五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练：专题13 文娱与体育
五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题13 文娱与体育＂文娱与体育＂是高中英语新课标话题之一，亦是高考常考话题，历年高考英语都可觅其踪迹。
本话题包括影视剧、体育活动和比赛、锻炼等方面。
通过该话题的学习和考查，可以让学生初步了解电影电视剧作、重视体育锻炼、了解国内外重大体育赛事等，促进他们的爱国热情。
在近几年的高考英语当中，该话题常以听力、阅读理解、书面表达等形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷III书面表达，2016年全国卷III完形填空，2016年天津卷完形填空，2016年四川卷阅读理解A篇，2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇，2015年全国卷Ⅱ七选五及完形填空；2015年北京卷书面表达，2014年大纲卷阅读理解E篇，2014年江西卷阅读理解A篇等。
Passage 1（2018年·北京卷）My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either we ll. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the author’s first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。
讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
36.C 细节理解题。
根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。
故选C。
37.C 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。
故选C。
39.B 主旨大意题。
通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to bemyself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myselfa ＂marathon winner＂. 可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。
故选B。
【名师点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。
命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。
文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。
（2）语言转述型。
（3）语意理解型。
（4）是非辨别型。
（5）事实排序型。
此题中的前三题为细节理解题。
细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，I was determined to go ahead即made up his mind to run。
第二题为语义理解题。
根据文章第二段的信息In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. 可知，作者没有运动天赋。
而第三题则为转述型，根据信息句I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知，作者跑完了马拉松，正好与made it 意义相同。
Passage 2（2018年·新课标II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。
【汇编五年高考】2014-2018高考英语试题按题型专题分类解析12交际用语含解析
英语专题目录一览表专题01冠词名词和主谓一致含解析专题02代词介词和介词短语含解析专题03形容词和副词含解析专题04动词和动词短语含解析专题05动词的时态和语态含解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析专题07非谓语动词含解析专题08定语从句含解析专题09连词和状语从句含解析专题10名词性从句含解析专题11特殊句式含解析专题12交际用语含解析专题13人物传记故事类含解析专题14新闻报道广告类含解析专题15社会生活说理议论类含解析专题16科普类说明文含解析专题17阅读新题型含解析专题18完形填空之记叙文含解析专题19完形填空之夹叙夹议含解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析专题21语法填空含解析专题22短文改错含解析专题23文字提纲式含解析专题24图画式含解析专题12 交际用语2018年高考题1.【2018·天津】5. —I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You betB. It dependsC. Forget itD. No kidding【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。
句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。
——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。
A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. No kidding别开玩笑。
根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。
故选A。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let me know whe n, and I’ll be there.，就不难选出正确答案。
近五年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解题型分析及2018年备考建议
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五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题03 社会文化类- Word版含解析
专题03社会文化类【话题解读】“社会文化类”是高中英语课程标准中24话题之一，包括东西方文化交流、文化习俗、宗教信仰、婚丧嫁娶等风俗习惯、艺术等的传播、东西方社会礼仪的差别等方面。
通过本话题的学习与高考英语的考查，了解东西方以及不同民族之间的文化交流，掌握一定的社会礼仪知识，为将来走向社会打下基础。
【高考探究】“社会文化类”是高考英语常考话题之一，常在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达中出现。
例如：2018年新课标卷I阅读理解B篇，2018年新课标卷II 阅读理解D篇；2017年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇，2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇，2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2015全国卷Ⅰ书面表达；2014年陕西卷书面表达；2012年大纲全国卷Ⅰ完形填空等。
【典例剖析】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as nece ssary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silen ce is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culturespecific.D. It is contentbased.【答案】C33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题06 时文报道类- Word版含解析
专题06时文报道类在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。
因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。
时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为主。
文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事。
这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、何地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。
不过，在表达方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。
另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，要学会排除干扰。
时文报道类是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇； 2018年新课标卷III 阅读理解C篇等【高考探究】高考试题经常以阅读理解的形式出现新闻报道类的文章。
【典例剖析】A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzy’s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough, so she stamped on her father’s chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: ＂I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.＂＂She’s a little star,＂ said Debbie. ＂I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can’t believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.＂Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .A.to express her helplessnessB.to practise CPR on himC.to keep him awakeD.to restart his heart2.What’s the right order of the events?①Izzy kicked Colm.②Debbie called 999.③Izzy learned CPR.④Colm’s heart stopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered.B. Colm’s present condition.C. What caused Colm’s allergy.D. Symptoms of Colm’s allergic reaction.4.Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident.B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girl’s brave act.D. To call people’s attention to allergic reaction.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题07 史地常识类
专题07史地常识类历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。
文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。
阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。
如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。
附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。
＂历史与地理＂是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。
本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。
通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
【高考探究】近几年的高考英语中，＂历史与地理＂这个话题屡见不鲜。
在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2018年新课标卷III阅读理解B篇；2017年浙江卷阅读理解C篇；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。
【相关词汇】Ⅰ.必记单词1. attack vt.进攻；袭击2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑4. feed vt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁Ⅱ.阅读识记单词12.abolish vt. 废除13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密15.distribute vt.发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freeze vi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理23.historic adj.历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historical adj.与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt.侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj.多山的30.occupy vt.占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj.宗教的34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrify vt.使恐怖42.urban adj.城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器II.高频短语1.at war在交战中2.be located in/lie in坐落于/位于3.be rich in富含；盛产4.be separate from与……分离5.be surrounded by被……包围/环绕着6.break out(战争、火灾等)爆发7.clear up清理；清除；天气转晴8.date from起源于；追溯到；始于9.declare war on对……宣战10.defend against抵御11.in peace和平地12.in the long run从长远来看13.take on呈现；接受(工作)；开始雇用14.turn against背叛15.vote for/against投票支持/反对III.固定句型1.so...that...Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage. 有时候，微笑的力量会如此强大以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练：专题02人物故事类
五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题类解读与训练专题02人物故事类人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。
写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
命题以细节为主，推理为辅。
主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。
文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。
命题方式考点一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which of the following statements i4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam wasbuilt to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enoughconcrete in this dam to build a highway from New Y ork to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam w hen it was finished in ter it was renamed Hoover Dam i n honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black CanyonC. between New York and San FranciscoD. both A and B由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
【汇编五年高考】2014-2018高考英语试题按题型专题分类解析04动词和动词短语含解析
英语专题目录一览表专题01冠词名词和主谓一致含解析专题02代词介词和介词短语含解析专题03形容词和副词含解析专题04动词和动词短语含解析专题05动词的时态和语态含解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析专题07非谓语动词含解析专题08定语从句含解析专题09连词和状语从句含解析专题10名词性从句含解析专题11特殊句式含解析专题12交际用语含解析专题13人物传记故事类含解析专题14新闻报道广告类含解析专题15社会生活说理议论类含解析专题16科普类说明文含解析专题17阅读新题型含解析专题18完形填空之记叙文含解析专题19完形填空之夹叙夹议含解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析专题21语法填空含解析专题22短文改错含解析专题23文字提纲式含解析专题24图画式含解析专题04 动词和动词短语2018年高考题1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。
句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。
A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。
故选B。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。
动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up【答案】A点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题04 科普知识与现代技术- Word版含解析
专题04科普知识与现代技术“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。
总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。
【高考探究】“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
【典例剖析】（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than thosefor pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。
2014-2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题13人物传记故事类含解析
专题13 人物传记、故事类2018年高考题A【2018·浙江卷】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s pa rtly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible —and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A【解析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。
2014-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解之社会生活说理议论类(精编+解析版)
2014-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编阅读理解之社会生活说理议论类（试题部分）答案及解析页码为84～1312016年高考题社会生活类[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]CA typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To trick the lion.B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”，you're advised to ________．A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]BSince th e first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased man y, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in 1995 there are about 6，600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________．A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A. The grass-roots level.B. The business circle.C. Government officials.D. University professors.27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B. They have settled their environmental problems.C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?A. Education.B. Planning.C. Green living.D. CO reduction.[2014·天津卷]AA guide to the universityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.Academic supportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.37. Where and when can you cook your own food?A. The Globe, Friday.B. The Lower Café，Sunday.C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________．A. is open six days a weekB. offers services free of chargeC. trains students in medical careD. gives advice on mental health39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?A. By applying online.B. By calling the centre.C. By filling in a sign-up form.D. By going to the centre directly.40. What is the function of TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus toursC. To take students to the Mattson Centre.D. To transport students to and from the stores.[2014·天津卷]C“Dad，” I say one day，“let's take a trip. Why don't you fly out and meet me？” My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM. His job filled his day, his thoughts, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.My father sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.“What's our first stop？” asks my father.“What time is it？”“Still don't have a watch？”Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花岗岩), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of a little boy.“Unbelievable，” he says. “How was this done？”A film in the information centre shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.We stare up and I ask myself, “W ould I ever devote my life to anything？”No directions，no goals. I always used to hear those words in my father's voice. Now I hear them in my own.The next day we're at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic.“Did you ever travel with your dad？” I ask.“Only once，” he says. “I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other—but never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.”That_last_sentence—it's_probably_the_same_thing_I'd_say_about_my_father._And_what_I' d_want_my_child_to_say_about_me.In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I've never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep travelling, I realize—and maybe a regular job won't be as dull as I feared.Weeks after our trip, I call my father.“The phot os from the trip are wonderful，” he says.“We've got to take another trip like that sometime.”I tell him I've decided to settle down, and I'm wearing a watch.46. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father ________.A. followed the fashionB. got bored with his jobC. was unhappy with the author's lifestyleD. liked the author's collection of stamps47. What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?A. His father is interested in sculpture.B. His father is as innocent as a little boy.C. He should learn sculpture in the future.D. He should pursue a specific aim in life.48. From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author ________．A. wants his children to learn from their grandfatherB. comes to understand what parental love meansC. learns how to communicate with his fatherD. hopes to give whatever he can to his father49. What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?A. The call solves their disagreements.B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.C. They decide to learn photography together.D. They begin to change their attitudes to life.50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Love nature, love lifeB. A son lost in adventureC. A journey with dadD. The art of travel[2014·天津卷]DPeople aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.51. What is the national sickness?A. Walking too much.B. Travelling too much.C. Driving cars too much.D. Climbing stairs too much.52. What was life like when the author was young?A. People usually went around on foot.B. People often walked 25 miles a day.C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that________.A. middle-aged people like getting back to natureB. walking in nature helps enrich one's mindC. people need regular exercise to keep fitD. going on foot prevents heart disease54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?A. A queue of cars.B. A ray of traffic light.C. A flash of lightning.D. A stream of people.55. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?A. To tell people to reflect more on life.B. To recommend people to give up driving.C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.D. To encourage people to return to walking.[2014·安徽卷]CYou are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys.These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growingup things; you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.64．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?A．By collecting more tangible things.B．By showing what ordinary people have collected.C．By correcting what museums normally represent.D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A．Who they are.B．How old they are.C．Where they were born.D．Why they might not mean to collect.66．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A．To help people sell their collections.B．To encourage more people to collect.C．To study the significance of collecting.D．To find out why people visit museums.67．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________．A．become adultsB．feel happy with lifeC．are ready for a relationshipD．feel time to be uncontrollable[2014·安徽卷]EYou may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising“changemakers” seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practicalprogress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.72．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A．Changemakers B．BusinessmenC．Social conditions D．Rubbish problems73．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．A．the local farmersB．Masqsood and IftekharC．Drayton and his teamD．the poor people in Dhaka74．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________．A．considers Drayton's conceptB．gets permission from AshokaC．tries to improve social conditionsD．is a young, happy and healthy adult75．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as “________”．A．changing B．forgivingC．cautious D．positive[2014·福建卷]EAs has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”，even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)．Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.72．We can learn from the first paragraph that________．A．energy policy catches much attention of the publicB．the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farmsC．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesD．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents73．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________．A．is more rapid than that of carbon-based powerB．guarantees an increase in energy outputC．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerD．agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation74．It can be inferred from the passage that________．A．an official report will settle the energy problemB．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farmsC．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiationD．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts75．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?A．Increase political impact on energy policy.B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.[2014·湖南卷]CThe behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________．A. zero-carbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”．A. the waysB. their homesC. developmentsD. existing efforts68. What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users' habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.69. The information gap in energy use ________．A. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users' old habits70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.[2014·江西卷]CClose your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundreddollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programmes. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.65. The first paragraph is intended to ________．A. introduce a new way of readingB. advise the public to lead a simple lifeC. direct the public's attention to the blindD. encourage the public to use imagination66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?A. They are adequate.B. They have not been updated.C. They are not equally distributed.D. They have benefited most of the blind.67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________．A. teaching medical studentsB. training doctors and nursesC. running flying hospitals globallyD. setting up non-profit organizations68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?A. Appeal for donations.。