Finance财政与金融学研究Study of Finance财政预算Preparing Financial Forecasts产业经济学Industrial Economics传统文化与现代化Tradition Culture and Modernization当代国际关系研究Contemporary International Relations Studies当代世界发展研究Contemporary World Development Studies当代中国外交与侨务专题研究Monographic Studies of Diplomacy and Overseas C hinese Affairs of Contemporary China德语(第二外语) German (2nd foreign language)第一外语(英语) English (1st foreign language)电力系统Power Electronic Systems电子数据Digital Electronics电子通信Electronic Communications电子原理Electrical Principles断代文化史研究Study of Dynastic History of Culture多媒体：多媒体应用开发Multimedia: Developing Multimedia Application多用户操作系统Multi-User Operating Systems耳鼻喉科学Otolaryngology发展经济学Economics of Development放射生态学Radioecology分布式应用程序的设计与开发：概况Distributed application Design and Developme nt: An Introduction分子细胞与组织生物学Molecular, Cellular and Tissue Biology分子遗传学Molecular Genetics妇产科学Gynecology & Obstetrics高级生物化学Advanced Biochemistry高级水生生物学Advanced Hydrobiology工程实践与应用沟通（提升行业沟通技能）Communication (Developing a Commun ication Strategy for Vocational Purposes)沟通：实用技能Communication: Practical Skills管理经济学Management Economics管理决策Management Decision-Making管理理论研究|| Management Theory Studies管理理论与实践|| Management Theory & Practice管理学研究|| Management Research光化学|| Photochemistry国际关系案例分析|| Case Studies of International Affairs国际关系学导论|| Introduction of International Relations国际金融市场研究|| International Financial Market Study国际金融研究|| Study of International Finance国际经济关系研究|| International Economic Relations国际经济环境|| The International Economic Environment国际经济政治制度比较研究|| Comparative Researches on International Economic & Political Structure国际音标的应用|| Application of International Phonetic Alphabet国际战略与大国关系|| International Strategy国际政治经济学|| International Political Economy国际组织与国际制度|| International organization and International System海外汉学|| Sinology Abroad海外华侨华人概论|| Researches on Overseas Chinese海外华人文学研究|| Study of Overseas Chinese Literature汉语词汇学|| Chinese Lexicology汉语方言调查|| Survey of Chinese Dialects汉语方言概要|| Outline of Chinese Dialects汉语方言学专书选读|| Selected Reading of Chinese Dialectology汉语方言研究|| Studies of Chinese Dialects汉语史名著选读|| Selected Reading of Chinese History汉语音韵学|| Chinese Phonology汉语语法史|| History of Chinese Grammar汉语语法学名著选读|| Selected Reading of Chinese Grammar宏观经济环境|| The Macro Economic Environment宏观经济学|| Macro-economics互联网：WEB服务器的管理|| Internet: Web Server Management互联网：电子商务入门|| Internet : Introducing E Commerce互联网：网络客户服务|| Internet : Internet Client Service互联网：网络配制与管理|| Internet: Configuration and Administration of Internet Services华侨华人史|| History of Overseas Chinese华侨华人与国际关系|| Ethnic Chinese and International Relations环境生物学|| Environmental Biology回族史|| History of Chinese Muslims会计基本理论与方法|| Basic Theories & Approaches of计算数学1 || Mathematics of Computing 1计算数学2 || Mathematics of Computing 2解剖生理学|| Anatomical Physiology金融工程学|| Financial Engineering金融机构风险管理|| Risk Management by Financial Institution金融热点及前沿问题专题研究|| Research on Financial l Central & Up-to-date Iss ues经济数量分析方法|| Methods of Economic & Mathematic Analysis经济数量分析方法|| Methods of Economic Quantitative Analysis跨文化管理学|| Cross-Cultural Management临床血液病学|| Clinical Hematology马克思主义与当代科技革命|| Marxism & Contemporary Science & Technology R evolution马克思主义与当代社会思潮|| Marxism & Contemporary Social Trends o f Thoug ht美术理论|| Theory of Fine Art美术史|| History of Fine Art蒙古史|| History of the Mongols免疫生物学|| Immunobiology免疫学|| Immunology免疫学|| Immunology民族政策与民族理论研究|| Study of Policies and Theories on Nation laities明清档案|| Archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties模拟电路|| Analogue Electronics南海诸岛史研究|| Study of the History of Islands in the South Chi na Sea企业财务与资本营运|| Company Finance & Capital Operation企业管理理论与实务|| Theory & Practice of Business Management企业应用软件的开发：概况|| Enterprise Application Development: An Introduction 全球化研究|| Globalization Studies人工器官|| Artificial organs人力资源管理研究方法|| Study Methods of Human Resource Management人体解剖学|| Human Anatomy人文地理文化学|| Cult urology of Humane Geography日常交流（法语/德语/意大利语/西班牙语1、2、3级）|| Basic communication in Fr ench/German/Italian/Spanish(Levels 1,2&3)日语(第二外语) || Japanese (2nd foreign language)软件开发：抽象数据结构|| Software Development: Abstract Data Structure软件开发：第四代开发环境|| Software Development: Fourth Generation Environm ent软件开发：高级编程|| Software Development: Advanced Programming软件开发：过程式程序设计|| Software Development: Procedural Programming软件开发：汇编语言和编程|| Software Development: Assembly Language and Int erface Programming软件开发：结构设计方法|| Software Development: Structure Design Methods软件开发：开发计划|| Software Development: Program Planning软件开发：快速应用开发和原型技术|| Software Development: Rapid Applications Development and Prototyping软件开发：面向对象编程|| Software Development: Object oriented Programming 软件开发：面象对象设计|| Software Development: Object oriented Design软件开发：事件驱动程序设计|| Software Development:: Event Driven Programmin g 软件开发：网站开发|| Software Development: Developing the WWW软件开发：应用软件开发|| Software商业法规|| Law for Business商业模式|| Structure of Business商业情报管理|| Business Information Management商业统计1 || Business Statistics 1商业统计2 || Business Statistics 2商业信息技术运用（电子数据表和Word处理应用软件）|| Using Information Technol ogy in Business（Spreadsheets &Word Processing Applications）商业信息技术运用（数据库和Word处理应用软件）|| Using Information Technology in Business (Database & Word Processing Applications)社会语言学|| Sociolinguistics审计学|| Auditing生物材料|| Biomaterials生物材料测试技术|| Modern Testing Methods of Biomaterials生物分子的探测和操纵|| Signals Bimolecular Detection and Manipulation生物力学|| Biomechanics生物流变学|| Biorheology生物信息学|| Bioinformatics物医学工程前沿|| Advances in Biomedical Engineering生物医学信号处理与建模|| Biomedical Signal Processing and Modeling生物制片及电镜技术|| Biological Section and Electronic Microscope Technique 生物制片及电镜技术|| Biological Section and Electronic Microscope Technique生殖工程|| Reproductive Engineering世界经济与政治研究|| World Economy & Politics Studies水生动物生理生态学|| Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal水生生物学研究进展|| Study Progress on Aquatic Biology水域生态学|| Aquatic Ecology思想道德修养|| Understand of Ideology and Morality宋代政治制度研究|| Study of the Political System of Song Dynasty宋明理学史研究|| Study of the History of Neo-Confucianism in Son g and Ming Dynasties提高个人成效|| Developing Personal Effectiveness通信工程|| Communication and Industry网络会计研究|| Network Accounting Studies微观经济环境|| The Micro Economic Environment微观经济学与宏观经济学|| Micro-economics & Macro-economics微型计算机系统|| Microcomputer Systems文化语言学|| Cultural Linguistics文献学|| Bibliography文学与文化|| Literature and Culture文艺美学|| Aesthetics of Literature and Art文艺学专题研究|| Special Study of Literature Theory西方史学理论|| Historical Theories in the West西方文论|| Western Literary Theories系统开发：关系数据库|| Systems Development: Rational Database Systems 系统开发概论|| Systems Development Introduction系统生态学|| System Ecology细胞超微结构|| Cell Ultra structure细胞超微生物学|| Cell Ultra microbiology细胞生长因子|| Cell Growth Factor现代公司会计研究|| Study of Modern Company Accounting现代汉语诗学|| Modern Chinese Poetics现代汉语语法研究|| Studies of Modern Chinese Grammar现代经济与金融理论研究|| Study of Modern Economy & Finance Theory现代商业复合信息|| Presenting complex Business Information现代商业信息|| Presenting Business Information现代审计理论与方法研究|| Study of Modern Audit Theories & Approaches香港历史研究|| Study of the History of Hong Kong项目管理|| Project Management项目设计|| Project Studies新制度经济学|| New Institutional Economics新制度经济学|| New Institutional Economics信息工程：应用软件|| Information Technology: Applications Software 1信息技术和信息系统|| Information Technology Information Systems and Service s信息技术应用软件|| Information Technology Applications Software选修课总学分|| Total optional credits required血液分子细胞生物学|| Hematological Cell and Molecular Biology训诂学史|| History of Chinese Traditional Semantics亚太经济政治与国际关系|| Economy, Politics and International Relations in Asia n-Pacific Region眼科学|| Ophthalmology医学分子生物学|| Medical Molecular Biology医学基因工程|| Gene Engineering in Medicine医学统计学|| Medical Statistics医学图像处理|| Image Processing医学物理学|| Medical Physics医学信息学|| Medi-formatics医学遗传学|| Medical Genetics医学影像技术|| Medical Imaging Technique医学影像诊疗与介入放射学|| Medical Imaging Diagnosis & Treatment and Interve ning Radiology译介学|| Medio-Translatology音韵学史|| History of Chinese Phonology应用统计|| Applied Statistics应用统计|| Applied Statistics用户支持|| Providing Support to Users语义学|| Semantics藻类生理生态学|| Ecological Physiology in Algae增强团队合作意识|| Developing the Individual Within a Team政治学研究|| Politics Studies中国古代历史文献的考释与利用之一：宋史史料学之二：元史史料学之三：港澳史料学之四：边疆民族史料学|| Utilization and Interpretation of Ancient Chinese Hist orical Literature 中国古代史的断代研究之一：宋史研究之二：元史研究之三：明清史研究|| Dynastic History of China中国古代史的专题研究之一：宋元明清经济史之二：二十世纪宋史研究评价之三：中国文化史之四：中西文化交流史之五：港澳史研究之六：中国边疆民族史之七：西域史研究|| Studies of History of China中国古代文化史|| History of Chinese Ancient Culture中国古代文论|| Ancient Chinese Literary Theories中国古典美学研究|| Study of Chinese Classical Aesthetics中国教育史|| History of Education in China中国经济问题研究|| Economic Problems Research in China中国区域文化研究之一：岭南文化史之二：潮汕文化史|| Re search on Chinese Re gional Culture中国少数民族文化专题研究|| Study of Special Subjects on Cultures of Chinese Minority Nationality中国思想史|| History of Chinese Ideologies中国与大国关系史之一：中美关系史之二：中俄关系史之三：中英关系史之四：中日关系史|| History of Relations Between China and Major Powers中国与世界地区关系史之一：与中亚地区关系史之二：与东南亚地区关系史之三：与东北亚地区关系史之四：与南亚地区关系史|| History of Relations Between China an d Other Regions o f the World中国语言文学与文化|| Chinese Languages, Literatures and Cultures中外关系史名著导读|| Reading Guide of Famous Works on the History of Sino-Foreign Relations中外关系史史料学|| Science of Historical Data on the History of S info-Foreign Relations中外关系史研究|| Researches on the History of Sino-Foreign Relations中外史学理论与方法研究|| Researches on Theory and Method About Si no-Forei gn History Science中外文化交流史|| History of Sino-Foreign Cultural Exchanges中外文论|| Chinese and Western Literature Theories中西交通史|| History of Communication Between China and the West资本市场研究|| Study of Capital Market资本营运、财务与管理会计理论和方法研究|| Study of Theories & Appr oaches of Capital Operation, Financial Management Accounting资本运营与财务管理研究|| Capital Operation and Financial Management Researc h组织工程进展|| Advances in Tissue Engineering组织行为理论|| organizational Behavior Theory《中华人民共和国学位条例》“Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in the People's Republic of Chin a”结业证书Certificate of Completion毕业证书Certificate of Graduation肄业证书Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/Attendance/Study教育学院College/Institute of Education中学Middle[Secondary] School师范学校Normal School[upper secondary level]师范专科学校Normal Specialized Postsecondary College师范大学Normal[Teachers] University公正书Notaries Certificate专科学校Postsecondary Specialized College广播电视大学Radio and Television University中等专科学校Secondary Specialized School自学考试Self-Study Examination技工学校Skilled Workers[Training] School业余大学Spare-Time University职工大学Staff and Workers University大学University(regular, degree-granting)职业大学Vocational University。
各专业课程英文翻译
各专业课程英文翻译（精心整理）生物及医学专业课程汉英对照表应用生物学Applied Biology 医学技术Medical Technology 细胞生物学Cell Biology 医学 Medicine生物学 Biology 护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia 进化生物学Evolutionary Biology 口腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋生物学Marine Biology 口腔 / 牙科科学 Oral/DentalSciences微生物学Microbiology 骨科医学Osteopathic Medicine 分子生物学Molecular Biology 耳科学Otology医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学Physical Therapy口腔生物学Oral Biology 足病医学Podiatric Medicine 寄生物学Parasutology 眼科学Ophthalmology植物生物学Plant Physiology 预防医学Preventive Medicine心理生物学Psychobiology 放射学Radiology放射生物学Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 RehabilitationCounseling理论生物学Theoretical Biology 康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing 野生生物学Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing环境生物学Environmental Biology 治疗学Therapeutics运动生物学Exercise Physiology 畸形学Teratology有机体生物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学Veterinary Sciences生物统计学Biometrics 牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences生物物理学Biophysics 牙科科学Dentistry生物心理学Biopsychology 皮肤学Dermatology生物统计学Biostatistics 内分泌学Endocrinology生物工艺学Biotechnology 遗传学Genetics生物化学Biological Chemistry 解剖学Anatomy生物工程学Biological Engineering 麻醉学Anesthesia生物数学Biomathematics 临床科学Clinical Science生物医学科学 Biomedical Science 临床心理学 Clinical Psychology 细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology 精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing力学专业数学分析常微分方程计算方法材料力学流体力学机械制图气体力学弹性板理论Mathematical AnalysisOrdinary DifferentialEquation NumericalMethods Mechanics ofMaterials Fluid MechanicsMachining Drawing GasDynamicsTheory of Elastic Plates高等代数与几何数学物理方法理论力学弹性力学力学实验力学概论Advanced Algebra andGeometryMethods in MathematicalPhysics Theoretical MechanicsElasticityExperiments in Solid Mechanics弹性力学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity 塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity 计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 粘性流体力学V iscous Fluid Flow有限元法 Finite Element Method经典力学中的数学方法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器人动力学 Dynamics of Robots 自动控制原理Principles of AutomaticControl优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 概率与统计 Probability and Statistics 专业英语 English for Mechanics 振动理论 Theory of Vibration 程序设计方法 (C 和 FORTRAN) Programming inC&FORTRAN 水动力学 光测力学 高等动力学 机械设计与 信息显示 (可视化 ) 微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer 复变函数企业管理专业跨国公司专题研究 Special Researchof multinational corporation 国际贸易InternationalTrade 国际营销研究 International Marketing Research 公司组织与管理Organization andManagementof Corporate战略管理 Strategic Management 企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 运筹学Operational Research信息管理专业广告实务 Practice of Advertisement 多媒体技术 Multimedia 操作系统 Operating System信息科学基础 Foundations ofHydrodynamics Photo MechanicsAdvanced DynamicsAuto CAD Machinery Designing and AutoCAD Visualization计算机图象处理 Image Processing 断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics 摄动方法 Perturbation MethodsComplex Function管理学 宏观经济学 产业经济学 项目评估 管理沟通Principles of Management Industrial Economics Projects Appraisal ManagementNegotiation 微观经济学 管理信息系统 财务管理 战略管理 国际商务谈判 MicroeconomicsSystems of ManagementInformationFinancial Management Strategic ManagementNegotiation on Business Affairs生产管理研究 组织行为学 人力资源管Operation Management Organizational Behavior Human Resource Management 高等数学 Higher Mathematics 数据库系统 信息管理概论 信息经济学 社会实践 管理学原理 信息组织信息存储与检索 信息服务与Database Introduction to InformationManagementInformation Economics 企业信息化工程 Practical Work 信息分析与决策 Principlesof Management 信息政策与法规 InformationOrganization 计算机网络Information Retrieval andStorage informationService and UserStudy 管理信息系统 决策分析 概率统计 电子商务EnterpriseInformationalization Information Analysis andPolicy Making Information Policy and Law Computer Networks Management Information System 线性代数Policy Making 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics Statistics and ProbabilityTheory 生产与运作管理 Production Management Electronic Commerce 信息系统安全与保密 Information SystemSecurityInformationScience经济信息管理 Economic Information Management 专业英语 Specialty English 微机基础Principles of Microcomputers 文献计量学 Bibliometrics 电子出版技术 Electronic Publishing 广告概论 Introduction to Advertisement信息环境论 Information Environments 传播学原理 Principles of CommunicationTheory 知识产权法学 Law of Intelligence Property 组织行为学 Studies of Organization货币银行学专业物理专业热学 Thermodynamics 力学 Mechanics光学 Optics电磁学 Electromagnetism计算概论 Computing Generality 普通物理实验 General Physics Laboratory固体磁性及应用基础 Magnetism of the Solid Stateand its Application衍射物理(固体结构分析)Diffraction Physics (Structureof Solid Analysis)科研实用软件 Utility Software for ScientificResearch 计算机模拟方法 Computer Simulation Methods 激光原理、技术与应用 The Principle, Techniqueand Application of Laser材料物理 Materials Physics 近代光学和光电子学 现代固体物理 Modern Solid State Physics 粒子物理 物理宇宙学基础 Elements of Cosmology Physics 原子物理 Atomic Physics量子力学 理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 电动力学普通物理综合实验 Synthetical Experiments ofGeneral Physics市场营销学专业营销管理 Marketing Management 公共关系 Public Relationship 国际贸易 International Trade 消费者行为 Consumer Behavior管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 营销调研 Marketing Research 推销学 SalesStrategies 国际金融International Finance货币银行学 宏观经济学策略管理 银行会计 运筹学 财务管理 Money and Banking Macroeconomics管理信息系统 运筹学保险学 管理会计 国际贸易 国际金融 租赁与信托商业银行实务 项目评估 人力资源管理 财务报告分析 财务案Strategic ManagementBank Accounting Operational ResearchFinancial Management Hiring and AffiancingPractice of Business Bank Projects AppraisalHuman Resource Management Analysis of Financial Statement Case Analysis of FinancialManagement证券投资学国际结算 金融市场学 System of Management InformationOperational Research Insurance Managerial Accounting International TradeInternational Finance Security Analysis and Investment International Balance Financial MarketingModern Optics and Optoelectronics Particle Physics固体物理 Solid State Physics Quantum MechanicsElectrodynamicsMarketing Forecasting andPlanning ales Channels Management 管理学 International Marketing 商业谈判营销案例分析Practice of InternationalTrade营销预测与规划销售渠道管理国际市场营销广告管理 Advertising Management 国际贸易实务企业伦理Enterprise Ethics 新产品开发Principles of Management Business Negotiation Case Studies of Marketing 服务业营销 Service Industry Marketing New Products Development财务学专业会计专业会计学 Accounting Principles 管理会计Managerial Accounting 会计信息系统 Accounting Information Systems 财务管理 FinancialManagement 财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement 国际会计 International Accounting 财税法规与税务会计 Laws and Regulations ofFinanceand Taxes 预算会计 Budget Accounting 会计研究方法 Accounting Research Methods 内部审计与政府审计 Internal Auditing and GovernmentAuditing 会计审计实务 Accounting and Auditing Practice经济计量学 Economic Metrology会计职业道德与责任 Accounting Ethics and Responsibilities国际会计专题 International AccountingSpecial Subject 微观经济学 Microeconomics货币银行学 Money and Banking证券投资学财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement 国际金融 保险学 Insurance 财务案例分析 国际财务管理 International Financial Management 项目评估 财务管理 运筹学 管理会计 管理学 统计学 Projects AppraisalFinancial Management Operational Research ManagerialAccounting Principles of Management宏观经济学 管理信息系统 策略管理 微观经济学 微积分Security Analysis and Investment International Finance Case Analysis of FinanceManagement 资产评估Assets Appraisal MacroeconomicsSystems of ManagementInformationCalculus成本会计 Cost Accounting 审计学 Auditing Principles 投资学 Investment Principles 货币银行学 Money and Banking 国际金融 International Finance 统计学 Principle of Stat。
第一讲 物理学专业英语的特点
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cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 change-over switch 换向开关 current-carrying conductor 载流导体 digital-to-analogue conversion 数模转换 fine-adjustment 微调 flat-bottomed flask 平底烧瓶 fly-back 回扫 full-wave rectifier 全波整流器 half-wave rectification 半波整流 infra-red ray 红外线 inverse-square law 平方反比定律 ion-pair 离子对 push-button switch 按钮开关 joulemeter 焦耳计 kilowatt 千瓦特 loudspeaker 扬声器 output 输出 supersaturation 过饱和
hydroxide（氢氧化物，羟化物） diode（二极管） isotope（同位素）
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2、通用科技词汇
不同专业都要经常使用的词汇，数量较大，如时间、空间、 方位、方向、尺寸、形状、面积、体积等方面还有一批要求 固定介词的形容词和动词 多门学科可使用的半专业词汇。此类词的使用范围比纯科技 词广，出现频率高，但在不同的专业里有较为稳定的词义
物理英语physics
物理英语physics物理英语（Physics）是一门研究自然界中物质及其运动规律的学科。
它是自然科学中最基础、最广泛的学科之一，也是现代科技发展的基石。
在物理研究中，英语作为国际通用语言，扮演着重要的角色。
本文将从“物理英语的意义”、“物理英语的基本词汇和语法”、“物理英语的应用”三个方面来探讨物理英语。
一、物理英语的意义随着科技的进步和国际化的趋势，物理英语已成为国际学术交流的重要工具。
在国际上，科学家们用英语进行交流、发表论文、参加会议，因此物理英语的掌握对于学术交流和国际合作具有重要意义。
在国内，物理英语是高等教育中的重要学科，物理学专业的学生必须掌握物理英语，才能更好地理解和应用物理学知识。
二、物理英语的基本词汇和语法1. 物理学的基本概念在物理学中，有很多基本概念，例如：质量（mass）、力（force）、加速度（acceleration）、速度（velocity）、功（work）、能量（energy）、动量（momentum）等等。
这些基本概念是物理学研究的基础，也是物理英语学习的基础。
2. 物理学的单位在物理学中，有很多重要的单位，例如：米（meter）、秒（second）、千克（kilogram）、牛（newton）、焦耳（joule）等等。
这些单位是物理学中量度物理量的基本单位，因此在学习物理英语时，必须掌握这些单位的英文表达。
3. 物理学的公式在物理学中，有很多重要的公式，例如：牛顿第二定律（Newton's second law）、功（work）的公式、动能（kinetic energy）的公式、动量（momentum）的公式等等。
这些公式是物理学研究的基础，也是物理英语学习的重点。
4. 物理学的语法在学习物理英语时，需要掌握一些物理学特有的语法结构，例如：被动语态（passive voice）、定语从句（relative clause）、主语从句（noun clause）等等。
大学科目名称的英语翻译（全）
大学科目名称的英语翻译（按首字汉语拼音A-Z排序）英文字母开头的课程ALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC & FORTRAN 语言BASIC Language & FORTRAN LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageC++程序设计C++ Program DesigningCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCET-4 College English Test (Band 4)CET-6 College English Test (Band 6)COBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言科学计算方法Scientific Computation Method in CC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计Course Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN 77 语言FORTRAN 77 LanguageFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageFoxBase程序设计FoxBase ProgrammingHopf代数Hopf AlgebraHopf代数与代数群量子群Hopf Algebra , Algebraic Group and Qua ntum Group IBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PCIBM汇编及高级语言的接口IBM Assembly & its Interfaces with AdvancedProgramming LanguagesInternet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet TechnologyLSI设计基础Basic of LSI DesigningOS/2操作系统OS/2 Operation SystemPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALPASCAL语言PASCAL LanguagePC机原理Principle of PCUnix编程环境Unix Programming EnvironmentUnix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix SystemVLSI的EDA技术EDA Techniques for VLSIVLSI技术与检测方法VLSI Techniques & Its ExaminationVLSI设计基础Basis of VLSI DesignWindows系统Windows Operation SystemX光分析X-ray AnalysisX射线金属学X-Ray & MetallographyX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly LanguagesB开头的课程板壳非线性力学Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell板壳理论Plate Theory , Theory of Plate and Shell板壳力学Plate Mechanics办公自动化Office Automatization办公自动化系统毕业设计Office Automatization Thesis办公自动化系统设计Office Automatization Design半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semi-conductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device 半导体器件课程设计Course Design of Semiconductor Devices半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semi-conduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor半群理论Semi-group Theory保健食品监督评价Evaluation and Supervision on Health Food s保险学Insurance保险学Insurance报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报刊选读Selected Readings of Newspaper & Magazine报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业论文Graduation Thesis毕业设计Graduation Thesis毕业实习Graduation Practice编译方法Compilation Method编译方法Methods of Compiling编译技术Technique of Compiling编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling, Principles of Compiler编译原理课程设计Course Design of Compiling变电站的微机检测Computer Testing in Transformer Substation变电站的微机检测与控制Computer Testing & Control in Transformer Substation变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics & N eoRo表面活性剂化学及应用Chemistry and Application of Surfactant表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行处理Parallel Processing并行处理与并行程序设计Parallel Processing and Parallel Programming并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Spectroscopy, Wave Spectrum波谱学实验Spectroscopic Experiment薄膜光学Film Optics薄膜物理Thin Film Physics不育症的病因学Etiology of InfertilityC开头的课程材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料化学Material Chemistry材料力学Mechanics of Materials财税法规与税务会计Laws and Regulations of Finance and Taxes财务案例分析Case Analysis of Finance Management财务案例分析Case Analysis of Financial Management财务报告分析Analysis of Financial Statement财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财务管理Financial Management, Financial Cost Management财务管理与分析Financial Management and Analysis财务会计Financial Accountancy财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与税收Finance & Revenue财政与税收理论Theories on Public Finance and Tax Revenue财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System (DOS)操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统与编译原理Disk Operating System & Fundamentals of Compiling 操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System, Principles of Operating System测量技术基础Foundation of Measurement Technology测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement策略管理Strategic Management产品学Production产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织Industrial Organization产业组织学Industrial Organization Technology常微分方程Ordinary Differential Equations场论Field Theory超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超高真空科学与技术Science and Technology of Ultrahigh Vacuum 60超精密加工和微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing超声及应用Supersonics Application成本会计Cost Accounting成像原理与技术Principles & Technique of Imaging成组技术Grouping Technique城市规划原理Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学Urban Sociology程控数字交换Program Controlling of Digital Exchange程序设计Program Designing程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming, Methods of Programming 程序设计及算法语言Program Designing & Algorithmic Language程序设计语言Programming Language齿轮啮合原理Principles of Gear Connection冲击测量及误差Punching Measurement & Error冲压工艺Sheet Metal Forming Technology抽象代数Abstract Algebra初等数学Primary Mathematics传坳概论Introduction to Pass Col传动概论Introduction to Transmission传感技术Sensor Technique传感技术及应用Sensor Technique & Application传感器及应用Sensors & Application传感器与检测技术Sensors & Testing Technology传感器原理Fundamentals of Sensors传感器原理及应用Fundamentals of Sensors & Application传热学Heat Transfer船舶操纵Ship Controlling船舶电力系统Ship Electrical Power System船舶电力系统课程设计Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System 船舶电气传动自动化Ship Electrified Transmission Automation船舶电站Ship Power Station船舶动力装置Ship Power Equipment船舶概论Introduction to Ships船舶焊接与材料Welding & Materials on Ship船舶机械控制技术Mechanic Control Technology for Ships船舶机械拖动Ship Mechanic Towage船舶建筑美学Artistic Designing of Ships船舶结构Ship Structure船舶结构力学Structural Mechanics for Ships船舶结构与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船舶静力学Ship Statics船舶强度与结构设计Designing Ship Intensity & Structure船舶设计原理Principles of Ship Designing船舶推进Ship Propelling船舶摇摆Ship Swaying船舶摇摆与操纵Ship Swaying & Manipulating船舶振动Ship Vibration船舶阻力Ship Resistance船体建造工艺Ship-Building Technology船体结构Ship Structure船体结构图Ship Structure Graphing船体结构与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船体振动学Ship Vibration船体制图Ship Graphing船用电器设备Marine Electrical Equipment创造心理学Creativity Psychology词汇学Lexicology磁测量技术Magnetic Measurement Technology磁传感器Magnetic Sensor磁存储设备设计原理Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment磁记录Magnetographic磁记录技术Magnetographic Technology磁记录物理Magnetographic Physics磁路设计与场计算Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculati磁盘控制器Magnetic Disk Controler磁性材料Magnetic Materials磁性测量Magnetic Measurement磁性物理Magnetophysics磁原理及应用Principles of Catalyzation & Application催化原理Principles of CatalysisD开头的课程大电流测量Super-Current Measurement大电源测量Super-Power Measurement大机组协调控制Coordination & Control of Generator Networks大跨度房屋结构Large-Span House structure大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers大型火电机组控制Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks大型数据库原理与高级开发技术Principles of Large-Scale Data-Bas e and Advanced Development Technology大学德语College German大学俄语College Russian大学法语College French大学日语College Japanese大学生心理学Psychology Introduction大学物理College Physics大学物理实验Experiment of College Physics大学英语College English大学语文College Chinese大众传播学Mass Media代数几何Algebraic Geometry代数几何Algebraic Geometry代数曲面Algebraic Surfaces代数图论Algebraic Graph Theory代数拓扑Algebraic Topology代数学Algebra代用燃料Substitute Fuel代用运放电路Simulated Transmittal Circuit单片机与接口技术Mono-Chip Computers & Interface Technique单片机原理Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers单片机原理及应用Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers & Applications 弹塑性力学Elastic-Plastic Mechanics弹性波Elastic Waves弹性力学Elastic Mechanics, Theory of Elastic Mechanics弹性元件的理论及设计Theory and Design of Elastic Element蛋白质结构基础Principle of Protein Structure蛋白质生物化学技术Biochemical Technology of Protein当代国际关系Contemporary International Relationship当代国外社会思维评价Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought 当代文学Contemporary Literature当代文学专题Topics on Contemporary Literature当代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy当代戏剧与电影Contemporary Drama & Films当代资本主义经济Contemporary Capitalist Economy党史History of the Party导波光学Wave Guiding Optics德育Moral Education等离子体工程Plasma Engineering低频电子线路Low Frequency Electric Circuit低温测试技术Cryo Testing Technique低温传热学Cryo Conduction低温固体物理Cryo Solid Physics低温技术原理与装置Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment低温技术中的微机原理Priciples of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温生物学原理与应用Principle & Application of Cryobiology低温实验技术Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温原理与设备Cryo Fundamentals & Equipment低温制冷机Cryo Refrigerator低温中的微机应用Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温装置Cryo Equipment低噪声电子电路Low-Noise Electric Circuit低噪声电子设计Low-Noise Electronic Designing低噪声放大与弱检Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing低噪声与弱信号检测Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals地基基础课程设计Course Design of Groundsill Basis地理Geography第二次世界大战史History of World War II典型计算机分析Classical Computer Analysis电测量技术Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统Computer Control System in Power Plants电磁测量实验技术Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology 电磁场计算机Electromagnetic Field Computers电磁场理论Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场数值计算Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology电磁场中的数值方法Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields电磁场中的数值计算Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields电磁学Electromagnetics电动力学Electrodynamics电镀Plating电分析化学Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工材料Electrical Materials电工测量技术基础Measurement Technology of Electrical Engineering电工测试技术基础Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术基础Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工基础Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础理论Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础实验Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrotechnics电工技术基础Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验Experiment of Electrical Engineering电工实验技术基础Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering电工学Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧电接触Electrical Arc Contact电弧焊及电渣焊Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学Electrochemical Technology电机Motor电机测试技术Motor Measuring Technology电机电磁场的分析与计算Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor &电机电磁场的数值计算Calculation of Electrical Motor & Electromagnetic Fields 电机电磁场理论Theory of Electrical Moto & Electromagnetic Fields电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply电机矩阵分析法Analysis of Electrical Motor Matrix电机课程设计Course Exercise in Electric Engine电机绕组理论Theory of Motor Winding电机绕组理论及应用Theory & Application of Motor Winding电机设计Design of Electrical Motor电机瞬变过程Electrical Motor Change Processes电机统一理论Theory of Electrical Motor Integration电机学Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机Electrical Machinery Control & Technology电机与拖动Electrical Machinery & Towage电机原理Principle of Electric Engine电机原理与拖动Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage电机专题Lectures on Electric Engine电接触与电弧Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc电介质物理Dielectric Physics电镜Electronic Speculum电力电子电路Power Electronic Circuit电力电子电器Power Electronic Equipment电力电子器件Power Electronic Devices电力电子学Power Electronics电力工程Electrical Power Engineering电力企业管理Management of Electrical Enterprise电力生产技术Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力生产优化管理Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation电力拖动Electric Traction电力拖动基础Fundamentals for Electrical Towage电力拖动控制系统Electrical Towage Control Systems电力拖动与电气控制Electrical Towage & Electrical Control电力系统Power Systems电力系统电源最优化规划Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System 电力系统短路Power System Shortcuts电力系统分析Power System Analysis电力系统规划Power System Planning电力系统过电压Hyper-V oltage of Power Systems电力系统继电保护原理Power System Relay Protection电力系统经济分析Economical Analysis of Power Systems电力系统经济运行Economical Operation of Power Systems电力系统可靠性Power System Reliability电力系统可靠性分析Power System Reliability Analysis电力系统课程设计Course Design of Power Systems电力系统无功补偿及应用Non-Work Compensation in Power Systems & Applicati 电力系统谐波Harmonious Waves in Power Systems电力系统优化设计Optimal Designing of Power Systems电力系统远动Operation of Electric Systems电力系统远动技术Operation Technique of Electric Systems电力系统运行Operation of Electric Systems电力系统自动化Automation of Electric Systems电力系统自动装置Power System Automation Equipment电力系统最优规划Optimal Planning in Power System电力装置课程设计Course Design of Power Equipment电力装置与系统Power Equipment & System电路测量与实验Circuit Measurement & Experiment电路测试技术Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术基础Fundamentals of Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术及实验Circuit Measurement Technology & Experiments电路分析基础Basis of Circuit Analysis电路分析基础实验Basic Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路分析实验Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路和电子技术Circuit and Electronic Technique电路基本理论Basis Theory of Circuitry电路及电子线路CAD Circuitry CAD电路理论Theory of Circuit电路理论基础Fundamental Theory of Circuit电路理论实验Experiments in Theory of Circuct电路设计与测试技术Circuit Designing & Measurement Technology电气测量技术Electrical Measurement Technology电气传动Electrified Transmission电气控制技术Electrical Control Technology电器设计Electrical Appliances Designing电器学Electrical Appliances电器与控制Electrical Appliances & Control电生理技术基础Basics of Electricphysiological Technology电视传感器图象显示Television Sensor Graphic Display电视接收技术Television Reception Technology电视节目Television Programs电视节目制作Television Program Designing电视新技术New Television Technology电视新闻Television News电视原理Principles of Television电网调度自动化Automation of Electric Network Management电学实验Electrical Experiment电影艺术Art of Film Making电站微机检测控制Computerized Measurement & Control of Power Statio电子材料与元件测试技术Measuring Technology of Electronic Material and Element 电子材料元件Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件测量Electronic Material and Element Measurement电子测量与实验技术Technology of Electronic Measurement & Experiment电子测试Electronic Testing电子测试技术Electronic Testing Technology电子测试技术与实验Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子测试实验Electronic Testing Experiment电子测试与实验技术Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子机械运动控制技术Technology of Electronic Mechanic Movement Control电子技术Technology of Electronics电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用Application of Electronic Technology in Erosion Measurement电子技术基础Basic Electronic Technology电子技术基础与实验Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子技术综合性设计实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验Experiment in Electronic Theory电子商务Electronic Commerce电子系统的ASIC技术ASIC Design Technologies电子显微分析Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜Electronic Microscope电子线路Electronic Circuit电子线路的计算机辅助设计Computer Associate Design of Electronic Circuit 电子线路课程设计Course Design of Electronic Circuit电子线路设计与测试技术Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology 电子线路设计与测试实验Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Experiment 电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuit电子学Electronics电子学课程设计Course Design of Electronics电子照相技术Electronic Photographing Technology雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节原理Principles of Regulation调节装置Regulation Equipment动力机械CAD Dynamical Machine CAD动力学Dynamics动态规划Dynamic Programming动态无损检测Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement动态信号Dynamic Signal动态信号分析与仪器Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus动物病害学基础Basis of Animal Disease动物免疫学Animal Immunology动物生理与分子生物学Animal Physiology and Molecular Biochemistry动物学Zoology动物遗传工程Animal Genetic Engineering毒理遗传学Toxicological Genetics断裂力学Fracture Mechanics断裂疲劳力学Fatigue Fracture Mechanics锻压测试技术Forging Testing Technique锻压工艺Forging Technology锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery锻压加热设备Forging Heating Equipment锻压设备专题Lectures on Forging Press Equipments锻压系统动力学Dynamics of Forging System锻造工艺Forging Technology锻造加热设备Forging Heat Equipment对外贸易保险International Trade Insurance对外贸易地理International Marketing Geography对外贸易概论Introduction to International Trade对外贸易运输International Trade Transportation多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Technology多复变函数Analytic Functions of Several Complex V ariables多媒体计算机技术Multimedia Computer Technology多媒体技术Multimedia Technology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nominal Matrix多元统计分析Multivariable StatisticsF开头的课程发电厂Power Plant发电厂电气部分Electric Elements of Power Plants发电厂电气部分与动力部分Electric Elements & Dynamics of Power Plants发电厂电气部分与热力设备Electric Elements & Thermodynamics Equipment of PowerPlants发电厂计算机控制Computer Control in Power Plant发酵工程Zymolysis Engineering发育生物学原理与实验技术Principle and Experimental Technology of Development发展经济学Evolutive Economics法理学Nomology法律基础Fundamentals of Law法学概论An Introduction to Science of Law法学基础Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Translation反不正当经济法Anti-malfeasance Economic Law泛读Extensive Reading泛函分析Functional Analysis泛函分析Functional Analysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Construction房屋建筑学课程设计Course Design of House Architecture仿真与辅助设计Simulation & Computer Aided Design放射生物学Radiation Biology放射学Radiology非电量测量Non-Electricity Measurement非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统Non-Linear Sampling System非线性方程组的数值解法Numerical Methods for No-linear System s of Equations非线性光学Nonlinear Optics非线性规划Non-Linear Programming非线性控制理论Non-Linear Control Theory非线性双曲型守恒律解的存在性The Existence of Solutions for Non -linear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws非线性物理导论Introduction to Nonlinear Physics非线性振荡Non-Linear Oscillation非线性振动Nonlinear Vibration废水处理工程Technology of Wastewater Treatment废水处理与回用Sewage Disposal and Re-use沸腾燃烧Boiling Combustion分布式计算机系统Distributed Computer System / Distributed System分布式系统与分布式处理Distributed Systems and Distributed Processing分离科学Separation Science分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学Analytic Mechanics分析生物化学Analytical Biochemistry分析生物化学Analytical Biochemistry分子病毒学Molecular Virology分子进化工程Engineering of Molecular Evolution分子生物学Molecular Biology分子生物学技术Protocols in Molecular Biology分子遗传学Molecular Genetics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation, Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-V ariant Movement Theory & Design of Fans风能利用Wind Power Utilization风险投资分析Analysis of Risk Investment服务业营销Service Industry Marketing辅助机械Aided Machine腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex V ariables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex V ariables & Integral Transformation 复合材料结构力学Structural Mechanics of Composite Material复合材料力学Compound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier OpticsG开头的课程概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process概率与统计Probability & Statistics钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢结构Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Reinforced Concrete Structure钢砼结构与砌体结构Reinforces Structure and Monsary Structure钢砼课程设计Reinforced Concrete Course Design钢砼设计Experiment of Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑基础Tall Building Foundation高层建筑基础设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑结构设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等发光分析Advanced Luminescence Analysis高等分析化学Advanced Analytical Chemistry高等工程力学Advanced Engineering Mechanics高等光学Advanced Optics高等环境微生物Advanced Environmental Microorganism高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等量子力学Advanced Quantum Mechanics高等生物化学Advanced Biochemistry高等数理方法Advanced Mathematical Method高等数学Advanced Mathematics高等数值分析Advanced Numeric Analysis高等土力学Advanced Soil Mechanics高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced Organic Chemistry高电压测试技术High-V oltage Test Technology高电压技术High-V oltage Technology高电压技术与设备High-V oltage Technology and Device高电压绝缘High-V oltage Insulation高电压实验High-V oltage Experiment高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子化学与物理Polymeric Chemistry and Physics高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experiment高级程序设计语言的设计与实现Advanced Programming Language's Design & Implementation高级管理信息系统Advanced Management Information Systems高级计算机体系结构Advanced Computer Architecture高级计算机网络Advanced Computer Networks高级计算机网络与集成技术Advanced Computer Networks and Integration Technology 高级经济计量Advanced Economic Metrology高级软件工程Advanced Software Engineering高级生化技术Advanced Biochemical Technique高级生物化学Advanced Biochemistry高级食品化学Advanced Food Chemistry高级视听Advanced V ideos高级数据库Advanced Database高级数理逻辑Advanced Numerical Logic高级水生生物学Advanced Aquatic Biology高级英语听说Advanced English Listening & Speaking高级植物生理生化Advanced Plant Physiology and Biochemistry高能密束焊High Energy-Dense Beam Welding高频电路High-Frequency Circuit高频电子技术High-Frequency Electronic Technology高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuit高维代数簇Algebraic V arieties of Higher Dimension高压测量技术High-V oltage Measurement Technology高压测试技术High-V oltage Testing Technology高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculation in High-V oltage Electronic Field 高压电工程High-V oltage Engineering高压电技术High-V oltage Technology高压电器High-V oltage Electrical Appliances高压绝缘High-V oltage Insulation高压实验High-V oltage Experimentation高压实验设备测量High-V oltage Experimentation Equipment Measurement 高压试验技术High-V oltage Experimentation Technology工厂电气设备Electric Equipment of Plants工厂供电Factory Electricity Supply工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials工程材料及热处理Engineering Material and Heat Treatment工程材料学Engineering Materials工程测量Engineering Surveying工程测量实习Engineering Measuring Practice工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程测试与信号处理Engineering Testing & Signal Processing工程地质Engineering Geology工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论Introduction to Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程数学Engineering Mathematics工程项目概预算Engineering Project Estimate & Budget工程项目评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimization Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业产品学Industrial Products工业电子学Industry Electronics工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术基础Basic Industrial Technology工业技术经济Industrial Technology Economics工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业美术设计Art Designing in Industry工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Administrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation工艺设计Technics Design工艺实习Technics Practice工艺原理与研究方法Principles & Research of Technics公差Common Difference公差测试实验Common Difference Testing Experiment公差技术测量Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系Public Relationship公共关系学Public Relations公司法Corporation Law公司组织与管理Organization and Management公司组织与管理Organization and Management of Corporate公文写作Document Writing功能材料原理与技术Principle and Technology of Functional Materials 功能高分子Functional Polymer功能性食品Function Foods古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature骨科医学Osteopathic Medicine固体磁性理论Theory of Magnetism in Solid固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体理论Solid State Theory固体物理Solid-State Physics故障诊断与容错技术Malfunction Diagnoses & Tolerance Technology关税Tariff管理概论Introduction to Management管理沟通Management Communication, Management Negotiation管理会计Managerial Accounting管理经济学Management Economics管理科学专题Management Science Special Subject管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统FOXBASE Management System of FOXBASE管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information System管理学Management Theory, Principles of Management管理学Principles of Management光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电检测与信号处理Optoelectronic Detection and Processing光电课程设计Photoelectric Course Exercise光电摄像技术Photoelectric Photographing Technique光电探测及信号处理Photoelectric Inspect & Signal Processing光电系统课程设计Photoelectric System Course Design光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光电信息计算机处理Computer Processing in Photoelectric Information 光电子技术Photoelectronic Technique光电子学与光电信息技术Optoelectronics and Optoelectronic Information Technology光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光接入网技术Technology of Light Access Network光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器基础Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学Fiber Optics光纤光学课程设计Course 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Management广告学Advertisement锅炉课程设计Boiler Combustion Course Designing锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange, Conduction & Intensification 锅炉原理Principles of Boiler国际财务管理International Finance国际财务管理International Financial Management国际会计International Accounting国际会计专题International Accounting Special Subject国际技术贸易International Technical Trade国际结算International Balance国际金融International Finance国际金融研究International Finance Research国际经济法International Economic Law国际经济合作International Economics Cooperation国际经济行情International Economics Quotation。
2016年物理学专业英语4
• Acceleration Time rate of velocity:Acceleration=change in velocity/time it takes for change.矢量 一个量它有大小和方向。例如：力，速度，
加速度，动量。标量 一个量它有大小但是没有方向。例如：质 量，体积和速率。矢 一个标有刻度的箭头去代表矢量。 • 速率 距离与所用时间比。速度 沿速度方向位移的变化率。它是 一个矢量。加速度 速度的变化率，加速度=速度的变化量/这段时间
• 最后,角动量守恒是基于各向同性空间,即属性相同的空间。在所有的方向。这 应该是理解的,
• 在这个意义上,旋转的一个封闭的系统作为一个整体而不影响其力学性能。
8-9段
• The laws of conservation are a powerful means of research. It is often extremely difficult to accurately solve equations of motion. In these cases, the laws of conservation permit us to obtain numerous important data on how mechanical phenomena proceed without having to solve equations of motion. The laws of conservation do not depend on the nature of the acting forces. This is why they can help us obtain much important information on the behavior of mechanical systems even when the forces are unknown. • 译文：守恒定律是一种强有力的研究手段。要准确地解决运动方 程通常来说是相当困难的。在这种情况下，不必解决运动方程， 守恒定律也能让我们在力学现象的发生过程中获取很多重要的数 据。守恒定律不依赖于作用力的性质。这就是为什么守恒定律能 够帮助我们在机械系统的行为中获得很多重要的信息，即使这种 力是未知的力。
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第一章 Our material world(物质世界) is composed of many substances distinguished(区别) by their chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties(特性). They are found in nature in various physical states(物理状态)---the familiar solid, liquid, and gas, along with(连同) the ionic "plasma "(等离子体) However, the apparent diversity(多样性) of kinds and forms of material is reduced by the knowledge that there are only a little over 100 distinct chemical elements(元素) and that the chemical and physical features of substances depend merely on the strength of force bonds(结合) between atoms. 我们的物质世界(物质世界)是由许多物质(以区别区别被其化工、机械、、电气性能(特性)。他们是在大自然中找到的材料在不同的物理状态(物理状态)——而且熟悉的固体、液体和气体,随着(连同)离子“等离子体”(等离子体)然而,明显的多样性(多样性)各类形式的资料将减少知识只有一个小超过100种特定的化学元素(元素),化学和物理特征的物质的力量仅仅看力债券(结合)之间的原子。 In turn(依次), the distinctions between the elements of nature arise from(起于) the number and arrangement of basic particles(基本粒子)—electrons(电子), protons(质子), and neutrons(中子). At both the atomic and nuclear levels, the structure of elements is determined by internal forces and energy(内力和内能). 1.1 FORCES AND ENERGY（力和能量）反过来(依次),区别自然元素(源自起于)电话号码和安排基本粒子)-electrons基本粒子(电子),质子((质子),和中子(中子)。在两个原子与核水平,结构是由元素的内力和能量(内力和内能)。11力量和能量(力和能量 * If the specific heat of iron is 0.45J/g·oC, how much energy is required to bring 0.5kg of iron from 0 oC to 100 oC? 如果的比热铁变形、0.45J / g·需要多少能量将铁0.5kg从0(oC)到100(oC)吗? * State the concept of temperature. What's the difference between the Celsius scale and Kelvin scale? 国家温度的概念。有何区别式温标摄氏度的规模和吗? * Give some examples of SI units? 1.6 SUMMARY（概要） * Associated with each basic type of force is an energy, which may be transformed to another form for practical use.The addition of thermal energy to a substance causes an increase in temperature, the measure of particle motion.Electromagnetic radiation arising from electrical devices, atoms or nuclei may be considered as composed of waves or of photons.Matter can be converted into energy and vice versa（反之亦然）; according to Einstein's formula E = mc2.The energy of nuclear fission is millions of times as large as that from chemical reactions.Energy is fundamental to all of man's endeavors and indeed to his survival. 举些例子SI单位简介(概要? 1.6)与相关各基本类型的力量是一种力量,它可以被转化为实际使用另一种形式的热能。增加对某种物质的温度升高引起了一场的方法、质点运动。电磁辐射引起原子或核设备、电子可以被看作是由波或是的光子。物质可以转化为能量,反之亦然(反之亦然);根据爱因斯坦的公式E = mc2。这些能量的核子分裂在内也远在数百万倍大能量从化学反应。我们的基本人的努力,也正是为了他的性命 第二章 原子与原子核 2.1 ATOMIC THEORY（原子理论） A complete understanding of the microscopic structure of matter (物质微观结构 ) and the exact nature of the forces acting (作用力的准确性质) is yet to (有待于) be realized. However, excellent models have been developed to predict behavior to an adequate degree of accuracy for most practical purposes. These models are descriptive (描述的) or mathematical often based on analogy (类推) with large-scale process, on experimental data (实验数据), or on advanced theory. 1. 对物质的微观结构和作用力的准确性质的完全认识仍有待于实现。然而，为了实际的用途，能足够精确地预知物质在微观世界行为的模型已经被研究出来。这些模型是描述性的或数学的，基于对大尺度过程的类推、实验数据或先进的理论。 The most elementary concept (元素概念) is that matter is composed of individual particles (单个粒子) – atoms – that retain their identity (同一性, 特性) as elements in ordinary physical and chemical interactions. Thus a collection of helium atoms (氦原子) that forms a gas has a total weight that is the sum of the weights of the individual atoms. Also, when two elements combine (结合) to form a compound (化合物) (e.g., if carbon atoms (碳原子) combine with oxygen atoms (氧原子) to form carbon monoxide molecules (一氧化碳分子)), the total weight of the new substance is the sum of the origin elements. 2. 公认的物质的概念是：物质是由单个粒子——原子组成，在普通的化学和物理反应中原子保持了元素的特性。因此，因此一团由氦原子组成的气体的重量就是其中每一个原子重量的总和。同样，当两种元素结合成化合物时（例如：碳原子与氧原子结合成一氧化碳分子。），新物质的总重量是原先的元素的质量之和。 There are more than l00 known elements. Each is given an atomic number (原子序数) in the periodic table of the elements (元素周期表)– examples are hydrogen (H) l, helium (He) 2, oxygen (O) 8, and uranium (U) 92. The symbol Z is given to the atomic number, which is also the number of electrons in the atom and determines its chemical properties (性质). The atomic weight (原子质量) M is the weight in grams of a definite (明确的) number of atoms, 6.02 1023 , which is Avogadro’s number (阿佛伽德罗常数), Na. 3. 有超过100种的已知元素。每种元素在元素周期表中都有一个给定的原子序数。例如氢（H）1，氦（He）2，氧（O）8以及铀（U）92。符号Z表示原子序数，这也正是决定着原子化学性质的原子中电子的数目。 4. 原子量M（单位：克）是6.02 1023个原子的质量之和。6.02 1023就是阿佛伽德罗常数，用Na来表示。 We can easily find the number of atoms per cubic centimeter (每立方厘米) in a substance if its density in grams per cubic centimeter is known. This procedure (程序, 手续) can be expressed as a convenient (便利的) formula for finding N, the number per cubic centimeter for any material