2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题及详细答案(第1套)

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第一套)及答案解析

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第一套)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have30minutesfor the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B)Because of the smoke and heat damage2.A)Investigating the cause of the incident.B)Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C)Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D)Becauseof the collapse of the three-story building.C)Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D)Checking town records for the property developer.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It plays a less important role in one's health than nutrient intake.B)It impacts people's health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C)It is associated with people's mental health conditionsD)It is linked with older adults'symptoms ofdepression4.A)It was indefinite C)It was straightforward.B)It was systematic.D)It was insignificant. Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It has helped solve several murder cases.B)It has become a star police dog in Beijing6.A)To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B)To test the feasibility of cloning technology.7.A)Cloning is too complicated a processB)The technology is yet to be accepted C)It has surpassed its mother in performance.D)It has done better than naturally born dogs.C)To cut down training expensesD)To reduce their training time.C)Cloning is ethically controversial.D)The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you1·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He read it somewhere online.B)He heard about it from a coworker.9.A)His publications.B)His first book.10.A)Collect a lot more data.B)Relax a bit less often.11.A)Find out the show's most interesting episodesB)Watch the series together with the woman.C)He read an article reviewing it.D)He watched a TV series based on it.C)His addressD)His name.C)Clarify many new conceptsD)Read more reference books.C)Get an e-Copy of the book to read.D)Check to see when the show starts.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To check the prices of his farm produce.B)To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.13.A)Bakers.B)Vendors14.A)The issuing of certificates to vendors.B)The completion of the baking task.15.A)The closing date of submission.C)To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D)To seekthe man's help with her work on the farm.C)Vegetarians.D)OrganisersC)The festival they are organising.D)The deadline for application.C)The details of the ceremonyB)The website of his company.D)The organiser'saddressSection CDirections:In this section,you will hearthre passages.At the end ofeach passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centreQuestions16to18are based on the passage you havejust heard.16.A)Most scenic sites have been closed.B)Access to official campsites is limited17.A)It is strongly opposed by nearby residentsB)It leads to much waste of public money18.A)Look for open land in ScotlandB)Leave no trace of their camping C)Health experts advise going outdoors.D)People have more time during the summer.C)It has caused environmental concernsD)It has created conflicts among campers.C)Avoid getting close to wilderness.D)Ask for permission from authorities.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)They outcompete mythical creatures.B)They usually mind their own business.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·C)They truly exist in the AmazonregionD)They resemble alarmingly large snakes 220.A)Scar tissue from dolphins'fighting.B)Skin infection from water pollution.21.A)It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.C)Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D)Swimming along in seasonal floods.B)It has been placed under international protection.C)It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphinsD)It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions22to25are based on the passageyou have just heard.22.A)About58%of young adults call parental support the new normal.B)Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial supportC)A full70%of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D)Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support23.A)It renders them dependent.C)It makes them mentally immature.B)It causes them to lose dignity.D)It hinders them from getting ahead.24.A)It challenges one's willpower C)It calls for due assistance.B)It results from education.D)It defines adulthood.25.A)Current lifestyles C)College loansB)Poor budgeting.D)Emergency expensesPartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It's well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health.Yet whereas most countries have26evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise27for various physical health benefits,such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is28due to a lack of necessary evidence.However,a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before29into some of the key take-aways,an important30made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic.The former31such things as walking,jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy.In contrast,anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such32intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaksdown glucose(葡萄糖)in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise,the researchers,led by John Chan at Shenzhen University,found33resultsfrom19relevant studies.Some3·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·favoured higher intensity,others low,while seven studies found that intensity made no34_to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise,however,the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择)for improving mood is35intensity,perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasantA)constitutesB)contradictoryC)decisionD)detailedE)differenceF)dippingG)distinctionH)falling I)involves J)moderate K)notified L)partlyM)required N)traditionally O)vigorousSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Why DoAmericans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work15hours a week?That was the question that worriedthe British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”in1930.Over the next century,he predicted,the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all.For a while,it looked like Keynes was right.In1930the average working week was47hours in the United States.But by1970,the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than39.B)But then something changed.Instead of continuing to decline,the duration of the working week remainedstable.It has stayed at just below40hours for nearly five decades.So what happened?Why are people working just as much today as in1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase theeconomy's productivity,which he thought would lead to a standard of living“between four and eight times as high as it is today.”But Keynes got that right:Technology has made the economy massively more productive.According to Benjamin M.Friedman,an economistat Harvard,the U.S.economy is right ontrack to reach Keynes's eight-fold(八倍)multiple by2029.That is a century after the last data Keynes wouldhave had access to.D)In a new paper,Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increasedleisure time.Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied,always wanting more money to buy the next ·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·4new thing.This is a theory that appeals to many economists.“This argument is,at best,far from sufficient,”he writes.If that were the case,why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that,in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effectiveopportunitiesfor personal connections and relationships,people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.There is support for this theory.Many people today consider colleagues as friends.But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive.Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family,rather than at work.Furthermore,this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S.working week in the1970s.F)A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman.That is:American inequality means that the gainsof increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone.In other words,most Americans are too poor to work less.Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers,this one fits chronologically(按年代).Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II,along with the duration of the working week.But since the early1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continuerising for everyone.But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole,it is not at all the case for the median(中位数的)American worker.For them,output by2029is likely to be around3.5times what it was when Keynes was writing.This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted rangeH)This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period,complete with a shift in1973that fitsin precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.According to Friedman,between1947and1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers(those who were not in management roles)in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy.But by2013the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen5percent from the1973level in terms of actual purchasing power.Thus,though American incomes may have gone up since1973,the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down.For most Americans,then,the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around1973.Thus,they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of livingI)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment.This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do somuch.In Keynes's vision,the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure.But Friedman says that,for Americans,reality is much darker.Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that,for half of hourly workers,their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much.Rather,we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question.If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less,why do they continue to work so much?(Indeed,research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.)5·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Friedman believes that for many top earners,work is a labor of love.They are doing work they care about and are interested in,and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden.For them,it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves.And,of course,they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣)Keynes predicted is here.After all,the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected.But for most Americans,that prosperity is nowhere to be seen.And,as a result,neither are those shorter working weeks.36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37.As ordinary American workers'average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity,they had towork just as manyhours as before to keep their living standards.38.American workers'average weekly workingtime has not changed for nearly half a century.39.Friedman believes inequality in the rgely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted inreduced working hours.40.Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisuretime.41.An economist'sprediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the20thcentury.42.In the bor market,the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure anyemployment even if it is low-paid.43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44.Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing45.According to Keynes,there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuingtorise.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said,“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing,or seeking self-worth through others'approval,is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves?If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time,wouldn't it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately,sense often isn't driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked,and caring about the effect we have on others,is healthy and allows us to make connections.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·6However,where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and werecompletely dependent on others to take care of us:Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate,they are alsotrying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so,to a four-year-old,if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her,there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approveof us,it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek,your need for external validation will start to vanish,leaving you stronger,more confident,and yes,happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrainour authentic selves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others,we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves,becauseultimately,there is no difference.So embrace the cliché(老话)and loveyourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.46.What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation?A)We should seethrough otherpeople's attempt to make a prisonerof us.B)We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C)We can never be truly free if taking to heart others'opinion of us.D)We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.47.What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval?A)Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.C)Our identity as social beings will be affected.B)Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting D)Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48.What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A)Our desperate longing for interactions with others.C)Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.B)Our understanding of the workings of the world.D)Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49.What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?A)Enjoy a happier life.C)Receive more external validation.B)Exercise self-restraint.D)Strengthen our power of imagination.50.What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A)Embrace life for ourselves and for others.C)See our experiencesas assets.B)Base our worth on others'opinions.D)Love ourselves as we arePassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.However,a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible.In reality,education does an aging brain good.7·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Throughout life,people's brains constantly renovate themselves.In the late1960s,British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions ofrats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections.This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course,that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time.Just as height usually declines over the years,so does brain volume:Humans lose about4percent every decade starting in their40s.But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower;as long as we are alive and functioning,we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact,scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences,facts,and skills can keep people's minds more flexible.New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure,even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability.Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower.Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease.Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests.Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world atitude,but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck.While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things,a2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences,which can,in turn,refresh the brain.That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says“It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks.It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should.”51.What do some people think of aging adults?A)Their wisdom grows as time goes by.C)They can benefit from late-in-life learning.B)Their memory gradually deteriorates D)They are likely to have mental health issues.52.What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding?A)Brain damage seriously hinders one'slearning.C)Brains can refresh and improve with learning.B)Brain power weakens slower than we imagine D)Brains forge connections under new conditions53.What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A)Doing daily routines by conventional means.C)Imitating old dogs'way of learning new tricksB)Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.D)Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54.What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A)Being curious and desiring knowledge.C)Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks.B)Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.D)Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases55.What is the finding of the2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A)Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.B)Playingnumber games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·8C)Desiring new experiences can help to renovate thebrain.D)Learning new tricks shouldnot beconfined to old dogs only.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on AnswerSheet2.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。

大学英语四级卷一真题2015年6月_真题无答案-交互

大学英语四级卷一真题2015年6月(总分710, 做题时间130分钟)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and **ment on parents’ role intheir children’s growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 150 words.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIPart II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A The woman shouldgo on playing chess.B He is willing to play chess with the woman.C The woman has good reason to quit the game.D He will give the woman some tips on the game.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A She would liketo resume contact with Sally.B The man can forward the mail to Mary.C She can call Mary to take care of the mail.D Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A He did notattend today’s class.B His notes are not easy to read.C His handwriting has a unique style.D He is pleased to be able to take the course.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A The newrestaurant is a perfect place for dating.B The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.C The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.D The man had better choose another restaurant.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A He will help thewoman put things away.B He has been waiting for winter sale.C He has been looking forward to Spring.D He will clean the woman’s boots.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A The woman oftenworks overtime at weekends.B The man often lends books to the woman.C The man appreciates the woman’s help.D The woman is rather forgetful.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.A Take asightseeing trip.B Go to work on foot.C Start work earlier than usual time.D Take a walk when the weather permits.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A Temporaryclosing has disturbed the airport’s operation.B The plane is going to land at another airport.C All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.D The airport’s management is in real need of improvement.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.A It specializes in safety from leaks.B It is headquartered in London.C It has a chemical processing plant.D It has a partnership with LCP.SSS_SINGLE_SEL10.A He is safety inspector.B He is Mr. Grand’s friend.C He is a chemist.D He is a salesman.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.A The public relations officer.B Head of the personnel department.C Mr. Grand’s personal assistant.D Director of the safety department.SSS_SINGLE_SEL12.A Send a comprehensive description of their work.B Provide details of their products and services.C Leave a message for Mr. Grand.D Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.A She listened to recording of many European orchestras.B She read a lot about European musicians and theirmusic.C She dreamed of working and living in a Europeancountry.D She learned playing the violin from a famous Frenchmusician.SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.A She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.B She gave her first performance with her father.C She became a professional violinist at fifteen.D She began taking violin lessons as a small child.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.A It was the chance of a lifetime.B It was a great challenge to her.C It gave her a chance to explore.D It helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short assages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.A There are mysterious stories behind his works.B His personal history is little known.C His works have no match worldwide.D There are many misunderstandings about him.SSS_SINGLE_SEL17.A He once worked in a well-known **pany.B He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.C He failed to go beyond grammar school.D He was a member of the town council.SSS_SINGLE_SEL18.A People of his time had little interest in him.B His works were adapted beyond recognition.C Possible sources of clues about him were lost in afire.D Writers of his time had no means to protect theirworks.SSS_SINGLE_SEL19.A Theft.B Air crash.C Cheating.D Road accidents.SSS_SINGLE_SEL20.A Learn the local customs.B Have the right documents.C Book tickets well in advance.D Make hotel reservations.SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.A Contact your agent.B Use official transport.C Get a lift if possible.D Have a friend meet you.SSS_SINGLE_SEL22.A Cut down production cost.B Refine the taste of his goods.C Sell inexpensive products.D Specialize in gold ornament.SSS_SINGLE_SEL23.A At a meeting of top British businesspeople.B During a local sales promotion campaign.C During a live television interview.D At a national press conference.SSS_SINGLE_SEL24.A Discouraged.B Distressed.C Puzzled.D Insulted.SSS_SINGLE_SEL25.A He is not laughed at, that laughs at himselffirst.B There should be a limit to one’s sense ofhumor.C He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.D The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Looking at the basic biology systems, the world is notdoing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is (26)__________ . Despitea slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increasedby more than a fifth during the (27)__________ . The economy grew, trade increased, andmillions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show (28)__________ of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have abasic fault: they show no difference between resources uses that (29)__________ and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economicprogress is the gross national product (GNP). (30)__________ , this totals thevalue of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value offactories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped (31)__________ a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For sometime, this seemed to work(32)__________ well, but serious weakness are nowappearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories andequipment, but it does not (33)__________ the loss of natural resources,including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such asforests.This basic fault can produce a (34)__________ sense ofnational economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcutforest actually do better than those that preserve theirforest. The trees cutdown are counted as income but no subtraction is made for (35)__________ the forests.SSS_FILL26.SSS_FILL27.SSS_FILL28.SSS_FILL29.SSS_FILL30.SSS_FILL31.SSS_FILL32.SSS_FILL33.SSS_FILL34.SSS_FILL35.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.As a teacher, you could bring **munity into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and (36)______ for their children. They can be (37) ______ teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of (38) ________ and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the**munity resources. Employees at local business and staff at community agencies have (39)_______ information to share in classrooms.Field trips provide another opportunity to know **munity. Many students don’t have the opportunity to (40) ________ concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have (41) ________ for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made (42) _________ of field trips and give permission for their children to participate.Through school projects, students can learn to be (43) ______ in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students, (44)______ older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to**munity service by (45)_______ in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the **munity.A)assetsB) attendC) awareD) especiallyE)excellentF) expensiveG) guidelinesH) involvedI) joiningJ) naturallyK) observeL) originM) recruitedN) up-to-dateO) volunteeringSSS_SIMPLE_SIN36.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN37.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN38.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN39.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN40.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN41.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN42.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN43.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN44.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSSS_SIMPLE_SIN45.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Essay -granding Software Officers Professors a Break[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professoer a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with the exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.[B] Edx,the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Thnology(MIT) to offer courses on the Internet ,has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institutioons that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks.[C] The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of the automation education. Altough automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet provided widespread acceptance by educations and has many critics.[D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of Edx, predicted that the instant grading software would be a useful teaching tool,enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers . He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades.“Thers is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,” Dr.Agarwal said, “Stud ents are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.”[E] But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no matter for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He hasalso been highly critical of studies claiming that the **pares well to human grades.[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁) opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.[G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group’s statement reads in part. “Computers cannot ‘read’. They cannot measure the essentials of effective **munication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical (伦理)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.”[H] But EdX experts its software to be widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Geogetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for**pletion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders 100 essay or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank.[J] Edx is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to **puters in the 1960s. there is now a range of companies **mercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states — Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia —are using some form of the technology in second schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader”, to check the reliability of the human graders.[K] But the growing influence of the Edx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday,Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, are **mitted to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “it allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) to ward resubmitting the work until they get it right, ” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.[M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 Prizes aimed at improving software that grades essay and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contents, Vik Paruchurt was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.[N] “One of our focus is to help kids learn how to think critically,” said Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests”. The challe nge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot of more time.[O] Mark D.Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology — though imperfect — has a place in educational settings.[P] With increasing large class, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.[Q] “Often **e from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine over could,” Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.”SSS_SIMPLE_SIN46.Some professors in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN47.using software to grade students’ essay saves teachers time for other work.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN48.the Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN49.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN50.Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN51.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in leses famous university.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN52.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot measured by computer rating programs.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN53.As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give student **ments as to how to improve their writing.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN54.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSSS_SIMPLE_SIN55.Students find instant feedback helps their learning considerably.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NO P QSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passageis followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and theunskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound.The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills****puters, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age.SSS_SINGLE_SEL56.what is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A younger people are replacing the elderlyB well-educated people tend to work longerC unemployment rates are rising year after yearD people with no college degree do not easily find workSSS_SINGLE_SEL57.what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and poor?A Longer life expectanciesB Profound changes in the workforceC rapid technological advance.D A growing number of well-graduated.SSS_SINGLE_SEL58.what do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A Economic growth will slow down.B Government budgets will increase.C More people will try to pursue higher educationD There will be **petition in the job market.SSS_SINGLE_SEL59.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B more people have to receive in-service training.C Even wealthy people must work longer to **fortably in retirement.D People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.SSS_SINGLE_SEL60.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A Computers will do **plicated work.B More will be taken by the educated young.C Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.D Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines.One **es from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGillUniversity in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughted up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.SSS_SINGLE_SEL61.What does the author try to draw attention to?A Food riots and hunger in the world.B News headlines in the leading media.C The decline of the grain yield growth.D The food supply in populous countries.SSS_SINGLE_SEL62.Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.SSS_SINGLE_SEL63.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.SSS_SINGLE_SEL64.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in **ing decades?A The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.SSS_SINGLE_SEL65.How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A It is built on the findings of a new study.B It is based on a doubtful assumption.C It is backed by strong evidence.D It is open to further discussion.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should writeyour answer on Answer Sheet 2.66.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen.” Youcan cite examples to illustrate the important of being participants rather than mereonlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)

2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)前言2023年6月的大学生英语四级考试即将到来，为了帮助广大考生更好地备战，本文提供了三套2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案。

希望本文可以对考生们的备考提供一定的帮助。

试卷一第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)听力理解部分包含了五个听力材料，每个材料后面有五个问题。

请考生根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案。

第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)阅读理解部分包含了四篇文章，每篇文章后面有五个问题。

请考生根据文章内容选择正确的答案。

第三部分：完型填空(共15小题)完型填空部分包含了一篇短文，短文中有15个空格。

请考生根据上下文选择合适的词语填入空格处。

辨析词义部分包含了10个句子，每个句子中都有一个加下划线的单词，考生需要根据句子的上下文选择最合适的词义。

第五部分：写作(共两个任务)写作部分包含了两个任务，第一个任务是写一篇关于城市交通问题的短文，第二个任务是根据一幅图画写一篇短文。

试卷二第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…试卷三第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)……第四部分：辨析词义(共10小题)…第五部分：写作(共两个任务)…答案及解析试卷一答案及解析听力理解1.B2.C3.A4.B5. C …阅读理解1.A2.D3.B4.C5. A …完型填空1.C2.A3.B4.D5. C …辨析词义1.B2.A3.C4.D5. B …写作任务一：城市交通问题的短文 (此处省略正文)任务二：根据一幅图画写一篇短文 (此处省略正文)试卷二答案及解析…试卷三答案及解析…注意：本文只是提供了试卷的框架和部分内容，实际的试卷内容和答案需要参考真实的2023年6月大学生英语四级考试。

希望本文可以帮助考生们更好地备考，祝大家顺利通过考试！。

2015年6月英语四级翻译真题及答案

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。

中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。

中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其实包括到2020年建成一个太空站。

目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。

同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。

2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。

译文China is one of the oldest cultures in the world, from which much that constructs the foundation of the modern world is derived. China is witnessing the fastest development of its economy and experiencing a new industrial revolution. Also, China has started the ambitious program for exploring the outer space, including to complete a space station by 2020. Currently, being one of the largest exporters in the world, China is attracting massive foreign investment. Simultaneously, it has invested billions of dollars overseas. In 2011, China surpassed Japan as the world’ssecond-largest economy.第二套：那些保持适应性情绪控制状态的人，把逆境看作是暂时性的，相信困难应该会过去的。

在一项危机中，他们很好地调整自己，坚信控制来源于激励的行动而非控制反应。

2023年6月英语四级真题第一套

2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题(一)W r i t i n gP a r t I(30m i nu t e s)D i r e c t i ons:S u p p o se y o u r un i v e r s i t y i s c o n d u c t i n g a sur ve y t o c o l l e c t s t u d e n t s'o p i n i o ns o f o n l i n e c l a s s es.Y o ua r e t o wr i t e a r e s p onse t o t h e s u r v e y ab o u t t h e i r a d v a n t a g e s a n d d i s ad v a n t a g e s,a nd w h a t i m p r o v e m en t sc a nb e m a d e.Y o u w i ll h av e30m i n u t es f o r t h e t a s k.Y o u s h o u ld w r i t e a t l e a s t120w o r d s b u t n o m o r e t h a n180 w o r d s.L i s t en i n g C o m p re h ens i o nP a r tⅡ(25m i nu t e s)S e c t i o n AD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o u w i l l h e a r t h re e n ew s re p o r t s.A t t h e en d o f e a c h n e ws r e p or t,y o u w l l h e ar t wo o r t h r ee q u es t i o n s.B o t h t h e n ews r e p o r t a n d t h e q u e s t i o n s w i l l b e s p o k en o n l y o n c e.A f t e r y o u h ea r a q u e s t i o n,y o u mu s t c h o o se t h e b e s t a n swe r f r o m t h e f o ur c h o i c es m a r k e d A),B),C)a n d D).T h en m ar k t h e co rre s p o n d i n g l e t t e r on A n s w e r S h ee t1w i t h a s i n g l e l i n e t h r ou g h t h e ce n t r e.Q u e s t i o ns1a n d2a r e b as e d on t h e n e w s r e p o r t y o u h a ve j u s t h e a r d.1.A)S h e w as i n v o l v e d i n a con f l i c t w i t h bi r d l o v e r s.B)S h e wa s c h a r g e d w i t h m i s t r ea t i n g an i ma l s.C)S h e w as o n b a d t er m s w i t h h e r n e i g h b ors.D)S h e was a cc u se d o f v i o l a ti n g a c i t y l a w.2.A)I t w i ll t a k e t i me t o so l ve t h e r a t p r o b l em.B)A ll w il d an i ma l s s h o u l d b e w e l l p r o t e c t e d.C)T h e w o m a n w a s n o t t o bl am e f o r t h e s i t u a t i o n.D)N o o n e s h o u l d g o u n p u ni s h e d f o r v i o l a t i n g l a w.Q u es t i o ns3a n d4a r e b a se d o n t h e n e w s r e p o r t y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d.3.A)C o m m u n i c a t e w i t h a s t r o n a u t s i n M a r s D u n e A l p h a.B)W o r k i n an en v i r o n m e n t r e s e m b l i n g M a r s.C)B u i l d a M a r t i a n h a bi t a t i n H o u s t o n.D)S e n d i n a pp li ca t i o n s b e f o r e F r id a y.C)F o o d t h e y g r ow.4.A)R e a d y-m a d e f o o d.D)P o t a t oes mos t l y.B)F o o d t h a t i s o r g a n i cQ ues t i o n s5t o7a r e b a se d on t h e n e w s r e p o r t y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d.5.A)H e a p o l o g i ze d f o r s c ra t c h i n g an a t hl e t e's g o l d m e d a l.B)H e wa s as k e d t o p res en t a g o l d m e d a l t o M i u G o t o.C)H e bi t a s o f t b a l l p l a y e r's O l y m p i c g o l d m e d a l.D)H e a tt r a c t e d p u b l i c a t t en t i o n a t a m e d i a eve n t.6.A)H a v e a no t h e r p i c t u r e t a k en w i t h t h e O l y m p i c m e d a l i s t.B)A p o l o g i ze t o t h e I n t e rn a t i o n a l O l y m p i c C o mm i t t ee.C)G e t t h e d a ma g e d me d a l r e p a i r e d.D)P a y f o r t h e cos t o f a ne w m e d a l.第1页，共8页C)T r e a t t h e m a s t r e as u r e s.7.A)A l l o w n o o ne t o t o u c h t h e m.B)S e e t h em as s y m b o l s o f h o n o r.D)K e e p t h e m i n a s a f e p l a ce.S e c t i o n BD i r ec t i on s;I n t h i s se c t i o n,y o u w i l l h e ar t w o o n g c o n v ers a t i o n s.A t t h e e n d o f e a c h c o n v e r s a t i o n,y o u w i l l h e ar f o u r q u e s t i o n s.B o t h t h e co n v er s a t i o n a n d t h e q ues t i o n s w i l b e s p o k e n o n l y o n c e.A f t er y o u h ea r a q u es t i o n,y o u m u s t c h o o s e t h e b e s t an s w e r f r o m t h e f o u r c h o i c e s m a r k e d A),B),C)a n d D).T h e n ma r k t h e c o rr e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A ns w e r S h ee t1w i t h a s i n g l e l i n e t h ro u g h t h e c e n t r e.Q u es t i o n s8t o11a r e b a s e d on t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d.8.A)S h e c o v e r e d i t s s cre e n w i t h a p l a s t i c s h ee t.B)S h e c onne c t e d i t w i t h h e r s m a r t p h o n e.C)S h e d e c o ra t e d i t w i t h co l o r f u l s t i c k e r s.D)S h e b o u g h t s o m e new s o f t w a r e f o r i t.C)I t i s more h a r m f u l t o y o u n g p eo p l e.9.A)I t m a y n o t b e s i m p l y b l u e.B)I t i n c l u d es u n n a t u r a l l i g h t.D)I t i n d u c e s p eo p l e t o f a l l as l e e p.10.A)H e h a s h a d mu c h t r o u bl e f a ll i n g as l ee p.B)H e h as h a d so m e s o r t o f h ea l t h p r o b l e ms.C)H e h a s s t a y e d u p p l a y i n g co m p u t er g a m e s.D)H e h a s b e e n b ur d e n e d w i t h e xc es s i v e w o r k.11.A)E x p o s u r e t o b l u e li g h t i s t h e c h i e f c a u s e o f o b e s i t y.B)S l ee p m a y b e m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a n p e o p l e a ss u m e d.C)S l e e p ma y a l s o b e n e g a t i ve l y a f f e c t e d b y n a t ur a l l i g h t,D)O v er u se o f e l e c t r o n i c d e v i c es ma y ca u s e h ea r t d i s e a se.Q u e s t i o n s12t o15a r e b a se d o n t h e co n v e r sa t i o n y o u h a v e j us t h e a r d.12.A)W h a t t h e y w a n t e d t o b e w h e n g r ow n u p.B)W h a t t h e i r f a v o r i t e c ar t oo n c h a r a c t e r w as.C)W h a t t h e y l e a r n e d f r o m c o m p u t er g a m es.D)W h a t t h e y l i k e d t o d o m o s t a f t e r s c h o o l.C)A m ec h a n i c a l e n g i ne e r.13.A)A s t o c k b r o k e r.D)A b a s k e t b a l l p l a y e r.B)A p o p s i n g e rC)I m a g i n a t i ve.14.A)A m b i t i o u s.D)P rac t i ca l.B)S e ns ib l e.15.A)R e l ax t h e i r s t r i c t con t r o l o f t h e i r k i d s.B)H e l p t h e i r ki d s u n d ers t a n d t h em se l v es.C)I m p o s e t h e i r ow n d r e a m s o n t h e i r k i d s.D)D i s m i s s t h e i r h i g h e x p e c t a t i o ns o f t h e i r k i d s.S e c t i o n CD i r ec t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i on,y o u w i l h ea r t h r ee p a s sa g e s.A t t h e e n d o f eac h p ass a g e,y o u w i ll h e a r t h re e o r f o u r q u es t i o ns.B o t h t h e p a s s a g e a n d t h e q u es t i o n s w i l l b e s p o k e n o n l y o n c e.A f t e r y o u h e a r a q u e s t i o n,y o u m u s t c h oo s e t h e b es t a n s w e r f r o m t h e f o ur c h o i c e s mar k e d A),B),C)a n d D).T h en m a r k t h e c o r re s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t1w i t h a s i n g l e l i ne t h r o u g h t h e cen t r e.Q u e s t i on s16t o18a r e b as e d o n t h e p a s sa g e y o u h a v e j us t h ea r d.C)I n t ro d u c e i P h on es i n t o i t s m a r k e t s.16.A)S e t u p c o m p an y b r a n c h e s.D)P r o m o t e I n t e rn e t-r ea d y p h o ne s.B)I m p rov e i t s i n f r a s t ru c t u re.第2页，共8页C)T h e y a re m o r e p o w e r f u l a n d ca p a bl e.17.A)T h e y c a t e r t o A f r i c a n s'n e e d s.D)T h e y b oas t t h e l on g e s t b a tt e r y l i f e.B)T h e y a r e m o re e x p e n s i v e mo d e l s.C)A v o i ce-r e s p o n s e d e v i ce.18.A)A l ar g e t o u c h sc r e e n.D)A di g i t a ll y-d es i g n e d s y s t em.B)A n o ld-s c h o o l k e y p a d.Q u e s t i o n s19t o21a r e b a se d o n t h e p as s a g e y ou h a v e j u s t h e a r d.19.A)I t ens u re d s u s t a i n a b l e ec o n om i c g r o w t h.B)I t w a s s t r o n g l y o p p o s e d b y m a n u f a c t ur e r s.C)I t was c h e a p e r t h a n u s i n g f o ss i l f u e l p l a s t i c.D)I t sa t i s f i e d c o n s u m e r d e m a n d s o n t h e w h o l e.20.A)T h e c a p a c i t y t o m as s p r o d u c e i t.B)T h e U.S.f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t's re g u l a t i o n s.C)A b oo m i n m a r k e t d em a n d f o r c l ea r p l a s t i c b o t t l es.D)A r a p i d i n c r e a s e i n U.S.p e t r o l e u m c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t i o n21.A)R e q u i r e c o m p an i e s t o u s e30%o f n e w p l as t i c.B)I n c r ease t h e s u p p l y o f ne w p l a s t i c i n t h e m ar k e t.C)R e d u c e t h e a m o u n t o f p l as t i c p o ll u t i on i n l o ca l ar ea sD)T a k e me a s u res t o p r o m o t e t h e u se o f re c y c l e d p l a s t i c.Q u e s t i o n s22t o25a r e b ase d o n t h e p assa g e y o u h a v e j u s t h e a r d22.A)I t s t u d i es d r ea m s C)I t i s a h o t e l f o r b u s i n e s s p e o p l eD)I t i s a na p re sea r c h i ns t i t u t e.B)I t r e n t s a p l ac e f or n a p-t a k er s23.A)T o fi n d o u t cre a t i v e p eo p l e's wo r k p e r f o rm a n c e.B)T o se e h o w m a n y p e o p l e c a n g o w it h o u t na pp i n gC)T o un d er s t a n d t h e o b v i ous i m p o r t a n c e o f n a p p i n g.D)T o f e e l h o w d if fi cu l t i t i s t o g e t h i s i d ea a c ros s.24.A)T h e y d ec l i n e d u e t o p o i n t l es s m ee t i n g sB)T h e y d e p e n d o n h i s a bi li t y t o c o n c e n t r a t e.C)T h e y e n a b l e h i m t o e n j o y a c r ea t i v e ca r e er.D)T h e y a r e a f f e c t e d b y t h e o v eru s e o f s o c i a l m e di a.25.A)S o m e b o s s e s a s s o c i a t e n a pp i n g w i t h l a z i n e s s.B)M a n y o f fi ce w or k er s n a p d u r i n g w o r k h our s.C)S o m e b o s s e s c a n c o n ce n t r a t e w i t h o u t na p p i n g.D)M a n y o f h i s f r i e n d s d a y d r e a m i n t h e o f fi c e.P a r tⅢR ea d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(40m i n u t e s)S e c t i o n AD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s ec t i o n,t h er e i s a p a ss a g e w i t h t e n b l a n k s.Y o u ar e r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t o n e w o r d f o r eac h b l a n k f rom a l i s t o f c h o i c es g i ve n i n a w o r d b a n k f o l l ow i n g t h e p a s s a g e.R ea d t h e p a s s a g e t h r o u g h c a r e f u ll y b e f o re ma k i n g y o u r c h o i c es.E ac h c h o i c e i n t h e b a n k i s i d e n t i f i e d b y a l e t t er.P l ea s e m a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t er f o r e a c h i t e m o n A n s w e r S h e e t2w i t h a s i n g l e l i n e t h ro u g h t h e c e n t r e.Y o u m a y no t us e an y o f t h e w o r d s i n t h e b a n k m o re t h a n o n c e.Y o u p r o b a b l y h a v en't t a k e n t h e t i m e t o t h i n k o f a l l t h e wor k t h a t wen t i n t o cr ea t i n g t h e s h i r t on y o u r b a c k.I m e a n,h o w h a r d i t co u l d b e t o c r ea t e f a b r i c an d26i t i n t o a s h i r t s h a p e.D o n't m a c h i nes d o a l l t h a t W e l l,cr ea t i n g f a b r i c f r o m c o t t o n,w hi c h i s t h e m o s t27c l o t h i n g ma t e r i a l,i s a c t u a l l y a p ro ce s s第3页，共8页t h a t i n v o l v es a l o t o f wa t e r,2,700l i t e r s p e r s h i r t t o b e_28.T a k e a l o o k a t t h e v i d e o b e l o w f r o m N a t i o n al G e o g r a p h i c f o r s o me m o r e m i n d-b l o w i n g29a b o u t c o tt o n c l o t hi n g p r o d u c t i o n.C l e a n w a t er i s30b e c o m i n g o n e o f t h e mo s t so u g h t-a f t e r r e so u r ce s i n t h e w o r l d.G i v e n h ow l a r g e t h e31a n d c o t t on i n d u s t r i e s a r e,t h e y t a k e u p a l o t o f o u r f r e s h w a t e r d em a n d s across t h e w o r ld, a cc o r d i n g t o T h e H u f f i n g t o n P o s t.T h e v i d e o f r o m N a t i o n a l G e o g r a p h i c w as c r e a t e d t o s p rea d32o f h o w e n v i ro n m e n t a ll y h a r m f u l c o t t o n i s.B u t t h e s i t u a t i o n can b e m a d e b e t t er.T h r o u g h b e tt e r wa t e r ma n a g e me n t a n d f a r m i n g p r a c t i c e s,wa t e r u sa g e i n c o tt o n p r o d u c t i o n ca n b e c u t d own b y_3340 p e r c en t.C a ll e d“B e t t e r C o t t o n”,t h i s e nv i r o n m e n t a ll y c o nsc i o u s p r o d u c t w i l l sa v e m i l li o n s o f l i t e r s o f w a t e r a y e a r s i m p l y f r o m34t h e d e m an d s o f co tt o n p r o d u c t i o n.C o t t o n d oes n't h a v e t o g o,s i n ce i t i s,a f t e r a ll,on e o f t h e m o s t u s e f u l ca s h c r o p s a c r o ss t h e g l o b e.H o w e v e r,as w a t e r s u pp li e s_35,f a r m e r s a n d c o n su m e r s ne e d t o b e m o r e c o n s c i o u s o f t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e se p ro d u c t s h a v e o n t h e e n v i r o n men t a s a w h o l e.I)n e a r l yA)a b s t r a c t sB)a b u n d a n tJ)r e c k o n i n gK)r e d u c i n gC)a war e ne ssL)s ewD)c o n s c i e n c eE)e x a c t M)s h r i n kN)s t a t i s t i c sF)i nc reas i n g l yO)t e x t i l eG)i n t e n s eH)m e n dS e c t i o n BD i r ec t i ons:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o u a r e g o i n g t o rea d a p a ssa g e w i t h t e n s t a t e m en t s a t t a c h e d t o i t.E a c h s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i ns i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n i n o ne o f t h e p a r a g r a p h s.I d e n t i f y t h e p a ra g r a p h f r o m w h i c h t h e i n f o rm a t i o n i s d e r i v e d.Y o u m a y c h o o se a p a r a g r a p h m o re t h an on c e.E a c h p a r a g r a p h i s m a r k e d w i t h a l e tt e r.A n swe r t h e q u es t i o n s b y m a r k i n g t h e c o r re s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s we r S h e e t2.T h e s p o k en w e bA)W e'r e g r ow i n g m o re use d t o c h a t t i n g t o o u r c o m p u t e r s,p h o n e s a n d s m ar t s p e a k e r s t h r o u g h v o i c ea s s i s t a n t s l ik e A maz o n's A l e x a,A pp l e's S i r i a n d M i c r o s o f t's C o r t a n a.B l i n d a n d p a r t i a l l y s i g h t e dp eo p l e h a v e b ee n us i n g t ex t-t o-s p e e c h c o n v er t e r s f o r d e ca d e s.k n own.T h e a s s i s t a n t u ses v o i c e i n q u i r i e s a n d a na t u r a l-B)O u t o f t h e se a s s i s t a n t s,S i r i i s t h e m os t w e l l-l a n g u a g e u s e r i n t e r f a c e(界面)t o a n s we r q u e s t i o n s.T h e s o f t w a r e a d a p t s t o u se rs'i n d i v id u a l l a n g u a g e u sa g e s,s e ar c h e s,a n d p r e f e re n ces,w i th c o n t i n u i n g u se.C)S o m e t h i n k v o i c e c o u l d s oo n t a k e o ve r f r o m t y p i n g a n d c li c k i n g as t h e ma i n w a y t o i n t e ra c t o n l i n e.B u tw h a t a re t h e c h a ll e n g e s o f m o v i n g t o“t h e s p o k e n w e b"?D)W h a t u s e i s wr i t t en o n l i ne c o n t e n t i f y o u c a n't r e a d?T h a t i s t h e s i t u a t i o n f ac i n g i l l i t e r a t e(不识字的)A f r i can f a r m e r s.T h e y ar e o f t e n d e n i e d c r u c i a l i n f o r ma t i o n t h e w e b o ff e r s m a n y o t h e r s.W i t h al i t e r a c y r a t e i n s om e p a r t s o f A f r i ca a t o n l y22.6%,f a r m e rs a r e o f t e n“u n d er p a i d f o r t h e i r p r o d u ceb ec a u s e t h e y m i g h t b e u n a w ar e o f t h e p r e v a i l i n g p r i ce s,”s a y s F r a n c i s D i t t o h,a r es ea r c h e r b e h i nd M rM e t e o,a s p eec h-b a s e d w e a t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i ce.E)“T h e m o s t f r e q u e n t l y h ear d c o m p l a i n t i s a b o u t r a i n f a ll p re d i c t i o n s,”sa y s M r D i t t o h,w h o l i v es i nT a m a l e,n o r t h e r n G h a n a.“T h e y t e ll u s t h e m e t h o d s t h e i r f o r e f a t h e rs u se d t o p r e d i c t t h e w e a t h erd o n't s ee m t o wo r k a s w e ll t h e se d a y s.”T h i s i s d o w n t o c li m a t e c h a n g e,h e b e l i e v es.Y e t k n o w i n g第4页，共8页w h e n i t 's g o i n g t o r a i n i s v i t a l f o r f a r m e r s w a n t i n g t o s o w se e d s ,i r r i g a t e c r o p s o r t a k e t h e i r a n i m a l so u t t o t h e f i e l d s t o f e e d o n g r a ss .F ) M r D i t t o h s a y s t h e i d e a o f c o n v e r t i n g o n li n e w e a t h e r r e p or t s i n t o s p ee c h ca m e f r o m t h e f a rm e rst h e m se l v e s ,a f t e r a w o r k s h o p i n t h e v i l l a g e o f G u a b u l i g a h .“T h e y c a m e u p w i t h t hi s ,”h e s a y s . M r M e t e o t a k e s t h e on l i n e w e a t h e r f o r eca s t , co nver t s i t t o a s h o r t r e co r d i n g i n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e l a n g u a g e a n d m a k e s i t a va i l a b l e o n a b a s i c p h o n e .F a rm e r s r i n g u p t o r e c e i v e t h e i n f o r m a t i on .T h e l o c a l l a n g u a g e D a g b an i i s s p o k en b y 1.2 m i ll i o n p e o p l e b u t i s n o t ser ve d b y an y o n li n e t r a n s l a t i on a pp l i c a t i o ns . T h e s e r v i c e w as d e s i g n e d t o b e c h e a p a n d ea s y t o ru n , sa y s M r D i tt o h . H e p l a n s t o b e g i n f i e l d t e s t s t h i s m o n th ,w o r k i n g w i t h T a m a l e 's S a v a n n a A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s e ar c h I n s t i t u t e .G )T h e s p o k e n w e b c ou l d a l so h e l p t h e o n e -i n -f i v e a d u l t s i n E u r o p e a n d t h e U .S .w it h p oo r r ea d i n g s k i l l s .B u t b u il d i n g t h e s p o k en w e b —w e b -t o -v o i ce a n d vo i ce -t o -w e b —i s n 't s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d . F o r so f t wa r e t o u n d e r s t an d p i z z a i s s er ve d a t I t a li a n r e s t a u r a n t s i s e a s y . T o c o ve r m u l t i p l e d o m a i n s an d t o b e a b l e t o h a v e a co nv e r s a t i o n w i t h u s e r s o n e v er y s i n g l e t o p i c i s s t ill a l o n g wa y o f f .H )S o a l t h o u g h man y c o m p u t e r a s s i s t a n t s can a n s w e r s i m p l e q u e s t i on s a b o u t t h e w e a t h e r a n d p l a y m u s i cf o r u s ,a n y t hi ng r es em b l i n g a w i d e -ra n g i n gh u man co nversa ti on i s d e ca d es aw a y .A r t i f i c i a l i n t e l li g e nc ej us t i sn 't s mar t en o u g h y e t .E v e n t ur n i n g y o u r v o i ce i n t o t e x t —a u t o m a t i c s p e e c h r eco g n i t i o n —i s one o f t h e h a r d es t p r o bl e ms t o s o l ve ,as t h e r e a r e as m a n y w a y s t o p ro no u nc e t h i n g s a s t h e r e ar e p e o p l e o n t h e p l a ne t .I S i r i h a s o f t en b e en p r a i s e d f o r i t s a bi l i t y t o i n t er p r e t o u r ca s u a l l a n g u a g e a n d d e l i v e r ve r y s p ec i f i c a n da c c ur a t e r e s u l t s , s o m e t i mes e v e n p r o v i d i n g a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n .B u t i t i s s t il l s o m e w h a t r e s t r i c t e d ,p ar t i c u l ar l y w h e n t h e l a n g u a g e m ove s aw a y f r o m s t i f f e r com m an d s i n t o m o r e h u man i n t er a c t i o n s . I n one e xa m p l e ,t h e p h ras e “S e n d a t e x t t o J as o n ,C li n t ,S a m ,an d L e e sa y i n g w e 'r e h av i n g d i nn e r a t S il v er C l o u d res t au r a n t ”w a s i n t e r p r e t e d as s e n di n g a m e s s a g e t o J a s on o n l y ,co n t a i n i n g t h e t ex t “C li n t S am a n d L e e s a y i n g w e 'r e h a v i n g d i n n e r a t S i l ver C l o u d r es t a u r a n t ”.I t h as a l s ob een no t e d t h a t S i r i l ac k s a p ro p e r ed i t i n g f u nc t i o n ,a s sa y i n g “E d i t me s s a g e t o sa y :w e 'r e a t S i l v e r C l o u d r es t a u ra n t a n d y o u s h o u l d co m ef i n d u s ”g e n e ra t e s “C l i n t S a m a n d L e e sa y i n g we 'r e h av i n g d i nne r a t S i l v e r C l o u d r e s t a ur an t t o sa y we 'r e a t S i l v er C l o u d r es t a ur a n t a n d y o u s h o u ld c o me fi n d u s ”.J )U s i n g v o i c e i n t e r a c ti o n f e e l s f a r m o r e i n t i m a t e t h a n s u r f i n g t h e n e t t h e o l d -f a s h i o ne d wa y .T h i s i si n t e n t i o na l a s t h e i n f o r m a l t o n e o f t h e a ss i s t a n t h e l p s c r e a t e an e mo t i o n a l a tt a c h m e n t .B u t i f s o m e t h i n g s p e a k s , i t m u s t a l so l i s t e n . O u r p h on es a r e a l w a y s n ea r u s a n d t h e y a r e c o l l ec t i n g d a t a a b o u t u s a l l t h e t i m e . T h i s h a s a l re a d y ra i s e d p r i v a c y c o n c e rn s . T h e A m e r i can C i v i l L i b e r t i es U n i o n h as s t a t e d t h a t di g i t a l a ss i s t a n t s cr ea t e a t h r e a t t o p r i v a c y f r om h ac k er s .S o m e p e o p l e h av e o t h e r conc e r n s .T h e y w o r r y a s s i s t a n t s w i l l on e d a y b e u s e d t o d e li v er a d ve r t i s i n g d i r e c t l y t o u s .K )B u t d i g i t a l v o i c es n e e d m ore p e rs o n a l i t y t o m a k e t h e m p o p u l a r .R o b o t s ar e n o t y e t w i tt y , S i r i i s b o r i n g .T h e b e n e f i t s o f u s i n g v o i c e i ns t ea d o f t a pp i n g f i n g e r s o b v i o u s l y d e p e n d on t h e c on t e x t .D oc t o r s c om p l e t i n g o n li n e f or ms a b ou t t h e i r p a t i e n t s b y s p e e c h , f o r e x a m p l e , c a n d i c t a t e 150 wo r d s a m i n u t e ,t h re e t i me s f a s t er t h a n t y p i n g o n a k e y b o a r d . T h i s en a bl e s t h e m t o s p e n d l es s t i m e o n a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a n d m o r e t i m e w i t h p a t i e n t s .L ) L as t y ea r ,s p e cc h r e c o g n i t i o n c o m p a n y N u a n c e h e l p e d a d oc t o rs 'su r g e r y i n D u ki n f i e l d ,n ea rM a nc h e s t e r , s e t u p a s p eec h s y s t e m f or t h e p r ac t i ce 's s i x d o c t ors . N o w t h e y c a n d i c t a t e n o t es o n a p a t i e n t 's h e a l t h c o n d i t i o n a n d t r e a t me n t a n d a s m ar t ass i s t an t a u t o ma t i c a l l y e n t er s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n t o t h e r i g h t f i e l d s o n a w e b f o rm .P r e v i o u s l y ,t h e d oc t o r s ma d e v o i ce re c o r d i n g s t h a t w er e t h en t r an s c r i b e d b y s ec r e t ar i e s —a p r o c e ss t h a t w as c os t l y an d l ik e l y t o ca u s e d e l a y s . T h e n e w s y s t e m m ea ns l e tt e r s t o p a t i e n t s n o w h a ve m o re d e t a i l .第5页，共8页M)U s i n g v o i c e a l s o m a k es s e ns e w h en y ou'r e d o i n g o t h e r th i n g s w i t h y o u r h a n d s.T hi n k a b o u t w h e n y o u'r e c o o k i n g,a n d y o u j u s t w a n t t o k n o w w h a t t h e n e x t s t e p i n t h e r e c i p e i s.Y o u r h an d s a r e cov e r e d w i t h o il;y o u'r e n o t g o i n g t o g e t o n th e i P a d,s o i t's a l o t mo r e n a t u r a l t o t a l k.A n d s p e e c h o b v i o u s l y m a k es s e n s e w h e n y o u'r e d r i v i n g.I n t h e U.S.,29%o f d r i ve r s a d m i t t h e y s ur f b e h i n d t h e w h e e l,a c c o r di n g t o i n s u r a n ce fi r m S t a t e F a r m.T h i s i s u p f r o m13%i n2009.N o wo n d e r u s i n g mob i l e p h o n e sw h i l e d r i v i n g ca us e s m ore c ras h e s a y e a r t h a n d r i n k d r i v i n g,s a y s t h e U.S.N a t i on a l S a f e t y C o u n c i l.36.A c c o r di n g t o F r a n c i s D i t t o h,t h e i r s p e e c h-b a s e d we a t h e r i n f o r ma t i o n ser v i c e w as me a n t t o b ei n e x p e n s i v e a n d e a s y t o u s e37.U s i n g v o i c e i ns t ea d o f t y p i n g e n a bl es d o c t o r s t o s p e n d mo r e t i m e t a k i n g c a r e o f p a t i e n t s.38.I t i s e x t rem e l y di f f i c u l t t o c on ve r t v o i c e i n t o t e x t b e ca u s e o f d i ff e r e n t p r o n u n c i a t i o n s.39.A f r i ca n f ar me r s u na b l e t o r e a d o f t e n d o n't h a v e acc e ss t o i m p or t a n t i n f o r ma t i o n co n ve y e d o n li ne.40.S o m e p h o n e u s er s wo rr y a d v e r t i se r s w i l l t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f v o i ce a s s i s t a n t s t o sen d a d s d i r e c t l y t o t h e m.41.T h e s p o k e n w e b i s h e l p f u l w h e n one's h a n d s a r e o c cu p i e d.42.S o me p e o p l e b e l i e v e o n l i ne i n t e r a c t i o n w o u l d s o o n d e p en d m a i n l y o n v o i c e,43.S e tt i n g u p a s p o k e n w e b i s b y n o m ea n s an e as y t a s k.44.W e a t h e r i n f or m a t i o n i s e x t r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t t o f a r m ers.45.S o m e p e o p l e are conc er n e d a b o u t p r i va c y b eca u s e th e i r p h o n e s a r e c o ns t a n t l y c o l l e c t i n g t h e i r p e r so n a li n f o r ma t i o n.S e c t i o n CD i r e c t i on s:T h ere a re2p as s a g e s i n t h i s sec t i o n.E a c h p a s s a g e i s f o l l o w ed b y s o me q ue s t i o n s o r u n f i n i s h e d s t a t e m e n t s.F o r e ac h o f t h em t h e r e a r e f o u r c h o i c es m a r k e d A),B),C)a n d D).Y o u s h o u l d d e c i d e on t h e b es t c h o i c e a nd m a r k t h e co r r e s p o n di n g l e t t er o n A nsw er S h ee t2w i t h a s i n g l e li n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.P a s sa g e O n eQ u es t i o n s46t o50a r e b ase d on t h e f o ll o w i n g p assa g e.T h e U n i t e d S t a t es i s f ac i n g a h ou s i n g c r i s i s;A ff o r d a b l e h o u s i n g i s i na d e q u a t e,w h i l e l u x u r y h o mes a b ou n d(充裕),an d h o m e l e s s ne ss r e m a i n s a p e rs i s t e n t p r o bl e m.D e s p i t e t hi s,p o p u l a r c u l t u re a n d t h e housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities(便利设施).Big h o u ses a r e a d v er t i z e d as a r e w a r d f o r h a r d w or k an d dili g e nc e,t ur n i n g h o us i n g f r om a b a s i c n ec e ss i t y i n t o a l u x u r y.T h i s i s r e fl e c t e d i n o u r h o m e s.T h e av e ra g e s i n g l e-f a m i l y h o m e b u il t i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t es b e f o r e1970 w a s l e s s t h a n1,500s q u ar e f e e t i n s i z e.B y2016,t h e ave r a g e s i z e o f a n e w,s i n g l e-f a m i l y h o m e w as2,422 s q u a r e f e e t.W h a t's m ore,h o mes b u i l t i n t h e2000s were m o r e li k e l y t h a n e ar li e r m o d e l s t o h a v e m o re o f a ll t yp e s o f s p a ces:b e d r oo m s,b a t h ro oms,l i v i n g r oo ms,d i n i n g r oo m s,r e c r e a t i o n r o oms a n d g a r a g e s.T h e r e a r e c o n s e q u e n ce s o f li v i n g bi g.A s m i d d l e-c l a s s h ou s e s h a v e g r o wn l a r g e r,t wo t hi n g s h a v e h a p p e ne d.F i r s t,l a r g e h o u s es t a k e t i m e t o m a i n t a i n,s o c l e a n e r s a n d o t h er l o w-w a g e se r v i c e wor k e r s a r e re q u i r e d t o k ee p t h e s e h o u ses i n o r d e r.S e c o n d,o n ce-p u bli c s p a ce s,w h ere p e o p l e f r om d i v e r se b a c k g r o u n d s us e d t o c o me t o g e t h e r,h av e i nc r e a s i n g l y b e c o me p r i v a t i z e d,l e a d i n g t o a r e d u c t i o n i n t h e n u m b e r o f p u b li c f a c ili t i e s av a i l a b l e t o a ll,a n d a r e d u ce d q u a l i t y o f l i f e f o r ma n y.T a k e sw i m m i n g p o o l s. W h i l e i n1950,o n l y2,500U.S.f a m ili es o w n e d p oo l s,b y1999t h i s nu m b e r was4m illi o n.A t t h e sa m e t i me,p u b l i c m u n i c i p a l p oo l s w e re o f t e n c l o s e d,l e a v i n g l ow-i n c o me p e o p l e n o w h ere t o sw i m.T h e t r en d f o r b i gg e r h o u s i n g t h u s p oses e t hi c a l q u es t i o ns.S h o u l d A m e r i ca ns a c ce p t a s y s t em i n w h i c h t h e m i d d l e a n d u pp e r c l a s s e s e n j o y a l ux u r i o u s l i f e s t y l e,u s i n g t h e l o w-w a g e l a b o r o f o t h e r s A r e w e w il l i n g t o acce p t a s y s t em i n w hi c h an i nc r e a se i n am e n i t i e s p ur c h a se d b y t h e a f f l u e n t me ans a r e d u c t i o n i n ame n i t i e s f o r t h e p o o r?第6页，共8页。

(2015-2020)大学英语四级考试真题合集

C) Submit an important document.
B) Raise some environmental issues.
D) Revise an environmental report.
1
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover them.
C) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve.
B) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.
D) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.
B) By using less aluminum.
D) By making the most of materials.
12. A) We are running out of natural resources soon.
B) Only combined efforts can make a difference.
B) He is willing to offer the woman a hand.
C) He will tell the woman his decision later.
D) He would like to become a club member.
2. A) Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpriced.
13. A) Miami. B) Vancouver. C) Bellingham. D) Boston.

2024年6月英语四级真题试卷第1套及答案解析

2024年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) Investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.B) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ sympt oms of depression.4. A) It was indefinite. C) It was straightforward.B) It was systematic. D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases. C) To cut down training expenses.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology. D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process. C) Cloning is ethically controversial.B) The technology is yet to be accepted. D) The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online. C) He read an article reviewing it.B) He heard about it from a coworker. D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publications. C) His address.B) His first book. D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data. C) Clarify many new concepts.B) Relax a bit less often. D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes. C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.B) Watch the series together with the woman. D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers. C) Vegetarians.B) Vendors. D) Organisers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendors. C) The festival they are organising.B) The completion of the baking task. D) The deadline for application.15. A) The closing date of submission. C) The details of the ceremony.B) The website of his company. D) The organiser’s address.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed. C) Health experts advise going outdoors.B) Access to official campsites is limited. D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents. C) It has caused environmental concerns.B) It leads to much waste of public money. D) It has created conflicts among campers.18. A) Look for open land in Scotland. C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.B) Leave no trace of their camping. D) Ask for permission from authorities. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They outcompete mythical creatures. C) They truly exist in the Amazon region.B) They usually mind their own business. D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins’ fighting. C) Unhealed wounds from snake bites.B) Skin infection from water pollution. D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent. C) It makes them mentally immature.B) It causes them to lose dignity. D) It hinders them from getting ahead.24. A) It challenges one’s willpower. C) It calls for due assistance.B) It results from education. D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles. C) College loans.B) Poor budgeting. D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have 26 , evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise 27 for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.This is 28 due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before 29 into some of the key take-aways, an important 30 made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former 31 such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such 32 intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found 33 results from19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no 34 to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择) for improving mood is 35 intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Do Americans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was thequestion that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, h e predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked onaverage had fallen to slightly less than 39.B)But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the workingweek remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technologyto increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.D)In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has nottranslated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals tomany economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provideeffective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequalitymeans that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week.But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of livingwould continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four- to eight-fold predicted range.H)This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shiftin 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.I)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technologicalunemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shownthat the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.40. Man y economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct fora time in the 20th century.42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through oth ers’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the。

2024年6月第1套英语四级真题

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第一套)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have30minutesfor the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B)Because of the smoke and heat damage2.A)Investigating the cause of the incident.B)Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C)Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D)Becauseof the collapse of the three-story building.C)Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D)Checking town records for the property developer.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It plays a less important role in one's health than nutrient intake.B)It impacts people's health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C)It is associated with people's mental health conditionsD)It is linked with older adults'symptoms ofdepression4.A)It was indefinite C)It was straightforward.B)It was systematic.D)It was insignificant. Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It has helped solve several murder cases.B)It has become a star police dog in Beijing6.A)To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B)To test the feasibility of cloning technology.7.A)Cloning is too complicated a processB)The technology is yet to be accepted C)It has surpassed its mother in performance.D)It has done better than naturally born dogs.C)To cut down training expensesD)To reduce their training time.C)Cloning is ethically controversial.D)The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you1·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He read it somewhere online.B)He heard about it from a coworker.9.A)His publications.B)His first book.10.A)Collect a lot more data.B)Relax a bit less often.11.A)Find out the show's most interesting episodesB)Watch the series together with the woman.C)He read an article reviewing it.D)He watched a TV series based on it.C)His addressD)His name.C)Clarify many new conceptsD)Read more reference books.C)Get an e-Copy of the book to read.D)Check to see when the show starts.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To check the prices of his farm produce.B)To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.13.A)Bakers.B)Vendors14.A)The issuing of certificates to vendors.B)The completion of the baking task.15.A)The closing date of submission.C)To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D)To seekthe man's help with her work on the farm.C)Vegetarians.D)OrganisersC)The festival they are organising.D)The deadline for application.C)The details of the ceremonyB)The website of his company.D)The organiser'saddressSection CDirections:In this section,you will hearthre passages.At the end ofeach passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centreQuestions16to18are based on the passage you havejust heard.16.A)Most scenic sites have been closed.B)Access to official campsites is limited17.A)It is strongly opposed by nearby residentsB)It leads to much waste of public money18.A)Look for open land in ScotlandB)Leave no trace of their camping C)Health experts advise going outdoors.D)People have more time during the summer.C)It has caused environmental concernsD)It has created conflicts among campers.C)Avoid getting close to wilderness.D)Ask for permission from authorities.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)They outcompete mythical creatures.B)They usually mind their own business.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·C)They truly exist in the AmazonregionD)They resemble alarmingly large snakes 220.A)Scar tissue from dolphins'fighting.B)Skin infection from water pollution.21.A)It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.C)Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D)Swimming along in seasonal floods.B)It has been placed under international protection.C)It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphinsD)It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions22to25are based on the passageyou have just heard.22.A)About58%of young adults call parental support the new normal.B)Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial supportC)A full70%of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D)Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support23.A)It renders them dependent.C)It makes them mentally immature.B)It causes them to lose dignity.D)It hinders them from getting ahead.24.A)It challenges one's willpower C)It calls for due assistance.B)It results from education.D)It defines adulthood.25.A)Current lifestyles C)College loansB)Poor budgeting.D)Emergency expensesPartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It's well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health.Yet whereas most countries have26evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise27for various physical health benefits,such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is28due to a lack of necessary evidence.However,a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before29into some of the key take-aways,an important30made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic.The former31such things as walking,jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy.In contrast,anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such32intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaksdown glucose(葡萄糖)in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise,the researchers,led by John Chan at Shenzhen University,found33resultsfrom19relevant studies.Some3·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·favoured higher intensity,others low,while seven studies found that intensity made no34_to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise,however,the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择)for improving mood is35intensity,perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasantA)constitutesB)contradictoryC)decisionD)detailedE)differenceF)dippingG)distinctionH)falling I)involves J)moderate K)notified L)partlyM)required N)traditionally O)vigorousSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Why DoAmericans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work15hours a week?That was the question that worriedthe British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”in1930.Over the next century,he predicted,the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all.For a while,it looked like Keynes was right.In1930the average working week was47hours in the United States.But by1970,the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than39.B)But then something changed.Instead of continuing to decline,the duration of the working week remainedstable.It has stayed at just below40hours for nearly five decades.So what happened?Why are people working just as much today as in1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase theeconomy's productivity,which he thought would lead to a standard of living“between four and eight times as high as it is today.”But Keynes got that right:Technology has made the economy massively more productive.According to Benjamin M.Friedman,an economistat Harvard,the U.S.economy is right ontrack to reach Keynes's eight-fold(八倍)multiple by2029.That is a century after the last data Keynes wouldhave had access to.D)In a new paper,Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increasedleisure time.Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied,always wanting more money to buy the next ·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·4new thing.This is a theory that appeals to many economists.“This argument is,at best,far from sufficient,”he writes.If that were the case,why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that,in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effectiveopportunitiesfor personal connections and relationships,people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.There is support for this theory.Many people today consider colleagues as friends.But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive.Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family,rather than at work.Furthermore,this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S.working week in the1970s.F)A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman.That is:American inequality means that the gainsof increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone.In other words,most Americans are too poor to work less.Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers,this one fits chronologically(按年代).Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II,along with the duration of the working week.But since the early1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continuerising for everyone.But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole,it is not at all the case for the median(中位数的)American worker.For them,output by2029is likely to be around3.5times what it was when Keynes was writing.This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted rangeH)This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period,complete with a shift in1973that fitsin precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.According to Friedman,between1947and1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers(those who were not in management roles)in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy.But by2013the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen5percent from the1973level in terms of actual purchasing power.Thus,though American incomes may have gone up since1973,the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down.For most Americans,then,the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around1973.Thus,they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of livingI)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment.This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do somuch.In Keynes's vision,the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure.But Friedman says that,for Americans,reality is much darker.Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that,for half of hourly workers,their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much.Rather,we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question.If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less,why do they continue to work so much?(Indeed,research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.)5·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Friedman believes that for many top earners,work is a labor of love.They are doing work they care about and are interested in,and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden.For them,it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves.And,of course,they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣)Keynes predicted is here.After all,the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected.But for most Americans,that prosperity is nowhere to be seen.And,as a result,neither are those shorter working weeks.36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37.As ordinary American workers'average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity,they had towork just as manyhours as before to keep their living standards.38.American workers'average weekly workingtime has not changed for nearly half a century.39.Friedman believes inequality in the rgely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted inreduced working hours.40.Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisuretime.41.An economist'sprediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the20thcentury.42.In the bor market,the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure anyemployment even if it is low-paid.43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44.Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing45.According to Keynes,there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuingtorise.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said,“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing,or seeking self-worth through others'approval,is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves?If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time,wouldn't it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately,sense often isn't driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked,and caring about the effect we have on others,is healthy and allows us to make connections.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·6However,where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and werecompletely dependent on others to take care of us:Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate,they are alsotrying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so,to a four-year-old,if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her,there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approveof us,it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek,your need for external validation will start to vanish,leaving you stronger,more confident,and yes,happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrainour authentic selves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others,we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves,becauseultimately,there is no difference.So embrace the cliché(老话)and loveyourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.46.What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation?A)We should seethrough otherpeople's attempt to make a prisonerof us.B)We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C)We can never be truly free if taking to heart others'opinion of us.D)We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.47.What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval?A)Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.C)Our identity as social beings will be affected.B)Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting D)Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48.What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A)Our desperate longing for interactions with others.C)Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.B)Our understanding of the workings of the world.D)Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49.What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?A)Enjoy a happier life.C)Receive more external validation.B)Exercise self-restraint.D)Strengthen our power of imagination.50.What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A)Embrace life for ourselves and for others.C)See our experiencesas assets.B)Base our worth on others'opinions.D)Love ourselves as we arePassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.However,a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible.In reality,education does an aging brain good.7·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Throughout life,people's brains constantly renovate themselves.In the late1960s,British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions ofrats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections.This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course,that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time.Just as height usually declines over the years,so does brain volume:Humans lose about4percent every decade starting in their40s.But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower;as long as we are alive and functioning,we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact,scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences,facts,and skills can keep people's minds more flexible.New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure,even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability.Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower.Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease.Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests.Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world atitude,but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck.While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things,a2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences,which can,in turn,refresh the brain.That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says“It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks.It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should.”51.What do some people think of aging adults?A)Their wisdom grows as time goes by.C)They can benefit from late-in-life learning.B)Their memory gradually deteriorates D)They are likely to have mental health issues.52.What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding?A)Brain damage seriously hinders one'slearning.C)Brains can refresh and improve with learning.B)Brain power weakens slower than we imagine D)Brains forge connections under new conditions53.What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A)Doing daily routines by conventional means.C)Imitating old dogs'way of learning new tricksB)Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.D)Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54.What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A)Being curious and desiring knowledge.C)Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks.B)Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.D)Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases55.What is the finding of the2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A)Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.B)Playingnumber games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·8C)Desiring new experiences can help to renovate thebrain.D)Learning new tricks shouldnot beconfined to old dogs only.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on AnswerSheet2.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。

6月英语四级听力真题及原文

6月英语四级听力真题及原文2015年6月英语四级听力真题及原文大学英语四六级考试委员会由全国若干重点大学的有关教授和专家组成，设顾问二人，主任委员一人，副主任委员若干人，专业委员会委员和咨询委员会委员各若干人。

下面是店铺整理的英语四级听力真题及原文，欢迎阅读!Section ADirections: In this section, you will bear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Now let’s begin with the eight shortconversations.1.W: Tom, would you be interested in serving on the membership committee this year?M: Can I get back to you on that in a few days?Q: What does the man mean?2.W: We should buy a good guide book and study it before our trip to Vancouver.M: We could. But they are overpriced. What about the library?Q: What does the man mean?3.W: You took a history course this term, didn’t you? What can you say about it?M: Well, the trouble is that I never get through the weekly reading list, though some books are quite interesting.Q: What does the man mean?4.M: I'm taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend. I found it rather disappointing.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.M: I've been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the man mean?6.M: Look, the curtain is going up slowly and all the lights over the stage are lit up.W: Yeah, the play is starting. Oh, something caught my sleeve. Give me a hand please, Bob.Q: Where are the speakers now?7.W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn’t just plain water. This is mineral water from Tibet.Q: What does the man imply?8.W: When do you have time to discuss our environmental report? I think we will have to make some revisions.M: I’ll be free at 3 o’clock this afternoon. But what exactly needs to be changed?Q: What are the speakers going to do this afternoon?Now you’ll hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneW: Why is it important to recycle?M: There are many reasons. Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills. Landfills are places to dump waste.But they are unpopular, because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that’s bad for people who may build new homes there.Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials, such as aluminum and paper.Finally, recycling can leave a lower garbage bill.Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into landfills, therefore, less money is spent for garbage disposal.W: How has recycling changed over the years?M: Ten or twenty years ago, you could buy milk in returnable, refillable, glass bottles, and many people recycled voluntarily.Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers.Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills, many city governments now have recycling programs.W: How does recycling help the environment?M: Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy.For example, it takes 95 percent less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum.W: Can one person really make a difference? If only a few people recycle, then what’s the point?M: If not you, then who? If we combine our efforts, we can make a difference. Each of us contributes to the waste problem.All the millions of tons of waste that go into landfills started as an old pair of slippers, a broken TV set, or a used magazine that came from somebody’s house—maybe yours!9. Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?10. What does the man say has contributed to the increasing amount of waste over the years?11. According to the man, how does recycling help the environment?12. Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle?Conversation TwoW: Could you please give me information on airfares from Miami to Bellingham, Washington? We’d like to buy a good flight as cheaply as possible.M: Let’s see. I want to advise you to pay the normal one-way economy class fare of $555.If you can fly on a Tuesday or Wednesday and buy your tickets at least 21 days in advance, I suggest you book a round-trip excursion flight.W: But we may not need the return tickets.M: That’s all right. Even if you don’t use them, you should be able to save $89 over the one-way fare.Of course, I’d recommend early booking. You ought to try to reserve the “Super Saver” seats.There are only a few of them and they are 50% cheaper than the others.W: That sounds like a good idea.M: Wait, to save another hundred dollars or so, why don’t you book a flight to Vancouver, Canada?W: But that’s farther than where we want to go.M: I know, but you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham and still save money.And if you are travelling with children, you might be able toget a discount if you fly economy class. But they don’t get any discount.But to take the advantage of the airline’s guarantee fare policy, you’d have to make reservations and pay for your tickets at least six weeks in advance.Try and begin the search for available seats...W: No, thank you.M: Excuse me?W: I’ll call you back if we don’t decide to drive.13.Where is the woman planning to go?14.What is the woman’s purpose in calling the man?15.What does the man advise the woman to do?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。