2016考研英语一真题及答案解析
2016考研英语一真题及答案解析Section1Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1。
（10points）In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male。
It may involve not only his parents and his friends，__1__those of the young woman，but also a matchmaker。
A young man can__2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to__3__the marriage negotiations，or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse，giving the child little to say in the selection。
__4__，a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen。
__5__a spouse has been selected，each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying__6__a good family。
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair。
Formerly it lasted three days，__7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half。
Buddhist priests offer a sh ort sermon and__8__prayers of blessing。
Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual ha ir cutting，__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride‘s and grooms wrists，and__10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the__11__。
Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife‘s parents and may__12__with them up to a year，__13__they can build a new ho use nearby。
Divorce is legal and easy to__14__，but not common。
Divorced persons are __15__with some disapproval。
Each spouse retains___16___property he or she __17__into the marriage，and jointly-acquired property is__18__equally。
Divorced persons may remarry，but a gender prejudice__19__up。
The divorced male doesn‘t have a waiting period before he can remarry__20__the woman must wait ten months。
1。
A。
by way of B。
with regard to C。
on behalf of D。
as we ll as 2。
A。
decide on B。
provide for C。
compete with D。
adapt t o3。
A。
close B。
arrange C。
renew D。
postpone 4。
A。
In theory B。
Above all C。
In time D。
For example 5。
A。
Unless B。
Less C。
After D。
Although 6。
A。
into B。
within C。
from D。
through 7。
A。
or B。
since C。
but D。
so8。
A。
test B。
copy C。
recite D。
create 9。
A。
folding B。
piling C。
wrapping D。
tying 10。
A。
passing B。
lighting C。
hiding D。
serving 11。
A。
association B。
meeting C。
collection D。
union12。
A。
deal B。
part C。
grow D。
live 13。
A。
whereas B。
until C。
for D。
if14。
A。
avoid B。
follow C。
challenge D。
obtain 15。
A。
isolated B。
persuaded C。
viewed D。
exposed 16。
A。
wherever B。
whatever C。
whenever D。
howeve r17。
A。
changed B。
brought C。
shaped D。
pushed 18。
A。
invested B。
divided C。
donated D。
withdrawn 19。
A。
warms B。
clears C。
shows D。
breaks 20。
A。
while B。
so that C。
once D。
in that 1。
[标准答案][D]as well as[考点分析]本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析]因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…。
but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D。
as well as。
A。
by way of通过B。
with regard to关于C。
on behalf of代表2。
[标准答案][A]decide on[考点分析]上下文语义[选项分析]根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A。
decide on决定。
表示自己决定自己的对象。
B。
provide for为……提供准备C。
compete with与……竞争D。
adapt to适用3。
[标准答案][B]arrange[考点分析]上下文语义及动词辨析[选项分析]该句意思为，他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____相关事务。
四个选项中，A。
close关闭C renew更新；恢复D postpone“推迟”，语义不正确，只有B arrange安排是符合语境。
4。
[标准答案][A]In theory[考点分析]上下文语义[选项分析]逻辑判断题。
主要是看前后两句的含义，前面是说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。
”空格后面说“女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。
”这两句之间没有举例说明的关系，且有一个may，更证明A。
In theory的正确性。
而其他选项B。
Above all最重要的是，C。
In time准时D。
For example举例，均不符合题意。
5。
[标准答案][C]After[考点分析]上下文语义[选项分析]根据下文“______a spouse has been selected，each family investigates the other……”知道，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查研究对方的背景。
所以只有after 才对。
其他选项A。
Unless除非，否则B。
Lest以免，唯恐D。
Although尽管都不符合题意。
6。
[标准答案][A]into[考点分析]上下文语义及介词词义辨析[选项分析]这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配。
这里marry into就是指嫁到，而其他选项均没有这层含义。
7。
[标准答案][C]but[考点分析]逻辑关系题[选项分析]根据上文，说传统的婚礼时间跨度很长，但是到了1980s，婚礼只持续一天半。
所以与前文发生转变。
因此要选择but转折关系。
8。
[标准答案][C]recite[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析]空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，C选项recite为背诵的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“为祈祷者做祈福”。
9。
[标准答案][D]tying[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析]本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉花线头”，纵观四个选项[A]折叠[B]堆积[C]包裹[D]系上，根据选项含义，只有D和后文的“棉花线头”搭配最为合理。
10。
[标准答案][A]passing[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析]本题根据选项[A]传递[B]点亮[C]隐藏[D]服务，原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]传递为正确选项。
11。
[标准答案][D]union[考点分析]名词词义辨析[选项分析]本题根据选项[A]协会，社团[B]会议，会面[C]集合[D]结合。
本句语义为“这些受尊敬的夫妻祈祷…”根据语境，结婚是一种夫妻二人的结合，因此，选项[D]结合更符合语境。
12。
[标准答案][D]live[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析]本题比较简单。
根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”根据语境，应为[D]居住为最佳答案。
13。
[标准答案][B]until[考点分析]时间逻辑关系[选项分析]根据原文，“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子”[A]然而[B]直到[C]为[D]如果结合语境，[B]直到最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。
14。
[标准答案][D]obtain[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析]Divorce is legal and relatively easy to__14__，but not common。
考研英语一历年真题及答案解析(1986-2016)
2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young woman,but alsoa matchmaker.A young man can2a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to3the marriage negotiations,or the young man’s parents may make the choice ofa spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto thespouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted threedays,7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offera short sermon and8prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to blessthe11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12with them up to a year,13they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval.Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice19up:The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before hecan remarry20the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of[C]as well as[D]with regard to2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 . [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying0. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving1. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union2. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live3. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for4. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid5. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed6. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever7. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed8. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided9. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears0. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided itsfashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crimeto employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And theban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it musttake responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,aboutthe social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hintthat people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect ratherthan dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing.Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion imagesthat rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last monthon rules and sanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware ofand take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to denyaccess for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.2 [ [ [ [ 2 [ [ [ [ 2 [ [ [ [ 2 1.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A] Physical beauty would be redefined.B] New runways would be constructed.C] Websites about dieting would thrive.D] The fashion industry would decline.2.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning toA] heightening the value of.B] indicating the state of.C] losing faith in.D] doing harm to.3.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?A] The French measures have already failed.B] New standards are being set in Denmark.C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.4. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[ [ [ [ 2 [ [ [ [ A] setting a high age threshold for models.B] caring too much about models’ character.C] showing little concern for health factors.D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.5.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “thecountryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylishhouses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of nationalparks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off -plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with thosepleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain isEurope’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-densityurban living. There is no doubt of the alternative —the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.2 [ [ [ [ 2 [ [ 6.Britain’s public sentiment about the countrysideA] didn ’t start till the Shakespearean age.B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.C] is fully backed by the royal family.D] is not well reflected in politics.7.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now beA] gradually destroyed.B] effectively reinforced.[ [ 2 [ [ [ [ 2 [ [ [ [ 3 [ [ [ [ C] largely overshadowed.D] properly protected.8.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.B] The Conservatives may abandon “off -plan” building.C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.9.The author holds that George Osborne’s preferenceA] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.0.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\A] the size of population in Britain.B] the political life in today’s Britain.C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“ There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote MiltonFriedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggestthe CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billiona year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add valueto their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers maybe willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its gooddeeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate themby looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such aschild labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide theirdo-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies getinto trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[ [ [ [ 3 [ [ [ [ 3 [ [ [ [ 3 [ [ [ [ 3 [ A] toleranceB] skepticismC] uncertaintyD] approval2.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company byA] winning trust from consumers.B] guarding it against malpractices.C] protecting it from being defamed.D] raising the quality of its products.3. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning toA] more effectiveB] less controversialC] less severeD] more lasting4.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR recordA] has an impact on their decision.B] comes across as reliable evidence.C] increases the chance of being penalized.D] constitutes part of the investigation.5.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[ [ [B]The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.C]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime inthe future，”the paper’s publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physicalnewspaper-printing presses,delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive;it’s excessiveat a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to acceleratethat transition would make sense for them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it,you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seenas a blunder,”he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti werein charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end pr int,”he said.“I wouldraise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believein.“So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“ It’s a really hard thing to do and it ’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeeddoesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to havequestions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”3 [ [ [ [ 3 [ [ [ [ 3 [ [ [ [ 3 6.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly dueA] the high cost of operation.B] the pressure from its investors.C] the complaints from its readers.D] the increasing online ad sales.7. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times shouldA] seek new sources of readership.B] end the print edition for good.C] aim for efficient management.D] make strategic adjustments.8.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”A] helps restore the glory of former times.B] is meant for the most loyal customers.C] will have the cost of printing reduced.D] expands the popularity of the paper.9.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[ [ [ [ 4 [ [ [ [ A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.0.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at OnceB] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandC] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodD] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[ [ [ [ [ [ [ A] Create a new image of yourselfB] Have confidence in yourselfC] Decide if the time is rightD] Understood the contextE] Work with professionalsF] Make it efficientG] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According toresearch from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and like ability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era isthat the range of options is so much broader,Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others notso much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two lennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuckand in a rut,now may be a good time.If you’re not sure,ask for honest feedbackfrom trusted friends,colleagues,and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refreshyour image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriouslyand enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising,maybe they want to look more“SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizationslike that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What convey status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer insteadof your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothesat once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Mental health is our birthright.(46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy;it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cutor mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned,only reawakened.It is likethe immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us,(47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere;likethe sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capableof being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture,and to see that things will work out.It’s a from ofinnate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness of they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativityfor solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as wellas patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectlyordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.SectionШWritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100 words,providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevantinformation about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)52.Directions:Write an essay of160~200words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3 ) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)I cloze1 . As well as2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 . Decide on. Arrange. Above all. After. Into. But. Recite. Tying0. Lighting1. Union1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 2. Live3. Until4. Obtain5. Persuaded6. Whatever7. Brought8. Divided9. Shows0. WhileII Reading comprehensionPart AText12 2 2 2 2 1. Physical beauty would be redefined.2. Doing harm to.3. New standards are being set in Denmark.4. Showing little concern for health factors.5. A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.Text 22 2 2 6.is not well reflected in politics7. gradually destroyed8. The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence2 3 9. highlight his firm stand against lobby pressure0. the town-and-country planning in BritainText 33 3 3 3 3 1. uncertainty2. winning3. less severe4. has an impact on their decision5. the necessaryText 43 3 3 34 6. the high cost of operation7. make strategic adjustments8. is meant for the most loyal customers9. Aggressiveness better meets challenges0. Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandPart B4 4 4 4 4 1. Decide if the time is right2. Know your goals3. Understand the context4. Work with professionals5. Make it efficientPart C46.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理;它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
2016考研英语一真题及答案(word版)
2 0 16 考研英语真题& 答案【完整版】新东方在线Section I Use of EnglishDirecti ons:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A , B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the youngmale. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can _2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage n egotiati ons, or the young man 'spare ntsmay make the choice of a spouse, giv ing the child little to say in theselecti on. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family in vestigates the other to make sure its child is marryi ng 6 ___ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7_y the 1980s it more com mon ly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short serm on and _ 8 _ prayers of bless ing. Parts of the ceremony the bride ' s and groom ' s wrists, and 10 a candlethem up to a year, 13_ they can build a new house nearby.around a circle of happily in with the wife ' s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13_ they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not com mon. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains _16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced pers ons may remarry, but a gen der prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ' t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woma n must wait ten mon ths.1.[A]by way of[B]o n behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]re new [C]arra nge [D]postp one4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]U nless6.[A]i nto [B]with in [C]from [D]through7.[A]si nee [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]foldi ng [B]pili ng [C]wrapp ing [D]ty ing10.[A]passi ng [B]light in g[C]hidi ng [D]servi ng11. [A]meet ing [B]collectio n [C]associatio n [D]u nio n12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]u ntil [C]if [D]for14. [A]obta in [B]follow [C]challe nge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whe never [D]wherever17.[A]cha nged[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18. [A]withdraw n[B]i nvested[C]do nated[D]divided19. ?[A]breaks?[B]warms?[C]shows?[D]clears20. [A]so?[B]while?[C]o nce?[D]i n?that?Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for wome n. Its lawmakers gave prelim inary approval last week tomodels on a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thinrun aways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that in cite excessive thinn ess ”by promoti ng extreme dieti ng.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defi ned by looks that end up imp inging on health.That' s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyondprotecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for thesignal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determ ine their in dividual worth.The ban s, if fully en forced,would suggest to wome n (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhapsfaintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France 's actions, Denmark 's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “ We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ” The charter ' s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “ impinging on ” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B] caring too much about models ' character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ' s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside ” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. ” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air. ” Hill 's pressureslater led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don ' t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives ' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “ off-plan ” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, hassided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis ” equals “ concreted meadows ” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe 's most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative —the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain 's public sentiment about the countryside _____[A] didn 'tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan ” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne ' s preference ____[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of __[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today 's Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“ There is one and only one social responsibility of business, ” wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. ” But even if you accept Fiedman ' s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create mon etary value for compa nies -at least whe n they areprosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, signal ” that a companyconsumers may take CSR spending as a products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company 's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “ halo effect, ” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America ' s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company ' s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how muchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman ' s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32. According?to?Paragraph?2,?CSR?helps?a?company33. [Al?winning?trust?from?consumers.?34. [B] guarding?it?against?malpractices.35. [C] protecting?it?from?being?defamed.36. [D] raising?the?quality?of?its?products.37. 33.Theexpression?"more?lenient"?(Line?2,?Para.?4)is?closestin?mean ing?to38. [Al?more?effective.39. [B] less?controversial.40. [C] less?severe.41. [D] more?lasting.42. 34. When?prosecutors?evaluate?a?case,?a?company's?CSR?record43. [Al?has?an?impact?on?their?decision.44. [B] comes?across?as?reliable?evidence.45. [C]increases?the?chance?of?being?penalized.?[D] ?constitutes?part?of?the?investigation.35. Which?of?the?following?is?true?of?CSR,?according?to?the last paragraph ? [Al?Its?negative?effects?on?businesses?are?often?overlooked.[B] Thenecessaryamount?of?companies'spending?on?it?is?unknown.[C] ?Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.?[D] ?Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.?Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “ the paper 's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there ' s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn ' t just expensive ;it ' s excessive at a time when online-only competition don t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its printeditor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “ Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “ he said, “ but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product. ”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the ideagoes, and they ' d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words,if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeeddoesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when themarket.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure form its investors.[C] the complaints form its readers[D] the increasing online ad asles.37. Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for goog.[C] aim for efficitent management.[D] make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “ legacy product ”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion Part B Directions:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing most suitable subheading from the list A —G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41 —45) ，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understand the contextthe your[E] Work with professi on als[F] Mark it efficient[G] K now your goalsNo matter how formal or in formal theworke nviro nmen t,the way you prese nt yourself has an impact.This isespecially true in firstimpressi on s.Accord ing to researchfrom Prin cet onUn iversity, people assessyour compete nce,Trustworth in ess, and likeability in just a tenth of a sec ond, solelybased on theway you look.The different between today ' sworkplace and the “dress for success ” era is that the range of opti on sis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolveda ndfragme nted .In some sett in gs, red sn eakers or dress T —shirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social —media services like Lin ked In .Cha nces are, your headshots are see n much more ofte n now than adecade or two le nni als, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal gen eratio n yet the most con scious of style and pers onal branding.lt can bec onfusing.So how do we n avigate this?How do we know whe n to in vest in anupgrade?And what ' s the best way to pull off one that enhancesour goals ? Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I ' ve seen image upgrades beparticularlyhelpfulduring transitions ——when looking for a new job stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you ' re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and ina rut, now may be a good time. If you ' re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted frien ds, colleagues and professi on als .Look forcuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there ' s no need for an upgrade and that ' s OK.Get clear on what impact you ' re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one pers on, the goal may be to be take n more seriously and enhance their professi onal image. For ano ther, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more moder n and stylish. For some one movi ng from finance to advertis ing, maybe they want to look ore “ SoHo. ” (It' s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work en vir onment like an an thropologist. What are thenorms of your en viro nment? What con veys status? Who are your most important audienee? How do the people you respect and look up topreve nt themselves? The better you un dersta nd the cultural con text, the more con trol you can have over your impact.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and con text. Hire a pers onal stylist, or use the free styli ng service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist in stead of a barber. Work with a professi onal photographer in stead of your spouse of frien d. It ' s not as expe nsive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn ' t to become more vain or to spend more time discuss ing over what to wear. I nstead, use it as an opport unity to reduce decisi on fatigue. Pick a sta ndard work uni form or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist in stead of shopp ing alone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirecti ons:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don ______ ' t have to learn how to bemen tally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broke n bone. Mental health can't be lear ned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which n ever leaves us. Whe n we don't un dersta nd the value of mentalhealth and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn ' t really goany where; like the sun beh ind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidde n from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Men tal health is the seed that contains self-esteem —— con fide nee in ourselves and an ability to trust in our com mon sen se. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves tooseriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of inn ate or uni ear ned optimism. (48) Men tal health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindn ess if they are in pain and with uncon diti on al love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative bus in ess idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each mome nt in n ature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisi on s. It has bee n available eve n in the most mundane of life situatio ns to show you rightfrom wrong, good from bad,friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscienee,in st in ct, wisdom, com mon sen se, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of in tellige nt thought. (50) As you will come ____________ to see, knowing that men tal health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow dow n to the mome nt and live life happily.PartA52.Directi ons:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with releva nt in formatio n about the library.You should write n eatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “ LI Ming ”in stead.Do not write the address. (10 poin ts)Part B52.Directi ons:Write an essay of 160 —200 words based on the foiiow ing pictures.i n your essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write n eatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 poi nts)答案：In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the youngmale. It may in volve not only his pare nts and his frien ds, as well as thoseof the young woma n, but also a matchmaker. A young man can decideon a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young man ' s parents may make thechoice of a spouse, giv ing the child little to say in the selecti on. In theorya girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying i nto a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly itlasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride ' s and groom ' s wrists, andpassing a can dle aro und a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union . Newlyweds traditi on ally move in with the wife ' s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can builda new house n earby.Divorce is legal and easy to obtain , but not com mon. Divorcedpers ons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse reta inswhatever property he or she brought into the marriage, andjoin tly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced pers ons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn ' t have a waiting period before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten mon ths.21. B physical beauty22. D doing harm to23. A New Sta ndards24. C showi ng little25. A A Challe nge26. D is not27. A gradually destroyed28. B The Con servatives29. D reveals30. D the tow n31. B skeptical32. A wi nning33. C less severe34. A has an impact35. B The n ecessary36. A the high37. D make strategic38. B is meant for39. C aggressiveness40. C Make your print41. Decide if the time is right42. Know your goals43. Understand the context44. Work with professionals45. Mark it efficient46. We don ' t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
2016考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）
2016考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）店铺考研网为你收集整理带来的2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版。
2016考研英语科目的考试已经结束了，你觉得2016年考研英语的难易度如何，你是否把所有的题目都答完了？考研英语一真题及答案完整版新鲜出炉了，如果你也迫不及待想要核对一下答案那就快看看吧？下面为你带来的是2016年考研英语一完型真题及答案。
详情如下。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlywedstraditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common .Divorced persons are 15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16property he or she 17into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19up .The divorced m ale doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed。
2016年考研英语一真题及答案(同名21501)
江西研视界教育咨询Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It mayinvolve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women,but also a matchmaker.A young man can2a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to3 the marriage negotiations.or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days7bythe1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may12with them up to a year,13they can build a flew house nearby.江西研视界教育咨询Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval.Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage,and jointly -acquired property is18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice 19up.The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait the months.1.[A]by way of[B]as well as[C]on behalf of[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]In theory[B]Above all[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]sine[B]or[C]but[D]so8.[A]test[B]copy[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]lighting[B]passing[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]association[C]collection[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]wherever[B]however[C]whenever[D]whatever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed江西研视界教育咨询18.[A]divided[B]invested[C]donated[D]withdrawn19.[A]clears20.[A]while[B]warms[C]shows[D]breaks[B]so what[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that"incite excessive thinness"by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not江西研视界教育咨询be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they shouldnot let others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions,Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on江西研视界教育咨询rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body idealsmay be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined[B]New runways would be constructed[C]Websites about dieting would thrive[D]The fashion industry would decline22.The phrase"impinging on"(Line2Para2)is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry江西研视界教育咨询[A]The French measures have already failed[B]New standards are being set in Denmark[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]setting perfect physical conditions[B]caring too much about models'character[C]showing little concern for health factors[D]pursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C]Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate"the countryside"alongside the royal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.江西研视界教育咨询A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish housesbut to save"the beauty of natural places for everyone forever".It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience"a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don't make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives'planning reform explicitly gives rural d evelopment priority over conservation,even authorizing"off-plan"building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as bour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance,has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are incities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no江西研视界教育咨询intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that"housing crisis"equals"concreted meadows"is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favoursout-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe's most crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A]is not well reflected in politics[B]is fully backed by the royal family[C]didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS江西研视界教育咨询27.According to paragraph2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]largely overshadowed[B]properly protected[C]effectively reinforced[D]gradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph3[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development[B]The Conservatives may abandon"off-plan"building[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29.The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain江西研视界教育咨询[D]the political life in today's BritainText3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business"wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist"That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits."But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders's money,things may not be absolutely clear-act.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a yearon CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a"signal"that a company's products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse"halo effect"whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by江西研视界教育咨询looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act〔FCPA〕.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a casebased on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR."We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials."says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with江西研视界教育咨询[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression"more lenient"(line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation江西研视界教育咨询35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B]Companies'financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publishstories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future,"the paper's publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there's plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive;it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business,but onlyif they go about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition江西研视界教育咨询would make sense for them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as blunder,"he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?"I wouldn't pick a year to end print,"he said"I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,andthey'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you're overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words,if you're going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't havea legacy business,"Peretti remarked."But we're going to have questions like that where江西研视界教育咨询we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations,it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A]the increasing online and sales[B]the pressure from its investors[C]the complaints from its readers[D]the high cost of operation37.Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation,The Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print sedition for good[C]seek new sources of leadership[D]aim for efficient management38.It can be inferred from paragraphs5and6that a"legacy product"[A]helps restore the glory of former times[B]is meant for the most loyal customers[C]will have the cost of printing reduced[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that in a changing world江西研视界教育咨询[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges[D]legacy businesses are becoming out dated40.which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]shift to online newspapers all at once[B]Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C]keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D]Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET.(10point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient江西研视界教育咨询[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in the first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the"dress for success"era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in other not so much.Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two lennials, it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?Andwhat's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach,I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful duringtransitions-when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a江西研视界教育咨询rut,now may be a good time.If you're not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh yourimage or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising,maybe they want to look more"SoHo."(It's OK to use characterizations like that)43________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44_______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It's not as expensive as you might think.江西研视界教育咨询45________________________The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussingover what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Mental health is our birthright.(46)we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy,it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,a brokenbone.Mental health can't be learned,only reawakened.It is like immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn't go anywhere;like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and anability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the江西研视界教育咨询ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out.It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves.And toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfecting ordinaryas you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice,we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III Writing江西研视界教育咨询Part A51.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following pictures In your essay,you should1)describe the pictures briefly2)interpret the meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the e Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10points)江西研视界教育咨询答案1、【答案】B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as表示并列关系。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析Word版
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirectious:Read the following Text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) In Cambodia, the choice of a souse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can bulid a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorces persons are 15 with some disapproval. Easch spouse retains 16 property he or she Divorced persons may.1. [A]by way of [B]with regard to [C]on behalf of [D]as wellas2. [A]decide on [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]adapt to3. [A]close [B] arrange [C]renew [D]postpone4. [A]In theory [B] Above all [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Unless [B] Lest [C]After [D]Although6. [A]into [B] within [C]from [D]through7. [A]or [B]since [C]but [D]so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]association [B]meeting [C]collection [D]union12. [A]deal [B]part [C]grow [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]for [D]if14. [A]avoid [B]follow [C]challenge [D]obtain15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]wherever [B]whatever [C]whenever [D]however17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]invested [B]divided [C]donated [D]withdrawn19. [A]warms [B]clears [C]shows [D]breaks20. [A]while [B]so that [C]once [D]in thatText1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion , has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways . The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protectingmodels from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women , especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans ,if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a govemment-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We aware of and t ake responsibility for the impact the ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is (CFW), which is run by the Danish21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.【B】New runways would be constructed.【C】Wcbsites about dieting would thrive.【D】The fanshing industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to【A】heightening the value of.【B】indicating the state of.【C】losing faith in.【D】doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true od the fashion industry?【A】The French measures have already failed.【B】New standrds are being set in Denmark.【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.【D】Its inberent problerma are getting wotse.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country, In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate”the countryside”alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and t he National Health Serivce (NHS) at what makes them proudest of their country，this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the national trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone f orever” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with space for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air .”Hill is pressure later led to creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it . it needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation，even authorsing “o ff-plan”building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The liberal democrats are silent. Only ukip, sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.its Campaign to protect ruralEngland struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents stirling ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone，with no intrusion on green belt.what is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that”housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always，where to put them. Under lobby pressure，George Osboyne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town,shopping sites against high streets . this is not a free market but a biased one. Rural town and villages have grown and will26 Britain is public sentiment about the countrysideA has brought much benefit to the NHSB didn’t start till the Shakespearean ageC is fully backed by the royal familyD is not well reflected in politics27 According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA gradually destroyedB effectively reinforcedC properly protectedD largely overshadowed28 which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservationB the conservatives may abandon ”off -plan“buildingC the liberal democrats are losing political influenceD labour is under attack for opposing development29 the author holds that George Osborne is preferenceA reveals a strong prejudice against urban areasB shows his disregard for character of rural areasC stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisD highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure30 in the last paragraph，the author shows his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainC the town-and-country planning in BritainD the political life in today is BritainText 4There will eventurally come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactlly when that day will be is a matter of debate.”Sometime in the future ”,the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive toditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses ,delivery trucks-isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print away .And though print ad sales still dwarf thire online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Over way be high and circulation lower ,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake ,say BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.Pereti says the Time should’t waste time getting out of the printbusiness,But only if they go about it the right way .”Fighting out of a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it“you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes,that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti give s the example seen as a blunder,”he said.“The move turned out to be foresighted.Ane if peretti would rale prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d feel lik e they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in ,”So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,”Perettisaid “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In o ther words,if you’re going to make a print product ,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it .which way be what the time is doing already .Getting the print edition seven days a week costs each –a year-more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to[A]the pressure from its investors.[B]the complaints from its readers.[C]the high cost of operation.[D]the increating online ad sales.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print sdition for good.[C]seek new sources of readership.[D]aim for efficient management.38.It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5and6 that a “legacy product”[A]will have the cost of printing reduced.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]helps restore the glory of former times.[D]expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.[B]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[C]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.40.which of the following would be the best title of the Text?[A]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.[B]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.[C]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.[D]Shift Online Newspapers All at Once.Part BDirections:Read the following Text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 Points)No matter how formal or informa the work environment，the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，and likeability in just a tenth of a second，solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for succeas” era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms haveevolved and fragmentedIn some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials,it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals? Here are some tips;41about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgradea nd that’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43. Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What converys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural con Text, the more control you can have over your impact.44. Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and con Text. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.Part CDirections:Read the following Text carefully and then translate the undetlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental heal th is our birthright.(46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally heally; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system or the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us.(47) O ur mental health doesn’t really go anywhere ;like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem-confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in out common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives – the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will woke out. It’s a form of innate or unlearne d optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles. With kindness if they ate in pain .and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful. Managing our home life , or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for About how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade a nd that’s OK.Section III WritingPart A51 .Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university .Write a notice of about 100 words，providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.DO not sigh your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.DO not write the address. (10 points)Part B52 .Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture in your essay, you should1. describe the pictures briefly,2. interpret its intended meaning, and3. give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案解析I cloze1. As well as2. Decide on3. Arrange4. Above all5. After6. Into7. But 8. Recite9. Tying10. Lighting11. Union12. Live13. Until14. Obtain15. Persuaded16. Whatever17. Brought18. Divided19. Shows20. WhileII Reading comprehensionPart AText121. Physical beauty would be redefined.22. Doing harm to.23. New standards are being set in Denmark.24. Showing little concern for health factors.25. A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.Text 226.is not well reflected in politics27. gradually destroyed28. The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. highlight his firm stand against lobby pressure30. the town-and-country planning in BritainText 331. uncertainty32. winning33. less severe34. has an impact on their decision35. the necessaryText 436. the high cost of operation37. make strategic adjustments38. is meant for the most loyal customers39. Aggressiveness better meets challenges40. Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandPart B41. Decide if the time is right42. Know your goals43. Understand the context44. Work with professionals45. Make it efficientPart C46. 我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理;它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
2016年考研英语一真题及答案
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - onlycompetitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good。
2016考研英语一真题及答案解析
SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male。
It may involve not only his parents and his friends，_1_ those of the young woman，but also a matchmaker。
A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations，or the young man‗s parents may make the choice of a spouse，giving the child little to say in the selection。
4，a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen。
5aspouse has been selected，each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family。
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair。
Formerly it lasted three days，_ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half。
2016年考研英语一真题答案解析及翻译大师兄版
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young woman,but also a matchmaker.A man can2a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to3the marriage negotiations,or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days,7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12with them up to a year, 13they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage,and jointly-acquired property is 18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender discrimination19up:The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of[C]as well as[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Above all[B]In theory[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]collection[C]association[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19.[A]breaks[B]warns[C]shows[D]clears20.[A]so that[B]while[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW),which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to_____.[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for_____.[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.2016年考研英语一真题及大师兄版解析29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference_____.[A]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of_____.[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the political life in today’s Britain[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D]the town-and-country planning in BritainText3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with_____.[A]tolerance[B]skepticism[C]uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by_____.[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression“more lenient”(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to_____.[A]more effective[B]less controversial[C]less severe[D]more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record_____.[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?_____.[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in the first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two lennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41.__________________As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you’re not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42.__________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43.__________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44.__________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.45.__________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Mental health is our birthright.(46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy;it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned,only reawakened.It is like immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem–confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture,and to see that things will work out.It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.SectionⅣWritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100words providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following pictures.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题大师兄版参考答案Section I Use of English(10points)1.A B C D2.A B C D3.A B C D4.A B C D5.A B C D6.A B C D7.A B C D8.A B C D9.A B C D10.A B C D11.A B C D12.A B C D13.A B C D14.A B C D15.A B C D16.A B C D17.A B C D18.A B C D19.A B C D20.A B C DSection II Reading Comprehension(50points)Part A(40points)21.A B C D22.A B C D23.A B C D24.A B C D25.A B C D26.A B C D27.A B C D28.A B C D29.A B C D30.A B C D31.A B C D32.A B C D33.A B C D34.A B C D35.A B C D36.A B C D37.A B C D38.A B C D39.A B C D40.A B C DPart B(10points)41.A B C D E F G42.A B C D E F G43.A B C D E F G44.A B C D E F G45.A B C D E F G注：第29题有争议，大师兄版选B，新东方版、沪江版选A。
考研英语历年真题及答案解析
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6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through
7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each familyinvestigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.
1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to
2016考研英语一真题及答案(word版)
2016考研英语一真题&答案【完整版】新东方在线SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, hassided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan”building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the political life in today’s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”whereby its gooddeeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can winthem a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company[Al winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning to [Al more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[Al has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure form its investors.[C]the complaints form its readers[D]the increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print edition for goog.[C]aim for efficitent management.[D]make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41—45)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Mark it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.The different between today’sworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of optionsis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T—shirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social—media services likeLinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two lennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can beconfusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions—when looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as moreapproachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look ore “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse of friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.PartA52.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “LI Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the foiiowing pictures.in your essay,you should1)d escribe the pictures briefly,2)i nterpret the meaning,and3)g ive your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)答案：In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the youngwoman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten months.21.B physical beauty22.D doing harm to23.A New Standards24.C showing little25.A A Challenge26.D is not27.A gradually destroyed28.B The Conservatives29.D reveals30.D the town31.B skeptical32.A winning33.C less severe34.A has an impact35.B The necessary36.A the high37.D make strategic38.B is meant for39.C aggressiveness40.C Make your print41.Decide if the time is right42.Know your goals43.Understand the context44.Work with professionals45.Mark it efficient46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。