法国历史(英文版)
— —HISTORY[历史] — —CELEB[名人]
HISTORY
France was one of the earliest countries to progress from feudalism（封建制度） to the nation-state（单一民族国家）. Its monarchs（君主） surrounded themselves with capable（有能力的） ministers, and French armies were among the most innovative, disciplined（遵守纪律的）, and professional of their day.
HISTORY
路易十四
DuLeabharlann ing the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715), France was the dominant power in Europe.
译：路易十四 (1643年1715)时期，法国是欧洲的 主导力量
HISTORY
After the French Revolution (1789-94)[法国大 革命], France reverted to forms of absolute rule or constitutional monarchy four times：
随后，第五共和国开始，戴高乐在 1958 年 6 月出任总理， 那年12 月当选总统。
HISTORY
Succeeding Charles de Gaulle as president of France have been（在戴高乐之后的法国总统接班人）
Gaullist Georges Pompidou (1969-74)
法国在二战中面对一系列新的问题浮 现出来。在戴高乐将军领导了临时政 府的一段时间后, 第四共和国通过新 宪法和政府控制的一系列的联盟议会 形式设立。
戴高乐：法兰西第五共 和国首任总统
HISTORY
The beginning of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle became prime minister in June 1958 and was elected president in December of that year.
the
世第二帝国 ]
HISTORY
Francisco Franco 弗朗西斯科· 佛朗哥
Prussia
普鲁士王国国旗
After the Franco-Prussian War (1870), the Third Republic was established and lasted until the military defeat of 1940.
Empire of Napoleon[拿破仑帝国]（拿破仑） the Restoration of Louis XVIII[路易十八世时期] the reign of Louis-Philippe[路易-菲利普朝代] the Second Empire of Napoleon III[拿破仑三
After 4 years of occupation and strife in France, Allied forces liberated the country in 1944.
在法国经历了4年的被占领和冲 突后，同盟国的武装在1944年解 放了这个国家。
法国地理图
HISTORY
France emerged from World War II to face a series of new problems. After a short period of provisional （临时的） government initially led by Charles de Gaulle（夏尔· 戴高 乐）, the Fourth Republic was set up by a new constitution and established as a parliamentary form of government controlled by a series of coalitions.
戴高乐主义者乔治· 让· 蓬皮杜
Independent Republican Valery Giscard d'Estaing (1974-81)
独立共和党总统德斯坦
Socialist Francois Mitterrand (1981-95)
社会主义者弗朗索瓦 ·密特朗
neo-Gaullist Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
在佛朗哥—普鲁士战役后，第三帝国建立，并且一直延续到 1940年的军事战败后。
HISTORY
France was defeated early in World War II, however, and was occupied in June 1940.
在二次世界大战中法国很早就被 击败了，并在1940年6月被占领。
新戴高乐主义者雅克 ·希拉克
center-right Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-present)
中间偏右尼古拉 · 萨科齐
Napoléon Bonaparte 拿破仑· 波拿巴
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769, the son of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte. Through his military exploits and his ruthless efficiency, Napoleon rose from obscurity to become Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. He is both a historical figure and a legend—and it is sometimes difficult to separate the two. The events of his life fired the imaginations of great writers, film makers, and playwrights whose works have done much to create the Napoleonic legend.
法国历史英文简介
HistoryEarly man was present in France at least 1.57 million years ago.The first modern humans appeared in the area 40,000 years ago. Romans called this place Gaul at that time.In the first century BC,Julius Caesar conquered Gaul.In the fifth century.In fifth century,Franks established Frankish kingdom.In 1337,the Hundred Years' War break out,England and France went to war.The wars ended in 1453.During the next centuries, France experienced the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. A burgeoning worldwide colonial empire was established from the 16th century.In 1789,The French Revolution ended the feudal rule.The country was governed for a period as a Republic, until the French Empire was declared by Napoleon Bonaparte.France went through several further regime changes after Napoleon's defeat, being ruled as a monarchy, then briefly as a Second Republic, and then as a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870.France was one of the Triple Entente powers in World War I, fighting alongside the United Kingdom, Russia, and their allies against the Central Powers.France was one of the Allied Powers in World War II, but was conquered by Nazi Germany in 1940. The Third Republic was dismantled, and most of the country was controlled directly by the Axis Powers, while the south was controlled by the collaborationist Vichy government. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established.In 1958, the weak and unstable Fourth Republic gave way to the Fifth Republic.It’sthe country's current government.After the war decolonization saw most of the French colonial empire become independent, while other parts were incorporated into the French state as overseas departments and collectivities. Since World War II France has been a leading member in the UN, the European Union and NATO, and remains a strong economic, cultural, military and political influence in the 21st century.France established diplomatic relations with China in 1964.It is the first western country that recognize People’s Republic of China.GeographyFrance located in Western Europe. From southwest to northeast, France shares borders with Spain,Andorra, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg, and Belgium. France also borders Suriname to its west and Brazil to its east and south, by way of the overseas region of French Guiana, which is considered an integral part of the republic.The area of France is 633,000 square kilometers,having the largest area among European Union membersrance possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the Alps in the south-east, the Massif Central in the south-central and Pyrenees in the south-west.Mont Blanc is the highest point in Western Europe.In France,Climate are different in different places.[The north and northwest have a temperate climate, while a combination of maritime influences, latitude and altitude produce a varied climate in the rest of Metropolitan France.[65] In the south-east a Mediterranean climate prevails. In the west, the climate is predominantly oceanic with a high level of rainfall, mild winters and cool to warm summers. Inland the climate becomes more continental with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. The climate of the Alps and other mountainous regions is mainly alpine, with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snow cover lasting for up to six months.]。
双城记(英文版)
谢谢观看
CHAPTER 13 The Fellow of No Delicacy
CHAPTER 14 1
The Honest Tradesman
CHAPTER 15
2
Knitting
3 CHAPTER 16
Still Knitting
4 CHAPTER 17
One Night
5
CHAPTER 18 Nine Days
History is still going on, human nature in the cycle of history, can not help but make us think about when to reach the other side of happiness? Yes, let people see themselves in the work and think about themselves, this is probably the power of the writers.。
Town
CHAPTER 8 Monseigneur in the Country
CHAPTER 9 The Gorgon s Head
CHAPTER 10 Two Promises
CHAPTER 11 A Companion Picture
CHAPTER 12 The Fellow of Delicacy
读书笔记
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way。
法国历史
史前文明从最早的人类史开始，每一阶段的法国在西方文明史上，都是响当当的角色。
在多尔多涅(Dordogne)地区以及比利牛斯山区发现的史前洞穴壁画，可追溯到两万年前，是欧洲最丰富的史前文化。
罗马人凯尔特人发展出强势的“铁文明”（lron Age Culture）后，罗马人为好勇斗狠的凯尔特人灌输了集体意识。
罗马帝国在公元前125年至公元前21年时占领了法国靠地中海的区域，到了凯撒（Julius Caesar），才算真正征服了好战的凯尔特人。
韦辛格托里克斯（Vercingetorix）领导凯尔特人英勇抵抗，但凯撒仍然在公元前52年于勃艮第的阿莱西亚（Alesia）获得最后胜利。
韦辛格托里克斯虽败犹荣，成了民族英雄。
随后的“罗马和平”（paxromana ）为该地带来财富和繁荣。
法兰克人公元四、五世纪随着罗马帝国的衰败，罗马高卢人向弗郎奇亚（Francia）——法兰克国王投降。
法兰克原本属日耳曼部落的一支，居住在罗马帝国外围，被罗马人称做“野蛮人”。
他们在日益衰败的帝国中逐渐崛起。
公元4世纪末和5世纪时，法兰克族的一支墨洛温人（Merovingians）占领了法国北部，起势力渐渐往南扩大。
该族的统治者洛维（Clovis），选择巴黎为首都，并于公元496年改信天主教，借此向笃信天主教的南方拓展势力。
夏勒马涅大帝公元8世纪，法兰克王子夏勒马涅登基，创建加洛林王朝（Carolingian），统治的疆域包含了今天的法国和德国。
公元800年，夏勒马涅接受罗马教皇加冕（是罗马统治者结束后首位荣膺教皇加冕者）。
随着封建制度的分崩离析，又有外族的入侵，像意大利北边的萨拉森人（Saracens）、中欧的马格亚人（Magyars）、斯堪地那维亚的诺尔斯人（Norsemen，亦称维京人Vikings），使得加洛林王朝注定要短命。
公元843年签定的凡尔登和约（Treaty of Verdun），将帝国分成三个部分：东法兰克的日耳曼王国、西法兰克王国——日后成为法国的历史核心，以及居中的洛赛瑞及亚（Lotharingia）。
法国介绍
葡萄酒分类
-------颜色分类
红葡萄酒
采用皮、汁混合发酵 ，然后进 行分离。 酒体呈深红、鲜红、宝石红、 砖红等色 ，红色素来自葡萄皮。
法国烹饪 法国烹饪是在西方世界最具影响和最具特色的烹饪系统，法国君主具有 较强的王权，在路易十四时达到顶峰，宫廷奢华风气在饮食上十分讲究，各 种烹饪方法通过效仿的贵族流入民间。法国烹饪重视烹饪方法和就餐礼仪， 法国盛产葡萄酒(vin)和奶酪(fromage)，成为法国烹饪必不可少的调料 法国比较具有特色的食品有： 炖鸡(coq au vin)、法式田螺(l`escargot)； 松露 鹅肝 鸭胸 主食主要是面包，具有法国特色的面包有月牙型小面包 (croissant)和棍式面包(baguette)。 法国是世界著名的饮食文化大国，在法国不同地区有不同的特色美食。 由于法国人相当地重视美食，所以吃法国菜时所需要的餐具也是非常多的， 法国人就餐非常讲究礼仪，一般第一道菜是开胃浓汤，然后是冷盘，接着才 是主菜，最后是甜点，面包随时取用，法国餐馆以其豪华的礼仪和风味著称， 世界各大城市中最豪华昂贵的餐馆几乎都是法国餐馆，曾有英国人抱怨说： 乘协和式飞机从伦敦去巴黎吃一顿饭，再乘机返回，所有旅费加到一起，也 比在法国餐馆吃一顿饭便宜。
埃菲尔铁塔 菲尔铁塔矗立在法国巴黎的战 神广场， 铁塔设计新颖独特， 是世界建筑史上的技术杰作， 是法国巴黎的重要景点和突出 标志。埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标 志之一，被法国人爱称为“铁娘 子
巴黎凯旋门Arc de Triomphe 法国巴黎凯旋门：即雄狮凯旋门， 为拿破仑· 波拿巴时代所建。位于著 名的香榭丽舍大街的戴高乐广场中 央。为纪念拿破仑在奥斯特里茨战 役中打败俄、奥联军，于1806年始 建， 1836年落成。高49.54米，宽 44.82米，厚22.21米。四面有门， 中心拱门宽14.6米。
法 国 国名国名：法兰西共和国,(The Republic of France)国名释义：“法兰西”由法兰克部落之名演变而来,
法国芝士PIZZA萝卜糕
。
• 法国人的姓氏很多，25万个，其中三大姓 是马丁Martin 、贝尔纳 Bernard 、托马斯 Thomas。多以圣徒的名命名
• 姓名有阴阳之分
• 如：男Jacque (雅克) Jacqueline（雅克琳）、 男Jean(让) Jeanne（让娜）
• 写法国姓名：名首字母大写，姓全部大写
礼仪与禁忌
• 法国人在社交场合与客人见面时，－般以握手 为礼，少女和妇女也常施屈膝礼。
• 在男女之间，女士之间见面时，他们还常以亲 面颊或贴面来代替相互间的握手。
• 法国人还有男性互吻的习俗。两个男人见面， －般要当众在对方的面颊上分别亲－下。
• 在法国一定的社会阶层中，“吻手礼”也颇为 流行。施吻手礼时，注意嘴不要触到女士的手， 也不能吻戴手套的手，不能在公共场合吻手， 更不得吻少女的手。
• 法国人在餐桌上敬酒先敬女后敬男，哪怕女宾 的地位比里宾低也是如此。
• 走路、进屋、入座，都要让妇女先行。
• 拜访告别时也是先向女主人致意和道谢，介绍 两人相见时，－般职务相等时先介绍女士。按 年龄先介绍年长的，按职位先介绍职位高的。 若介绍客人有好几位，－船是按座位或站立的 顺序依次介绍。
• 到法国人家里作客时别忘了带鲜花。
香榭丽舍大街
香榭丽舍大街
• 东起协和广场西至星形广场，全长约１ ８００米，街道最宽处约１２０米，是 横贯巴黎且最具特色、最繁华的街道之 一。在法文中“香榭丽舍”是“田园乐 土”的意思。
枫丹白露
• （二）旅游业发展概况 • ·全球第一旅游大国 • 1、国内旅游 • 2、入境旅游 • ·世界第一旅游接待国 • ·客源国 • 3、兴旺发达原因 • ①地理位置优越 • ②旅游资源丰富 • ③设施完备 • ④旅游管理出色
旧制度与大革命
旧制度与大革命目录概述内容梗概创作历程1.写作背景2.写作初衷点评鉴赏1.内容探讨2.学者评论成就与影响概述《旧制度与大革命》是法国历史学家托克维尔的著作，探讨的是法国大革命，原有的封建制度由于腐败和不得人心而崩溃，但社会动荡却并未带来革命党预期的结果，无论是统治者还是民众，最后都被相互间的怒火所吞噬。
原著出版于1856年。
内容梗概《旧制度与大革命》探讨的是法国大革命，原有的封建制度由于腐败和不得人心而崩溃，但社会动荡却并未带来革命党预期的结果，无论是统治者还是民众，最后都被相互间的怒火所吞噬。
法文原本名称L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution (1856) ，英文版名称有两个： The Old Regime and the Revolution 和 The Old Regime and the French Revolution 。
创作历程写作背景《旧制度与大革命》写于1851年到1856年之间，当时的法国正处在拿破仑三世发动政变建立和巩固第二帝国的时代，信奉自由主义的托克维尔对之悲观失望，成为“国内流亡者”，《旧制度与大革命》就是在这段政治大变动时期酝酿成熟的，其中浸透着对法国命运的深沉思考，和对拿破仑三世专制政权的强烈仇恨。
写作初衷托克维尔的初衷是以十年帝国时期（1804—1814）作为主题，不是重写一部梯也尔式的帝国史，而是试图说明帝国是如何产生的，它何以能在大革命创造的社会中建立起来，凭借的是哪些手段方法，创立帝国的那个人（拿破仑）的真正本质是什么，他的成就和挫折何在，帝国的短期和深远影响是什么，它对世界的命运，特别是法国的命运起了什么作用……总之，托克维尔企图解释那些构成时代连锁主要环节的重大事件的原因、性质、意义，而不是单纯地叙述史实。
虽然托克维尔后来放弃了对第一帝国的研究，把注意力移向大革命的深刻根源——旧制度，但是他的分析方法并未改变。
法国 (法兰西)英文版
Louis XVI of France
French King who was the Louis XV's grandson, and also the last France's king before the Bourbon restoration. Eexcept he was also the only king who was executed on the history of Frace ,the lock technology of Louis XVI was high,and very creative. After the outbreak of the French Revolution, Louis XVI was forced to organizate constitutionalists to own up bourgeois with real power. 1792 France was forced to declare war on Austria. In 1792 Volunteers composing of French people repulsed the invaders of his country, and established the first French Republic. People urgently required the execution of Louis XVI. After the public under the Girondins, in 1793 he was brought to the guillotine on paris revolution Square.
November 27, 1790, the Constituent Assembly passed legislation requiring clergy swear allegiance to country, the law and the King, caused the crisis in the French Catholic Church, many priests of the Pope refuses to be sworn.( April 18, 1791, Louis XVI attempted to a castle near Paris, but he was surrounded by large group of people in the palace door in Diyi Er, ultimately failed to leave. After this, Louis XVI fled firm determination. June 21, 1791 morning, the king fled news spread in Paris. June 22, 1791 morning, Paris messenger arrived Wa Leina. Local city council did not hesitate to obey the commands of the Constituent Assembly. Louis XVI, accompanied by the National Guard departed for Paris.( September 1791 approved the "1791 Constitution", to accept a constitutional monarchy, the king of the French people 1792, the Legislative Assembly abolished monarchy. The next day, the French Republic. November 1792, he colluded with a foreign enemy, suppressing the revolution plot file is found, the National Association sentenced him to death. January 21, 1793, in Paris, Place de la Revolution (now Concorde) he was executed.
法国的英文名词
法国的英文名词一、名词：France1. 英语释义：a country in Western Europe.2. 短语- France team（法国队）- the history of France（法国历史）- France culture（法国文化）3. 用法：通常作为专有名词，在句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：France is famous for its wine.（法国以其葡萄酒而闻名。
）4. 双语例句- I want to visit France next year.（我想明年去法国旅游。
）- France has a long coastline.（法国有漫长的海岸线。
）二、名词：Frenchman/Frenchwoman（法国人，单数形式，复数分别为Frenchmen/Frenchwomen）1. 英语释义：a native or inhabitant of France.2. 短语- a young Frenchman（一个年轻的法国人）- Frenchmen in Paris（在巴黎的法国人）3. 用法：可在句中作主语、宾语等。
例如：The Frenchman speaks English very well.（这个法国人英语说得很好。
）4. 双语例句- A Frenchwoman showed us the way to the museum.（一位法国女士给我们指了去博物馆的路。
）- These Frenchmen are good at cooking.（这些法国人擅长烹饪。
）三、名词：French（法语；法国人，作“法国人”时是集合名词）1. 英语释义- as a language: the Romance language spoken in France and parts of Switzerland, Belgium, etc.- as people: the people of France.2. 短语- speak French（说法语）- French class（法语课）- French literature（法国文学）3. 用法- 表示“法语”时，是不可数名词。
法国大革命的特点是什么
法国大革命的特点是什么法国大革命(法文：La Révolution française，英文：The French Revolution)法国特定历史时期，是1789年7月14日在法国爆发的革命，统治法国多个世纪的君主制在三年内土崩瓦解。
下面是本人分享的法国大革命的特点是什么，一起来看看吧。
法国大革命的特点从1789年7月14日巴黎人民攻占巴士底狱到1830年7月革命，至此法国大革命才彻底结束。
法国大革命历时41年，漫长而曲折。
就其规模而言，如暴风骤雨，迅猛异常。
人民群众在三次起义中都显示了伟大力量，每当在革命的转折关头，都推动革命向前发展。
人民群众积极参加革命，使革命得以彻底进行。
成果卓著法国大革命是一场深刻的社会革命，它结束了法国一千多年的君主专制统治，在法国初步确立了共和国的政治体制。
这场大革命还震撼了欧洲的君主专制制度，给它们以沉重的打击。
影响深远这次革命扫荡了法国的专制势力。
在经济上为法国的工业革命创造了条件。
它对法国社会的思想观念、文化教育等方面产生了深远的影响。
这场大革命的彻底性更为以后的各国革命树立了榜样，它动摇了欧洲其他国家君主专制制度的基础，因而具有世界意义。
规模最大同时代其他国家和地区革命激烈的程度与影响的广泛、深远程度均不及法国大革命，因此说18世纪的法国大革命是革命时代规模最大、最彻底的一次革命。
法国大革命的影响对国内法国大革命是一次广泛而深刻的政治革命和社会革命，从巴黎人民攻占巴士底狱到热月政变，法国大革命经历了五年的历程，其势如暴风骤雨，迅猛异常。
在三次起义中，人民群众都显示出伟大的力量，一再把革命从危机中挽救过来，并推动它进一步向前发展，它彻底地结束了法国一千多年的君主专制制度，传播了自由民主平等的思想。
法国大革命摧毁了法国君主专制统治，传播了自由民主的进步思想，对世界历史的发展有很大影响。
对世界法国大革命是世界近代史上规模最大，最彻底的革命，它摧毁了法国的君主专制制度，震撼了整个欧洲大陆的封建秩序，传播了自由民主的进步思想。
英文介绍一个国家：法国
320米高的埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎 的标志。它建于1889年。
The Eiffel Tower
• The Eiffel Tower, built in 1889 by architect Eiffel design.
• the Eiffel Tower is built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the French revolution and meet the international fair held in Paris, after the completion of the controversial co-branded protest walks, 300 people, including a famous writer zola and small 1824.
凯旋门这座庞大的建筑同时也是世界上最著名的街道香榭丽舍田园大道leschampselysees的大门由于它特殊的位置和历史凯旋门成为继艾菲尔铁塔之后巴黎的又一个标志性历史建筑
Do You want to live here?
The first station--Pairs
Paris is a beautiful city. For centuries this city has attracted the admiration of the world. The allure and charm of Paris captivate all who visit there.