Measurement of Liquid Nitrogen in a Liquid Oxygen Feed Line During Rocket Engine Testing
大连海事大题库
大连海事大题库[1]______, as the chemical extinguisher agent, should be used for an electric fire.A. dry chemical or foamB. foam or soda acidC. carbon dioxide or foamD. carbon dioxide or dry chemicalKEY: D二氧化碳或干粉灭火器作为化学灭火器，用于扑灭电器火灾。
[2]______: A room on or near the bridge provided with the necessary fittings and furniture for the handling and stowage of charts and where the chronometers are placed.A.Captain‟s cabinB. Chief Officer‟s lockerC. ChartroomD. Pilot‟s cabinKEY: C在驾驶台或附近提供必要的装卸设备或用具和海图的存放和天文钟布置的房间叫做海图室。
[3]______:The main center-line structural member, running fore and aft along the bottom of a ship, sometimes referred to as the backbone.A.FrameB. DeckbeamC. StringerD. KeelKEY: D在船舶底部沿首尾向铺设有时提及当做主骨架的主要首尾结构是龙骨。
[4]______:the vertical distance measured on the vessel‟s side amidships from the load water line to the upper side of the freeboard deck or a point corresponding to it.A.BuoyancyB. FreeboardC. DraftD. DisplacementKEY: B船中部从载重水线垂直测量到干舷甲板上边缘或相应的点的距离叫干舷。
半导体FAB里基本的常识简介
CVD晶圆制造厂非常昂贵的原因之一，是需要一个无尘室，为何需要无尘室答：由于微小的粒子就能引起电子组件与电路的缺陷何谓半导体?答：半导体材料的电传特性介于良导体如金属(铜、铝，以及钨等)和绝缘和橡胶、塑料与干木头之间。
最常用的半导体材料是硅及锗。
半导体最重要的性质之一就是能够藉由一种叫做掺杂的步骤刻意加入某种杂质并应用电场来控制其之导电性。
常用的半导体材料为何答：硅(Si)、锗(Ge)和砷化家(AsGa)何谓VLSI答：VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration)超大规模集成电路在半导体工业中，作为绝缘层材料通常称什幺答：介电质(Dielectric)薄膜区机台主要的功能为何答：沉积介电质层及金属层何谓CVD(Chemical Vapor Dep.)答：CVD是一种利用气态的化学源材料在晶圆表面产生化学沉积的制程CVD分那几种?答：PE-CVD(电浆增强型)及Thermal-CVD(热耦式)为什幺要用铝铜(AlCu)合金作导线?答：良好的导体仅次于铜介电材料的作用为何?答：做为金属层之间的隔离何谓PMD(Pre-Metal Dielectric)答：称为金属沉积前的介电质层，其界于多晶硅与第一个金属层的介电质何谓IMD(Inter-Metal Dielectric)答：金属层间介电质层。
何谓USG?答：未掺杂的硅玻璃(Undoped Silicate Glass)何谓FSG?答：掺杂氟的硅玻璃(Fluorinated Silicate Glass)何谓BPSG?答：掺杂硼磷的硅玻璃(Borophosphosilicate glass)何谓TEOS?答：Tetraethoxysilane用途为沉积二氧化硅TEOS在常温时是以何种形态存在?答：液体二氧化硅其K值为3.9表示何义答：表示二氧化硅的介电质常数为真空的3.9倍氟在CVD的工艺上，有何应用答：作为清洁反应室(Chamber)用之化学气体简述Endpoint detector之作用原理.答：clean制程时,利用生成物或反应物浓度的变化,因其特定波长光线被detector 侦测到强度变强或变弱,当超过某一设定强度时,即定义制程结束而该点为endpoint.机台使用的管件材料主要有那些?答：有不锈钢制(Stainless Steal),黄铜制(Brass),塑胶制(PVC),特氟隆制(Teflon)四种.机器维修时要放置停机维修告示牌目的为何?答：告知所有的人勿操作机台，避免危险机台维修至少两人配合，有何目的?答：帮忙拆卸重物，并随时警戒可能的意外发生更换过任何气体管路上的零件之后，一定要做何动作?答：用氦气测漏机来做测漏维修尚未降至室温之反应室(Chamber)，应配带何种手套答：石棉材质之防热手套并宜在80摄式度下始可动作何为真空(Vacuum)?半导体业常用真空单位是什幺?答：半导体业通常用Torr作为真空的压力单位,一大气压相当760Torr,低于760Torr压力的环境称为真空.真空Pump的作用？答：降低反应室(Chamber)内的气体密度和压力何谓内部连锁(Interlock)答：机台上interlock有些属于保护操作人员的安全,有些属于水电气等规格讯号,用以保护机台.机台设定许多interlock有何作用?答：机台上interlock主要避免人员操作错误及防止不相关人员动作.Wafer Scrubber的功能为何?答：移除芯片表面的污染粒子ETCH何谓蚀刻(Etch)?答：将形成在晶圆表面上的薄膜全部，或特定处所去除至必要厚度的制程。
高中英语阅读练习(附答案)
AThe key to getting any good-priced plane ticket is to reserve the flight early. Discount airlines tend to increase their fare as the plane fills up and early reservations are usually rewarded with the lowest fares. Most major domestic airlines offer discount tickets for off-peak travel. China Southen Airlines now provides favorable group purchase ticket deals to attract tourists to cities like Hong Kong and Guilin. Air China and Beijing Capital Airlines offer tickets with as much as 75 to 80 per cent discounts. Another way is to search for a cheap ticket on the websites of low-cost airlines, which offer you very low fares though less comfort. Now, Air Asia, Tiger Airways and Jetstar Asia are all offering very low -fare tickets to Chinese travelers.The bud get airline has a long history in the West. It’s also called a no-frills carrier for doing away with traditional free services, such as food and drinks. They charge you extra for catering on board, or securing a seat. Many budget airlines put a fee on chec ked in luggage, so it’s wiser to take hand luggage.The following are three popular airlines.Air Asia: The Malaysian-based airline flies from seven cities in China including Tianjin, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Guilin and Shenzhen in the Chinese mainland, and provides trips to cities such as Paris and London. It can transfer you to most South East Asian countries. Many tickets are priced under 1,500 yuan.Jetstar Asia Airways: It’s a low-cost airline headquartered in Singapore. Travelers can leave from airports in numerous cities including Beijing.Southwest Airlines: If you go traveling in the US you can take this low-cost airline based in Texas.How to find a cheap 5-star service hotel. Like airline tickets, the price for a budget hotel depends on when you book it - the earlier, the cheaper. It’s a great idea to look for YHA (Youth Hostels Association) backpackers, or Bed & Breakfast deals online.56．What can we do to buy cheap tickets EXCEPT _ .A．book the flight early B．choose off-peak travelC．search the websites of low-cost airlines D．wait until the plane fills up 57．What does the underlined part mean?A．a carrier with a long history B．a carrier without traditional free service C．a carrier with extra charge D．a carrier without any service 58．The three popular airline routes can' t take you to _ according to the passage．A．Asia B．America C．Africa D．Europe 59．What can you infer from the last parag7aph ?A．YHA is an association which can help you save money．B．The price for a hotel has nothing to do with the time you book it．C．A five-star service hotel must be always expensive．D．You have to book airline tickets and budget hotel at the same time．BLast week, my granddaughter started kindergarten, and I wished her every success．But part of me didn't．I actually wanted her to fail in some ways because I believe that failure can be good for our learning process Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time -which can often be a problematic victory．First-time success is often a fluke（侥幸）．First-time failure, by contrast, is expected itis the natural order of things．Failure is how we learn．In Africa they describe a good cook as "She who has broken．many pots"．It you’ve spent enough time in the kitchen to break a lot of pots, you probably know a lot about cooking．I once had dinner with a group of cooks, and they spent time comparing knife wounds and burn scars. They knew how much credibility their failures gave them．I earn my living by writing a daily newspaper column．Each week I aw aware of that one column I write will be my worst．I don't set out to write it．I try my best every day．I have teamed to cherish that column．A good column usually means that I am discussing my familiar topic, writing m a style I am used to or saying the same things as anyone else but in a fancy way．My younger daughter is a trapeze artist．She spent three years pulling together a show, and she did it successfully for years．There was no reason for her to change it-- but she did anyway．She said she was no longer learning anything new and she ;was bored．And if she was bored, there was no point in subjecting her body to all that stress．She risked failure and public embarrassment in order to feed her soul．My granddaughter is a perfectionist．She will fee! her failures, and I will want to comfort her．But I will also, I hope, remind her of what she learned, and how she can do better next time．I hope I can tell her, though, that it's not the end of the world．Indeed, with luck, it is just the beginning．60．Why did the author want his granddaughter to fail?A．Success is boring though beneficial．B．She would learn more from failure．C．It’s impossible to do everything successfully．D．He wanted her to be strong enough to face hardships．61．What’s the author's attitude toward his daughter changing her show?A．Negative B．Worried．C．Positive．．D．Excited．62．The author develops the article mainly by____ ．A．giving examples B, following the time orderC．comparing different opinions D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects63．The writer talked about his own experience to show that ．A．we cannot depend on luck to live a good lifeB．we should try every possible way to avoid failureC．past failures made him dare not take risks in writingD．the thought of failure will make you work even harder ,CAn ambitious billionaire has revealed his plans to colonize Mars - and charge 80,000 brave souls $500,000 to be flown there．Elon Musk, the billionaire founder and CEO of the private spaceflight company Space X, has announced his vision for life on the Red Planet．He says the settlement plan would start small, with a pioneering group of fewer than 10 people, who he would take there on a reusable rocket powered by liquid oxygen and methane．Musk, already the first private space entrepreneur to launch a successful mission to the International Space Station, says what would begin by first sending fewer than 10 people could blossom "into something really big”．“At Mars, you can start a self-sustaining civilization and make it into something really big," he told the RoyalAeronautical Society in London last week．Laying out precise details and figures to his "difficult" but "possible" plans, the space pioneer says the first ferry of explorers would be no more than 10 people at a price tag of $500,000（￡312,110）Per ticket．“The ticket price needs to be low enough that most people in advanced countries, in their mid-forties or something like that could put together enough money to make the trip," he said．Rather than lounging around on an interplanetary vacation, the passengers would be sent to work, carrying with them equipment to build sustainable housing on the dusty and currently barren soil for future generations．Immediate ground work would focus on building transparent domes pressurized with CO2 while possibly covered in a layer of water to serve as protection from the sun．With the CO2, Mars' soil would be capable of growing crops for food, he said．Additional equipment carried over could also produce fertilizer, methane and oxygen using the atmosphere's natural elements of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and its surface of ice water．Musk believes one person out of every 100,000 people would be interested in making the journey with 8 billion expected on Earth by time his plans become reality．64．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs?A．Musk has sent fewer than ten people to Mars．B．These people would go to Mars with plenty of liquid oxygen to breathe．C．A reusable rocket is used to take the people to Mars．D．Musk is the only private entrepreneur to launch a successful mission．65．What does the underlined word "blossom" mean in the passage?A．develop B．show C．produce D．burst 66．The passengers would do the following things on Mars EXCEPT .A．build sustainable housing B．build transparent domesC．bang out on holiday D．use equipment to do something 67．Musk thinks ．A．no one likes to make the journey because of the large sum of moneyB．8 billion new lives will be on the earth after his plans come trueC．the price now is too high for most people to affordD．his plans are so difficult that it is impossible to realizeDEach year, Americans throw away millions of tones of electronic devices．That means business is good for a small electronics recycler in Chantilly, Virginia．Company President Jeremy Faber established PC Recycler．There workers were busy taking apart televisions, cell phones and computers-anything electronic．“Electronics recycling is the fastest growing waste stream in the United States right now．” Jeremy says．Recycling electronic waste is not a single job．Newer devices can be rebuilt and resold．Breaking down electronics into small parts to melt and purify is another part．Operations Manager Andrew Portare says, “Boards have the highest value in them so you can actually see on the back you're looking at different types of metals．Some of the older ones are mainly all gold．"Gold new sells for more than one thousand three hundred dollars an ounce．Twenty-five percent of PC Recycler's sales come from selling parts to refiners．Refining companies pay more than ten dollars a kilogram for computer boards, PC Recyclercan also lift profits by holding metal-rich parts until prices rise．"If copper's up one day, we can ship all of our copper extract and capitalize on the market．" Andrew says．Computers also hold private or secret information．And securing that data is the fastest growing part of the recycling business．Completely removing data from a computer hard drive is not easy．PC Recycler can remove data magnetically or completely destroy and recycle the drives．PC Recycler supports the Basel Action Network, which seeks to limit harmful waste and technology．The company says it does not export electronics to China, India or Africa where environmental rules are weak．PC Recycler has been in business since 2003, expanding from waste management to other, more technical services．"There really aren't a lot of industries out there that are like this, There's either the scrap industry where they're shredding cars and shredding tires rind there's the refurbished PC market and we’re sort of sit right in between both of those．" Jeremy says．68．How do workers in PC Recycler make the best of computer boards?A．By storing the boards until prices rise．'B．By selling the boards to the refiners．C．By taking away metals from the boards．D．By rebuilding the boards into better ones．69．What does Jeremy think of the business of recycling electronic waste?A．He thinks it should be treated as a single job．B．He thinks it's very difficult to earn profit in it．C．He thinks it will attract more investors in it．D．He thinks it can improve the world's economy．70．If workers in PC Recycler want to recycle the hard drive, they should _ ．A．remove the data on it B．make it look newerC．melt some bad parts D．limit harmful waste71．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A．The trouble PC Recycler met in recycling wasteB．PC Recycler's finding gold in old computer chipsC．A complete new way of protecting environmentD．A new technology of recycling electronic devicesEIt is reported that six Chinese ships have entered waters near islands claimed by both China and Japan．China said the ships were carrying out "law enforcement" to demonstrate its jurisdiction （管辖权）over the islands, known as Diaoyu in China and Senkaku in Japan．At least two of the ships left after the Japanese coast guard issued a warning, Japanese officials say．The action came after Japan sealed a deal to buy three of the islands from their private Japanese owner．Japan controls the uninhabited but resource-rich East China Sea islands, which are also claimed by Taiwan．The Japanese Coast Guard said the first two Chinese boats entered Japan's territorial waters at 06:18 local time, followed by another fleet of four other ships just after 07:00．The first two ships then left the area A third ship left later on Friday morning, one report said．No force was used, Japanese officials added．"Our patrol（巡逻）ships are currently telling them to leave our country’s territorial waters," the coastguard said in a statement．The Chinese foreign ministry confirmed that its ships were there．"These Jaw enforcement and patrol activities are aimed to demonstrate China's jurisdiction over the Diaoyu Islands and ensure the country's maritime interests," a statement said．The US has called for "cooler heads to be accepted" as tension "worsens between China and Japan over the islands．US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta is going to visit both Japan and China from this weekend as part of a tour of the region．The dispute has seriously damaged diplomatic relations between China and Japan and threatens to damage the strong trading relationship, says the BBC's John Sudworth in Beijing．The dispute has also caused strong nationalist emotions on both sides that makes it very difficult to be seen to be backing down, says our reporter．The Japanese government says it is buying the islands to promote their stable and peaceful management．China on the other hand, says the islands have historically been its territory and fishing grounds．Meanwhile Japan's newly-appointed ambassador to-China, Shinichi Nishimiya, remains in hospital in Tokyo．He was appointed on Tuesday to replace Uichiro Niwa, who has been criticized for his dealing with the worst diplomatic dispute between Japan and China in recent years．72．The Diaoyu Islands are actually inhabited by ．A．Japan B．China C．Taiwan D．Nobody 73．Which of the following is true?A．Japan fired at the 6 Chinese ships to warn them to leave the waters．B．China admitted that the 6 ships had been forced to leave the waters．C．The US called on both sides to calm down．D．Shinichi Nishimiya was unconscious in the hospital because somebody attacked him．74．Why was Uichiro Niwa replaced?A．He isn't iron enough in dealing with the diplomatic disputes between Japan and China．B．He didn't do well in dealing with the diplomatic dispute about the Diaoyu Islands．C．His health condition is not good enough to work there．D．He criticized the Chinese government publicly in an improper way．75．This news report is most likely to be selected from the_____ newspaper．A．British B．Chinese C．Japanese D．American答案：56-59：DBCA 60-63：BCAD 64-67：CACC 68-71：CCAB 72-75：DCBA。
API 2350石油设施储罐过量充装的防护
API 2350石油设施储罐过量充装的防护前言本标准是根据美国石油学会标准API RP 2350《石油设施储罐过量充装的防护》编写的。
在技术内容上与之等效。
国内石油企事业单位可以根据具体条件参照使用。
本标准对API RP 2350的所有数据、单位和公式均按我国法定计量单位进行了换算，同时在其后的括号内保留了原来的数值和单位，使用者可以根据实际需要进行选用。
本标准的附录A、附录B、附录C都是提示的附录。
本标准由石油工业安全专业标准化技术委员会提出并归口。
本标准起草单位:长庆石油勘探局技术监测中心。
本标准主要起草人:李海石、徐峰、龚振鹏1 概论1.1 导言石油设施储罐过量充装防护与安全和环境有密切关系。
石油储存设施的安全作业取决于是否按所准备装载的储罐额定容量进行充装。
通过下述措施可能大大降低储罐过量充装:制定和履行切实可行的、对于储存设施的安全作业程序，精心选择和使用设备，制定维护方案和培训雇员。
在提供储罐过量充装防护时，目的在于使可能导致环境和安全风险、油品损失、储罐和相邻区域的破坏降低到最小程度。
因为危险液位和潜在损失随异位而异，为了满足设施过量充装防护程序的要求，在所选方案中应使用适应性较强的方案。
程序应包括培训人员的使用、安全操作规程与技术。
考虑到完整性的需要，本标准包括了成功地用于过量充装防护的手动程序及自动系统。
1.2 范围1.2.1 适用范围本标准的范围仅限于这样的石油设施，它具有接收来自输油主干线或海洋油船的?级液体的地面储罐。
本标准不适用于以下情况:a)容量小于2268L(600gal)的地面储罐;b)接收或装有?级或?级液体的、容量超过2268L(600gal)的地面储罐;c)盛装不可燃液体或非石油类产品的地面储罐;d)装有不是从输油干线或海洋油船而来的?级液体的地面储罐(例如，从储罐车、火车储罐，从其他罐群、设施工艺装置、专用管线和原油生产设施输送的);e)地下储罐。
1.2.2 本标准与NEPA 30的关系本标准根据NEPA 30—1993的2-10编写，包括它的以下要求。
高级仪表工试题
一、填空题：1.测蒸汽流量时，挡板变形会导致指示__________，正压侧有气体会导致指示__________。
答案：偏低偏低2.氧化锆探头信号偏高，则测量结果__________。
答案：偏低3.流量系数C的定义是：调节阀全开，阀前后差压为__________，流体重度为___________时，每__________,所通过的流体__________数。
答案：100KPa 1gf/cm3 小时立方米4.仪表位号LICA是指____________________。
答案：液位指示调节报警5.本质安全型仪表的特点是仪表在正常状态下和故障状态下，电路、系统产生的火花和达到的温度都不会引起______________发生爆炸。
答案：爆炸性混合物6.试电笔用于区分直流电和交流电时，氖气管两极都发光的是__________，氖气管一极发光的是__________。
答案：交流电直流电7.理想的调节过程衰减比为__________。
答案：4:18.测量一个电路的电流，电流表必须和这个电路__________，为了使电流表的接入不影响电路的原始状态，电流表本身的内阻抗应尽量__________。
答案：串联小9.调节阀按其能源形式可分为____________、____________、____________三种。
答案：气动调节阀电动调节阀液动调节阀10.最大偏差是指被调参数在过渡过程中偏离___________的最大幅度。
答案：给定值11.测量腐蚀性介质压力时，为了防止腐蚀要加__________。
答案：隔离罐12.一台正作用气动调节器，控制点调整在60kPa，现将积分阀关死，若比例度放在50％处，当测量值为50kPa时，给定值为60KPa，输出值为35kPa，其比例度误差是__________。
答案：10％13.用电子电位差计作为测温仪表，当热偶热电温度稳定时，补偿导线的长度对测量________影响。
答案：无14.定值调节系统是按__________________进行调节的，是__________环调节。
半导体FAB里基本的常识简介-精华版
1.晶圆制造厂非常昂贵的原因之一，是需要一个无尘室，为何需要无尘室答：由于微小的粒子就能引起电子组件与电路的缺陷2.何谓半导体?答：半导体材料的电传特性介于良导体如金属(铜、铝，以及钨等)和绝缘和橡胶、塑料与干木头之间。
最常用的半导体材料是硅及锗。
半导体最重要的性质之一就是能够藉由一种叫做掺杂的步骤刻意加入某种杂质并应用电场来控制其之导电性。
3.常用的半导体材料为何？答：硅(Si)、锗(Ge)和砷化镓(AsGa)4.何谓VLSI？答：VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration)超大规模集成电路5.在半导体工业中，作为绝缘层材料通常称什么？答：介电质(Dielectric).6.薄膜区机台主要的功能为何？答：沉积介电质层及金属层7.何谓CVD(Chemical Vapor Dep.)答：CVD是一种利用气态的化学源材料在晶圆表面产生化学沉积的制程8.CVD分那几种?答：PE-CVD(电浆增强型)及Thermal-CVD(热耦式)9.为什么要用铝铜(Al-Cu)合金作导线?答：良好的导体仅次于铜10.介电材料的作用为何?答：做为金属层之间的隔离11.何谓PMD(Pre-Metal Dielectric)答：称为金属沉积前的介电质层，其界于多晶硅与第一个金属层的介电质12.何谓IMD(Inter-Metal Dielectric)答：金属层间介电质层。
13.何谓USG?答：未掺杂的硅玻璃(Undoped Silicate Glass)14.何谓FSG?答：掺杂氟的硅玻璃(Fluorinated Silicate Glass)15.何谓BPSG?答：掺杂硼磷的硅玻璃(Boro phospho silicate glass)16.何谓TEOS?答：Tetra-ethoxy-silane四乙氧基硅烷, 正硅酸四乙酯, 用途为沉积二氧化硅17.TEOS在常温时是以何种形态存在?答：液体18.二氧化硅其K值为3.9表示何义答：表示二氧化硅的介电质常数为真空的3.9倍19.氟在CVD的工艺上，有何应用答：作为清洁反应室(Chamber)用之化学气体20.简述Endpoint detector之作用原理答：clean制程时,利用生成物或反应物浓度的变化,因其特定波长光线被detector 侦测到强度变强或变弱,当超过某一设定强度时,即定义制程结束而该点为endpoint.21.机台使用的管件材料主要有那些?答：有不锈钢制(Stainless Steal),黄铜制(Brass),塑胶制(PVC),特氟隆制(Teflon)四种. 22.机器维修时要放置停机维修告示牌目的为何?答：告知所有的人勿操作机台，避免危险23.机台维修至少两人配合，有何目的?答：帮忙拆卸重物，并随时警戒可能的意外发生24.更换过任何气体管路上的零件之后，一定要做何动作?答：用氦气测漏机来做测漏.25.维修尚未降至室温之反应室(Chamber)，应配带何种手套答：石棉材质之防热手套并宜在80摄式度下始可动作26.何为真空(Vacuum)?半导体业常用真空单位是什么?答：半导体业通常用Torr作为真空的压力单位,一大气压相当760T orr,低于760Torr压力的环境称为真空.27.真空Pump的作用？答：降低反应室(Chamber)内的气体密度和压力28.何谓内部连锁(Interlock)答：机台上interlock有些属于保护操作人员的安全,有些属于水电气等规格讯号,用以保护机台.29.机台设定许多interlock有何作用?答：机台上interlock主要避免人员操作错误及防止不相关人员动作.30.Wafer Scrubber的功能为何?答：移除芯片表面的污染粒子,Scrubber(Wafer clean)机台是水清洗wafer表面，去除wafer表面外来的微尘颗粒(particle).31.何谓蚀刻(Etch)?答：将形成在晶圆表面上的薄膜全部，或特定处所去除至必要厚度的制程。
海洋油气操作工(中级)职业技能考试题库
海洋油气操作工（中级）职业技能考试题库一、单选题1.安装()可以解决易凝固、易结晶、腐蚀性强、含有悬浮物介质的液位测量问题。
()A、双法兰液位计B、单法兰液位计C、玻璃管液位计D、差压液位计标准答案：A2.用单法兰液位计测量开口容器液位,液位已调试好,后因维修需要仪表安装位置下移了一段距离,则仪表指示()。
()A、上升B、下降C、不变D、为零标准答案：A3.分馏塔的操作压力是由()决定的。
()A、塔顶产品在冷凝温度下的蒸汽压B、塔底产品在冷凝温度下的蒸汽压C、塔顶产品在塔底温度下的蒸汽压D、塔底产品在塔底温度下的蒸汽压标准答案：A4.在冬季气井巡检过程中,若发现井口油压升高,油温降低,计量发现产气量明显减少,可能原因为()。
()A、井筒积液B、油嘴冰堵C、背压降低D、产水减少标准答案：B5.产品储存及装车系统包含产品储罐、装车泵、装车鹤管及()等设备。
()A、液位调节阀B、压力调节阀C、温度调节阀D、自动切断阀标准答案：D6.井下安全阀应该()检验一次。
()A、1年B、2年C、3年D、5年标准答案：A7.在中控OISS站上不能旁通以下()信号。
()A、一级关断B、二级关断C、三级关断D、单点火焰探头标准答案：A8.压力表盘刻度极限值应当为压力容器最大允许工作压力的()倍。
()A、1~1.5B、1.2~1.5C、1.5~3D、2~3标准答案：C9.在清管器装入发球筒前,下列准备工作中描述错误的是()。
()A、发球筒密封性检查B、仪表附件检查C、发球筒充氮惰化D、打开发球筒隔离球阀标准答案：D10.用电容式液位计测量非导电介质的液位时,电容传感器使用与它绝缘的(),作为外电极,外电极开有孔和槽,内外电极靠绝缘材料进行固定。
()A、中间电极B、中间绝缘体C、同轴金属圆筒D、同轴非金属圆筒标准答案：C11.取样袋上标注内容不包括()。
()A、取样点B、取样时间C、取样介质D、取样压力标准答案：D12.浮筒式液位计垂直度要求不允许超过()mm。
安全阀样本--HTO-HTB-HTOA-HTBA样本
4
目 录 Contents
简
介
性 能、特 点
型号编制
结
构
材
料
新版CQI-9第四版过程表H
3.4
代替SAT和TUS，应在预生产试验期间使用代表工作区域的多个热电偶确定温度范围，并通过性能测量进行确认，
并记录在每个零件的控制计划中。
3.5
工艺温度应使用热电偶控制，每个批次的负载应尽可能地代表负载的极限（最低和最高温度），记录仪器可证明。
用于温度监测的非接触式测温装置（如红外高温计、热成像摄像机）应每年至少在使用黑体炉装置的温度范围内或
3.2
按照制造商建议的程序进行校准。
过程监控参数
1.4 2.11
在开始循环之前，要求容器排空至75微米汞柱或以下 每批
要求/频率
OK / NOK / NA
1.4 2.14
监控主控温度
连续记录，报警系统按照控制计划的限值设置。在没有报警 系统的情况下，每2小时或每批2小时以下的工序应签核一次
1.4 2.14 监控容器真空和压力控制 3.7
1.4 2.14
验证工艺气体混合物设置
1.4 2.14
监控每炉时间，循环时间
1.4 2.14
监控装载大小和工装（如适用）
连续记录，报警系统按照控制计划的限值设置。在没有报警 系统的情况下，每2小时或每批2小时以下的工序应签核一次
每批 每批 每批
4.0 H4.1 H4.2 H4.3 H4.4 H4.5 5.0 H5.1
过程表H-离子渗氮
下列要求均从属于顾客特殊要求。 客户可能会有额外的要求，比如检验测试，增加频率等等。在执行作业审核的时候，审核员应验证热处理工厂是否符合顾客的要求。 请注意，相应的气体渗氮工艺见过程表“B”，等离子离子渗氮过程表“H”。 OK - 符合要求 NOK - 不符合要求（不符合解释见：HTSA相关问题号） NA - 要求不适用
《大气污染控制工程》(郝吉明版)课后习题及答案 ：Unlock-1
作业习题第一章概论1.1干结空气中N 2、O 2、Ar 和CO 2气体所占的质量百分数是多少？1.2根据我国的《环境空气质量标准》的二级标准，求出SO 2、NO 2、CO 三种污染物日平均浓度限值的体积分数。
1.3CCl 4气体与空气混合成体积分数为1.50×10－4的混合气体，在管道中流动的流量为10m 3N 、/s ，试确定：1）CCl 4在混合气体中的质量浓度（g/m 3N ）和摩尔浓度c （mol/m 3N ）；ρ2）每天流经管道的CCl 4质量是多少千克？1.4成人每次吸入的空气量平均为500cm 3，假若每分钟呼吸15次，空气中颗粒物的浓度为200/m 3，试计算每小时沉积于肺泡内的颗粒物质量。
已知该颗粒物在肺泡中的沉降系数g µ为0.12。
1.5设人体肺中的气体含CO 为2.2×10－4，平均含氧量为19.5%。
如果这种浓度保持不变，求COHb 浓度最终将达到饱和水平的百分率。
1.6设人体内有4800mL 血液，每100mL 血液中含20mL 氧。
从事重体力劳动的人的呼吸量为4.2L/min ，受污染空气中所含CO 的浓度为10－4。
如果血液中CO 水平最初为：1）0%；2）2%，计算血液达到7%的CO 饱和度需要多少分钟。
设吸入肺中的CO 全被血液吸收。
1.7粉尘密度1400kg/m 3，平均粒径1.4，在大气中的浓度为0.2mg/m 3，对光的折射率为m µ2.2，计算大气的最大能见度。
Chapter 11．On May 18,1980,Mount Saint Helens in Washington ejected into the atmosphere anestimated 540million tons of ash.a.How does that compare with the emissions of from human activities for 199110PM shown in Table 1.1?b.Is it reasonable to make this comparison?Why or why not?Table 1.1National emissions estimates for 1991(tons/yr)Source category10PM XSO COXNO VOCsPbTransportation 1.510.9943.497.265.080.001622．The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter (PM,annual10average)is 50.Every time you breathe,you take in about 1liter(1quart)of air .3/g m m »a.Assuming the the air contains 50of particulate mater,how many grams of3/g m m particulate matter do you take in with every breath?b.Assuming that all the particles are spheres with a diameter of 0.5,how many particles m do you take in with every breath?c.If you are an industry representative,which of these numbers will you cite?If you represent an environmental organization,which will you cite?3．The NAAQS for sulfur sulfurdioxidedioxide (annual average)is 80.Every time you breathe,3/g m m you take in about 1liter literof of air.Assume the air is exactly at the NAAQS for 2SO a.Whit every breath,how many grams of do you take in?2SO b.How many molecules of do you take in?A gram of =molecules.2SO 2SO 219.410´4．If an automobile uses 1gallon of fuel for each 25miles traveled,if the fuel density is 6lb/gal,and if the hydrocarbon (unburned gasoline)emission standard for autos is 0.41g/mile(in the exhaust gas)(Federal Standard for 1981and later automobiles)and the emissions equal this standard,what fraction of the fuel fed to the car is emitted (unburned)in the exhaust gas?Fuel combustion 1.1016.55 4.6710.590.670.00045Industrial processes 1.84 3.16 4.690.607.860.00221Solid waste disposal 0.260.02 2.060.100.690.00069Miscellaneous 0.730.017.180.21 2.590.00000Total5.4420.7362.0918.7616.890.00497Percentage of 1982total97%101%69%92%87%9.5%作业习题解答第一章概论1.1解：按1mol 干空气计算，空气中各组分摩尔比即体积比，故n N2=0.781mol ，n O2=0.209mol ，n Ar =0.00934mol ，n CO2=0.00033mol 。
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American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1Measurement of Liquid Nitrogen in a Liquid Oxygen Feed Line During Rocket Engine Testing
Vidhu S.Tiwari,* Rajamohan R. Kalluru,† Fang-Yu Yueh,‡ and Jagdish P Singh§ Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory Mississippi State University 205 Research Boulevard Starkville, MS 39759-7704
The work is motivated by a specific need of NASA/SSC for long-term detection and monitoring of the quality of liquid oxygen (LOX) in the delivery line during the testing of rocket engine. A Spontaneous Raman Scattering (SRS) optical fiber sensor is developed in the laboratory and tested with different excitation light sources. The study of the sensor performance shows that this sensor offers a great deal of flexibility and provides a cost effective solution for monitoring the quality as well as quantity of cryogenic fluids in harsh envioronment.
I. Introduction The environment within a rocket engine is particularly severe with very high temperatures and pressures along with extremely rapid fluid and gas flows.1 The escalating use of liquid phase compounds like oxygen, hydrogen, etc., as cryogenic fuels and their quality monitoring led to the development of a variety of sensor systems. Apart from quality control, sensors are required for quantitative determination of constituent species in a sample mixture, especially in aircraft fuel tanks where a disproportionate concentration of one sample against another can lead to an explosion.2 Fuel vapors mixed with air containing a high level of oxygen are extremely flammable and raise serious questions on the survivability of aircraft. Implementation of sensors is not only restricted to realizing ignition susceptibility but also in monitoring the health of rocket engine, especially where an optimum level of cryogenic fuel purity is highly desirable. Several types of sensors like electronic sensors-capacitance based, electrochemical sensors, etc., are commercially available but loose their relevance in the supercritical environment of rockets and aircraft, where high temperature and pressure severely inhibits their optimal performance.3-5 Application of fiber optic technology to rocket engine health monitoring offers an alternative approach towards realizing various parameters of interest and addresses several measurement issues associated with extremely harsh environments, as mentioned above. Today, optical fiber sensing technology has evolved to the point where one can measure nearly all the physical parameters of interest and a very large number of chemical species as well.6
This paper reports an all-optical cryogenic fluid sensor based on Raman spectroscopy for concentration ratio monitoring of liquid oxygen (LOX) and/or liquid nitrogen (LN2). The present work is motivated by a specific need of NASA/SSC for long-term detection and monitoring of the quality of liquid oxygen (LOX) in the delivery line during the testing of rocket engines.7 An attractive design feature of a fiber optic sensor lies in real time, in-situ qualitative as well as quantitative determination of liquid oxygen (LOX) and/or liquid nitrogen (LN2) from their mixture sample on the basis of spectrum analysis for various sample compositions. Prior to this study, efforts have been made to develop a gas sensor for monitoring gaseous phase mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen.8 Online characterization of cryogenic fluid mixtures like liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, by optical diagnostics, is an area that has not yet been explored to the best of our knowledge. Various issues involved in monitoring super critical fluid mixtures, like sample vaporization/condensation, system optimization, signal/noise ratio and other safety parameters, have been well addressed and provide a novel vision for encountering challenges involved in processing/controlling cryogenic fuels.
* Graduate Student, Physics Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
† Post Doc Fellow, Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville,
MS 39759 ‡ Research Scientist, Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville,
MS 39759 § Research Professor, Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville,
MS 39759, AIAA Member
35th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit6 - 9 June 2005, Toronto, Ontario Canada