口腔医学专业《大学英语大纲专升本》

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口腔专业英语教学大纲

口腔专业英语教学大纲

口腔专业英语教学大纲课程基本信息课程名称(中、英文):口腔专业英语 Stomatological Technical English 课程号(代码):50306220、50306320(7年制)50300920(5年制)课程类别:专业课学时:64(七年制)32(五年制)学分:4(七年制)2(五年制)内容学习内容包括口腔内科学(牙体牙髓病学、牙周病学、粘膜病学)、口腔修复学、口腔颌面外科学专业词汇及用法。

Teaching Outline for Professional English For Operative dentistry/Endodontics /periodontics/Oral Medicine口腔内科学专业英语教学大纲For the Students of Five-Year and Seven Year Classesof the West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityDept. of conservative dentistry, West China College of Stomatology of Sichuan University四川大学华西口腔医学院口腔内科教研室2005年6月2006年9月修订一、教学目的及要求:Objective of the course is to train the students in reading, translating, apprehending and writing of professional English in the field of Cariology, Endodontology, Periodontology and Oral Medicine. The students will be required pre-reading the text, listening the teachers’ lecture and complete assigned homework. After each lesson, the students should be able to thoroughly understanding the context, remembering the related professional terms, bring forward questions and answer by their own. based on the text.The teachers’desire is to teach not only the professional knowledge, but also the professional English skills as a tool of catching up international modern advances in the field of Cariology, Endodontology, Periodontology and Oral Medicine for the students of the West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University.二、教学内容(各章节主要内容、学时分配及重点、难点)The course will be delivered in 12 units of lectures, each in 2 hours.Lesson 1. Clinical Features Of Dental CariesTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the characteristic features of dental cariesRecognize the characteristic features of root surface caries and occlusal caries.Be familiar macroscopic features and Surface features of the clinical ‘white spot’ lesionLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:dental caries n. 龋white spot lesion 白恶班损害facet-area n. 面,面区dental floss 牙线brown spot lesion棕褐色的,褐色班损害remineralization 再矿化interproximal a. 邻面perikymata n 釉面横纹discoloration n. 变色fissure caries 沟裂,沟裂龋focus n. 病灶groove-fossa system 窝沟系统Lesson 2. Stages And Steps In Cavity PreparationTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the proper stages and steps in cavity preparation.Recognize the initial stage and the final stage of cavity preparationBe familiar with the concept of outline form, initial depth, resistance form, retentionform, convenience form, final procedures.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:cavity preparation 制备,洞型制备,预备outline form 外形,洞缘形resistance form 抗力形retention form 固位形convenience form 便利形varnishing n. 上洞漆conditioning 指修复前的一些准备工作cavosurface angle 洞缘角air syringe 喷枪、注射机,气枪cling 附着microleakage 微漏Lesson 3. Amalgam RestorationsTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept of AmalgamRecognize Class 1 and 2 preparations and insertion techniques for dental amalgam.Be familiar with advantages and disadvantages of dental amalgamLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:amalgam n. 汞合金faciolingual a. 面舌的,颊舌的resin fissure sealant树脂窝沟封闭剂marginal ridge a. 边缘嵴mesiodistally adv. 近远中向地etchant n. 刻蚀剂slot restoration 开槽性修复round bur 钻针,球钻handpiece n. 牙科用手机Lesson 4 . Initial Endodontic Treatment ProblemsTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand symptoms, clinical signs, prognosis and treatment of reversible pulpitis, irreversible pulpitis, acute periapical inflammation.Recognize three categories of endodontic treatment problemsBe familiar with symptoms, clinical signs, prognosis and treatment of chronic periapical inflammation.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:r eversible pulpitis 可复性牙髓炎analgesic n. 止痛药sequela n. 后遗症irreversible pulpitis 不可复性牙髓炎broach 髓针pulpotomy n. 牙髓切断术formocresol n. 甲醛甲酚ubperiosteal adj. 骨膜下的intraseptal adj. 间隔内的interligamentary adj. 韧带内的exudates 渗出物,渗出液radiolucency 射线透射性Lesson 5. Rationale and Application of Endodontic Therapy Teaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand root canal preparation, obturation of the root canal.Recognize surgical procedures.Be familiar with the definition of rationaleLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:rationale n 基本原理,理论基础sepsis n. 脓毒症apicoectomy n. 根尖切断术file n. 锉reamer n. 扩大针obturation 封闭gutta percha 牙胶root perforation根管穿孔curettage n. 刮除术root resection 根尖切除术hemisection n. 半切术Lesson 6. Nonsurgical Treatment for Endodontic Emergencies Teaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the diagnosis for Endodontic EmergenciesRecognize the electric pulp test, thermal tests, percussion and palpationBe familiar with a philosophy of EndodonticsLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:chief complaint 主诉electric pulp test 牙髓电活力测试neuralgia n. 神经痛hydrodynamic theory 流体动力学说thermal test 温度诊percussion n. 叩诊palpation n. 扪诊periosteum n. 骨膜purulent adj. 化脓的Lesson7 . Examination of the PeriodontiumTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept , and concent of periodontal examination .the examinatin og the gingiva and periodontal pocketsRecognize How to determin the activity of periodontal diseaseBe familiar with the determination of the attachment lossLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinesecorrectly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentenceschosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writingin English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:Periodontium 牙周组织supragingival plaque 龈上菌斑stipple 点彩periodontal pocket 牙周袋supraybony 骨上的infrabony 骨下的bleeding on probing 探诊出血juvenile periodontitis 青少年牙周炎mucogingival junction 膜龈联合gingival sulcus 龈沟Notes1)give rise to 导致,造成2).penetrate into 插入3)confuse with 把与混淆Lesson 8. Clinical Features of GingivitisTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:1Understand what changes will occur when gingiva was inflamed. How do you describe the manifestation of gingivitis. What are the color changes in the gingivitis.Recognize the reasons coused the changes of clinical features of gingivitisBe familiar with the classification of gingivitis,the definition of recessionLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:gingivitis 牙龈炎acute gingivitis 急性牙龈炎subacute gingivitis 亚急性牙龈炎recurrent gingivitis 复发性龈炎chronic gingivitis 慢性牙龈炎localized gingivitis 局限性牙龈炎generalized ginginvitis 广泛性牙龈炎marginal gingivitis 边缘性龈炎papillary gingivitis 龈乳头炎diffuse gingivitis 弥散性牙龈炎gingival bleeding 牙龈出血acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 急性坏死溃疡性龈炎herpetic gingivostomatitis 疱疹性龈口炎pigmentation 色素沉着edematous 水肿的recession 退缩Self-study:the eiology of the clinical changes of gingivitis.the histopathologic changes in gingival consistencyLesson 9. Supragingival Scaling TechniqueTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand.the characteristic of supragingival scaling and subgingival scaling.the instruments of supragingival scaling 、subgingival scaling and root planning.Recognize ultrasonic scaling techniqueBe familiar with how to ues the instrumants of the supragingival scaling and subgingival scaling,the evaluation of scaling and root planing.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:supragingival scaling 龈上洁治术subgingival scaling 龈下洁治术root planing 根面平整sickle 镰形器curette 匙形器hoe 锄形器chisel 凿modified pen grasp 改良握笔式finger rest 支点overlapping 叠瓦式的Lesson 10. Aphthous ulcersTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept ,clinical feature and types of recurrent aphthous ulcersRecognize the synonyms , etiology, course and treatment principle of recurrent aphthous ulcers.Be familiar with the triggering factors ,the associated diseases, histopathology and laboratory diagnosis ,differential diagnosis of recurrent aphthous ulcers.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:Disease terms: aphthae(口疮,小溃疡), crohn’s disease(克罗恩病,局限性肠炎), herpangina(疱疹性咽峡炎), Behcet’s disease( 白塞氏病),herpes simplex virus(单纯疱疹病毒),sialometaplasia(涎腺化生),fixed drug eruption(固定性药疹),coldsore(感冒疮),lymphadenopathy(淋巴结病),dermatoses(皮肤病),canker sore 口腔溃疡,papule(丘疹)。

专升本大学英语教学大纲

专升本大学英语教学大纲

专升本大学英语教学大纲第一篇:专升本大学英语教学大纲专升本大学英语教学大纲一、教学对象教学对象是我校专升本非英语专业的学生。

学生在听、说、读、写、译等方面受过专门训练。

二、教学目的大学英语教学是高等教育的一个有机组成部分,大学英语课程是大学生的一门必修的基础课程。

大学英语教学是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容,以外语教学理论为指导,并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。

大学英语的教学目标是培养学生英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流,同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养,以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。

大学英语课程要开拓思路,拓展教学方向,满足我校的特色人才培养的需求,实现培养应用型创新型和复合型高级人才的目标。

三、教学要求我校的本科生通过2学年4个学期的大学英语教学,应达到《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的较高要求的英语能力。

较高要求的英语能力要求如下:1.听力理解能力:能够基本听懂来自英语国家人士的谈话和讲座,能听懂题材熟悉、篇幅较长的国内英语广播或电视节目,语速为每分钟150词左右。

能基本听懂外国专家用英语讲授的专业课程。

能掌握其中心大意,抓住要点。

2.口语表达能力:能够和来自英语国家的人士进行比较流利的会话,较好地掌握会话策略,能基本表达个人意见、情感、观点等,能基本陈述事实、事件、理由等,表达思想清楚,语音、语调基本正确。

3.阅读理解能力:能基本阅读英语国家报刊杂志的一般性题材的文章,阅读速度为每分钟80词,在快速阅读篇幅较长的材料时,阅读速度达到每分钟120词,能就阅读材料进行略读或寻读。

能够基本读懂自己专业方面的综述性文献,并能正确理解中心大意,抓住主要事实和有关细节。

4.书面表达能力:能写日常应用文,能写自己专业论文的英语摘要,能借助参考资料写出与专业相关、结构基本清晰、内容较为丰富的报告和论文,能描写各种图表,能就一定的话题在半小时内写出160词的短文,内容完整,条理清楚,文理通顺。

2024专升本英语考试大纲

2024专升本英语考试大纲

2024专升本英语考试大纲English: The 2024 English exam syllabus for the upgrading course toa bachelor’s degree includes comprehensive coverage of language skills such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Students are expected to demonstrate proficiency in understanding and analyzing various texts, including academic articles, news reports, and literary works. They must also be able to write coherently and persuasively, using a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. The syllabus also emphasizes the development of listening and speaking abilities, with a focus on effective communication and pronunciation. In addition, students are required to have a strong grasp of English grammar and syntax, and to be able to apply this knowledge in a variety of contexts.中文翻译: 2024年专升本英语考试大纲包括对阅读、写作、听力和口语等语言能力的全面覆盖。

《医学专业英语》考试大纲

《医学专业英语》考试大纲

《医学专业英语》考试大纲英文名称:Medical English学时:计划学时72;理论课学时72;实验学时0;理论课与实验课比例为72:0。

学分:4适用专业:临床医学本科前驱课程要求:大学英语一、课程性质与简介:《医学专业英语》课程是针对我院临床医学专业大学本科生开设的公共必修课程。

课程以培养全面素质为基础,力求体现以能力为本位和培养职业能力为主的指导思想,旨在使临床医学专业大学本科生经过基础英语阶段的学习之后,继续巩固和不断提高英语的语言能力,掌握医学英语的基本特点和表达习惯,以医学英语为工具,从事医学的学习、研究、交流和实践。

二、课程学习目标:《医学专业英语》教学要求学生通过学习课文熟悉传统经典的医学英语文章的风格、式样,即通常以某种常见病为题,包括疾病的定义、病因病理、诊断治疗及预防等,语言不复杂,句子结构规范,如同科技文章,但较多涉及专业内容,接近临床实践。

并要求学生能正确理解和翻译此类文章,包括英译中、中译英。

三、课程考核形式、内容及要求:评价形式:形成性评价和终结性评价。

1.形成性评价(随时记录在形成性评价记录本上)形成性评价目的在于及时了解学生平时学习情况,对所学知识的理解、掌握、运用能力。

以便教师有针对性地改进教学,更好地完成教学任务。

并且督促学生按时听课、做好预习和复习,扎实掌握本课程内容,具体形式如下:1、平时测验:每学期每班布置2次医学词汇翻译、2次医学段落翻译2、平时作业:每学期每班布置2次医学词汇翻译、2次医学段落翻译3、平时表现:考勤及其他形成性评价方式(二) 终结性评价终结性评价(即期末考试)是在形成性评价的基础上,对学生学习情况和学习效果进行的一次全面检测和总结。

考试题型、题量和分值:2.词汇翻译:20题;1题1分,共20分3.选词填空:20题;1题1分,共20分3、完形填空:10题;1题1分,共10分4、阅读理解:10题;1题2分,共20分5、段落翻译:1题;共30分考试形式:笔试考试时间:120分钟。

2020年普通专升本《大学英语》考试大纲

2020年普通专升本《大学英语》考试大纲

2020年普通专升本《大学英语》考试大纲本考试的目的是选拔部分高职高专毕业生升入普通本科高校继续进行相关专业本科阶段学习,考查考生是否具有运用各项基本英语技能的能力以及学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度,既测试学生的综合能力,也测试学生的单项技能。

一、考试科目名称:《大学英语》二、考试方式:笔试、闭卷三、考试时间:120分钟四、试卷结构:总分100分1.英语应用(共25分)词汇和语法(其中词汇10题,语法15题;每题1分,共25题)2.阅读理解(共45分)篇章1.[选择题,4选1]5题(每题2分,共10分)篇章2.[选择题,4选1]5题(每题2分,共10分)篇章3.[选择题,4选1]5题(每题2分,共10分)篇章4.[选择题,4选1]5题(每题2分,共10分)*篇章5.[填充题]5题(每题1分,共5分)3.英译汉(共20分)单句翻译:[选择题,3选1]5题(每题2分,共10分)段落翻译:1个段落(共10分)4.写作(共10分)1篇[短文或信函](10分)五、考试的基本要求以《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求(试行)》中的B级标准(听力部分除外)为基本要求,注重考核学生实际运用语言的能力。

六、考试范围1.词汇。

掌握2500个英语单词以及由这些词构成的常用词组,对其中1500左右的单词能正确拼写,英汉互译。

2.语法。

掌握基本的英语语法规则,在听、说、读、写、译中能正确运用所学语法知识。

3.阅读。

能阅读中等难度的一般题材的简短英文资料,理解正确。

在阅读生词不超过总词数3%的英文资料时,阅读速度不低于每分钟50词。

能读懂通用的简短实用文字材料,如信函、产品说明等,理解基本正确。

4.翻译(英译汉)。

能将中等偏下难度的一般题材的文字材料和对外交往中的一般业务的英文材料译成汉语。

理解正确,译文达意,格式恰当。

5.写作。

能运用所学词汇和语法写出简单的短文;能用英语填写表格和简短的英语应用文,如便函、简历、通知等。

专升本《大学英语》大纲及样题(10.9.14更新)

专升本《大学英语》大纲及样题(10.9.14更新)

专升本《大学英语》大纲及样题(10.9.14更新)2010级《大学英语》(二)课程教学大纲课程编号: 2 课程性质:必修课课程名称(中文):大学英语课程适用专业:非英语专业(英文):College English 课程适用层次:专升本课程类型:公共基础课先修课程:专科/高中英语一学年最少学时:144(夜大);96(函授)学分:9二、成绩评定学生成绩单上反映的应该是学生一学期以第二学期末统一考试,由继续教育学院确定考试时间和组织考试。

3.试卷结构1)题型:试卷分为客观题和主观题两大类题型。

客观题包括:词汇与结构、完型填空、阅读理解,占总分的80%;主观题包括:翻译和写作,占20%。

2)试卷结构描述4.模拟题(该试卷主要用于展示题型和难度)Model Test Paper(本试卷共有五大题,满分100 分,考试时间120 分钟)I. Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Part ADirections: There are two columns in this section. Match the words in Column A with their explanations in Column B. Write your answers in the box on the ANSWER SHEET.Column A Column B1. fuel A. 地基;基础2. consume B. 仅仅;几乎不能3. distribution C. 魅力;魔力4. decade D. 主持5. favorable E. 适度的;谦虚的6. modest F. 燃料7. barely G. 赞成的;有利的8. foundation H. 分配9. glamour I. 十年10. host J. 消耗Part BDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center..1.John did quite well in his exams, ___________ how little he had studied.A. includingB. judgingC. consideringD. being2.Two men ____________ her and pushed her to the ground.A. grabbedB. foundC. oversawD. underlay3.The authorities have refused to _________ him a visa to visit the U.S..A. deliverB. grantC. appointD. permit4.The __________ of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they got.A. majorityB. banquetC. drivewayD. confines5.It is a great __________ to know that the children were safe.A. emissionB. reliefC. standardD. drain6.At the border you will be asked about your _________ and how long you plan to stay.A. automobileB. AssetC. implicationD. destination7.Don’t ____________ your Accounts Department to manage the cash flow for you.A. rely onB. care forC. be based onD. be responsible for8.Two hundred people showed up for the wedding, about 50 more than we ____________ planned.A. frequentlyB. originallyC. actuallyD. madly9.Everyone is rushing around trying to get things done—we all need to ____________ and take it easy.A. slow downB. cut downC. trade inD. depend on10.For the first time, she realized the ___________ danger of her situation.A. highB. swiftC. potentialD. prior11.There isn’t __________ food in the house.A. noneB. noC. someD. any12.The number of the class ___________ limited to fifteen.A. have beenB. isC. areD. were13.“I don’t like to travel.”“Have you ever ___________ in an airplane?”A. flyingB. flewC. flowedD. flown14.Perhaps it will be a long time ___________ from abroad.A. when Tom comes backB. when Tom will come backC. before Tom comes backD. that Tom comes back15.He is more diligent than ___________ in his class.A. all the studentsB. anyoneC. any other studentD. everyone16.Americans eat ___________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many17.If we don’t start out now, we’ll have to risk ____________ the train.A. missB. missingC. being missedD.to miss18.It is of much importance that you ____________ here on time.A. beB. shall beC. are to beD. must be19.Mike’s uncle insists ____________ in this hotel.A. stayingB. not to stayC. that he would not stayD. that he not stay20._____________ he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.A. As soon asB. As well asC. So far asD. As long asII.Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part, you will read 4 passages. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneDespite all the glamour and glitz of the Oscars there is a good reason for people to be there, not for the films, but for the dresses. And short of wearing a dazzling dress you can actually win an award, and sometimes people will remember you. If you want to be noticed, and more importantly if you want to be on the front page of the next day’s newspapers, you need to give a good speech. But the trick is this, you don’t really have to sound special, in fact you can be anything you want to be, as long as it’s entertaining.There are many ways in which you can grab attention at the Oscars. But there are some who specifically use the ceremony and all the attention it receives, to make themselves heard. Year 2002 was filled with tension over the Iraq war. The only person that night to discuss the war was Adrien Brody, making his speech for winning Best Actor for The Pianist.Let’s face it, the Oscar moments weremember best are the ones when our strong and noble actresses fall foul of their emotions. In 1998, Gwyneth Paltrow picked up a well-deserved Best Actress for Shakespeare in Love. She was universally laughed at for crying throughout her speech, but considering that her grandfather was on his death bed, the woman should really have been excused for becoming so emotional.Despite the Academy’s attempt at being the most important thing on stage it is always individual performances that steal the show. In 1991, Jack Palance got up on stage to pick up his Oscar for Best Supporting Actor (for City Slicker) and in an effort to show off his physique at the age of 71, he began a set of one armed pushups, much to the delight of the audience.1.What can make those attending the Oscars appear on the front page of the next day’s newspaper?A. Sounding special.B. The films theystarredC. Their smiles.D. An entertaining speech2.Who made a speech about war when he/she got the award?A. OscarsB. Gwyneth PaltrowC. Adrien BrodyD. Jack Palance3.What did Gwyneth Paltrow do when she delivered her speech?A. She didn’t say a word on the stage.B. She refused to go to the stage to accept the award.C. She broke into tears and cried throughout her speech.D. She told the audience that her grandfather had just died.4.How did Jack Palance impress the audience at the ceremony?A. He did a set of one armed pushups.B. He danced as a professional ballet dancer.C. He got up on the stage to grab the award.D. He told a joke he invented himself.5.What is the passage mainly about?A. How to make yourself heard at the Oscar ceremony.B. How to make a speech at the Oscar ceremony.C. How to be fashionable at the Oscar ceremony.D. How to be noticed at the Oscar ceremony.Passage TwoMore than two thirds of consumers reported that they are combining their shopping trips, and 39 percent say they are staying home more often and cutting down on non-essential living expenses to offset the cost of gas, according to a new survey.Black motorists, many like Duane Stewart, are adjusting to the gas price shock in numerous ways. They are carpooling, using mass transit more frequently, scaling back on vacations, riding bicycles, and even walking more often. Other motorists are purchasing fuel-efficienthybrid cars or seeking to convert their cars to use fuel alternatives such as alcohol and, oddly enough, vegetable oil. Some motorists who rely on vehicles daily to do their jobs are cutting back on driving to complete tasks. They are using the Internet more to conduct business, and combining trips or relocating to shorten their trips.For most Americans, giving up the car is not an option. It’s part of their businesses. No matter how expensive it gets, they have to pay it. When it comes to cutting high gas prices, African-Americans are making lifestyle changes to cope, but economists forecast that higher gas prices and increases in the cost of living will continue. Here are a few changes you can make to save money at the gas pump:●Switch to alternative forms of travel such as bicycles, public transportation, carpools, walking or even golf carts.●Consider making your next car purchasea hybrid or E-85 (alcohol-based) vehicle.●Use teleconferences, e-mail or the Internet instead of driving to business meetings.●Slow down. You will use less gas if you stay at or below 55 mph on the highway.6.According to the survey, the consumers ________.A.s tay at home to do their workB.like to do shopping near their housesC.s pend more on non-essential livingexpensesD.a re cutting down on the expenses of gas7.To adjust to the gas price shock, Duane Stewart does the following EXCEPT _________.A. CarpoolingB. Riding bicyclesC. Shopping less oftenD. Walking more often 8.The motorists who rely on vehicles daily are using ________ more to conduct business. A. fuel alternatives B. the Internet C. telephones D. vegetable oil9. How important is the car to most Americans?A. Their business cannot be done without it.B. It’s an option.C. It’s the only vehicle they rely on.D. It makes their life convenient.10. Economists forecast that ___________.A. gas prices will dropB. African-Americans will change their lifestyleC. gas prices and living cost will continue to riseD. more Americans will put their money in the bankPassage ThreeWhen you walk down a well-stocked supermarket passage in the U.S., it seems hard to believe that about 840 million people worldwide, including 200 million children, do not have enough food to eat each day. Females require an average of 2,200 calories a day minimum, while males need about 2,500—3,000calories.Believe it or not, the world’s 1 billion farmers produce about 3,800 calories of grain, meat, and other food products per person per day—more than enough to feed everyone under the sun. Over the past four decades, the world’s food supply has grown even faster than the population, thanks to fertilizers, pesticides, and improved farming techniques. Plants become more fruitful and resistant to drought, insects and diseases.So why are so many people still starving? The answer is pure and simple: distribution—getting food to the right places. Many poor countries do not grow enough food to feed their own residents. And their governments can’t afford to pay for imported foods. Wars, inadequate transportation systems, as well as droughts, floods, and other natural disasters also affect the food supply.Even if getting food to the hungry were not a problem, population experts would still worry:what effect will billions of people have on the environment?Every day, each of us taps into the Earth’s resources, not only for food and water, but also for energy, land, shelter, clothing and other life necessities. The U.S., with only 5 percent of the world’s population, consumes 25 percent of the world’s fossil fuels. As our need for living space increases, we move into the habitats of many other species, endangering their survival. At the same time, we pollute land, air, water, and even outer space.The world’s growing population is putting unbelievably great stress on resources and intense pressures on the environment, says Henry Kendall, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “We are putting our future in danger”, he warns.11. In the well-stocked American supermarket, ________A. it is hard to find the food you like mostB. you won’t believe that some people are still starvingC. you cannot buy everything you need for your daily lifeD. it is hard to believe that you won’t get the best service12. Over the past four decades, the world’s food supply has grown __________ the population. A. more slowly than B. as fast asC. faster thanD. twice faster than13. Why are many people still starving?A. Because their governments refuse to import foods for them.B. Because they are not hard working.C. Because they don’t have enough land to grow food.D. Because food is not distributed to them.14. What effect does the large population have on the environment?A. It has polluted the environment.B. It is putting great stress on resources.C. The resources are almost used up.D. Both A and B.15. What is the passage mainly about?A. The problems the growing population is facing.B. The history of world’s population.C. The ways to increase food supply.D. The environmental protection.Passage FourI first realized I have a problem while hiking in the Himalayas. There I was—11,000 feet above sea level, walking along narrow dirt paths among wild cows and Buddhist monks when I spotted a sign in front of a little store: “Internet access inside.”Soon, I was reading stupid jokes forwarded via e-mail by friends back home. Then I felt a sudden distress: What’s wrong with me? I’m in maybe the most beautiful place on earth, yet I’m huddled in a small room without any fresh air, staring at a computer monitor. Did I really hike all this way to do what I really already spend toomuch time doing back home?Most nights, my girlfriend and I sit on the sofa, watching television on one of hundreds of digital cable channels. We each have a notebook computer—linked to the Internet through a wireless network—in our laps. Moreover, our cell phones sit within easy reach. At any given moment, we can watch TV, check our e-mail, surf various websites and chat with a friend.But wouldn’t it be nice every now and then to have a pleasant one-on-one conversation? Sure, it happens, but the more we’ve gotten used to keeping all this stuff turned on, the harder it gets to turn any of it off. I am completely involved in a lifestyle that lets me access the Web anywhere, anytime. Living this way is a blessing and a curse. This kind of life cannot be imagined a decade ago.A recent American Online survey found that 60 percent of e-mail users check theirs on vacation. Forty percent have clicked on their in-boxes in the middle of the night; 23 percenthave actually checked e-mail in bed, in their night-suit. And 4 percent have checked e-mail in the bathroom! When getting on line begins to compete with basic bodily functions, I’d say we’re losing perspective.16. What did the sign “Internet access inside”mean?A. You may connect to the Internet inside.B. Internet access is free of charge inside.C. There is no Internet access in the store.D. Visitors cannot access the Internet inside.17. What did the author feel when sitting in the computer room?A. Glad.B. Distressed.C. Disappointed.D. Free18. What do the writer and his girlfriend usually NOT do in the evening?A. Watching televisionB. Making or answering phone callsC. Logging in to the Internet.D. Talking to each other.19. We can conclude from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that __________.A. We need more convenient communication.B. Our life is lack of one-on-one conversation.C. Our lifestyle is not much different from that a decade ago.D. We can work at home once our computer is linked to the Internet.20. According to the American Online survey, the Internet _________.A. has brought pleasure to our lifeB. has kept us in touch with others wherever we areC. has shortened our sleeping timeD. has interfered (妨碍) with our relaxationIII.Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEETwith a single line through the center.For years, experts suspected that gender makes a big difference in depression. Studies from New York to New Zeland have repeatedly found the ___1___ startling statistic: About twice as many women as men suffer ___2___ depression. That finding was considered one of the basic facts of modern ___3___ health. Yet is has recently come under attack from critics who, concerned about under-reporting of male depression, are ___4___ a question: Do men actually experience it as much as women ___5___?Harvard psychologist William Pollak, PhD, is leading the charge against the huge depression gender ___6___. Director of the Center for Men at McLean Hospital, Pollack ___7___ that men’s rate of depression may be nearly equal to ___8___. Just look at suicide ___9___, he says: Male suicides outnumber females ___10___ four to one.1.A. strange B. same C. different D. huge2.A. from B. in C. at D. of3.A. physical B. mental C. ill D. good4.A. discussing B. answering C. considering D. raising5.A. do B. suffer C. get D. take6.A. difference B. role C. gap D. issue7.A. describes B. doubts C. suggests D. argues8.A. the number B. it C. women’s D. women9.A. attacks B. rates C. bombing D. notes10.A. for B. from C. by D. withIV.Translation (10%)Directions: There are 5 Chinese sentences to be translated. Put them into English, using the wordsor expressions given in the brackets. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1.好多方面你都跟你的爸爸很相近。

口腔医学专业英语大纲

内科Lesson 1. Clinical Features Of Dental CariesTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the characteristic features of dental cariesRecognize the characteristic features of root surface caries and occlusal caries.Be familiar macroscopic features and Surface features of the clinical ‘white spot’ lesionLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:dental caries n. 龋white spot lesion 白恶班损害facet-area n. 面,面区dental floss 牙线brown spot lesion棕褐色的,褐色班损害remineralization 再矿化interproximal a. 邻面perikymata n 釉面横纹discoloration n. 变色fissure caries 沟裂,沟裂龋focus n. 病灶groove-fossa system 窝沟系统Lesson 4 . Initial Endodontic Treatment ProblemsTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand symptoms, clinical signs, prognosis and treatment of reversible pulpitis, irreversible pulpitis, acute periapical inflammation.Recognize three categories of endodontic treatment problemsBe familiar with symptoms, clinical signs, prognosis and treatment of chronic periapical inflammation.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:r eversible pulpitis 可复性牙髓炎analgesic n. 止痛药sequela n. 后遗症irreversible pulpitis 不可复性牙髓炎broach 髓针pulpotomy n. 牙髓切断术formocresol n. 甲醛甲酚ubperiosteal adj. 骨膜下的intraseptal adj. 间隔内的interligamentary adj. 韧带内的exudates 渗出物,渗出液radiolucency 射线透射性Lesson 5. Rationale and Application of Endodontic Therapy Teaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand root canal preparation, obturation of the root canal.Recognize surgical procedures.Be familiar with the definition of rationaleLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:rationale n 基本原理,理论基础sepsis n. 脓毒症apicoectomy n. 根尖切断术file n. 锉reamer n. 扩大针obturation 封闭gutta percha 牙胶root perforation根管穿孔curettage n. 刮除术root resection 根尖切除术hemisection n. 半切术Lesson 6. Nonsurgical Treatment for Endodontic Emergencies Teaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the diagnosis for Endodontic EmergenciesRecognize the electric pulp test, thermal tests, percussion and palpationBe familiar with a philosophy of EndodonticsLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:chief complaint 主诉electric pulp test 牙髓电活力测试neuralgia n. 神经痛hydrodynamic theory 流体动力学说thermal test 温度诊percussion n. 叩诊palpation n. 扪诊periosteum n. 骨膜purulent adj. 化脓的Lesson7 . Examination of the PeriodontiumTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept , and concent of periodontal examination .the examinatin og the gingiva and periodontal pocketsRecognize How to determin the activity of periodontal diseaseBe familiar with the determination of the attachment lossLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinesecorrectly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentenceschosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writingin English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:Periodontium 牙周组织supragingival plaque 龈上菌斑stipple 点彩periodontal pocket 牙周袋supraybony 骨上的infrabony 骨下的bleeding on probing 探诊出血juvenile periodontitis 青少年牙周炎mucogingival junction 膜龈联合gingival sulcus 龈沟Notes1)give rise to 导致,造成2).penetrate into 插入3)confuse with 把与混淆Lesson 8. Clinical Features of GingivitisTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:1Understand what changes will occur when gingiva was inflamed. How do you describe the manifestation of gingivitis. What are the color changes in the gingivitis.Recognize the reasons coused the changes of clinical features of gingivitisBe familiar with the classification of gingivitis,the definition of recessionLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:gingivitis 牙龈炎acute gingivitis 急性牙龈炎subacute gingivitis 亚急性牙龈炎recurrent gingivitis 复发性龈炎chronic gingivitis 慢性牙龈炎localized gingivitis 局限性牙龈炎generalized ginginvitis 广泛性牙龈炎marginal gingivitis 边缘性龈炎papillary gingivitis 龈乳头炎diffuse gingivitis 弥散性牙龈炎gingival bleeding 牙龈出血acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 急性坏死溃疡性龈炎herpetic gingivostomatitis 疱疹性龈口炎pigmentation 色素沉着edematous 水肿的recession 退缩Self-study:the eiology of the clinical changes of gingivitis.the histopathologic changes in gingival consistencyLesson 9. Supragingival Scaling TechniqueTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand.the characteristic of supragingival scaling and subgingival scaling.the instruments of supragingival scaling 、subgingival scaling and root planning.Recognize ultrasonic scaling techniqueBe familiar with how to ues the instrumants of the supragingival scaling and subgingival scaling,the evaluation of scaling and root planing.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:supragingival scaling 龈上洁治术subgingival scaling 龈下洁治术root planing 根面平整sickle 镰形器curette 匙形器hoe 锄形器chisel 凿modified pen grasp 改良握笔式finger rest 支点overlapping 叠瓦式的Lesson 10. Aphthous ulcersTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept ,clinical feature and types of recurrent aphthous ulcersRecognize the synonyms , etiology, course and treatment principle of recurrent aphthous ulcers.Be familiar with the triggering factors ,the associated diseases, histopathology and laboratory diagnosis ,differential diagnosis of recurrent aphthous ulcers.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:Disease terms: aphthae(口疮,小溃疡), crohn’s disease(克罗恩病,局限性肠炎), herpangina(疱疹性咽峡炎), Behcet’s disease( 白塞氏病),herpes simplex virus(单纯疱疹病毒),sialometaplasia(涎腺化生),fixed drug eruption(固定性药疹),cold sore(感冒疮),lymphadenopathy(淋巴结病),dermatoses(皮肤病),canker sore 口腔溃疡,papule(丘疹)。

2024年专升本英语考试大纲

2024年专升本英语考试大纲一、考试目的专升本英语考试旨在考查考生的英语语言基础知识、基本技能以及综合运用英语语言的能力,为升入本科院校继续学习提供保障。

二、考试内容(一)词汇考生应掌握约 3500 个基础英语单词和 500 个左右习惯用语及固定搭配,并能根据构词法自主扩展词汇量。

(二)语法1、名词:名词的数、名词的所有格。

2、代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。

3、数词:基数词、序数词。

4、冠词:定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。

5、形容词和副词:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法。

6、动词:动词的时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时。

动词的语态:主动语态和被动语态。

非谓语动词:动词不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)。

7、情态动词:can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, shall, should, will, would 等的用法。

8、虚拟语气:if 条件句中的虚拟语气,wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气等。

9、介词:常用介词的基本用法。

10、连词:并列连词和从属连词的用法。

11、句子:句子种类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

简单句、并列句和复合句:宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

(三)阅读理解1、能读懂题材熟悉、难度适中、体裁多样的英语短文。

2、理解文中主旨要义,理解文中具体信息,根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义,做出简单判断和推理,理解文章的基本结构,理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

(四)翻译1、能够将一般性题材的英语句子或段落翻译成汉语,译文基本准确,通顺。

2、能够将汉语句子或段落翻译成英语,译文基本符合英语语法和表达习惯。

(五)写作1、能根据所给题目和要求撰写一篇 120 词左右的英语短文。

《英语》专升本考试大纲(2019年)

《英语》专升本考试大纲(2019年)一、考试方式:闭卷考试二、考试时间:120分钟三、考试总分:100分四、考试范围1.英语基础知识运用考查考生对英语语法、词汇知识和较为简单表达方式的掌握情况。

2.阅读理解能力考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、作出简单判断和推理、理解作者的意图和态度、根据上下文推测生词词义以及理解文章的基本结构的能力。

3.翻译能力能恰当地运用参考书目中所学的单词、词组和句型翻译句子。

4.应用文写作能力掌握感谢信、邀请信、祝贺信、道歉信、投诉信、求职信、推荐信等英语应用文的基本写作格式、结构和常用句型,注重词汇和语法的使用准确性,文章要求有连贯性和逻辑性。

五、考试题型选择题、填空题、阅读理解题、翻译题、作文题等。

六、参考教材:1.《大学英语综合教程I》,宋乃康主编,陕西人民教育出版社,2009年3月第1版。

2.《大学英语综合教程Ⅱ》,宋乃康主编,陕西人民教育出版社,2010年。

《计算机基础》专升本考试大纲(2019年)一、考试方式:闭卷考试二、考试时间:100分钟三、考试总分:100分四、考试范围:1.计算机基础知识(1)计算机的发展、类型及其应用领域。

(2)计算机系统的组成;微型计算机硬件系统的组成及主要技术指标;中央处理器的组成及功能;存储器功能和分类;常见输入输出设备的功能和使用方法;软件系统的组成;系统软件和应用软件的基本概念。

(3)计算机语言的分类;计算机中数据的表示、存储与处理;进制的概念及数制间的相互转换。

(4)多媒体技术概念与应用。

(5)计算机安全,病毒的预防与消除使用知识。

2.操作系统的功能和使用(1)操作系统的基本概念、功能和分类。

(2)Windows7操作系统的基本概念和常用术语:文件、文件夹、库等。

(3)Windows7操作系统文件及文件夹的相关操作(新建、复制、移动、删除、查找、重命名、更改属性、隐藏等操作)。

(4)Windows7操作系统桌面外观的设置:任务栏、桌面背景、分辨率、屏幕保护等相关操作及设置。

牙医大专推荐大学英语教材

牙医大专推荐大学英语教材大专学院的牙医专业是培养和训练口腔医疗技术人员的重要渠道。

随着社会的发展和国际交流的增加,英语作为一种国际通用语言,对于牙医学生的学习和职业发展起着至关重要的作用。

因此,选择合适的大学英语教材对牙医学生的学习具有重要意义。

一、综合英语教材对于牙医专业的学生来说,综合英语教材是打基础的重要选择。

综合英语教材通常会涵盖语法、词汇、听力、口语和写作等方面的内容,能够全面提升学生的英语综合运用能力。

1.《大学英语》《大学英语》是一套经典的综合英语教材,广泛应用于国内高校。

该教材分为四个级别,适合不同层次的学生使用。

其中包含大量的例句、语法解析和练习题,能够帮助学生巩固英语基础,提高阅读和写作能力。

2.《新编大学英语》《新编大学英语》是另一套常用的综合英语教材,也分为四个级别。

教材内容较为贴近实际生活和职业需求,涵盖了丰富的听力材料和口语练习,有助于培养学生的沟通能力和交际技巧。

二、医学英语教材由于牙医专业的特殊性,医学英语教材可以更有针对性地帮助学生掌握与口腔医疗相关的专业词汇和知识。

1.《医学英语》《医学英语》是一本专门针对医学类专业学生编写的英语教材,内容涵盖了各个医学领域的词汇和概念,并提供了相关的例句和练习。

对于牙医学生来说,这本教材是学习医学英语的宝贵工具。

2.《口腔医学英语》《口腔医学英语》是一本针对口腔医学专业学生设计的英语教材,内容包括口腔解剖学、牙科材料学、种植学等具体领域的英语表达。

通过学习这本教材,牙医学生可以更准确地理解和运用口腔医学英语。

三、英语专业教材如果牙医大专学生打算将来从事与英语相关的工作,英语专业教材则是他们不可或缺的选择。

1.《英语专业导论》《英语专业导论》是培养英语专业学生综合素质的教材,内容涵盖了英语语言学、翻译学、文学与文化等方面的知识。

这本教材能够帮助学生了解英语专业的基本概念和发展趋势,为以后深入学习打下坚实基础。

2.《英语写作》《英语写作》是针对学习英语专业写作技巧的学生而设计的教材,内容包括写作理论、写作技巧和范文欣赏。

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口腔医学专升本?大学英语?考试大纲
一、课程名称:大学英语
二、适用专业:非英语专业〔公共课〕
三、考试方法:闭卷考试
四、考试时间:100分钟
五、试卷结构:总分100分。

本考试包括五个局部:词汇与结构、阅读理解、完型填空、翻译、写作。

六、参考书目:
1、?新视野大学英语?读写教程〔1-2册〕〔第三版〕,郑树棠主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2021年第三版;
2、?新视野大学英语?综合训练〔1-2册〕〔第三版〕,郑树棠主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2021年第三版。

七、考试的根本要求:大学英语是非英语专业专升本考试根底课考试内容,是非英语各专业的根底必修课程。

本考试按?大学英语课程教学要求?测试应试者单项和综合语言能力,重点考查考生应用英语语言知识和根本理论解决实际问题的能力。

八、考试范围:科学、客观的考查大纲中所规定的读、写、译综合应用能力。

九、考试题型
1、词汇与语法〔Part I: Vocabulary and Structure〕〔20分〕
1)测试要求:
a.掌握根底阶段认知词汇〔3500~4000〕,并能正确、熟练运用其中的3000~3500个单词及其最根本的搭配。

b.掌握并能正确运用根本语法内容。

c.考试时间15分钟。

2)题型参考:
本局部采用单项选择,共20道题,每题1分,共20分。

题中约70%为词汇、词组和短语用法题,其余为语法结构题。

2、完型填空〔Part II: Cloze〕〔15分〕
1)测试要求:
a.能在全面理解所给短文内容的根底上,选择一个最正确答案使短文意思和结构恢复完整。

b.考试时间15分钟。

2)参考题型:
本局部采用多项选择题。

在一篇约200个单词、题材熟悉、难度中等的短文中选择填空。

共15道题,每题1分,共15分。

填空内容涉及词汇和语法语篇知识。

3、阅读理解〔Part III: Reading Comprehension〕〔30分〕
1)测试要求:
a.能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料及新闻报道。

b.能掌握所读材料的主旨大意,了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节;既理解字面意义,又能根据所读材料进行判断和理解;既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系。

c.考试时间25分钟。

2)参考题型:
本局部由两篇短文组成,难度为大学英语四级的阅读水平。

共10小题,每题3分,共30分。

要求学生根据文章内容及隐含意义在规定时间内完成所涉内容。

4、翻译〔Part IV : Translation〕〔20分〕
1〕测试要求:
a、能熟悉掌握各种表达式和句子结构,完成句子之间的英汉互译。

b、掌握翻译技巧,译文根本流畅,使用正确的语法知识和语言表达习惯。

2〕参考题型:
此题为英译汉及汉译英,共10小题,每题2分,共20分。

考试时间为15分钟。

5、写作(Part V: Writing)〔15分〕
1)测试要求:
学生能够根据所给的标题及要求完成一篇120—150词的英语文章。

该作文要求语言通顺,用词得体,结构合理,意义表达明确。

2〕参考题型:
题型由标题和要求组成。

要求应试者看题作文。

一小题,共15分。

考试时间为30分钟。

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