(全新整理)4月浙江自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1．In Lexicology, we shall study ______.( )A．the combination of morphemes into wordsB. the development of speech sounds of EnglishC．the stylistic effect of sentencesD．the structure of discourse2. Of the four characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ______. ( )A．all national character B. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability3. The first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles were ______. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European Language Family ______.( )A．German/Germanic B. Celts/CelticC. Italian/ItalicD. Sweden/Swedish4. The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ______, semantic change, ______.( )A．exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowingC. creation/borrowingD. affixation/creation5. Almost all mono-morphemic ______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.( )A．verbs B. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions6．In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb ______. ( )1A．with some changesB. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation7.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ the so-called suffixes.( ) A．removing B. combiningC. shorteningD. considering8. Words mainly involved in conversion are ______.( )A．nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD.adjectives, adverbs and verbs9. Grammatical meaning does not include ______.( )A．part of speech B. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness10.According to different demands the major types of dictionaries are ______.( ) A．monolingual, bilingual and multilingualB. general and specializedC. pocket, medium-sized and unabridgedD. all of the above11. Non-basic vocabulary includes ______.( )A．argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above12. Associative meaning is NOT affected by ______.( )A．experience B. cultureC. languageD. education13. The process of meaning relation is also called ______.( )2A．extension B. degradationC. specializationD. elevation14．Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally ______.( ) A．movable B. unstableC. unchangeableD. ununderstandable15. The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of ______.( )A．reference B. senseC. conceptD. meaningⅡ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16. English is more closely related to German than French.( )17. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.( )18. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages. ( )19. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. ( )20. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure cannot be changed. ( )21. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-formation which indicates the attitude of the user.( )22. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations which are generally found in the dictionary.( )23. The origins of the words are a key factor in distinguishing homonyms from polysemants. ( )24. Relative terms are relational opposites, which include verbs reversing the action of each other.( )325. Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.( )Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 1 point for each)26.（） 27.（） 28.（） 29.（） 30. （）31.（） 32.（） 33.（） 34.（） 35. （）Ⅳ.Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. World languages can be grouped into roughly ______ language families on the basis of similarities in the basis word stock and grammar.37. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England, and it can be subdivided into ______ more stages.38. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a ______ quantity of words borrowed form Latin and Scandinavian.39. The words of the basic word stock form the common ______ of the language.440. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are ______.Ⅴ.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each) Example: disobey (Affixation)41. airline （）42. shadow (v) （）43. exploitation （）44. swimmer （）45. motel （）Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. What is vocabulary?47. What is motivation?48. What are the major sources of English synonyms?49. What are the causes of semantic change?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the given sentence(s). Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. She told me that he was Jack of all trades.5。
4月浙江自考旅游英语试题及答案解析
4月浙江自考旅游英语试题及答案解析浙江省2018年4月高等教育自学考试旅游英语试题课程代码：06010Ⅰ.Make the best choice to complete the following sentences.(20%)1.The Internet is______.( )A. ever changingB. stableC. fixedD. copying itself2.Problems and setbacks of the Internet include______.( )A. crimes and playing gamesB. over-indulgence and hackersC. crimes and chatting too muchD. rumour-spreading3.Two of the basic building blocks to the Internet are______.( )A. Connections and ChipsB. Connections and RAMC. Clients and ConnectionsD. Hosts and Cables4.In Legal English, ______is used, among other things.( )A. long and loose structureB. short but complex structureC. prepositional phrases and nominalsD. Long structures and Declarative sentences5.Conciseness means______.( )A. brevityB. use of superfluous elementsC. ambiguityD. vividness6.‘Social impact’equals to______.( )A. social corruptionB. social benefitC. social influenceD. social impression7.Re servations are ______receipt of one night’s deposit being received at the hotel 60 days prior to the group’s arrival.( )A. forB. subject toC. owing toD. ready to8.These problems are bound to be resolved. “be bound to”refers to______.( )A. are possibleB. are certain to1C. are difficultD. are easy9.In China, publicity is generally synonymous with______.( )A. developmentB. promotionC. activitiesD. attraction10.Miao people live in the______.( )A. westB. southC. eastD. north11.I have to check ______now.( )A. outB. awayC. onD. up12.The baggage that is carried in a special compartment of the plane on which the passenger is flying is called______.( )A. carry-onB. taggedC. checkedD. unaccompanied13.The job of ______is to examine the contents of all baggage brought into the country.( )A. immigrationB. customs inspectorsC. flight attendantD. tax collectors14.An official who is ______can spoil a tourist’s entire vacation by creating a bad impression.( )A. politeB. courteousC. rudeD. friendly15.______is a special endorsement by a country to allow a foreigner to enter the country.( )A. A passportB.A visaC. A customs declarationD. An immigration card16.The tax on things brought into a country iscalled‘______’.( )A. feeB. chargeC. dutyD. tuition17.Available rooms are______.( )A. occupiedB. emptyC. unoccupiedD. taken218.In “Deplaning passengers”,deplaning refers to______.( )A. boarding the planeB. climbing the planeC. leaving the planeD. planning19.______are usually in the areas where there are beaches and mountains and other things.( )A. HostelsB. MotelsC. Resort hotelsD. Hotels20.We are outlining the extent the Internet is used in different countries at the outset of the 21st century for ready reference. The underlined word means ______.( )A. closingB. completionC. beginningD. endII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write T for True and F for false.(20%)1.The tourist industry is also called hospitality industry.( )2.The style of a business letter should be inconsistent.( )3.The Indented Form is the most traditional form.( )4.In legal English post modifiers are frequently used for precious English.( )5.Telnet is an Internet browser.( )6.“For the attention of”when added o n an envelope means the recipient should pay particular attention to it. ( )7.The use of such expression as “the Best Choice”can be regarded as reminder-oriented advertising. ( )8.Subjunctive mood can be used to soften your tone.( )9.The concluding paragraph usually contains the place of signing.( )10.Transportation provides the movements of goods.( )11.A large hotel corporation that builds hotels in the world often runs them itself.( )12.People traveling by automobile often prefer to stay in the hotels because they can park their cars there.( )13.Cashiers serve the customers at the front desk, which is a part of the accounting department.( )314.The employer in charge of keys and information is often called the bellman.( )15.The front desk of a hotel is almost always divided into different sections.( )16.Advertising is unpaid promotion, while publicity is paid promotion.( )17.Essential qualities of a business letter include promptness.( )18.There are several parts for an agreement .They are the title, the preamble ,the text and the signature.( )19.“Economy”class costs more.( )20. Tourism is one of the largest business in the world for trade among nations.( )III. Match each word or phrase in the column on the left with its meaning in the column on the right. (15%)( )1.fares a. keep( )2.route b. a transportation charge, as for a bus. ( )3.trunk lines c. put for safekeeping( )4.maintain d. according to( )5.off-season e. pay back( )6.deposit f. a part of the year marked by a lessening ofnormal activity, as of a business.( )7.destination g. stimulate( )8.spectacular h. the place where one goes( )9.cozy i. warm( )10.refund j. the main line of a communications ortransportation system.( )11.alter k. change( )12.boost l. increase( )13.employ m. use( )14.in light of n. impressive or sensational.( )15.spur o. way for travel from one place to another. IV. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the sentence.(9%,1.5 points for each)a. populous e. buildb. abound(s) with f. historically4c. unique g. prosperityd. counterparts1.Generally speaking, advertisements in U.K are more formal than their American ______.2.China is the third largest country in the world, and the most______3. ______,Hangzhou has always been known as “the earthly paradise”.4.The city ______fine scenery and historical interest.5.CITS H.O is making further contribution to the ______of China’ tourism.6.Each is ______in both design and style.V. Answer the following questions according to the content of the Reading.(20%)/doc/559951550.html, different kinds of accommodations.(4分)2.What are the different titles of a hotel manager?(3.5 分)3.What does success or failure in good business letter writing depend on?（3分）4.What should the preamble of an agreement consist of?(3分)5.What is the goal of informative product/service advertising?(3分)6.What characteristics does the broadened definition of ecotourism entail ?(3.5分)VI. Translate the following sentences or phrases into English.(16%)1.在西方也有一个谚语：我们为了生存而吃，不是为了吃而生存。
2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?A. StabilityB. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. National character.19. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.A. socialB. verbalC. lexicalD. physicalII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)A B23( )21. apesA. colloquial ( )22. Old EnglishB. a language of full endings ( )23. IrishC. Italic ( )24. tinyD. very formal and official ( )25. FrenchE. yelp ( )26. cattleF. poetic ( )27. domicileG . Celtic ( )28. abodeH. gibber ( )29. foxesI. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle English J. lowⅣ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)31. mismanage( ) 32. elephants-trumpet( ) 33. pretty ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧flower woman girl( ) 34. forehead( ) 35. bossy( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment( ) 38. subsea ( ) 39. a sea of troubles( ) 40. harder( ) Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)41. idiom42. functional words43. degradation44. bilingual dictionary45. conversion Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery4。
自考旅游英语试题及答案解析4月浙江
自考旅游英语试题及答案解析4月浙江浙江省2018年4月高等教育自学考试旅游英语试题课程代码：06010Ⅰ.Make the best choice to complete the following sentences.(20%)1.I had been sitting in my seat for at least two hours, waiting （）.A. the train to startB. for the train startingC. for the train to startD. for the train start2.This is the Chinese （）, translated from English.A. publicationB. editorC. printingD. version3.Get up early and run every day in the travel, and you will （）a lot from doing so.A. receiveB. makeC. benefitD. win4.This morning our water supply was （）because of the cold weather.A. let downB. cut offC. taken upD. brought away5.How much are you going to （）me for repairing this equipment in the attractions?A. chargeB. moneyC. requireD. need6.Culturally, this park is divided into two （）.A. partiesB. sectionsC. daysD. yards7.A tiny village school is soon to （）its 110th birthday.A. celebrateB. makeC. liberateD. confirm8.It is impossible to finish the task （）.A. in so a short timeB. in such short a timeC. in such a short timeD. in a so short time9.Try to （）what had happened just before the accident.A. talkB. speakC. describeD. say for10.He is （）more hard-working than any of the other boys in the class.A. by farB. by way ofC. by nowD. by and by111.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a （）under it while without moderntechnology.A. bridgeB. tunnelC. bedD. city12.The （）is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again.A. babyB. bearC. bikeD. battery13.Hardly had he finished his speech （）the audience started cheering.A. thanB. andC. thenD. when14.With the help of the government, a large number of people （）after the flood in the Mayof 1991.A. survivedB. lookedC. deadD. suspected15.He always has a lot of （）ideas in his mind, and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about.A. strangeB. deliciousC. tinyD. slim16.Please be serious. I am not （）. You should consider it carefully.A. cryingB. jokingC. laughingD. complaining17.She divided the cake into three pieces and gave her three children （）a piece.A. everyB. allC. bothD. each18.In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the （）government, but not by each state.A. federalB. figureC. scientificD. service19.He works in our university as a visiting （）, not as a formal faculty member here.A. driverB. scholarC. nurseD. gardener20.Jack looked down （）Tom for his poor manners.A. toB. atC. onD. inⅡ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for2False. (20%)1. There are four basic building blocks to the Internet-Hosts, Routers, Clients, and Connections.（）2. Scheduled flights refer to the air flight, which have not fixed or scheduled departures.（）3. Data is sent from the computer in the form of a “packet”.（）4. There are four major travel ways in transportation industry.（）5. “Hi-tech”is the short form for High Technology, used asa noun or a nominal adjective.（）6. “Built-in obsolescence”refers to the state of being obsolescent that already exists whensomething, say a machine, is built.（）7. “Greeting”means say hello to the guest.（）8. “Browser”refers to the Program used for accessing web, gopher, and other Internet sites.（）9. Shangri-La is in Korean.（）10. “No show”means people missed in the travel way.（）11. Travel is one of the most important leisure ways for people.（）12. Hangzhou is a city near to Shanghai and has a veryfamous lake named West Lake.（）13. Main components of the Internet contain “http”.（）14. Hospitality industry is one of the most important support industries to tourism.（）15. “B2B or ‘B to B’”refers to the relationship and sales between businesses.（）16. Rent means the fee for room in a hotel.（）17. Economy fares means very expensive ticket.（）18. “C2B”stands for “clients to business”.（）19. “C2C”stands for “clients to clients”.（）20. “CERNET”stands for China Education and Research NETwork.（）Ⅲ.Match each word or phrase in the column on the left with its meaning in the column on the right. (15%)（）1. lost a. find the size, length, amount, degree etc.（）2. get into a car b. cheap（）3. invent c. create（）4. menu d. older, senior（）5. merchant e. particular, unusual（）6. inexpensive f. enter a vehicle（）7. show others the way g. make clear the meaning of something（）8. measure h. be unable to find the way（）9. joke i. something to make one remember3（）10. reminder j. fun（）11. historic treasures k. good chance（）12. elder l. food list（）13. opportunity m. very valuable objects in history（）14. special n. businessman（）15. explain o. take someone somewhereⅣ.Choose a correct word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences.(9%)a. additionalb. briefingc. rewardingd. boarde. complexf. function1. What he said was too （）for me to understand.2. The （）of a hammer is to hit nails into wood.3. It will take an （）two weeks to finish the work.4. Mr. Lynch gave an off-the-record press （）.5. A tour of the harbor is an immensely （）experience.6. Please （）your flight through the gate marked 14∶00.Ⅴ.Answer the following questions according to the content of the reading (20%)1. What is “deposit”for reserving room? (6分)2. What does “F&B”stand for?（6分）3. Please write the following names in Chinese: Hong Kong, Macau, Lhasa, Shangri-La.（8分）Ⅵ.Translate the following sentences or phrases into English. (16%)1.我现在得结帐离开酒店了，我住204房间。
2007年4月自学考试自考浙江省英语词汇学历年试卷试题真题
2007年4⽉⾃学考试⾃考浙江省英语词汇学历年试卷试题真题浙江省2007年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1．In Lexicology, we shall study ______.( )A．the combination of morphemes into wordsB. the development of speech sounds of EnglishC．the stylistic effect of sentencesD．the structure of discourse2. Of the four characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ______. ( )A．all national character B. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability3. The first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles were ______. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European Language Family ______.( )A．German/Germanic B. Celts/CelticC. Italian/ItalicD. Sweden/Swedish4. The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ______, semantic change, ______.( ) A．exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowingC. creation/borrowingD. affixation/creation5. Almost all mono-morphemic ______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.( )A．verbs B. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions6．In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb ______. ( )A．with some changes1B. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation7.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ the so-called suffixes.( ) A．removing B. combiningC. shorteningD. considering8. Words mainly involved in conversion are ______.( )A．nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD.adjectives, adverbs and verbs9. Grammatical meaning does not include ______.( )A．part of speech B. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness10.According to different demands the major types of dictionaries are ______.( ) A．monolingual, bilingual and multilingualB. general and specializedC. pocket, medium-sized and unabridgedD. all of the above11. Non-basic vocabulary includes ______.( )A．argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above12. Associative meaning is NOT affected by ______.( )A．experience B. cultureC. languageD. education13. The process of meaning relation is also called ______.( )A．extension B. degradation2C. specializationD. elevation14．Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally ______.( ) A．movable B. unstableC. unchangeableD. ununderstandable15. The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of ______.( )A．reference B. senseC. conceptD. meaningⅡ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16. English is more closely related to German than French.( )17. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.( )18. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages. ( )19. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. ( )20. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure cannot be changed. ( )21. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-formation which indicates the attitude of the user.( )22. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations which are generally found in the dictionary.( )23. The origins of the words are a key factor in distinguishing homonyms from polysemants. ( )24. Relative terms are relational opposites, which include verbs reversing the action of each other.( )25. Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.( )3Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 1 point for each)26.（） 27.（） 28.（） 29.（） 30. （）31.（） 32.（） 33.（） 34.（） 35. （）Ⅳ.Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. World languages can be grouped into roughly ______ language families on the basis of similarities in the basis word stock and grammar.37. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England, and it can be subdivided into ______ more stages.38. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a ______ quantity of words borrowed form Latin and Scandinavian.39. The words of the basic word stock form the common ______ of the language.40. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are ______.4Ⅴ.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each) Example: disobey (Affixation)41. airline （）42. shadow (v) （）43. exploitation （）44. swimmer （）45. motel （）Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. What is vocabulary?47. What is motivation?48. What are the major sources of English synonyms?49. What are the causes of semantic change?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the given sentence(s). Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. She told me that he was Jack of all trades.5。
4月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018 年 4 月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I . Multiple choice (23%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The medium of verbal interaction is( )A. thought.B. language.C. culture.D. communication.2. “Politician ” and “statesman ” are mainly distinguished by their _n_g_._(___ mean)iA. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected3. “Busybody” corresponds to ________ in Chinese. ( )A. 大忙人B. 爱管闲事的人C. 重要人物D. 勤快人4. “ Domicile, residence, home and _____ ” are synonymous to each other, that is, conceptually they refer to the same thing in the real world. ( )A. abodeB. livingC. familyD. household5. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative meaning can bebrought together under the heading _______ meaning.( )A. thematicB. associativeC. peripheralD. conceptual6．Which of the following statements is false?( )A. English is a language governed by strict rules and regulations.B. English speakers enjoy more freedom when speaking or writing in English than Chinese people.C. English grammatical markers are obligatory items.D. English has more explicit grammatical markers that are used obligatorily than Chinese.7. Religious name Chr“istopher ” means ______ in Chinese. ( )A. 基督信徒B. 基督的仆人C. 克里斯多弗D. 基督的礼物8. “ Oscar ” means ___ ___inChinese. )A. 奥斯卡B. 天赐之盾C. 天赐之矛D. 天赐之剑9. “ Good-bye ” is derived from the expression ( )A. Good luck for you.B. God bless you.C. God be with you.D. Looking forward to seeing you again.10. When offering another person to be the first in going through a door getting in a car, the normal expression is ( )A. After you.B. You go first, please.C. Would you like to go first?D. Can you go first, please?11．“ To kick the bucket ” is often associated with ( )A. to get into a temper.B. to die.C. to have bad luck.D. to be impeded.12．“ Put your foot in your mouth ” means( )A. shut up your mouth.B. you know everything about yourself.C. you cause embarrassment by saying something.D. what you say are nonsense.13．“ To ride one 's high horse” means( )A. to be energetic.B. to be haughty.C. to be buoyant.D. to be optimistic.14．“ To know something like the palm of one ' s hand” means ( )A. to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them.B. to understand everything without any questions.C. to understand only something easy.D. to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something.15．“ A Pandora' s box” , derived from the box sent by the Gods to Pandora, refers to a present or something( )A. which brings happiness looks ugly.B. which seems valuable but brings misfortune.C. which can create anything its owner wants.D. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroom.16.“All this paper has in it are raw facts, half-baked ideas, and warmed-over commodities ” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are food.B. ideas are commodities.C. ideas are products.D. ideas are fashions.17. “ I could feel the electricity between us ” is a metaphorical expressio) n about (A. love is a physical force.B. love is madness.C. love is magic.D. love is a patient.18. “A white Christmas ” refers to( )A. snow at Christmas time.B. purity at Christmas time.C. innocence at Christmas time.D. nothing done at Christmas time.19. “A black sheep ” refers to( )A. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to be a disgrace to other members.B. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring bad fortune to other members.C. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring victory to other members.D. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring money to other members. 20. “Blue blood ” means( ) A. humble lineage. B. courageous personality.C. timid personality.21．“I'd love to join in. Only I donD. aristocratic lineage.'t know how to play. ” demonstrates ________ relation between the twosentences.( )A. a causalB. a temporalC. an adversativeD. an additive22．The word in American English for “pyjamas” is“ pajamas” , meaning _____ in Chinese.( )A. 侏儒B. 金字塔C. 睡衣D. 预感23. Verbal language requires the use of only one sensory modality: hearing, whereas nonverbal communication requires at least three other sensory modalities: seeing, touching and( )A. smiling.B. smelling.C. talking.n . Gap-filling (10%)D. gesturing.Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. 1. The fact that no logical connection is found between “ tablean”d the object which it refers to proves that language is . 2．______ r efers to skimming across water on skis while being towed by a motorboat.3. The word in American English for “fall ” is _________________ .4．The word endings such as“ -s” ,“-ed” ,“ -ing ” and“ -er” are called __ morphemes.5．______ r elations refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of conjunctions.6．“ Falling in love with somebody on the first occasion of seeing ” refers to an English idiom “ _____ ” .7．_______ refers to a captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women.8．A _____ is a lie that does no harm and is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.9．______ i s an euphemism for “ ugly ” .10．At the textual level, _____ relations are observed more frequently in English than in Chinese.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Idiom2．Honorifics3．Coherence and cohesion4．Nonverbal communicationIV. Translation (16%)1．Puritan2．To split one's sides with laughter3．Blue alert4．Man proposes, God disposes.5．乔迁喜宴6．蝼蚁之穴能溃千里之堤。
全国4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析历年试卷及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sente nce ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. V ocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案课程代码：00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to createnew words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。
4月浙江自考旅游英语试卷及答案解析
浙江省2019年4月高等教育自学考试旅游英语试题课程代码：06010Ⅰ.Fill in the spaceA.Insert the word or phrase in the blank that will make each sentence correct:(5%)1.Before the flight begins,the flight attendants always tell the passengers to stow all hand or ______ luggage.2.The tax on things purchased abroad is the ______.3.A ______ at a hotel greets and opens doors for the guests who are arriving at the hotel.4.That the letters,brochures,and other literature are mailed to selected lists of people is called the ______ mail.5.Local tours are sometimes called ______ tours.B.Select the correct word or phrase from the list below to complete each of the followingsentences:(5%)a.regulationsb.behaviorc.promotiond.schedulee.allowance1.Advertising campaigns and ______ are used to attract visitors to the country.2.A bus ______ tells when it will leave a place and when it will arrive at each stop.3.The free ______ for luggage is 20 kilos.4.A guide must understand the thinking,emotions and ______ of the people in the tour group.5.A tour bus driver must know all the traffic ______.C.Choose the word or phrase to complete each sentence:(10%)1.When the crew or officers need to make announcements to the passengers,they use the ( ).A.intercomB.public address systemC.radioD.cockpit telephone2.The pilot calls the tower and gives the ( ).A.timeB.headingC.flight numberD.airport name3.( ) is an official document issued by a country to its citizens or residents that permits them to leave and to re-enter the country.A.A passportB.A visaC.A customs declarationD.An immigration cardually each separate leg of a flight requires a separate ( ).A.ticketB.connectionC.airlineD.coupon5.The most famous four treasures of study are the ( ).A.Hu writing brush,Hui ink-stick,Xuan inkstone and Duan paper.B.Hu writing brush,Hui ink-stick,Duan inkstone and Xuan paper.C.Hui writing brush,Hui ink-stick,Xuan inkstone and Duan paper.D.Hui writing brush,Hui ink-stick,Duan inkstone and Xuan paper.6.The employee in charge of keys and information is often called ( ).A.bellboyB.room clerkC.receptionistD.concierge7.When people in the tourism department get the information cards,they ( ) the answers on them for entry into a computer.A.writeB.codeC.readD.classify8.( ) is a special endorsement by a country to allow a foreigner to enter the country.A.A passportB.A visaC.A customs declarationD.An immigration card9.Adverising is ( ) promotion,and publicity is ( ) promotion.A.paid,paidB.unpaid,unpaidC.unpaid,paidD.paid,unpaidrmation cards are collected by ( ) officers at airports,railroad stations,harbors,andborder crossings where tourists enter a country.A.immigrationB.customsC.policeD.trafficⅡ.Match each word or phrase in the column at the left with its meaning in the column on the right:(10%)1.charter a.the place someone or something is going to2.task b.mental reminders of places,things,people or experiences3.correspondence c.something that carries the luggage through special X-rayequipment4.destination d.rent5.client e.buy or make reservations for many people6.memories f.unit of work or part of a job7.successful g.proof that passengers checked in8.conveyor belt h.achieving or reaching a goal9.depot i.customer10.boarding pass j.train stationⅢ.Indicate whether each of the statements is true (T) or false (F):(15%)1.The attitudes of the people who work in the tourism industry play an important part in determining whether tourists will enjoy their stay.2.When a pilot and an air traffic controller talk on the radio,only one person at a time may talk.3.If the whole family travel to a foreign country,every member must have apassport of his/her own.4.In the United States,no airline may operate on a route until the CAB(the Civil Aeronautics Board)gives permission.5.Another part of the job of the doorman in a hotel is to keep traffic moving in front of the hotel.6.The rate of occupancy is the percentage of rooms or beds occupied over a certain period of time.7.Suzhou,a city in Jiangsu Province,has the name of the home of Chinese paper-cut.8.An inclusive tour is usually on a scheduled airline,one that operates on fixed routes according to a timetable,or schedule.9.The advantage “convenience”of the packaged tour means that a place is made easy to get to.10.Toiletry items include toothpaste,shampoo,lipstick,combs,shaving cream,and cough drops.11.Publicity is a paid advertising consisting of stories or articles in newspapers and magazines about travel,accommodations,and other businesses connected with tourism.12.The tourism department sends brochures and special travel literature to tourism informationoffices in other countries.13.All the information offices have brochures and promotional literature to give away to visitors.14.Passengers can sit during the day and sleep at night in the sleeping cars in complete privacy.15.The social director plans all the activities and entertainment for the guests in the resort.Ⅳ.Give a short working definition of each of the following words or special terms:(15%)1.Passenger terminal2.Instiutional advertising3.Bellman4.Rail commuters5.DresserⅤ.Answer the following questions according to the Reading:(25%)1.Why is tourism a modern business?2.What are necessary if tourists are to visit a country?3.How does a person get to a destination if there is not a direct flight?4.How does tourism benefit a country?5.What does a passenger service agent do?Ⅵ.Translate the following sentences or short passages into Chinese:(15%)1.Therefore,it is very important that there is enough ground transportation for travelers.Public transportation,which the people of an area or city use is not usually convenient for travelers because buses and subways are often crowded and do not have space for luggage.Something that is not convenient causes trouble or bother and is annoying to people.2.In the hotel business,guest registration is a very important function.The hotel's income is from payments by guests for the use of its rooms,restaurants,and other facilities.Registration is important for two reasons:(1)This is the time when hotel employees greet their guests and wake them welcome,and (2) This is the time when hotel employees set up the accounting records so that the hotel can collect the money the guests owe for the services they receive.3.Zhejiang's basic tourism facilities and security are daily improving,and its ability to accommodate visitors has been raised remarkably.The Province now has 312 hotels catering to foreign tourists,100 of which have star ratings.There are 45 first-and second-class tourism agencies receiving overseas visitors,and 350 third-grade ones handling domestic tourists.The Province has a well-trained group of guides and interpreters able to work in several foreign languages.。
4月浙江自考翻译试卷及答案解析
浙江省2019年4月高等教育自学考试翻译试题课程代码：10050Ⅰ.词语翻译20%1.将下列词语译成汉语:1)wellhouse 2)long for3)hand labour 4)the Department of Agriculture5)per capita 6)in short7)be engrossed in 8)pick and choose9)bend an ear to 10)a fly in the ointment2.将下列词语译成英语:11)新兴，刚开12)又紧张又着急13)所剩不多14)除……以外15)国际贸易16)遵守17)无噪声污染18)不亚于……19)大雨像瓢泼一样20)天不亮Ⅱ.改错题10%下列单句译文有差错，请加以改正，并将正确的译文写在答题纸上。
1.In the gathering dusk Ahmed and his five companions had invited me to join them.译文：夜幕降临时，阿赫迈德和五个一起干活的人早就约我去和他们玩儿。
2.All this suggested ancient harmonies.译文：这一切都显示古代的和谐气氛。
3.China's vast size and resources, her extraordinary economic progress over recent years have madeher an increasingly important player in the modern international economy.译文：中国地大物博，近年来经济迅猛发展，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一支越来越重要的参与队伍。
4.The stock of foreign investment grew from under $5 billion in 1989 to nearly $90 billion by1994.译文：外资存量从1989年不足5亿美元上升到1994年的近90亿美元。
4月全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.（）A. butcher →one who kills goatsB. journal →periodicalC. companion →one who shares breadD. allergic →too sensitive to medicine2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（）A. extension, increase and expansionB. denotation, connotation and applicationC. comprehension, understanding and knowingD. polysemy, homograph and homophone3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.（）A. inflectional affixesB. derivational affixesC. bound rootsD. free morphemes4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.（）A. synonymyB. antonymyC. homonymyD. hyponymy5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in “rain cats and dogs”.（）A. illogicalB. logicalC. mutualD. natural6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.（）A. verb phrasesB. phrasal verbsC. verb idiomsD. all the above7. The idiom “new brooms sweep clean” was created probably by _________.（）A. seamenB. housewivesC. farmersD. hunters8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（）A. –fulB. –wiseC. –lessD. –ike9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.（）A. CelticB. DansihC. FrenchD. Scottish10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.（）A. bound rootsB. inflectional affixesC. derivational affixesD. all the above11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（）A. its referentB. its referring expressionsC. its meaningD. its concept12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.（）A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin13. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________（）A. A word is a meaningful group of letters.B. A word is a unit of meaning.C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________.（）A. a thesaurusB. a synonym finderC. an encyclopediaD. an encyclopedic dictionary15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?（）A. It is always better than an American dictionary.B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.D. It tends to include more grammatical information.II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________.18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents.19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%)A B( )21. senior citizen A. metonymy( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing( )23. earn one’s bread C. euphemism( )24. from cradle to grave D. synecdoche( )25. sit on the fence E. hiss( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification( )27. criticize(find fault with) G. morphologically motivated( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation( )29. snakes I. metaphor( )30. hopeless J. elevationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%)31. harder ( )32. Fridge ( )33. autocide ( )34. tremble with fear ( )35. notorious, skinny ( )36. two-layer ( )37. UNESCO ( )38. cloudy ( )39. subway ( )40. police, money ( )V. Define the following terms.(10%)41. extra-linguistic context42. prefixation43. semantic change44. conceptual meaning45. specializationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is semantic unity of idioms?47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.Comment on the statement with your own example.。
2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?A. StabilityB. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. National character.19. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.A. socialB. verbalC. lexicalD. physicalII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)A B23( )21. apesA. colloquial ( )22. Old EnglishB. a language of full endings ( )23. IrishC. Italic ( )24. tinyD. very formal and official ( )25. FrenchE. yelp ( )26. cattleF. poetic ( )27. domicileG . Celtic ( )28. abodeH. gibber ( )29. foxesI. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle English J. lowⅣ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)31. mismanage( ) 32. elephants-trumpet( ) 33. pretty ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧flower woman girl( ) 34. forehead( ) 35. bossy( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment( ) 38. subsea ( ) 39. a sea of troubles( ) 40. harder( ) Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)41. idiom42. functional words43. degradation44. bilingual dictionary45. conversion Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery4。