计算机专业英语三ComputerEnglish.ppt
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计算机专业英语
2
练习
将下列英文语句翻译成中文
1. The first computers were programmed in machine language, but during the first computer generation, the idea of programming language translation and high-level languages occurred. 2. Transistors are smaller and less expensive than vacuum tubes, and they operate faster and produce less heat.
Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
练习
将下列英文翻译成中文
The ENIAC was a major advancement for its time. It was the first general-purpose, electronic computing machine and was capable of performing thousands of operations per second. It was controlled, however, by switches and plugs that had to be manually set. Thus, although it was a general-purpose electronic device, it did not have a stored program. Therefore, it did not have all the characteristics of a computer .
计算机专业英语
计算机专业英语
第一章 计算机科学
Computer science
Warm up
How do you define computer science? What did we learn about computer science? What are the basic disciplines about computer science? Applications?
Text One Philosophy of computer science
A number of computer scientists have argued for the distinction of three separate paradigms in computer science. Peter Wegner argued that those paradigms are science, technology, and mathematics. Peter Denning's working group argued that they are , abstraction (modeling), and design. Amnon H. Eden described them as the "rationalist paradigm" (which treats computer science as a branch of mathematics, which is prevalent in theoretical computer science, and mainly employs deductive reasoning), the "technocratic paradigm" (which might be found in engineering approaches, most prominently in software engineering), and the "scientific paradigm" (which approaches computer-related artifacts from the empirical perspective of natural sciences, identifiable in some branches of artificial intelligence).
第一章 计算机科学
Computer science
Warm up
How do you define computer science? What did we learn about computer science? What are the basic disciplines about computer science? Applications?
Text One Philosophy of computer science
A number of computer scientists have argued for the distinction of three separate paradigms in computer science. Peter Wegner argued that those paradigms are science, technology, and mathematics. Peter Denning's working group argued that they are , abstraction (modeling), and design. Amnon H. Eden described them as the "rationalist paradigm" (which treats computer science as a branch of mathematics, which is prevalent in theoretical computer science, and mainly employs deductive reasoning), the "technocratic paradigm" (which might be found in engineering approaches, most prominently in software engineering), and the "scientific paradigm" (which approaches computer-related artifacts from the empirical perspective of natural sciences, identifiable in some branches of artificial intelligence).
《计算机专业英语》谢希仁第二版-第5章讲义PPT课件
在一个程序序列中每个程序是由用户单独启动的但程序之间并非相互独立只有当前一程序执行成功后下一个程序的执行才有意义但由于程序是独立启动的它们之间相互的接口由用户明确设定
Computer English
Chapter 5 Operating System
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1
Key points: Function and structure of
entrust v.委托
criteria n.标准
constraint n.约束, 强制, 局促 partition vt.分区
apriori 预先,事前
perceive v.感知, 感到, 认识到
suboptimal adj.未达最佳标准的
preemption n.抢占
sequential adj. 顺序的,串行的 concurrent adj.并发的, 并行的
在资源分区方式中，操作系统预先决定把哪些资源分配给某个 用户计算使用，这种方法也称为静态分配，因为分配是在程序 执行前进行的。静态资源分配易于实现，但由于它不是从程序 的实际需要出发，而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定，所 以容易导致系统利用率下降。
.
10
5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
.
12
5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
In the partitioned resource allocation approach, the OS decides on the resources to be allocated to a program based on the number of resources and the number of programs in the system. For example, an OS may decide that a program can be allocated 1 MB of memory, 2000 disk blocks and a monitor. Such a collection of resources is referred to as a partition. In effect, a set of partitions can be predefined in the system. The resource table can have an entry for each resource partition. When a new program is to be started, an available partition is allocated to it.
Computer English
Chapter 5 Operating System
.
1
Key points: Function and structure of
entrust v.委托
criteria n.标准
constraint n.约束, 强制, 局促 partition vt.分区
apriori 预先,事前
perceive v.感知, 感到, 认识到
suboptimal adj.未达最佳标准的
preemption n.抢占
sequential adj. 顺序的,串行的 concurrent adj.并发的, 并行的
在资源分区方式中，操作系统预先决定把哪些资源分配给某个 用户计算使用，这种方法也称为静态分配，因为分配是在程序 执行前进行的。静态资源分配易于实现，但由于它不是从程序 的实际需要出发，而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定，所 以容易导致系统利用率下降。
.
10
5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
.
12
5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
In the partitioned resource allocation approach, the OS decides on the resources to be allocated to a program based on the number of resources and the number of programs in the system. For example, an OS may decide that a program can be allocated 1 MB of memory, 2000 disk blocks and a monitor. Such a collection of resources is referred to as a partition. In effect, a set of partitions can be predefined in the system. The resource table can have an entry for each resource partition. When a new program is to be started, an available partition is allocated to it.
中职计算机专业英语教学课件Lesson 1 What Is a Computer
9
Words and Expressions
10
Words and Expressions
11
Words and Expressions
1. Since the technology is developing rapidly nowadays ... 由于当今科技发展迅速…… since 在这里表示“由于”的意思，引导原因状语从句， 例如： Since we are going to have our final exam, we should get well prepared. 由于快考试了，我们要做好充分的准备。
6．Computers really do a lot of favor to our daily life. 电脑 确实在我们日常生活中帮了大忙。 do a favor to sb.意思是“帮……一个忙”，例如： The box is too heavy for me to carry. Can you do me a favor? 这个盒子太沉了我拿不动。你能帮我个忙吗?
6
Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?
The first computer in the history was named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946. It was quite huge and expensive. Ordinary people cannot afford it. Later on, since the contribution of human being’s intelligence, computers are becoming smaller and less expensive. Even ordinary people like you and me can afford it today.
Words and Expressions
10
Words and Expressions
11
Words and Expressions
1. Since the technology is developing rapidly nowadays ... 由于当今科技发展迅速…… since 在这里表示“由于”的意思，引导原因状语从句， 例如： Since we are going to have our final exam, we should get well prepared. 由于快考试了，我们要做好充分的准备。
6．Computers really do a lot of favor to our daily life. 电脑 确实在我们日常生活中帮了大忙。 do a favor to sb.意思是“帮……一个忙”，例如： The box is too heavy for me to carry. Can you do me a favor? 这个盒子太沉了我拿不动。你能帮我个忙吗?
6
Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?
The first computer in the history was named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946. It was quite huge and expensive. Ordinary people cannot afford it. Later on, since the contribution of human being’s intelligence, computers are becoming smaller and less expensive. Even ordinary people like you and me can afford it today.
计算机专业英语Unit 3
ABC is easy to learn (an hour or so for someone who has already programmed), and yet easy to use. Originally intended as a language for (A. beginners B. beginning) 3) __A____, it has evolved into a powerful tool for beginners and experts alike. Some features of the language: a powerful collection of only 5 data types that can (A. easily be combined B. easy be combined ) 4) ____A_; strong typing, yet without declarations ; no limitations (such as max int), apart from sheer exhaustion of memory ;
2. Listen and choose the proper words or expressions.
refinements to support top-down programming nesting by indentation programs typically one fourth or one fifth the size of the
behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.
Hale Waihona Puke The earliest programming languages predate the i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_o_f_t_h_e_c_o_m__p_u_te_r , and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an _i_m_p_e_r_a_ti_ve_ style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support _f_u_n_c_ti_o_n_a_l p__ro_g_r_a_m_m__in_g_ or ___lo_g_ic__p_ro_g_r_a_m__m_in_g______, use alternative forms of description.
2. Listen and choose the proper words or expressions.
refinements to support top-down programming nesting by indentation programs typically one fourth or one fifth the size of the
behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.
Hale Waihona Puke The earliest programming languages predate the i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_o_f_t_h_e_c_o_m__p_u_te_r , and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an _i_m_p_e_r_a_ti_ve_ style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support _f_u_n_c_ti_o_n_a_l p__ro_g_r_a_m_m__in_g_ or ___lo_g_ic__p_ro_g_r_a_m__m_in_g______, use alternative forms of description.
计算机专业英语第三章
计算机专业英语
》》
UNIT THREE
keep track of 明了 free adj.自由的，免费的，空闲的 multiprogramming 多道程序 allocate vt.分派，分配 reclaim vt.要求归还，收回 no longer 不再 terminate v.停止，结束，终止
n.资源，财力，办法，智谋
计算机专业英语
》》
UNIT THREE
Memory Management Functions Keep track of the memory. What parts are in use and by whom? What parts are free? If multiprogramming, decide which process gets memory, when it gets it and how much. Allocate the memory, and reclaim the memory when the process no longer needs it or has been terminated.
计算机专业英语
》》
UNIT THREE
4. A user communicates with the operating system through . a. instructions c. hardware b. a program d. a command language 5. The operating system is loaded by . a. the command processor b. a boot c. the program loader d. an interrupt
《计算机专业英语(第4版)》Unit 1 Hardware Knowledge
• Gates did not have a definite study plan while a student at Harvard and spent a lot of time using the school's computers.
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计算机专业英语第4版
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• Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000.
• He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect.
• In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
four basic units of simplified computer: the input unit, central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and output unit.
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1.2 Computer Development
1.2.1 Text A • The hardware of a digital computer system
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• Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000.
• He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect.
• In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
four basic units of simplified computer: the input unit, central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and output unit.
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计算机专业英语第4版
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1.2 Computer Development
1.2.1 Text A • The hardware of a digital computer system
计算机专业英语课件Unit01
1.2 Section B: The Internet of Things
• Words
• bidding[ˈbidiŋ] n. 吩咐，投标 • brew[bruː] v. 煮(咖啡)，酿制(啤酒)，沏(茶) • gadget[ˈgædʒit] n. 小装置，小器具 • downtime[ˈdauntaim] n. 停止运行时间 • crumble[ˈkrʌmbl] v. 坍塌，损坏 • impending[imˈpendiŋ] adj. 即将发生的，迫在眉
1. Public cloud is a cloud environment in which all cloud infrastructure and computing resources are dedicated to, and accessible by, one customer only. 2. The private cloud provider owns, manages, and assumes all responsibility for the data centers, hardware, and infrastructure 3. Multicloud is the use of two or more public clouds together with a private cloud environment. 4. Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud environments. 5. SaaS is application software that's hosted in the cloud and that you access and use via a Web browser, a dedicated desktop client, or an API that integrates with your desktop or mobile operating system.
计算机专业英语Unit1
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Instruction to Computers
Section 1 Situational Dialogue
Computer Festival 1、你们学校有计算机协会吗？如果有，会开展哪些和计 、你们学校有计算机协会吗？如果有， 算机相关的社团活动？ 算机相关的社团活动？ 2、如果由你是计算机协会会长，负责组织一次大学生电 、如果由你是计算机协会会长， 脑节，你将如何规划？ 脑节，你将如何规划？
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Instruction to Computers
Section 2 Passage A：Evolution of Computers ：
1、什么是计算机？ 、什么是计算机？ 2、计算机的发展史是怎样的？ 、计算机的发展史是怎样的？ 3、计算机是如何分类的？ 、计算机是如何分类的？
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A
• Categories of Computers
Micro Computer Also called personal computers, computers that can perform all of its input, process, output, and storage activities by itself.
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A
• processing speed • workstation • supercomputer • mainframe • CPU • micro computer • analytical engine • vacuum tube • ENIAC • IBM • machine language
unit 1 computerscience_2 计算机系统概论(双语课件)专业英语课件
• Text • Numeric values • Images • Audio • and video
Boolean Operation
• Bits are stored and manipulated inside computer .
• 1=true • 0=False • Manipulating bits as called Boolean
NOT Gate
AND Gate
Gates
• A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when give the operation’s input values is called a “Gate”.
Data Storage
By Suresh Foreign Teacher East China Institute of Technology
Data Storage
• Data Representation and storage of data within a computer.
The Types of data we will consider
• Gates provide the building blocks from which computer are constructed one important step in this direction .
Flip-Flops
• Collection of circuit are know as flip-flops. • A flip-flop is a circuit that produces an
• Indeed, technology know as Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI).
Boolean Operation
• Bits are stored and manipulated inside computer .
• 1=true • 0=False • Manipulating bits as called Boolean
NOT Gate
AND Gate
Gates
• A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when give the operation’s input values is called a “Gate”.
Data Storage
By Suresh Foreign Teacher East China Institute of Technology
Data Storage
• Data Representation and storage of data within a computer.
The Types of data we will consider
• Gates provide the building blocks from which computer are constructed one important step in this direction .
Flip-Flops
• Collection of circuit are know as flip-flops. • A flip-flop is a circuit that produces an
• Indeed, technology know as Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI).
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Many Special Terms 1. terms: certain ones eg. bus, track, jumper;
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
Sentences
and its structure
The combination of the microprocessor and other densely packed chips (used for storage and input/ output operation) forms modern microcomputers, (which are more powerful than large computers of earlier generations.)
台式计算机 笔记本电脑 平板电脑 PC NC PDA
Computer’s Basic Components
case / cabinet monitor / display screen keyboard
character key numeric key, functional key
mouse speaker printer
8．Image
9．hacker 10．firewall
h．视频
i．图形 j．黑客
Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese．
(将下列各段翻译成汉语）
Electronic commerce is the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products and services and information via computer networks using any of the applications that rely on the Internet，such as electronic data interchange (EDI)，e-mail，electronic bulletin boards，fax transmissions，and electronic funds transfer.
Many long sentences Many passive sentences Many imperative sentences
1. 2.
Translation Skills
1. Addition (增译) Eg. This hard disk is of higher capacity than is actually needed. 这个硬盘的容量比实际所需要的 硬盘容量 大。 2. Reduction(减译) Eg. If the hard drive fails, the contents of the hard drive may be lost. 如果硬盘出现问题，则 里面的内容 就会丢失。
I. II.
III.
Characteristics of Computer English
Words and phrases
abbreviations eg. CPU (Central Processing Unit), MIS (Management information system); new compositions eg. input (in+put), output(out+put), feedback(feed+back)
3.
4. 5. 6.
Passive Voice（英）
Active Voice(中)
Eg. In the second generation, Vacuum tubes of computer were replaced by transistors. 第二代的计算机，晶体管替代了真空管。
Ordering （顺译） Eg. Generally, few of the components in a name-brand computer are manufactured by that company---the company uses components manufactured by others, and puts its label on the computer case.
Computer English
程时娟 Janney
Hardware
Software
Requirements: Presence 30% Participations in activities & homework 20% Final Exam 50%
Contact ways QQ 2575344472 &Email Chatting in break time
Basic Organization of Computers
•
10. 企业之间的电子商务交易方式
(二) 1．router 2．hub 3．switch 4．Multimedia 5．audio 6．video 7．graphics a．音频 b．图像 c．集线器 d．路由器 e．防火墙 f．交换机 g．多媒体
通常，品牌机的部件很少是由该公司生产的---该公司使用其 他厂家生产的部件，并将自己的商标贴在机箱上。
Tips for learning
My suggestion
Reading
rf. Your specialized knowledge rf. Characteristics of computer E
rf. Vocab. & Diary
Sorting
Noting
Exercises
Computer’s
types
desktop computer laptop computer tablet computer personal computer network computer personal digital assistant
1.c 2.g 3.a 4.f 5.d. 6.b 7.i 8.e 9.i 1.d 2.c 3.f 4.g 5.a 6.h 7.i 8.b 9.j 10.e