专题08 阅读理解说明文-2019年高考英语母题题源系列(解析版)
专题08 阅读理解（说明文）
【母题来源一】【2019·全国卷I，D】
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to
keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and
cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on
others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology
sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities
strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in
life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even
dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who
were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the
most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens
had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly
showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness,
openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to
positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。
32.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,
which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。
33.A
【解析】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two
categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。
34.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。 35.A
【解析】标题归纳题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。
【母题来源二】 【2019·全国卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.
How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any
kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna
Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s
students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).
“We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project
manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are
2019-2020年高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文含解析新人教版
2019-2020年高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文含解析新人教版
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
【解题技巧】
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
2019年中考英语母题题源系列专题20 阅读理解说明文(解析版)
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专题20 阅读理解说明文
【母题来源1】【2019 • 重庆市中考】
【母题原题】
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes.
Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But
not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal
fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of
Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler
2019年高考英语母题题源系列18 短文改错【含答案及解析】
2019年高考英语母题题源系列18 短文改错【含答案及解析】
姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________
题号 一 总分
得分
一、短文改错
1.
【 2 017 山东 淄博市一模】My new friend Tom is good at English
writing. One day. I asked him how he did such well in
written English. He told me that he has a habit of keep
a diary every day. “You can try them, too I’m sure you
will improve your written English quickly in this way.” He
said. I thought Tom was right, but I decided to follow
his advices. I started to write down something interested
every day. Sometimes when I didn’t know how to spell a
word, I would look it up in a dictionary. When I didn’t
know how to write a sentence correct, I would ask my
19年高考真题与模拟题(部分)分类 08 语法填空(原卷版)
2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题08 语法填空
一、2019年高考真题
I.记叙文
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While
they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as
James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,
and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut
___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that
(完整word版)2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文--有解析.doc
1
科教科普类
1、 Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength
of their toxicity( 毒性 ). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and
interesting.
Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to
the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.
Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies( 策略 ) they use for feeding.
Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to come
along before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for
food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolve
new ways of catching food which couldn ’ t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.
2019高考英语二轮专项思路点拨及增分练习—阅读理解08
2019高考英语二轮专项思路点拨及增分练习—阅读理解08
【考点定位】 2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布
高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡
【试题特点】
①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡
②贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡
③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡
(4)科学方法图示判断题
科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。
【考点pk】名师考点透析
考点【一】细节事实理解。
一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序〔时间、空间、情感变化等〕排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，表达
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用以下
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?
2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?
3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...
4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
2019高考英语：阅读理解(含解析解析)(预测第8集)
2019高考英语：阅读理解(含解析解析)(预测第8集)
(第1篇)
Successfulpeopleininternationalbusinessunderstandtheculturesofothercountriesandlearntochangetheirpracticesindifferentcultures.Theyunderstandtheimportanceofavoidingbusinessdecisionsbasedonmisconceptions—mistakenideas.
Onecauseofmisconceptionsisethnocentrism,thebeliefthatone’sownculture’swayofdoingthingsisbetterthanthewayofothercultures.It’sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.Toavoidethnocentrism,it’snecessarytostudythedifferentelements(组成部分)ofculture：language,valuesandattitudes,andcustomsandmanners.
Language
Aknowledgeofthelocallanguagecanhelpinternationalbusinesspeopleinfourways.First,peoplecancommunicatedirectly.Second,peopleareusuallymoreopenintheircommunicationwithsomeonewhospeakstheirlanguage.Third,anunderstandingofthelanguageallowspeopletoinfermeaningsthatarenotsaiddirectly.Finally,knowingthelanguagehelpspeopletounderstandtheculturebetter.
专题04 阅读理解(说明文)-2018年高考英语母题题源系列(解析版)
母题四 阅读理解（说明文）
【母题来源一】 【2018·全国新课标I】
【母题原题】
B【2018·全国I】
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up
a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers
top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning
Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals
for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she
explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar
2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文 -- 有解析
.
;. 科教科普类
1、 Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength
of their toxicity(毒性). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and
interesting.
Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to
the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.
Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies(策略) they use for feeding.
Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to
come along before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for
food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolve
new ways of catching food which couldn’t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.
高考英语母题题源系列 专题10 阅读理解(文章结构)(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语试题
word - 1 - / 13 母题十阅读理解
【母题来源】【2016·】
【母题原题】
【2016·】D
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended
period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered
with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance
and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two
decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to
cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go
so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a
passagefrom the shelter of the
family to autonomy and adult responsibility,