考研英语二历年真题及答案PDF(试卷版)
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解)
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解) Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the startingline because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead ofcasting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and evenentirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an ex ecutive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is tokill off all possibilities but one. A good innovationalthin ker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 coveredthat humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts downhalf of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” expla ins M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing whatyou’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where de veloping new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for afamily’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, w hich a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump togetherinformation from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely tobe__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, andremains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building i ndustry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workf orce to substantially improve productivityfor the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers,let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you sh all be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that NewEnglanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in NewEngland__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitableone from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of allcultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society andculture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. [D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories ofkinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is itseffect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of associationitself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young uponthe same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English答案解析：1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”， suppose表示“假设”， observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。
XX考研《英语二》真题试卷及答案(完整版)
XX考研《英语二》真题试卷及答案(完整版) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence1firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, aording to a recent research paper.2, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development).That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking3for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the4and inclinationfor risk-taking that e with happiness would5the way panies invested. So they pared U.S. cities’ average happiness6by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which theywere8.But is it reall y happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happiercities9why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various10that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was11to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally12even after aounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which theauthors13to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less14managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was15stronger in places where happiness was spread more16.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at leas t18at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help19how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and20R&D more than the average,” s aid one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10.[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12.[A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]pare14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious[D]experienced15.[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16.[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17.[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outDirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning puter science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn puter science, they learn thatit’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as ha rd for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them bees normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductoryputer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s bee popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of theapps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Fbook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by puters — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how puters think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to puter science makes it easier to.A. plete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will.A. help students learn other puter languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies eC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. Aording to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to.A. pete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. bee better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative puter technologies25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguideBiologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, oupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially lessconfrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chickenhabitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replaceevery acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to pensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in thedriver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmentalgroups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they[A]agree to pay a sum for pensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.Aording to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge。
考研英语二真题及答案完整版3
考研英语二真题及答案完整版(3) Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4,4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment isstill far higher than before the recession, but it is down by640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is "yes."they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hoursin that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious healthconditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven' t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare's trouble答案：36.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38.B shows a general tendency of decline39.B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40.A employment in the USSome Old Truths to Help You Overcorne Toucgh TimesUefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won't last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggeratingfears. My favorite actor will smith once said, "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice." I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42 .If you are by and43. .Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44..No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.45 .Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.。
2022考研英语二真题(附答案)
绝密★启用前2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)(科目代码：204)☆考生注意事项☆1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
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5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
(以下信息考生必须认真填写)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer,you'll find the time; and that if you can't find the time,then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer. For him,writing is a 1 job—a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing,pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.3 ,like most writers these days,you're holding down a job to pay the bills,it's not4 t o find the time to write.But it's not impossible.It requires determination and single-mindedness.5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today,even writers who are fairly6 o ften have to do other work to7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it's a 8 o f priorities.To make writing a priority,you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle,that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music,though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 t he amount of exercise or sport you do.You'll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily,time-consuming 14 . There'll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family.It's a 15 learning curve,and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writing—and that's reading.Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it's the one 17 supporter—something you can't do without.Time is finite.The older you get,the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do.If you're a writer, that means—20 —writing.1. A. difficult. normal C. steady D. pleasant 2. A. combined. compared C. confused D. confronted 3. A. If. Though C. Once D. Unless 4. A. enough. strange C. wrong D. easy 5. A. Accept. Explain C. Remember D. Suppose 6. A. well-known. well-advised C. well-informed D. well-chosen 7. A. donate. generate C. supplement D. calculate 8. A. cause. purpose C. question D. condition 9. A. highlight. sacrifice C. continue D. explore 10. A. relations. interests C. memories D. skills 11. A. until. because C. while D. before 12. A. put up with. make up for C. hang on to D. cut down on 13. A. intelligent. occasional C. intensive D. emotional 14. A. habit. test C. decision D. plan 15. A. tough. gentle C. rapid D. funny 16. A. in place of. in charge of C. in response to D. in addition to 17. A. indispensable. innovative C. invisible D. instant 18. A. duller. harder C. quieter D. quicker 19. A. peacefully. generously C. productively D. gratefully 20. A. at most. in turn C. on average D. above allSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BText1On a recent sunny day,13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40 windswept acres in Shiner,Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car.Others drink water with the cows.This all seems random,but it's by design,part of what the $6.1 billion U.S.egg industry bets will be its next big thing:climate- friendly eggs.These eggs,which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen,are still labeled organic and animal-friendly,but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture—special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases.Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“I'm excited about our progress,”says Brown,who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat.The birds’waste then fertilizes fields.Such improvements“allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land,the hens,and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering.In barely more than a decade,organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart.More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats,but both have exploded into major supermarket categories.If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful,it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef,broccoli,and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell,because the concept is tough to define quickly,says Julie Stanton,associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine.Such farming also brings minimal, if any,improvement to the food products(though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range,non-GMO,and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change,and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment.Young adults “really care about the planet,”says John Brunnquell,president of Egg Innovations.“They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they're doing.”21.The climate-friendly eggs are producedA. at a considerably low costB. at the demand of regular shoppersC. as a replacement for organic eggsD. on specially designed farmsrry Brown is excited about his progress inA. reducing the damage of wormsB. accelerating the disposal of wasteC. creating a sustainable systemD. attracting customers to his products23.The example of organic eggs is used in Paragraph 4 to suggestA. the doubts over natural foodsB. the setbacks in the egg industryC. the potential of regenerative productsD. the promotional success of supermarkets24. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young peopleA. are reluctant to change their dietB. are likely to buy climate-friendly eggsC. are curious about new foodsD. are amazed at agriculture advances25. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerativeproducts’A. market prospectsB. standard definitionC. nutritional valueD. moral implicationsText2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement,a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life,according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down,the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the“unretirement”trend. Other reasons,according to the study,include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit,preventing boredom or avoiding depression.“The concept of retirement is evolving,”said Christine Russell,senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade.“It's not just about finances.The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns:Americans are living longer.Because of longer life spans,Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed,which surveyed 2,000 adults between 40 to 79.Six in 10“unretirees”are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life,according to the survey.Among the most popular ways they are doing this,the company said,is by reducing their overall expenses,securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately,many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years,said Brent Weiss,a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married,starting a family and ultimately retiring,”Weiss said.“It's not just a financial decision,but an emotional one.Many people believe they can't retire.”26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates thatA. over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB. the old workforce is as active as the younger oneC. one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD. more Americans are willing to work in retirement27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think thatA. retirement may cause problems for themB. boredom can be relieved after retirementC. the mental health of retirees is overlookedD. “unretirement”contributes to the economy28.Retirement patterns are changing partly due toA. labor shortageB. population growthC. longer life expectancyD. rising living costs29.Many“unretirees”are increasing their savings byA. investing more in stocksB. taking up odd jobsC. getting well-paid workD. spending less30. With regard to retirement,Brent Weiss thinks that many people areA. unpreparedB. unafraidC. disappointedD. enthusiasticText3We have all encountered them,in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice.These are examples ot dark patferns,First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull,“dark pattems”is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns,ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to“roach motel,”where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start,but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 20i9 study of 53,000 product pages and )1,000 websites,researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices.Though widely prevalent,the concept of dark patterns is still not wel understood.Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical,persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT,compliance,risk,and legal teams to review their privacy policy,and include in the discussion the customer/ user experience designers and coders respcnsibie for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers respcnsible for sign-ups,checkout baskets,pricing,and promotions. 8Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avciding“digital deception *Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns,most recently at the state level.In March,the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act(CCPA)that“ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.”The regulations aim to ban dark patterns—this means prohibiting companies from using“confusing language or unnecessary steps sucb as/forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons whyathey shouldn't@pt outn”As mcre states consider promulgating additional regulations,there is a need fer greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis,but only if organizations hold themselves accountable,not just to legal requirements,but also to industry best practices and standards.31.It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patternsA. improve user experiencesB. leak user information for profitC. undermine users'decision-makingD. remind users of hidden costs32.The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show .A. their major flawsB. their complex designsC. their severe damageD. their strong presence33.To handle digital deception,businesses should ·A. listen to customer feedbackB. talk with relevant teamsC. turn to independent agenciesD. rely on professional training34.The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended toA. guide users through opt-out processesB. protect consumers from being trickedC. grant companies data privacy rightsD. restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph,a key to coping with dark patternsisA.B.C.D. new legal requirements businesses'self-discipline strict regulatory standards consumers'safety awarenessText4Although ethics classes are common around the world,scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports.But a new study published in Cognition found that,in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat.They chose this particular behavior for three reasons,according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel,a philosopher at the University of California,Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable,behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat,optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then,unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors,including voting rates,blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics,meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent—and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks.Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.“That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention," Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania,who was not involved in the study,says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real,she notes,it might be reversible by another nudge:“Easy come,easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism,showing it as achievable or more common. Second,the video may have had an emotional impact.Least rousing,he thinks,was rational argument,although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role.Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style,teaching ass istants’eating habits and students'video exposure.Meanwhile Schwitzgebel—who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.36.Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are .A. hard to determineB. narrowly interpretedC. difficult to ignoreD. poorly summarized37.Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?A.It is common among students.B. It is a behavior easy to measure.C. It is important to students'health.D. It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38.Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors .A. are seldom critical of their studentsB. are less sociable than other professorsC. are not sensitive to political issuesD. are not necessarily ethically better39.Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is .A.B. C.D. permanent predictable uncertain unrepeatable40.Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students’change in behavior ·A. can bring psychological benefitsB. can be analyzed statisticallyC. is a result of multiple factorsD. is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A. Make it a habitB. Don't go it aloneC. Start low,go slowD. Talk with your doctorE. Listen to your bodyF. Go through the motionsG. Round out your routineHow to Get Active Again After a BreakMoving your body has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression,lower rates of many types of cancer and the risk of a heart attack,and improve overall immunity.It also helps build strength and stamina.Getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times,but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of COVID- 19 concens,it can be tricky to know where to start. And it's important to get the right dose of activity.“Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,”says Mary Yoke,PhD,a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41.Don't try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day,playing 18 holes of golf three times a week,or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps,reduce activity to half a mile every other day,or nine holes of golf once a week with short walksl on other days,or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.Increase time,distance,and intensity gradually.“This isn't something you can do overnight,”says Keri L. Denay,MD,lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic.But you will reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42.If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences,back off.If you feel good,go a little longer or faster.Feeling wiped out after a session?Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms,such as chest pain or pressure,severe shortness of breath or dizziness,or faintness,and seek medical attention immediately.43.Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina.Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start,says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT,a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital.All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest,most accessible form of exercise.Although it can be a workout on its own,if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes,tennis,cycling,or any other activity,walking is also a great first step.44.Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity,you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket,swing like you're hitting the ball.Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe.Mimic your favorite swimming strokes.The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45.Exercising with others“can keep you accountable and make it more fun,so you're more likely to do it again,”Jackovitz says.You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant.But when you can't connect in person,consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home.You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class. SilverSneakers offers them for older adults,or try EverWalk for virtual challenges.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Although we try our best,sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light,the limitations of your painting materials,and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing,it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits:you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your Second nature. In fact,creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life,with which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival,write an e-mail to the international students in your university to1)introduce the food festival,and2)invite them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the e“Li Ming”instead.(10 points)Part B48.Directions;Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)总体农村2018-2020我国快递业务量变动情况(单位：10亿件)2022年考研英语(二)真题答案速查表1～ 5 BBADC 6～10 ACCBB 11～15 CDBAA16～20 DADCD 21～25 DCCBA 26～30 DACDA31~35 CDBBB 36~40 ABDCC 41～45 CEAFBSectionⅢTranslation尽管我们尽了自己最大的努力，但有时我们的绘画很少能达到预期的效果。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及答案一.完形填空下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题。
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you’re the CEO of a small business,and though you’re making a nice 1 ,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow. Let’s look at a real-world 4 .Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had50employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, 8 ,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this 12 ,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent. But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.【完形填空】第1题A.purchaseB.profitC.connectionD.bet正确答案：B2.【完形填空】第2题A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate正确答案：D3.【完形填空】第3题A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially正确答案：A4.【完形填空】第4题A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example正确答案：D5.【完形填空】第5题A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional正确答案：D6.【完形填空】第6题A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem正确答案：D7.【完形填空】第7题A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides正确答案：A8.【完形填空】第8题A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again正确答案：B9.【完形填空】第9题A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed正确答案：B10.【完形填空】第10题A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal正确答案：C11.【完形填空】第11题A.endB.burdenckD.decrease正确答案：C12.【完形填空】第12题A.policyB.suggestionC.viewD.result正确答案：D13.【完形填空】第13题A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring正确答案：C14.【完形填空】第14题A.As a resultB.At any rateC.By the wayD.In a sense正确答案：A15.【完形填空】第15题A.uniteB.financeC.followD.choose正确答案：A16.【完形填空】第16题A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden正确答案：B17.【完形填空】第17题A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment正确答案：D18.【完形填空】第18题A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable正确答案：B19.【完形填空】第19题A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless正确答案：C20.【完形填空】第20题A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter正确答案：A二.【阅读理解Part A】下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
2024年研究生考试考研英语(二204)试题与参考答案
2024年研究生考试考研英语(二204)复习试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Section A: Reading Comprehension (Part A: Multiple Choice Questions)In this section, there is a passage with 20 blanks. For each blank in the passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.The world of fashion is an ever-changing landscape, where trends come and go with the speed of light. The following passage explores the dynamics of this dynamic industry.Fashion designers often work under immense pressure to keep up with the latest trends. The competition to create unique and eye-catching designs is fierce. (1)________, they are expected to produce new collections every few months, which can be quite a challenge.1.A. Despite this high demandB. Because of this high demandC. However, this high demandD. In order to meet this high demandFashion weeks, held in major cities around the world, are where new trendsare showcased to the public. (2)________, these events are a mix of glamour and chaos, attracting thousands of fashion enthusiasts and industry professionals.2.A. ConsequentlyB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. NeverthelessDesigners must be aware of the cultural and social contexts of their audiences to create designs that resonate. (3)________, understanding consumer behavior is crucial in the fashion industry.3.A. FurthermoreB. In contrastC. MoreoverD. NonethelessThe process of creating a new collection is both creative and logistical. First, designers brainstorm ideas and sketch their concepts. (4)________, they need to source fabrics, materials, and accessories.4.A. NextB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. Moreover(5)________, designers must also consider the sustainability and ethical aspects of their work.B. ConsequentlyC. HoweverD. MoreoverOnce the collection is complete, it is presented to buyers, who decide whether to purchase the designs for their stores. (6)________, this stage is critical to a designer’s success.6.A. As a resultB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. ConsequentlyFashion is not just about clothing; it is a reflection of personal style and identity. (7)________, it can also be a powerful statement about social issues and causes.7.A. AlthoughB. HoweverC. MoreoverD. FurthermoreThe impact of social media on the fashion industry cannot be overstated. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok have given designers a global audience and a direct line to consumers. (8)________, this has transformed the way fashion trends are discovered and followed.B. ConsequentlyC. HoweverD. MoreoverFashion is a global industry, but it is also deeply rooted in local cultures.(9)________, designers must balance the desire to be innovative with the need to respect and incorporate traditional elements.9.A. ConsequentlyB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. NeverthelessThe economic aspect of the fashion industry is significant, with billions of dollars spent on clothing and accessories each year. (10)________, the industry faces challenges such as overproduction and waste.10.A. AdditionallyB. ConsequentlyC. HoweverD. MoreoverAnswers:1.A2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.C8.A9.B10.C二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Reading PassageIn the wake of the global financial crisis, there has been a growing interest in the role of corporate governance in shaping a company’s financial performance. Corporate governance refers to the system by which businesses are directed and controlled. It in cludes the relationships between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders, and other stakeholders. The effectiveness of corporate governance has become a key issue for investors and regulators alike.The crisis exposed several weaknesses in the traditional models of corporate governance, particularly those that rely heavily on external oversight. Critics argue that such models are prone to conflicts of interest, lack transparency, and can be influenced by short-term financial pressures. In contrast, somescholars advocate for a more inclusive approach that involves a stronger role for shareholders and a focus on long-term value creation.The following passage discusses the impact of corporate governance on a company’s financial performance.PassageThe impact of corporate governance on a company’s financial performance is a topic of considerable debate. Studies have shown that well-governed companies tend to outperform their poorly governed counterparts. This is attributed to several factors. Firstly, effective governance structures ensure that decisions are made with the best interests of shareholders in mind. Secondly, strong corporate governance promotes accountability and transparency, which can enhance investor confidence. Lastly, good governance practices often lead to better risk management and strategic planning.However, the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance is complex and multifaceted. It is not always the case that better governance leads to better financial results. For instance, excessive shareholder activism can disrupt management and hinder the company’s ability to execute its business strategy. Moreover, the quality of governance can vary significantly across different industries and regions.1、What is the main focus of the passage?A. The causes of the global financial crisisB. The effectiveness of traditional corporate governance modelsC. The role of shareholders in corporate governanceD. The relationship between corporate governance and financial performance2、According to the passage, what is one factor that contributes towell-governed companies outperforming others?A. Lack of shareholder activismB. Strong corporate governance structuresC. Short-term financial pressuresD. Excessive oversight by external bodies3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to better financial performance?A. AccountabilityB. TransparencyC. Strategic planningD. Long-term financial planning4、What does the passage suggest about the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance?A. It is always a positive correlation.B. It is complex and multifaceted.C. It is influenced by shareholder activism.D. It is only relevant in well-governed companies.5、The author’s attitude towards the effectiveness of traditional corporate governance models can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. SupportiveC. IndifferentD. CriticalAnswers1、D2、B3、D4、B5、D第二题Passage:The digital age has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. With the advent of the internet and social media, the traditional newspaper industry has faced significant challenges. One such challenge is the declining circulation of print newspapers. This essay explores the reasons behind the decline and discusses the impact it has on journalism and society.In the past, newspapers were the primary source of news and information for most people. They provided comprehensive coverage of local, national, and international events. However, the rise of the internet has changed the landscape. People now have access to news and information at their fingertips, often from sources that are not as reliable as traditional newspapers. This shifthas led to a decrease in print newspaper circulation.Several factors contribute to the decline of print newspapers. Firstly, the internet offers convenience and speed. People can get news updates in real-time, without the need to wait for the morning newspaper to arrive. Secondly, the cost of purchasing a newspaper is a significant factor. Many people find it more cost-effective to access news online for free. Lastly, the traditional newspaper format is often considered outdated by younger generations, who are more accustomed to digital media.The decline of print newspapers has had a profound impact on journalism. With reduced circulation, newspapers are facing financial difficulties, which can lead to cutbacks in staff and resources. This, in turn, can result in a loss of quality and diversity in news reporting. Additionally, the decline of print newspapers has implications for the democratic process. Informed citizens are essential for a healthy democracy, and the availability of diverse news sources is crucial for fostering an informed electorate.Despite the challenges, there is hope for the future of journalism. Many newspapers have adapted by embracing digital technologies. They are investing in online platforms and mobile applications to reach a wider audience. Some have even started experimenting with virtual reality to provide immersive news experiences. These innovations may help newspapers survive and thrive in the digital age.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of digital media over print mediaB. The challenges faced by the traditional newspaper industryC. The impact of the internet on news consumption habitsD. The future of journalism in the digital age2、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor to the decline of print newspapers?A. The convenience and speed of the internetB. The cost of purchasing a newspaperC. The preference for digital media among younger generationsD. The quality of news reporting in print newspapers3、According to the passage, what is the potential consequence of the decline in newspaper circulation?A. An increase in the number of reliable news sources onlineB. A loss of quality and diversity in news reportingC. A more informed and engaged citizenryD. A decrease in the number of journalists4、How are newspapers adapting to the digital age according to the passage?A. By reducing their staff and resourcesB. By embracing digital technologies and online platformsC. By focusing on local news and community engagementD. By charging for access to their online content5、What is the author’s overall tone regarding the future of journalism?A. PessimisticB. OptimisticC. IndifferentD. ConfusedAnswers:1、B2、D3、B4、B5、B第三题The following is a passage from a recent article on the impact of technology on education. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.Technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and learn. In the realm of education, the integration of technology has brought about significant changes. One of the most notable advancements is the use of online learning platforms, which have become increasingly popular among students and educators alike. These platforms offer flexibility, convenience, and access to a vast array of resources. However, despite these benefits, there are concerns about the effectiveness of online learning and its impact on traditional educational methods.Online learning platforms provide students with the opportunity to study at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes. This flexibility is particularly appealing to working professionals who wish to further their education without interrupting their careers. Moreover, these platforms often feature interactive elements such as videos, quizzes, and forums, which enhance the learning experience. Educators also benefit from these tools, as they can reach a wider audience and provide personalized feedback to students.Despite the advantages, some argue that the lack of face-to-face interaction in online learning can hinder the development of crucial skills such as critical thinking and communication. Traditional classroom settings offer a dynamic environment where students can engage in discussions, ask questions, and learn from each other. Furthermore, the social aspects of education, such as teamwork and networking, are often diminished in online environments.1、What is one significant advantage of online learning platforms mentioned in the passage?2、How do online learning platforms benefit educators?3、What is a concern expressed about online learning in terms of student development?4、According to the passage, what is often diminished in online environments?5、What is the author’s overall stance on the impact of technology on education?1、The opportunity to study at one’s own pace and from the comfort of their homes.2、The ability to reach a wider audience and provide personalized feedback to students.3、The lack of face-to-face interaction can hinder the development of crucial skills such as critical thinking and communication.4）The social aspects of education, such as teamwork and networking.5）The author acknowledges the benefits of technology in education but also expresses concerns about its impact on traditional methods and student development.第四题Passage:The rise of the internet has had a profound impact on the way people communicate, access information, and conduct business. One of the most significant changes brought about by the internet is the shift from traditional, print-based media to digital, online media. This shift has been particularly noticeable in the realm of news reporting and consumption. While traditional media outlets like newspapers and magazines have been slow to adapt, the rise of online news platforms has transformed the industry.1、The first paragraph primarily discusses:A. The negative effects of the internet on traditional media.B. The impact of the internet on various aspects of human life.C. The transformation of the news industry due to the internet.D. The slow adaptation of traditional media outlets to the internet.2、The word “profound” in the first sentence is closest in meaning to:A. Temporary.B. Shallow.C. Deep.D. Irrelevant.3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a change brought about by the internet in the first paragraph?A. The way people communicate.B. The way people access information.C. The way people consume media.D. The way people write letters.4、The phrase “slow to adapt” in the second paragraph suggests that:A. Traditional media outlets have quickly embraced the internet.B. Traditional media outlets have been resistant to change.C. Traditional media outlets are the fastest-growing segment of the industry.D. Traditional media outlets have been more successful than online platforms.5、The author’s tone throughout the passage can best be described as:A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Supportive.D. Enthusiastic.Answers:1、C2、C3、D4、B5、B三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Passage:Astronomy, the study of the universe, has always been a popular field of research. With the advancement of technology, we have been able to explore the cosmos and uncover many fascinating facts about our universe. One of the most intriguing discoveries is the existence of exoplanets, or planets outside our solar system. These planets have different characteristics and environments compared to those in our solar system, which makes them a subject of great interest for scientists.Exoplanets come in various sizes and orbit their stars at different distances. Some of them are located in the habitable zone, where conditions mightallow for the existence of liquid water on their surfaces. This has sparked a hope that we might find signs of life on these distant worlds. However, the search for life on exoplanets is not an easy task, as the conditions on these planets can be extremely harsh.To study exoplanets, scientists use a variety of techniques, including the transit method, the radial velocity method, and the direct imaging method. The transit method involves observing the brightness of a star as an exoplanet passes in front of it, which can reveal the size and orbit of the planet. The radial velocity method measures the tiny wobbles of a star caused by the gravitational pull of an orbiting exoplanet, allowing scientists to estimate its mass. The direct imaging method is the most challenging but provides detailed information about the planet’s surface, atmosphere, and orbit.Despite the progress made in exoplanet research, there are still many challenges ahead. One of the challenges is the difficulty in observing exoplanets due to their immense distance from Earth. Another challenge is the limited information we have about these planets, as most of the data comes from indirect observations. However, as technology continues to improve, scientists are optimistic that we will be able to overcome these challenges and learn more about the mysterious exoplanets.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?a) The history of astronomyb) The existence of exoplanetsc) The challenges of studying exoplanetsd) The different methods used to study exoplanets2.Why are exoplanets of great interest to scientists?a) They are easier to study than planets in our solar systemb) They might contain signs of lifec) They have unique characteristics and environmentsd) They are located in the habitable zone3.According to the passage, what is the transit method used for?a) Measuring the mass of an exoplanetb) Observing the surface of an exoplanetc) Estimating the size and orbit of an exoplanetd) Measuring the wobbles of a star4.What is one of the challenges in studying exoplanets?a) The difficulty in observing them due to their distance from Earthb) The limited information we have about these planetsc) The harsh conditions on exoplanetsd) The limited technology available for studying exoplanets5.What can be concluded about the future of exoplanet research from the passage?a) It will be abandoned due to the challenges involvedb) It will be limited to indirect observations onlyc) It will continue to progress as technology improvesd) It will be focused on studying only the planets in our solar systemAnswers:1.b2.b3.c4.a5.c四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题3分，共15分）第一题Translate the following Chinese passage into English.中文段落：随着互联网技术的飞速发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。
考研英语二历年真题（2010—2019年）
2019年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use ofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe ANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significantweightfluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyand physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof 4 thenumberonthescale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 mygoals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard workandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchanges inweight 7 alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost 8 changeswillbeobserved in skill level, strength and incheslost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthlyweighingschedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 myweight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significantweight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my trainingprogram.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. Ifmy training intensity remains the same, but I‘m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a16 that I need to increase my daily caloricintake.The 17 tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrythe burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I‘ve also experienced greater success in achievingmyspecificfitnessgoals, 19 I‘mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,insteadofnumbersonascale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothesfit and your overall energylevel.1. A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.However D.Besides2. A.Cares B.warns C. reduces D.helps3. A.Solely B.occasionally C.formally D.initially4. A.Lowering B.explaining C.accepting D.recording5. A.Set B.review C.reach D.modify6. A.Depiction B.distribution C.prediction D.definition7. A. Regardlessof B. asidefrom C. alongwith D. dueto8. A.Rigid B.precise C.immediate D.orderly9. A.judgments B.reasons C.methods D.claims10. A.Though B.again C.indeed D.instead11. A.Track B.overlook C.conceal D.report12. A. Approvalof B. holdonto C. account for D. dependon13. A.Share B.adjust C.confirm D.prepare14.Features B.rules C.tests D.results15. A.Anxious B.hungry C.sick D.bored16. A.Secret B.belief C.sign D.principle17. A.Necessity B.decision C.wish D.request18. A.Surprising B.restricting C.consuming D.disappointing19. A.Because B. unless C.until D.if20. A.Dominating B.puzzling C.triumphing D.obsessing1. 逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到hurt 伤害ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选Chowever。
2014年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解)
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obe sity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers h ave instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campa ign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. A. denied B. conduced C. doubled D. ensured2. A. protective B. dangerous C. sufficient D. troublesome3. A. Instead B. However C. Likewise D. Therefore4. A. indicator B. objective C. origin D. example5. A. impact B. relevance C. assistance D. concern6. A. in terms of B. in case of C. in favor of D. in of7. A. measures B. determines C. equals D. modifies8. A. in essence B. in contrast C. in turn D. in part9. A. complicated B. conservative C. variable D. straightforward10. A. so B. unlike C. since D. unless11. A. shape B. spirit C. balance D. taste12. A. start B. quality C. retire D. stay13. A. strange B. changeable C. normal D. constant14. A. option B. reason C. opportunity D. tendency15. A. employed B. pictured C. imitated D. monitored16. A. compared B. combined C. settled D. associated17. A. Even B. Still C. Yet D. Only18. A. despised B. corrected C. ignored D. grounded19. A. discussions B. businesses C. policies D. studies20. A. for B. against C. with D. withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-foundfor tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of "HappyMoney" are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author's attitude toward Americans' watching TV is________.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that_______.[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money_______.[A]has left much room for readers'criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to______.[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others-all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we're hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate theirbeauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves' from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation". If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those whoself-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion", says Epley. "It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves'. If you are depressed, you won't be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley 's study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer's paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it's not that people's profiles are dishonest,says Catalina toma of Wiscon-Madison university ,"but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people's______.[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______.[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word "Viscerally"(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer's paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 3Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely thantears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University's Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.[A] shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American[B] crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy[C] crying usually wins sympathy from other people[D] one who sheds tears in public will be blamed32. What does "both those responses to tears"(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?[A] Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.[B] The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.[C] The tear shedder's apology and the observer's effort to stop the crying.[D] Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.33. "Counterproductive" (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means "________".[A] having no effect at all[B] leading to tension[C] producing disastrous impact[D] harmful to health34. What does the author say about crying?[A] It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.[B] It must have a role to play in man's survival.[C] It is meant to get attention and assistance.[D] It usually produces the desired effect.35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?[A] Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.[B] Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.[C] Emotional tears can give rise to "dry eye" syndrome in some cases.[D] Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.Text 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer,may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ?4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality." says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) You should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2014年考研英语(二)真题答案1. [B] concluded2. [A ]protective3. [[C] Likewise4. [A] indicator5. [D] concern6. [A]in terms of7. [C] equals8. [C] in turn9. [D] straightforward10. [B] while11. [A]shape12. [B] qualify13. [C] normal14. [D] tendency15. [B] pictured16. [D] associated17. [A]Even18. [D] grounded19.[C] policies20.[B] againstPart AText 121、【答案】B A special tour【解析】细节题。
考研英语二阅读-试卷1_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语二（阅读）-试卷1(总分60, 做题时间90分钟)2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.In 1930, when the world was "suffering from a bad attack of economic pessimism" , John May-nard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay, "Economic Possibilities for our Grand-children". It imagined a middle way between revolution and stagnation that would leave the grandchildren a great deal richer than their grandparents. But the path was not without dangers. One of the worries Keynes admitted was a "new disease" : "technological unemployment due to ourdiscovery of means of economising the use of labour outrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for labour. " His readers mightnot have heard of the problem, he suggested—but they were certain to hear a lot more about it in the years to come. For the most part, they did not. Nowadays, the majority of economists confidently wave such worries away. By raising productivity, they argue, any automation which economises on the use of labour will increase incomes. That will generate demand for new products and services, which will in turn create new jobs for displaced workers. To think otherwise has meant being tarred a Luddite— the name taken by 19th-century textile workers who smashed the machines taking their jobs. For much of the 20th century, those arguing that technology brought ever more jobs and prosperity looked to have the better of the debate. Real incomes in Britain scarcely doubled between thebeginning of **mon era and 1570. They then tripled from 1570 to 1875. And they more than tripled from 1875 to 1975. Industrialisation did not end up eliminating the need for human workers. On the contrary,it created employment opportunities sufficient to absorb the 20th century"s exploding population. Keynes" vision of everyone in the 2030s being a lot richer is largely achieved. His belief they would work just 15 hours or so a week has **e to pass.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.According to Maynard Keynes, which one of the following is NOT true?A Economic stagnation will last for a long period.B Economic depression may seem not so pessimistic.C Economic possibilities may be bright for our grandchildren.D Our grandchildren may be much more affluent than their forefathers.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：根据大写词Maynard Keynes定位到第一段。
考研英语(二)试题真题及答案(word版)
考研英语(二)试题真题及答案（word版）Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an averageguy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a militaryabbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A mon name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese ,and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoon s of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that thesoldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobao, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any Americansoldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]mon [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]modities[D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]pany [B]collection [C]munity [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]muted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandatesthat with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in pleting their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of plicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of thetruly thorny questions about homework. If the districtfinds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their plaints about homework23.Aording to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policyis that it may.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Weled Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ id entity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ a ttraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but aording to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research intochildren’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sa les, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a mon shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly aepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.Aording to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception ofchildren's psychological development was much influenced by.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some mon shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological experts。