2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一 12014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 万学海文 教研中心英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have
a(n) 4 impact on our professional , social ,and personal 5 .
Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and
the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 .Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that
drive intelligence is inherited. 11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate __12_ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step __13__ and developed the first “brain training Program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental __14__.
The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths
you are developing-much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your
muscle use.
1. [A] where [B] when [C] that [D] why 2. [A] improves [B] fades [C] recover [D] collapses 3. [A] unless [B] while [C] once [D] if 4. [A] damaging [B] limited [C] uneven [D] obscure 5. [A] relationship [B] environment [C] welling [D] outlook 6. [A] figures [B] finds [C] points [D] turns 7. [A] responses [B] roundabout [C] workouts [D] associations 8. [A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions 9. [A] channel [B] sequence [C] process [D] condition 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一 210. [A] feature [B] excel [C] persist [D] believe 11. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] Therefore 12. [A] instead of [B] according to [C] apart from [D] regardless of 13. [A] further [B] back [C] aside [D] around 14. [A] framework [B] stability [C] flexibility [D] sharpness 15. [A] hurries [B] reminds [C] allows [D] forces 16. [A] hold [B] track [C] order [D] pace 17. [A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on 18. [A] constantly [B] habitually [C] irregularly [D] unusually 19. [A] put [B] carry [C] build [D] take 20. [A] idle [B] familiar [C] risky [D] effective
Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed, “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying,
2014高考英语全国卷1真题(完整版)
2014高考英语全国卷1真题(完整版)2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语注意事项：1.本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至13页。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，搭载本试卷上无效。
4.第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman want to do?A。
Find a placeB。
Buy a mapC。
Get an address2.What will the man do for the woman?A。
Repair her carB。
Give her a rideC。
Pick up an aunt3.Who might Mr。
Peterson be?A。
New professorB。
A department headXXX director4.What does the man think of the book?A。
Quite differentB。
Very interestingC。
Too simple5.What are the XXX?A。
XXXB。
ClothesC。
News第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2014年考研《英语一》答案（完整版）
1. where 2. fades 3. While 4. limited 5. well-being 6. turns 7. workouts 8. functions 9. process 10. excel 11. However 12. according to 13. further 14. sharpness 15. allows 16. track 17. on 18. constantly 19. build 20. effective Text 1 21. B encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking 22. C to register for an allowance from the government 23. D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers 24. A uneasy 25. A The British welfare system indulges jobseeker’s laziness 点评：本篇⽂章摘⾃the Guardian(卫报)上题为“In language and action, there's a new brutalism in Westminster”的⼀篇评论⽂。
George Osborne提出“前期寻找⼯作”⽅案，⽬的是为了提⾼⼈民⽣活⽔平，减少其对于政府失业津贴的依赖。
接着分析他提出这⼀⽅案的动机及这⽅案的有效性，其中涉及失业者的⼼态和英国现有的福利政策。
本篇阅读有⼀定的难度，需要考⽣从作者的措辞和对于⼀些关键词的双引号准确推断出作者对于George Osborne的这⼀⽅案的态度。
选项设置有⼀定的混淆性。
Text 2 26. D the attraction of financial rewards 27. C Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major 28. B the rigid bodies governing the profession 29. A bans outsider’s involvement in the profession 30. C a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it 点评：本篇⽂章来⾃Economist(经济学⼈)，标题是America’s lawyers: Guilty as charged。
考研英语一及参考答案
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔一〕真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be. One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 . For women, the association may be12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be13 . It is hoped that future studies could14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18 .The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1. A. pauses B. return C. peaks D. fades2. A. alternatively B. formally C. accidentally D. generally3. A. while B. since C. once D. until4. A. detection B. accumulation C. consumption D. separation5. A. possibility B. decision C. goal D. requirement6. A. delay B. ensure C. seek D. utilize7. A. modify B. supported C. included D. predicted8. A. devoted B. compared C. converted D. applied9. A. with B. above C. by D. against10. A. lived B. managed C. scored D. played11. A. ran out B. set off C. drew in D. went by12. A. superior B. attributable C. parallel D. resistant13. A. restored B. isolated C. involved D. controlled14. A. alter B. spread C. remove D. explain15. A. compensations B. symptoms C. demands D. treatments16. A. Likewise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Instead17. A. change B. watch C. count D. take18. A. well-being B. process C. formation D. coordination19. A. level B. love C. knowledge D. space20. A. design B. routine C. diet D. prescriptionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposinga significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares ______.A. will ease train operation’s burden.B. has kept pace with inflation.C. is a big surprise to commuters.D. remains an unreasonable measure.22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for ______.A. car driversB. rail travellersC. local investorsD. ordinary taxpayers23.It is indicated in 3 that train operators ______.A. are offering compensations to commuters.B. are trying to repair relations with the unions.C. have failed to provide an adequate service.D. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face ______.A. the loss of investment.B. the collapse of operations.C. a reduction of revenue.D. a change of ownership.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the textA. Who Are to Blame for the StrikesB. Constant Complaining Doesn't WorkC. Can Nationalization Bring HopeD. Ever-rising Fares Aren't SustainableText 2Last year marked the third year in a row of that Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.In 2022, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.That’s because economic growth can be correlated w ith environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2022 to 2022—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces. “We see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,〞Ferraro says.That’s likely because the rural poor ar e using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. Ferraro suggests the results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access. And regardless of tran sferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment. Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, “the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs〞.26. According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to ______.A.facilitate health care reform.B. help poor families get better off.C. improve local education systems.D. lower deforestation rates.27. The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that ______.A. cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.B. CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles.C. antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.D. economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.28. In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out ______.A. its acceptance level of CCTs.B. its annual rate of poverty alleviation.C. the relation of CCTs to its forest loss.D. the role of its forests in climate change.29. According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that ______.A. it will benefit other Asian countries.B. it will reduce regional inequality.C. it can protect the environment.D. it can boost grain production.30. What is the text centered onA. The effects of a program.B. The debates over a program.C. The process of a study.D. The transferability of a study.Text 3As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestorssmiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery). I’ve found quite a few, and — since I started posting them on Twitter — they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trendDuring the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the e xposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a che esy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,〞ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers migh t gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever〞.31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ______.A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians.B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image.D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography.32. What does author say about the Victorian portraits he has collectedA. They are in popular use among historians.B. They are rare among photographs of that age.C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.D. They show effects of different exposure times.33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890sA. Their inherent social sensitiveness.B. Their tension before the camera.C. Their distrust of new inventions.D. Their unhealthy dental condition.34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was ______.A. a deep-root belief.B. a misguided attitude.C. a controversial view.D. a thought-provoking idea.35. Which of the following questions does the text answerA. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographsB. Why did the Victorians start to view photographsC. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian periodD. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian normText 4From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive tofavor affiliated websites over their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2022. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2022, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like ATT favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2022 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2022 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,〞and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism.〞In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to pre empt individual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.36. There has long been concern that broadband provides would ______.A. bring web-based firms under control.B. slow down the traffic on their network.C. show partiality in treating clients.D. intensify competition with their rivals.37. Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC ______.A. sticks to an out-of-date order.B. takes an anti-regulatory stance.C. has issued a special resolution.D. has allowed the states to intervene.38. What can be learned about ATT from Paragraph 3A. It protects against unfair competition.B. It engages in anti-competitive practices.C. It is under the FCC’s investigation.D. It is in pursuit of quality service.39. Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision ______.A. focuses on trivialities.B. conveys an ambiguous message.C. is at odds with its earlier rulings.D. is out of touch with reality.40. What does the author argue in the last paragraphA. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.B. The FCC should be put under strict supervision.C. Rules need to be set to diversify online services.D. Broadband providers’ rights should be protected.Part B：Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictionsA recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:Better hiring practicesCompanies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,〞says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science and a computer science professor at the University of Washington. In addition, “41_____________〞One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.More effective marketingSome AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 42_________These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,〞says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.Saving customers moneyEnergy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. Domingos says, “43____________ 〞Improved accuracy“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,〞says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.〞44___________Protecting and maintaining infrastructureA number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,〞says Domingos. 45_______AAI replaces the boring parts of your job. If you are doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just would not have time for.BOne accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.CThere are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.DYou want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.EBefore, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost the company money.FWe’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.GAI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)World War Ⅱ was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies.(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education. (47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s. The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth: (48) in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second, growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third, growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake. For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years, (49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeshiprelationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution—this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s, European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:A foreign friend of yours has recently graduated from college and intends to find a job in China. Write him/her an email to make some suggestions.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end. Use “Li Ming〞instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) explain the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。
考研英语介绍
B节（5题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、 一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。 本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种 备选题型中选择一种进行考查。考生在答 题卡1上作答。
本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词 的文章，备选题型有：
1. 7选5 or 6选5 2. 排序题 3. 匹配题
务（0254），保险（0255），资产评估（0256）， 社会工作（0352），警务（0353），教育（0451），新闻与
传播（0552），出版（0553），艺术（1351）， 工程（0852），农业推广（0951），兽医（0952），风景园
林（0953），林业（0954），军事（1151）， 体育（0452），应用心理（0454），文物与博物馆（0651），
B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文（标 点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提 纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分 20分。
时间分配
英语知识运用 阅读A 阅读B 阅读50分钟
一、大纲解读
考研大纲从05年以来一直都没有本质性的 修改。因为作为一种高水准的语言测试， 按照国际标准来说一般应该在一定的时间 内持稳定的状况
考察重点：1.词汇（6-7分）
熟词生义、同义词辨析、词汇搭配
2. 篇章结构（2-3分）
例：At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.
三、如何突破考研英语
（一）最宝贵的资料 通过对真题的学习提高英语水平、提高语
言能力、提高应试技巧，最终提高我们的 考试分数。 对真题的使用应该是多层次的、彻底的、 全方位的 （关键是要把有用的语言点、知 识点进行提炼、分类、整理）
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国新课标卷Ⅰ英语试题
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(课标全国Ⅰ卷)第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。
1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a place.B.Buy a map.C.Get an address.2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her car.B.Give her a ride.C.Pick up her aunt.3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A department head.C.A company director.4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difficult.B.Very interesting.C.Too simple.5.What are the speakers talking about?A.Weather.B.Clothes.C.News.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试英语卷一真题2014年.doc
同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试英语卷一真题2014年(总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part I Oral Communi(总题数：2，分数：6.00)Dialogue One A. They had been in there for about 5 minutes B. It's theother man I'm talking about C. I thought you said there were three men Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with thegun，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, "Give me all your money" and the other one -Police officer:_____1______? Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. _____2_____the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy -Police officer: The one with the gun? urney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the otherpeople behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35.________3______ （分数：3.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.Dialogue Two A. Ilike a goodstory B. They still make movies like that C. People today don't like that Speaker A: I like watching old l movies and I think they are the best. Speaker B: I agree with you, eventhough they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color. Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies. Speaker B: No, there wasn't._______4_______ Speaker A: They like lots of action. Speaker B:_____5______ Speaker A:I like to see actors who are like real people. Speaker B:Like real people with real problems. Speaker A:___6____ Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB. I document everythingC. Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD. I do a lot of my shopping on the net now Interviewer:Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you? Interviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; myiphone5; and my Olympus digital camera.____7____: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch myeye as I walk past. Interviewer:What do you use your computer for? Interviewee:Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screennow and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. _____8______- there are some fantastic sites around now. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home? Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home._____9_____ - and on topof that they're always texting on their mobile phones! They play computergames when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't likedoing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision siteson the Internet. _____10_____- 15 minutes for a whole supermarket"visit"! That feels really good.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.三、Part ⅡVocabulary (10(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers. （分数：1.00）A.in the interest ofB.under the control ofC.for the sake ofD.at the cost of2.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressivelyproducers market it . （分数：1.00）A.vigorouslyB.effectivelyC.efficientlyD.rigorously3.Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity. （分数：1.00）A.in case thatB.in spite thatC.for fear thatD.in order that4.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality .（分数：1.00）A.imaginationB.impressionC.presentationD.expression5.Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years. （分数：1.00）A.pressureB.reflectionC.examinationD.attack6.The mayor has spent ahandsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .（分数：1.00）A.sufficientB.plentyC.considerableD.moderate7.His poor performance maybe attributed to the lack of motivation. （分数：1.00）A.caused byB.focused onC.taken forD.viewed as8.The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.（分数：1.00）A.encourageB.obtainC.publicizeD.advertise9.Conditions for the growth of this plant areoptimum in early summer. （分数：1.00）A.most acceptableB.most expressiveC.most favoriteD.most desirable10.She often says her greatest happinessconsists in helping the disadvantaged children. （分数：1.00）A.is proportionate toB.is composed ofC.lies inD.relies on四、Part III Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)Passage One Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can't afford.We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough forretirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums . The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March. Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates -but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional effortsto boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom.Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such asbudgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college studentsconducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found thatstudents who'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high schoolscored no better than those who hadn't. "We need to figure out how to do this the right way,"says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studyingfinancial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don't work.Agrowing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach isneeded. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, puttingreal money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about theemotions and social influences tied to how we spend . Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial andsocial pressures that affect purchasing decisions.Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? "It takes confidence to take a stand and to thinkdifferently," saysJerooBillimoria ,founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries ,aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives .”“This goes beyond money and savings"（分数：5.00）(1).The financial-literacy education is intended to________. （分数：1.00）A.help Americans to overcome the financial crisisB.enable Americans to manage money wiselyC.increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisD.renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-management(2).According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be_______. （分数：1.00）A.well-receivedB.costlyC.rewardingD.ineffective(3).Bysaying that "the financial-literacy movement has gained steam"(Para .3) ,theauthor means that the movement______. （分数：1.00）A.has gone through financial difficultiesB.has received much criticismC.has been regarded as imaginativeD.has been more and more popular(4).Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to ________. （分数：1.00）A.help students scorebetter in money-management coursesB.improve the social awareness of financial educationC.carry out financial-literacy education properlyD.manage money in a more efficient way(5).Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree thatcommercial and social pressures makeone's purchasing decisions________. （分数：1.00）A.difficultB.feasibleC.unwiseD.acceptablePassage Two Cheating is nothing new,But today,educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent -and are less likely to be punished - than in the past . Cheating appears to have gainedacceptance among good and poor students alike . Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributedincreased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic（实用主义的）than their more idealistic predecessors.Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’s students feel greatpressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools andcolleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had becomeeasy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty."People are competitive," said a second-yearcollege studentnamed Anna, fromChicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined.The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself .To achieve .To succeed .It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals, Edward Wynne , a magazine editor ,blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action .Dwight Huber ,chairman of the English department at Amarillo .sees the matterdifferently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. "I wouldcheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer testsrather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together,students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong withthe individual who are doing it," he said. "That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system." （分数：5.00）(1).Educators are finding that students who cheat_______. （分数：1.00）A.are not only those academically weakB.tend to be dishonest in later yearsC.are more likely to be punished than beforeD.have poor academic records(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? （分数：1.00）A.Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.B.Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating .C.Students' cheating has deep social roots.D.Students do not cheat on essay tests.(3).Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huberagree with ? （分数：1.00）A.Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.B.Students who cheat should be expelled from school.C.Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.D.Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.(4).The expression "the individuals" (the last paragraph) refers to ________ （分数：1.00）A.school administratorsB.students who cheatC.parentsD.teachers(5).The passage mainly discusses_______ （分数：1.00）A.ways to eliminate academic dishonestyB.factors leading to academic dishonestyC.the decline of moral standards of today's youthD.people's tolerance of students' cheatingPassage Three Last week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate g:ives her a panic attack. Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous. While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend isdisgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does anirrational fear of cheese come from? Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusualanxieties over time? Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightenedof elevators. Therewas no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselvestrapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst. While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we "take advantage ofthe situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the wholefacing my worst nightmare thing. However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, butterrifying? Not so much. Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process,but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on. （分数：5.00）(1).The 34-year-old British woman is extremelyafraid of metal forks because （分数：1.00）A.she has never used them beforeB.she has been injured by them beforeC.she couldn't bear their sound on plateD.she is afraid that they may hurt her(2).The phrase "rats with wings" (Para. 3) refers to______（分数：1.00）A.strange birdsB.pigeonsC.devilsD.exotic rats(3).The author's fear of elevators is the result of_______ （分数：1.00）A.her phobia for no reasonB.her nervousness of being aloneC.her dislike of being in closed spacesD.her terrible experience(4).After the fear subsided, the author realized that______ （分数：1.00）A.her boyfriend's help was importantB.she could have had a good time with her boyfriendC.an elevator ride could be excitingD.it was not as horrible as she had thought(5).The purpose for the author to share her experience is to_______ （分数：1.00）A.illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultB.encourage people to overcome their fearsC.introduce what strange fears people haveD.explain why people have strange fearsPassage Four The American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangeroushealth misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, anddiet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly becomeoverweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread andopt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourageconsumers to buy their "carb-free" food products. But the truth is, the human bodyneeds carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but isexhausted of thisdietary element is not in good shape after all. Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded withcarbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefitssome fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help toprevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your bodyof the many health benefits of carbohydrates. One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiberreduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also contain antioxidants (抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with thepotential to cause cancer. This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely ofcarbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthybodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the foodpyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consumesix to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each offruits and vegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cuttingcarbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea. The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well asguide you toward a proper exercise program forweight loss, or muscle gain. Theseprofessionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line:listen to the experts, not the advertisers! （分数：5.00）(1).As is used in Paragraph l, the word "exhausted" most possibly means______（分数：1.00）A.derivedB.deprivedC.startledD.starving(2).According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free” products_______ （分数：1.00）A.offer healthy optionsB.are responsible for obesityC.are not telling the truthD.value consumers' well-being(3).Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates? （分数：1.00）A.Prevention of fiber reduction.B.Prevention of heart disease.C.Prevention of stroke.D.Prevention of cancer.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet . （分数：1.00）A.needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyB.is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsC.is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsD.contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins(5).The main purpose of the passage is to （分数：1.00）A.promote more physical exerciseB.advocate a healthy dietC.describe the variety of carbohydratesD.explain how to live a healthy life五、Directions: In this (总题数：1，分数：5.00)One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering atschoolhelping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few workingparents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that fewparents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort. Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of howparental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researcherscombed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helpingthem with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthesemeasures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math. What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education. Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school. While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find ahandful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewerthan half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, wherepolicymakers have the most influence - they take place at home. Comment 1: Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parentalinvolvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents wantconsciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parentssooner than otherwise. Comment 2: It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturityhave a lot to do withsuccess in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by highschool, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place. Comment 3: The article doesn't clearly define "helping," but I understood it as actually assistingchildren in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewingtheir work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. Ithink the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no studywould discourage parents from monitoring their children's performance!（分数：5.00）(1).The word "they" (Para. l) refers to . （分数：1.00）A.studiesB.principlesC.valuesD.obligations(2).What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study? （分数：1.00）A.The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.B.Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.C.Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.D.Schools should communicate with parents regularly.(3).Comment1 suggests that （分数：1.00）A.parents should leave their children aloneB.kids should be kids after allC.parents may influence children's thinkingD.persistent parental involvement is a must(4).The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that（分数：1.00）A.high intelligence does not guarantee successB.getting ready for college is an emotional processC.social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeD.high school is often boring in the U.S.(5).Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper? （分数：1.00）A.Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.B.Monitoring kids' class performance.C.Assisting kids in their exercises.D.Making sure kids have finished their work六、Part IV Cloze (10 po(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel.47 .But there’s something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about:48 the gift is practical in the first place. 49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares. But do the receivers care? Often,no. "Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto be'thoughtful and considerate' by buying gifts they did not explicitly request" to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers55 favor gifts based on feasibility . （分数：10.00）A.to openB.openingC.have openedD.openedA.in personB.in turnC.in placeD.in returnA.WhetherB.WhenC.WhyD.HowA.To be sureB.To sum upC.In many waysD.In many casesA.work outB.lead toC.make forD.take upA.happierB.more surprisedC.happyD.surprisedA.regardless ofB.rather thanC.as toD.but forA.decideB.classifyC.selectD.measureA.lookB.qualityC.neverthelessD.easeA.unexpectedlyB.whereasC.neverthelessD.continuously七、Part V Text Comple(总题数：3，分数：20.00)Text One A. accelerate B. otherwise C. between D.imitate Phrases: A. would be difficult to 56 B. from 57 its feathers C. enabling the bird to 58 D. it 59 could The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate thebird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times fasterthan60How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so byreleasing tiny air bubbles 61 .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 62 . Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster byusing bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (船身 ) . However, researchersacknowledge that further investigation is challenging because "the complexity ofpenguin’s wings 63 （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.Text Two A. beyond B. as well as C. sending Phrases: A. 64 the wages of average families B.65 young people to college C. 66 the reach ofmostAmericans A research group in Californiahas released a "national report cardon highereducation." The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices - 67 ．Thegroup warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 68 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The reportalso expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in 69 . （分数：6.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.Text Three A. so B. hire them C. watching TV Phrases: A. and understandably 70 B. that could be spent 71 C. that the companies that72 want money Children are a special target of advertisers, 73 . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: "You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 74 . They don't have our best interests in mind." They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 75 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.（分数：6.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.。
2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]
2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What 2 、Concluded 3 、On 4 、Compared 5、Samples 6 、Insignificant 7 、Know 8、Resemble 9 、Also 10 、Perhaps 11 、To 12 、Drive 13 、Rather than14、Benefits 15 、Faster 16 、understand 17 、Contributory 18 、Tendency19、Ethnic 20 、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36. D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. B generally distorted values40. D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015年考研英语一真题答案及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship:Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。
首段通过一项研究结果引出朋友之间有一定的基因关联；第二段对研究的受试者进行说明；第三段中遗传学家认为朋友之间共享的1%的基因很重要；第四五段指出研究的两项发现；最后研究者发现相似基因发展更快，但人们喜欢与同族人交友还未能做出解释。
二、试题解析1.[A]when何时[B]why为什么[C]how如何[D]what什么【答案】D【考点】从句辨析【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导表语从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容，不是指研究的时间（when），原因（why）和方式（how），表示具体内容的表语从句用what引导，因此，该题的答案为what。
2.[A]defended保卫，防守[B]concluded推断，下结论[C]withdrawn撤退，收回[D]advised建议，劝告【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。
因此，答案为concluded。
3.[A]for为了[B]with和[C]on在…之上，关于，对于[D]by方式【答案】C【考点】上下文语义衔接+介词辨析【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932位独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1932unique subjects。
2014年考研英语(一)大纲题型解读及指导
在考生们的殷切期盼中，《2014全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲》终于露面。
之前网上疯传的一些关于考研英语大纲将新增700新词，增加听力题型及阅读难度将提高等的传言全都被事实拍打回去。
不管之前谣传再怎么将2014考研英语大纲“妖魔化”，摆在我们面前的2014考研英语大纲却是着实让考生们松了一口气。
大纲题型解析篇总的来说，2014年的考研英语大纲还是很“善解人意”的。
总体变化不大，并没有像大学英语四六级考试一样发生了巨大的变化，比如说删除了完形填空，增加了英译中的翻译。
这些的保留说明出题组仍然对同学们基本功的考察还是十分看重的。
跨考教育英语教研室张老师现根据2014年考纲的内容，对2014年考研英语(一)各个具体题型的总体要求进行全面分析。
1．完形填空完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。
透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。
考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。
同时考虑到完形填空在历年考研中得分较低，考生解答完形填空题时，要多从上下文的角度来考虑，并运用逻辑推理，大到对文章整体，小到对句子之间和句子内部综合把握。
此外，要多从惯用法和搭配的角度来考虑问题，平时考试就要对惯用法和搭配多多积累。
2．阅读理解就阅读理解(Part A)而言，由于这是一个大家非常熟悉的题型，也连着考了十几年，命题专家都有丰富的经验来应对它，因此每次考试最稳定的就是四选一的阅读理解题。
就文章题材来说，近几年越来越重视对人文科学的考查，平时要多注重阅读一些英美经济文化科技方面的报刊书籍，例如The Economist(经济学家)，Newsweek(新闻周刊)，Time(时代周刊)以及The Times(泰晤士报)上面的文章。
1980_2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)
1980-2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）目录2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 2 -Section Ⅰ Use of English - 2 -Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension - 3 -Part A - 3 -Part B - 8 -Section III Writing - 11 -Party A - 11 -Part B - 11 -2013年考研英语真题答案- 12 -Part A - 12 -Part B: (20 points) - 13 -2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 13 -Section I Use of English - 13 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 15 -Part A - 15 -Part B - 21 -Section III Writing - 23 -Part A - 23 -Part B - 24 -2012考研英语真题答案 - 24 -2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 35 -Section I Use of English - 35 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 35 -Part A - 36 -Part B - 40 -Part C - 41 -Section Ⅲ Writing - 42 -Part A - 42 -Part B - 42 -2011年考研英语真题答案- 42 -2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49Section I Use of English 49Section II Reading Comprehension 51Part A 51Part B 59Part C 61Section ⅢWriting 62Part A 62Part B 622010年考研英语真题答案632009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题65 Section I Use of English 65Section II Reading Comprehension 67Part A 67Part B 73Part C 75Section ⅢWriting 75Part A 75Part B 752009年考研英语真题答案752008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题75 Section I Use of English 75Section II Reading Comprehension 75Part A 75Part B 75Part C 77Section III Writing 78Part A 78Part B 782008年考研英语真题答案802007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题82 Section I Use of English 82Section II Reading Comprehension 85Part A 85Part B 92Part C 94Section III Writing 95Part A 95Part B 952007年考研英语真题答案962006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题98 Section I Use of English 98Section II Reading Comprehension 101Part A 101Part B 102Part C 102Section III Writing 102Part A 102Part B 1022006年考研英语真题答案1022005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题102 Section I Use of English 102Section II Reading Comprehension 103Part A 103Part B 110Part C 112Section III Writing 113Part A 113Part B 1132005年考研英语真题答案1152004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题117 Section I Listening Comprehension 117Part A 117Part B 117Part C 118Section II Use of English 120Section III Reading Comprehension 124 Part A 124Part B 130Section IV Writing 1322004年考研英语真题答案1332003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题135 Section I Listening Comprehension 135Part A 135Part B 135Part C 136Section II Use of English 138Section III Reading Comprehension 142 Part A 142Part B 149Section IV Writing 1492003年考研英语真题答案1512002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题153 Section I Listening Comprehension 153Part A 153Part B 154Part C 154Section II Use of English 157Section III Reading Comprehension 161 Part A 161Part B 168Section IV Writing 1682002年考研英语真题答案1702001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题172 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 172Part A 172Part B 174Section II Cloze Test 178Section III Reading Comprehension 182 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 189 Section V Writing 1902001年考研英语真题答案1922000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题194 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 194Part A 194Part B 196Part C 197Section II Cloze Test 202Section III Reading Comprehension 203 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 211 Section V Writing 2122000年考研英语真题答案2131999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题215 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 215Part A 215Part B 217Part C 218Section II Cloze Test 222Section III Reading Comprehension 224 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 232 Section V Writing 2321999年考研英语真题答案2341998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题236 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 236Part A 236Part B 238Part C 239Section II Cloze Test 243Section III Reading Comprehension 245Section IV English-Chinese Translation 253 Section V Writing 2541998年考研英语真题答案2561997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题258 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 258Part A 258Part B 260Part C 261Section II Cloze Test 265Section III Reading Comprehension 267 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 274 Section V Writing 2751997年考研英语真题答案2771996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题279 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 279Part A 279Part B 281Part C 282Section II Cloze Test 286Section III Reading Comprehension 288 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 295 Section V Writing 2961996年考研英语真题答案2971995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题299 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 299Part A 299Part B 301Part C 302Section II Cloze Test 306Section III Reading Comprehension 308 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 315 Section V Writing 3161995年考研英语真题答案3171994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题319 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 319Part A 319Part B 321Part C 322Section II Cloze Test 326Section III Reading Comprehension 328 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 335Section V Writing 3351994年考研英语真题答案3371993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题339 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 339 Section II Reading Comprehension 344 Section III Cloze Test 349Section IV Error-detection and Correction 352 Section V English-Chinese Translation 354 Section VI Writing 3541993年考研英语真题答案3561992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题358 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 358 Section II Reading Comprehension 363 Section III Cloze Test 368Section IV Error-detection and Correction 370 Section V English-Chinese Translation 372 Section VI Writing 3731992年考研英语真题答案3741991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题376 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 376 Section II Reading Comprehension 381 Section III Cloze Test 386Section IV Error-detection and Correction 389 Section V English-Chinese Translation 390 Section VI Writing 3911991年考研英语真题答案3921990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题394 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 394 Section II Reading Comprehension 396 Section III Cloze Test 400Section IV Error-detection and Correction 402 Section V Verb Forms 404Section VI Chinese-English Translation 404 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 405 1990年考研英语真题答案4071989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题409 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 409 Section II Reading Comprehension 411 Section III Cloze Test 416Section IV Error-detection and Correction 418 Section V Verb Forms 419Section VI Chinese-English Translation 420 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 420 1989年考研英语真题答案4221988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题424 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 424 Section II Reading Comprehension 426 Section III Cloze Test 431Section IV Error-detection and Correction 433 Section V Verb Forms 434Section VI Chinese-English Translation 435 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 435 1988年考研英语真题答案4371987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题439 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 439 Section II Reading Comprehension 441 Section III Structure and Vocabulary 445 Section IV Cloze Test 447Section V Verb Forms 449Section VI Error-detection and Correction 450 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 452 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 452 1987年考研英语真题答案4541986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题456 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 456 Section II Cloze Test 458Section III Reading Comprehension 460 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 463 Section V Error-detection and Correction 465 Section VI Verb Forms 467Section VII Chinese-English Translation 467 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 468 1986年考研英语真题答案4691985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题471 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 471 Section II Cloze Test 473Section III Reading Comprehension 476 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 477 Section V Error-detection and Correction 479 Section VI Verb Forms 480Section VII Chinese-English Translation 481 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4821985年考研英语真题答案4841984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题487 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 487 Section II Cloze Test 492Section III Reading Comprehension 494 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 495 Section V Error-detection and Correction 497 Section VI Verb Forms 499Section VII Chinese-English Translation 500 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 500 1984年考研英语真题答案5021983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题505 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 505 Section II Verb Forms 507Section III Error-detection 507Section IV Cloze Test 508Section V Reading Comprehension 511 Section VI Structure and Vocabulary 512 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 514 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 514 1983年考研英语真题答案5161982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题518 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 518 Section II Verb Forms 520Section III Error-detection 521Section IV Cloze Test 522Section V Reading Comprehension 524 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 526 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 526 1982年考研英语真题答案5291981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题531 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 531 Section II Error-detection 534Section III Sentence Making 535Section IV Verb Forms 535Section V Cloze Test 536Section VI Chinese-English Translation 537 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 537 1981年考研英语真题答案5401980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题543 Section I Use of Prepositions 543Section II Verb Tenses 543Section III Verb Forms 544Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 545Section V Error-detection 547Section VI Chinese-English Translation 548Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5481980年考研英语真题答案5512013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal-- meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that--and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores aroundthe world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person--and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes--and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment--including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line--Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and。