美国文学史复习资料
1
1 美国文学史复习1（colonialism)
第一部分 殖民主义时期的文学
一、时期综述
1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位
3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝
4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William
begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。
6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南：
1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution)
(2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质：
The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家：
1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题
3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 2
2 4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。
6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、
7）The Way to Wealth 致富之道 The Autobiography自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 2、Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因 1737-1809 "Great Common of Mankind" 最平凡的人 1）famous pamphlet "Common Sense" 著名的政治小册子《常识》 it boldly advocated a "Declaration for Independence", and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. 拥护独立宣言，是分裂活动发展成最后危机。
2）"American Crisis" 《美国危机》，signed "Common Sense" (p31,第一段） The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 3、Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊 1）drafted the Declaration of Independence. 起草了独立宣言 2）与清教徒不同，主张追求幸福。All Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness. 人人生而平等，他们都从―造物主‖那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
美国文学简史期末复习考试资料
i. The Colonial Period
1. 关键词: America Puritanism
2. Calvinism特点: total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement,
Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints
3. Anne Bradstreet( P17 ): a Puritan poet be known as “The Muse”
4. Thomas Paine: one of continual, unswerving fight for the rights of man.
works: “Common Sense” “American Crisis” “The Rights of Man” “The Age of
Reason”理性时代
5. Phillip Freneau(P22): 美国文学史上的重要人物
dawning nationalism 代表人物
Poems: The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
first modern American & the last medieval man
6. Jonathan Edwards( Calvinism )
a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening
works: “The Freedom of the Will” 《自由意志论》 “The Great Doctrine of
Original Sin Defended” 《伟哉原罪论辩》 “The Nature of True Virtue”
“American Dream” “Self-made”
7. Benjamin Franklin(puritanism)
美国文学史期末复习资料全
美国⽂学史期末复习资料全
美国⽂学（本科）试题5I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases and
put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each)
1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at
Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 .
2. became the first American writer.
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the values that dominated much of the early American writing.
4. In American literature, the 18th century was an age of and Revolution.
5. Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece.
6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet appeared.
7. The signing of symbolized the birth of an independent American nation.
8. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was .
9. Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win international fame.
美国文学史复习汉语版
美国文学史复习1（colonialism)
第一部分? 殖民主义时期的文学
一、时期综述
1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记
2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：
1）their voyage to the new land
2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops
3) About dealing with Indians
4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit
3、清教徒的思想：
1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式
2) Wish?to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology.
重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位
3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who
challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝
4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize
the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
美国文学史复习要点手动
美国文学史复习要点手动
1.早期美国文学（17世纪-18世纪）
-早期美国文学的发展受到清教徒移民和殖民地环境的影响。
-早期作品主题包括宗教信仰、苦难和恐惧。
-著名作家有威廉·布拉德福和乔纳森·爱德华兹。
2.启蒙时期文学（18世纪）
-美国启蒙时期的文学受到欧洲启蒙思想的影响。
-作品主题包括理性、自由和平等。
-著名作家有本杰明·富兰克林和汤玛斯·潘恩。
3.罗曼主义时期文学（19世纪早期）
-罗曼主义时期美国文学反对启蒙时期的理性主义。
-作品主题包括个人感情、自然和超自然。
-著名作家有华盛顿·欧文和爱默生。
4.特拉华文学（19世纪中期）
-特拉华文学是19世纪中期美国文学的重要流派。
-作品主题包括农民和工人的生活以及美国西部探险精神。
-著名作家有赫尔曼·梅尔维尔和华尔特·惠特曼。
5.现实主义和自然主义时期文学（19世纪末-20世纪初）
-现实主义和自然主义时期的文学关注社会问题和个人命运。 -作品主题包括工业化、城市化和阶级冲突。
-著名作家有马克·吐温和斯蒂芬·克莱恩。
6.现代主义时期文学（20世纪初-中期）
-现代主义时期的文学反对传统形式和价值观。
-作品表现迷失、不安和心理困惑。
-著名作家有欧内斯特·海明威和F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德。
7.后现代主义时期文学（20世纪中期-现在）
-后现代主义时期的文学拒绝一切形式的正统和稳定性。
-作品表现多样化的语言和视觉实验。
-著名作家有托尼·莫里森和大卫·福斯特·华莱士。
美国文学期末复习资料
美国文学期末复习资料
美国文学期末复习资料
美国文学是一门广泛而深入的学科，涵盖了从殖民地时期到现代的众多作品和作家。为了帮助大家复习期末考试，本文将以不同的主题和时期为线索，介绍一些重要的美国文学作品和相关知识。
一、殖民地时期的文学
在殖民地时期，美国文学主要以宗教为主题，反映了早期殖民者的信仰和生活。《普利茅斯纪事》是美国文学史上的里程碑之一，它记录了普利茅斯殖民地的建立和早期的困难。另外，约翰·史密斯的《弗吉尼亚史诗》和威廉·布拉德福的《普利茅斯植民地纪事》也是重要的作品。
二、启蒙时代的文学
启蒙时代是美国文学的重要时期，这一时期的作品反映了人们对自由、理性和独立思考的追求。本杰明·富兰克林是启蒙时代的代表人物，他的《贫穷理性者的儿子》和《自传》都是重要的作品。此外，托马斯·潘恩的《常识》和托马斯·杰斐逊的《独立宣言》也是这一时期的重要文献。
三、浪漫主义时期的文学
浪漫主义时期是19世纪美国文学的高峰期，作家们开始关注个人情感和内心体验。华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传奇》和爱德加·爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》是这一时期的代表作品。此外，纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》和赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》也是不可忽视的作品。
四、现实主义时期的文学
现实主义时期是19世纪末到20世纪初的文学运动，作家们开始关注社会问题和人类命运。马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和斯蒂芬·克莱恩的《红字》是这一时期的代表作品。此外，亨利·詹姆斯的《国际象棋之家》和埃德蒙·威尔逊的《了不起的盖茨比》也是重要的作品。
五、现代主义和后现代主义时期的文学
现代主义和后现代主义时期是20世纪美国文学的重要阶段，作家们开始挑战传统的叙事方式和观念。欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》和威廉·福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》是现代主义时期的代表作品。而托尼·莫里森的《亲爱的》和大卫·福斯特·华莱士的《无限的玩笑》则代表了后现代主义时期的文学作品。
六、女性主义文学
(完整版)美国文学史总结
Ⅰ Colonial America(17th century) 殖民主义时期文学
1. In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on
the new continent for Indians.
Character of colonial literature:
a. content: religious, political
b. form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal
literature)
c. Style: simple. direct, concise
d. out of humble origins
Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began
the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.
The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards,
Italians and Portuguese.
The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,
Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)
2. Captain Town Smith, the first American writer
3. Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期美国作品主导思想.
美国文学复习资料整理打印
美国文学复习资料整理打印
美国文学复习资料
1.The literature of colonial American at the beginning of the
seventeeth century.美国文学史的
开始17世纪初
2.The first American writer Captain John Smith第一个美国作家约翰。史密斯船长
3.early new England literature, puritan values---hard work,
thrift, piety and sobriety.
清教徒价值观——努力工作、节俭、虔诚和节制。
4.John Smith 约翰-史密斯；
作品A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of
Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of
That Colony. 真正的关系等值得注意的事件
和事故所以来发生在弗吉尼亚殖民地第一种植。
A Map Of V irginia with a Description of the Country维吉尼亚州的地图描述
5. William Bradford; ---------of Plymouth plantation
威廉·布拉德福德;- - - - - - -普利茅斯种植园
John Winthrop----------the history of new England
约翰·温思罗普- - - - - - - - - - -新英格兰的历史
6.Anne Dudley Bradstreet------the tenth muse lately sprung
up in America
安妮布莱德思特-------第十缪斯最近在美国兴起
7.Edward T aylo r----the best of the puritan poets
美国文学史整理资料
ColonialPeriod殖民时期
Background:Puritanism背景：清教主义
1.featuresofPuritanism特征宿命论:上帝决定一切之前发生的事情
(1).Predestination:Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.
(2).Originalsin:Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbe
passeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.原罪论:人类生来就是邪恶,这原罪
(3).Totaldepravity性恶说有限的赎罪:可以通过一代一代
(4).Limitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.只有选举才能得救
2.Influence影响
(1).Agroupofgoodqualities–hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety(seriousand
thoughtful)influencedAmericanliterature.一群好的品质——努力工作、节俭、
虔诚、节制(严重的和深思熟虑的)美国文学的影响。(2).Itledtotheeverlastingmyth.Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.
它导致了永恒的神话。所有的文学是基于一个神话——伊甸园。(3).Symbolism:theAmericanpuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschiefly
instrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.
象征意义:美国清教徒的隐喻认知模式主要是在调用形成一个文学象征这是典型
的美国人。关于他们的写作,风格清新,简单而直接,修辞是平原和诚实的,(4).Withregardtotheirwriting,thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;therhetoricis
美国文学史期末考试复习资料
美国⽂学史期末考试复习资料
Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’)
1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______ was thedominant.
2.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named______.3.Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism?4.The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the ____ attitude of its author.5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by _____.6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.9._____ is not among those greatest figures in “Lost Generation”.
10.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing b ecomes lessserious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more ____.
美国文学期末重点复习资料
美国文学
一． 术语解释
1， Transcendentalism(超验主义):
简略版：It started in 1830s in US; which emphasis on spirit or oversoul and stressing
importance of the individual; regarding nature as symbols of the spirit or God. It took
idea from the romantic literatures of Europe, from Neo-Platonism and so on. Emerson
was its representative.
深层次版：American Transcendentalism: the emergence of the Transcendentalists as
an identifiable movement took place during the late 1820s and 1830s, but the roots of
their religious philosophy extended much farther back into American religious history.
Transcendentalism and evangelical Protestantism followed separate evolutionary
branches from American Puritanism, taking as their common ancestor the Calvinism
of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and