英汉翻译入门chapter 1
英汉翻译复习材料
英汉翻译复习材料A New Coursebook On English-Chinese TranslationChapter One: Introduction of Translation1.1Definition1.1.1What is translation?1.1.2Translatability (可译性)1.1.3Translatability has limitations1.1.4Classification①intralingual translation & interlingual translation②interpretation & translation③Translation of literary works, of scientific materials ,of practical writing, of journalese(newspapers and magazines)④full text; extr acted; adapted translation1.2 Criterion of translation1.2.1 Criterion at home and abroad(1)严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)(2) 钱钟书的“化境”(sublimation)(3) 傅雷的“神似”(similarity in spirit)(4) Alexander F. Tytler’s three principles of translation1.2.2 Basic criterion : faithfulness & smoothnessFaithfulness①Faithful to the original meaninge.g. 1. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.误译：因为简想赚钱，所以才不下力干。
英汉汉英翻译教程
第三章 词汇的翻译 Vocabulary Translation key points: Difference in Vocabulary
English: Ⅰ. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English: Examples 开灯 开飞机 开机器 开办新企业 开锁 开车 开茶馆 开销
第二章 翻译的过程 Process in Translation
translation: Ⅱ.Levels in translation:
★ ★ ★ ★
textual level referential level cohesion level level of naturalness
Correction: Ⅲ. Correction:
Hale Waihona Puke 一、课程简介 A Textbook of English-Chinese and Chinese-English Translation
方法：以英汉比较为主。在词汇、句子、 方法 ： 以英汉比较为主 。 在词汇 、 句子 、 语 篇段落等层面对两种语言的异同进行分析、 篇段落等层面对两种语言的异同进行分析 、 比较，总结翻译方法。通过比较，帮助学生 比较， 总结翻译方法。 通过比较， 领悟与翻译方法有关的道理，通过实践练习， 领悟与翻译方法有关的道理 ，通过实践练习， 掌握翻译的方法与技巧。 掌握翻译的方法与技巧。
第二章 翻译的过程 Process in Translation
Ⅰ. Comprehensive Reading and Analyzing the Original
Language. Language.
readers. Communication between the writer and readers.
unit 1 翻译入门
商标名的翻译
• 在国际市场上有很多商标翻译 失误的例子，究其原因是文化 的差异。一个译名的好坏，会 带来销售业绩千百万美元的差 异。”
• Coca cola 刚进入中国 市场时被翻译为“口 可口蜡”，无人问津。 后来改为“可口可 乐”，既保留了原词 的音节和响亮，又符 合中国的语言文化习 俗。
中国菜肴的英译错误
• 红烧狮子头 burnt lion's head
肉团子，又称“四喜丸子”，有如“雄狮之头”，所以命 名为“狮子头”。一呼百诺，从此，扬州就添了“狮子头” 这道名菜，红烧，清蒸，脍炙人口。
stewed pork ball in brown sauce
stewed：焖的;炖的;煮酥的 sauce：调味汁,酱汁
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Two ears tossed together 两只耳朵搅拌在一起
• 拌双耳 Tossed black and white fungus
fungus：['fʌŋgəs]菌类植物]
• 蚂蚁上树 ： Ants climbing a tree （蚂蚁们在 爬树） • 蚂蚁上树： Sautéed vermicelli with spicy minced pork sauté ：[‘səutei]嫩煎的 vermicelli：[və:mi‘seli]细面条， 粉丝 spicy英音：[‘spaisi]加有香料的; 香的；辛辣的 minced ：[minst] 切成末的
英译汉教程(第一章)
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Classification of Translation
1） 从译出语和译入语的角度来分类: 本族语译为外语，外语译为本族语；
许渊冲贺杨振宁新婚 双语诗句
• 振宁不老松，扬帆为小翁，岁寒情更热， 花好驻春风。 • The ageless won’t grow old. You sail with your young bride. Love will warm winter cold. Spring will ever abide.
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不懂外文的翻译家---林纾
• 林纾，字琴南，号畏庐、冷红生。生于1852年，福建闽县人。中国近代 翻译家、文学家。先后翻译英、美、法、俄、德、瑞士、比利时、西班 牙、挪威、希腊和日本小说183种，出版了160余部，其中不少是世界名 著，如《巴黎茶花女遗事》（La Dame aux Camelias）、《黑奴吁天录 》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）《快肉余生述》（David Copperfield）、 《贼史》（Oliver Twist）、《王子复仇记》（Hamlet）等，在早期翻 译家中影响很大，是大量介绍西方文学的第一人。
第一章 绪论
A General Introduction About Translation
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Definition of Translation
• “the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).” (J.C. Catford ) • Cross-linguistic transformation of meaning
实用职场英文口译教程Chapter One Reception
4.让我们尽情享受大自然赋予我们的食物吧。 Let’s delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.
英译汉第一章翻译的概述PPT课件
3. 关于翻译标准的争议
(Controversy on Principles of Translation)
关于翻译的标准的不同看法和定义： 我国大翻译家严复提出了著名的 “信达雅” 的翻译标准，在我国翻译史上独具意义，给后
代的译界以有益的启发，在翻译界最具影响力、 典范性，甚至成了中国人翻译西方语言文字的 准绳。
所谓忠实是指忠实于原作的内容、原作的风格完整而 准确地表达出来；
所谓正确，是指把原作的语言内容、立场观点、思想 感情不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏、增减地表达出来；
所谓流畅，是指译文的语言一定要通顺自然、逻辑清 楚、符合规范。
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刘重德教授给翻译的定义：
“ Translation is a science. Translation is an art. Translation is a craft. Translation is a skill. Translation is an operation. Translation is a language activity. Translation is communicating. ”
【译文】她貌颇美丽，肤色雪白，柔腻如凝脂，双眸点漆， 似意大利产。斜波流媚，轻盈动人，而鬈毛压额，厥色 深墨，状尤美观。形体略短削，微嫌美中不足。
任何一种文字都是有其声音之美，其意义之美，其传神之美，其文气 文体形式之美，作为翻译者常会顾其义而丢其神，得其神而忘其体。
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为此，我们还是主张“忠实、正确、流畅” (faithfulness, correctness and smoothnesss)的翻译标准， 尤其是对本科学生来讲，这个标准是切合实际的。
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3. 关于翻译标准的争议
实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)
An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解（Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定（Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析（Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断（Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握（Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语：路滑, 小心跌倒！译1：The road is slippery, fall down carefully！译2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3：Slippery // Wet path！b.译文表达（Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法（Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法（Literal Translation）p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法（Free Translation）Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns．c. 归化法（Domestication）b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法（Foreignization）1.5 翻译的常用技巧（Practical Translation Skills)异&选择（Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义（Polysemous Words）•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义（Context and Word Meaning）A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义（Word Class and Word Meaning）M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义（Style and Word Meaning）•United States Declaration of Independence：He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译（Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化（Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化（Concreteness from General Words）A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译（Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补（Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补（Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补（Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补（Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文：老头儿说: “听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
第1章翻译基础
第一章翻译的基本知识An Introduction to the Course of Translation﹡Literal translation at word level:Almond eye杏眼, moon face满月脸, a work full of sound and color有声有色的作品,heartless and brainless既没心肝又没头脑, milk the cow挤牛奶; mad cow disease; chain reaction ; bird flu; sleeping beauty睡美人; gene therapy基因疗法,Father Time时间老人, Mother nature自然之母, irony of fate 命运的嘲弄, paradise flowing with milk and honey遍地流着奶和蜜的天堂, be armed to the teeth武装到牙齿 the open door policy开放政策，the cold war 冷战，to fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼，strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁，at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟习语成语；He met his Waterloo.（典故）meet one's Waterloo是成语典故,由拿破仑在Waterloo遇到惨败﹡Literal translation at sentence level:1)Knowledge is power.知识就是力量2)Blood is thicker than water血浓于水3)Misfortune never comes singly.祸不单行。
4) like Constant dropping wears the stone.水滴石穿;5)The reasons for Disney’s success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person －the man who created cartoon and built the company from nothing.迪斯尼乐园的成功有多种因素,但是归根到底要归功于一个人,这个人发明了卡通画,白手起家,创建了这家公司.( start from scratch = set up a company from scratch )6)Now a World Heritage Site , Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witness to the once great civilization of the Stones and Bronze Ages , between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago.如今作为世界文化遗产,石柱圈及其周围工事依旧是五到三千年石器时代和青铜器时代伟大文明的确有力见证者.7)The line of trees that breaks the monotony of the pavement is laden with leaves in shades of russet. 一行树木打破了人行道的单调,树上长满了深浅不一的黄褐色树叶.（如何确定名词的词义，看其周围的单词， russet ）8)The Australian continent has many different climate zones ranging from tropical in the north , leading to subtropical and savanna, to arid deserts in the center and temperate in the south.奥洲大陆跨越许多种不同的气候带,有北部的热带,亚热带,和稀树草原,有中部干旱不毛的沙漠,还有南部的温带.＊直译误区：Misconcepts of literal translaiton一、否定句型中的直译误区1. 部分否定句型，这种句型不同于汉语的思维形式。
英汉互译第一章
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7）对联 静坐常思己过, 闲谈莫说人非。 Think of your own faults when speechless sitting. Never refer to others’ demerits while chattering.
Morning after morning I don't see the sun,
Year after year, not a sign of spring.
▪
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▪ Long, long the pathway to Cold Hill; Drear, drear the waterside so chill. Chirp, chirp, I often hear the bird; Mute, mute, nobody says a word. Gust by gust winds caress my face; Flake on flake snow covers all trace. From day to day the sun won't shine; From year to year no spring is mine.
----Peter Newmark, A Textbook Of Translation
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“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”
英汉互译慕课Unit 1课件
《英汉互译》慕课Unit 1课件Unit 1 A General Introduction to Translation 翻译概述Chapter 1 History, Function and Definition of Translation翻译的历史、功能和定义1. History of Translation 翻译的历史Translational activities of human beings have been around for thousands of years, and it’s hard to tell the exact time when translation first appeared. Yet it can be said that translation has existed since people began to use different languages to communicate with one another.The earliest written record of translation in the west, however, is the translation of Odyssey from Greek into Latin by the liberated Greek slave Livius Andronicus in about 240 B.C.And in China the record of translation dates back to the Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C. -- 256 B.C.) according to The Book of Rites (《礼记》) when translators were called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, and Yi in the north西方最早的有史料记载的是公元前240年的安德罗尼柯的第一部译作荷马史诗《奥德赛》，中国最早的翻译活动记录出现在《礼记·王制》中：“五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。
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翻译理论与实践 1. Definition of Translation (P1-3) 英国The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another 美国Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language
《辞海》、《汉语大词典》：把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。 翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。 Nothing should be added to or taken from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary, not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness. 从以上的翻译定义来看，我们知道……不可有所增删。译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。因此翻译有两个要素：准确性与表达性（忠实与通顺）。 综合各家之长: 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 Three key words from the definitions 1. Textual (What we usually translate are texts rather than independent words or sentences.) Eg. 警幻道：“此茶出在放春山遣香洞，又以仙花灵叶上所带之宿露而烹，此茶名曰‘千红一窟’。” (第五回) Thousand Red Flowers in One Cavern(直译) Maiden’s Tears（意译） 2. Natural (it is not enough to produce grammatically correct sentencs but idiomatic, natural sentecnces.) Eg. 1. When things happen that you don’t like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. 发生你不喜欢的事情时，你有两种选择：要么痛苦不堪，要么痛快达观。 2. …until absolutely necessary. 直到绝对必须之时→非到万不得已… 3. essential information for travellers 供给旅客重要的信息→旅客须知 4. A managing director has a lonely job. He needs a sparring partner. 一个总经理有一份孤独的工作。他需要一个拳击练习的对手。 →当了总经理做起事来就形单影只，也要有个时时和他交手的人。 5. I will teach him to deceive others. （I will punish him so that he will not deceive others.） 我要教训他一顿，看他还敢不敢再欺骗人。 6. “Ellen, shut the window. I’m starving!” and her teeth chattered as she shrunk closer to the almost extinguished embers. “爱伦，把窗子关上，我快冻死了，”她的牙齿在打颤，一面蜷缩身子，向快要熄灭的火炉靠拢。 3. flavor (style) Eg. “You may run, but you can never hide.” 1)你可以逃亡，但你永远无法把自己藏起来。 简评：直译；词义翻译。译文有感情色彩，且有一定的力量。适用于Bush的文本和中国受众，也适用于同传和交传。 2)你可以四处逃窜/到处逃亡，但你永远无处藏身。 简评：直译，词义翻译。译文有感情色彩，用了四字结构、注意修辞（见下划线），显得更有力量、韵味。适用于Bush的文本和中国的受众，也适用于同传和交传。 3)不管你怎么逃，（怎么躲，）但是天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 简评：意译；交际翻译（有点创造性）。译文有庄严感、正义感，有权威性、严肃性，创造性使用中国俗语（见划线部分），适合在正式场合和非正式场合使用，修辞效果甚佳。虽然原文在字面上并非如此，但译文到位、寓意深刻，如果美国是代表正义的，那就是佳译，甚至在诸方面都“超越”了原文。 Some types of translation (P3) 1. Interpretation（口译）： Consecutive interpretation连续传译/即席翻译 Simultaneous interpretation 同声传译 2. Written（笔译）: “general translation” and “gloss translation”(释词翻译 3. Machine translation 2. Criteria of translation <<“ Five Don’ts”（五不译）; i. e.: Don’t translate： what is mysterious; （秘密故） what is multi-semantic; （多义故） what is too alien to be reproduced;（此无故） what is hereditary; （顺古故） what is philanthropic. （生善故） <