2019年6大学英语四级真题及参考答案
2019年6月大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved.【参考范文译文】6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。
此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。
许多学生主动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。
问及参与此次活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去更加关爱那些有困难的人”总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生来说也是意义良多。
Part III ReadingComprehension (40 minutes)Section AThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a27to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30our leadership intransportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, thelead31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would32 a substantial update of Mi chigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand33of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In34,California, home of Silicon Valley,recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bid B)contrast C)deputy D)dominance E) fleets F) knots G) legislation I)replaceJ) represent k) restrictive L) reward M) significant N)sponsor O) transmitted 【参考答案】26-30 HAGDI31-35 NJEBKSection BHow Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A.Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide, Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B.Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public financesgiven the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years.It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age.Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it. C.Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier forlonger, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60”or “40 the new 30.”If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D.But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at whichpeople make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, havingchildren, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments thatare now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone(里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E.While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surelya growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Optionsare more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F.Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financialreasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G.And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality,happiness, and friendship.H.The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot ofeducation, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.A.It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve intomultiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creatinga better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understandingoptions more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on makinga social Contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to differentcities, and provide Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find tim rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times,these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K）A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware,investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L）These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M）With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage.I n a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N）Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to lif e.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.【参考答案】36-40 IGDNA41-45 KHFMCSection C Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,”Karraker said.“They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the noes who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,”Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,”she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives’health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong”name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine thepossibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.might people often feel when they were misnamed?A)Unwanted.B)Unhappy.C)Confused.D)Indifferent.did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work.B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part ⅣTranslation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate apassage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。
2019年6月英语四级真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Recreational ActivitiesDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus on attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision in an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. the Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous (具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This had also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual as revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women’s titles, a nd business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have such in common with the magazine’s other readers.Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media—magazines and newspapers—will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed分散)than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using the digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the inline medium as well.Direct mailA final adverti sing medium is d irect mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and special promotion. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.1.Television is an attractive advertising medium in that _________ .A)it has large audiences C) it helps build up a company’s reputationB)it appeals to housewives D) it is affordable to most advertisers2.With the increase in the number of TV channels, _____________ .A)the cost of TV advertising has decreased B) the number of TV viewers has increasedC)advertisers’ interest in other media has decreasedD)the number of TV ads people can see has increasedpare with television, newspapers as an advertising medium ______________ .A)earn a larger annual ad revenue C) use more production techniquesB)convey more detailed messages D) get messages out more effectively4.Advertising on radio continues to grow because ___________ .A)more local radio stations have been set up C) it provides easy access to consumersB)modern technology makes it more entertaining D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio5.Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to __________ .A)reach target audiences C) attract diverse audiencesB)appeal to educated people D) convey all kinds of messages6.Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because ______________ .A)billboards can be replaced within two hours C) such ads have been made much more attractiveB)consumers travel more now than ever before D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7.The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________ .A) quick to update B) pleasant to look at C) easy to remember D) convenient to access8.Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be _________ .9.Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for business to develop ___________ .10.This passage discusses how advertisers select ___________ for advertisements.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A11.A) Given his ankle a good rest.8)Treat his injury immediately.12.A) On a train. B) On a plane.13.A) A tragic accident. C)Continue his regular activities.D)Be careful when climbing steps.C) In a theater. D) In a restaurant.B) A sad occasion.15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless.B) The man misunderstood the woman’s apology. C) The woman offered to pay for the man’s coffee.D) The woman spilt coffee on the man’s jacket. 18. A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see what the new system is like. C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels. D) The new TV system may not provide anything better.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) The lack of time. C) The frustrations at work.8) The quality of life. D) The pressure on working families.27. A) They were just as busy as people of today. C) They didn’t complain as much as modern man.8) They saw the importance of collective efforts. D) They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.28. A) To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.B) To explore strategies for lowering production costs.C) To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard.29. A) Family violence. C) Her fathe r’s disloyalty.8) The Great Depression. D) Her mother’s bad temper.30. A) His advanced age. C) His improved financial condition.B) His children’s efforts. D) His second wife’s positive influence.C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences. B) Love breeds love. D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard.C) Smith’s unusual life story.14. A) Review the detail of all her lessons.B) Compare notes with his classmates. D) Smith’s sleeping problem. C) Talk with her about his learning problems. D) Focus in the main points of her lectures. 16. A) Extremely tedious.8) Hard to understand.17. A) Attending every lecture.B) Doing lots of homework. C) Lacking a good plot. D) Not worth seeing twice. C) Reading very extensively. D) Using test-taking strategies.19. A) A notice by the electricity board. 8) Ads promoting electric appliances. 20. A) Speaking with a proper accent. B) Wearing an official uniform. 21. A) To be on the alert when being followed. 8) Not to leave senior citizens alone at home. 22. A) She was robbed near the parking lot. B) All her money in the bank disappeared. C) The description of a thief in disguise. D) A new policy on pensioners’ welfare. C) Making friends with them. D) Showing them his ID. C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment. D) To watch out for those from the electricity board. C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen. D) She was knocked down in the post office.23. A) Marketing consultancy. 8) Professional accountancy. 24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs. 8) Knowing some key people in tourism. 25. A) It will bring her potential into full play. B) It will involve lots of train travel. Section BC) Luxury hotel management.D) Business conference organization.C) Having been to the country before.D) Being able to speak Japanese.E) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.F) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.31. A) Love is blind.32. A) It was located in a park. 8) Its owner died of a heart attack. 33. A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse. 8) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper. 34. A) Opening an office in the new office park. 8) Keeping better relations with her company. 35. A) Owning the greenhouse one day. B) Securing a job at the office park. Section CC) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.D) Its potted plants were for lease only.C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sign.D) Helping a customer select some purchases.C) Developing fresh business opportunities.D) Building a big greenhouse of his own.C) Cultivating more potted plants.D) Finding customers out of town.We’re now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information and knowledge. Physical (36) , raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (37) in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow’s wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And (39) entering the workforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers getpaid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge workers (40) ____________ in mind work. They deal with symbols: (41) __________ , and data.What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be (42) _________________ , processing, as well as exchanging information, (43) __________ , three out of hour jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees alike (44) __________________ .In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training (45) . And don’t wait for someone to “empower” you. You have to empower yourself.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ASome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try . So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders.Section BPassage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn't -we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore ca lls global warming an “inconven ient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to asolu tion. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs —we can't do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unle ss we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. A) accomplishB) advancedC) balloonD) claimE) constantly F) declare G) interviews H)limited I) manufacture J) moments K) news L) reduced M) regret N) scary O) totally。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(一)(题后含答案及解析)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（一）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案： A Visit to Guangming Farm Broadens Students’Vision Organized by the Student Union, a total of 30 students paid a visit to Guangming Farm, a local farm 50 kilometers away from our school on June 8. Guangming Farm is a state-owned farm mainly planting crops, such as wheat and corn, and producing milk and dairy products. During this visit, the students saw the grand farmland and were deeply impressed by the modern agricultural technology, especially the fully automatic wheat harvesting operation. The trip culminated in a visit to a manufacturing process of dairy products. Mary, a student from School of Foreign Languages, said at the thought of agriculture, what had occurred to her was the images of sweating peasants laboring in the field under the scorching sun. However, this trip totally changed her stereotype on Chinese agriculture. Through their personal experience, the field trip deepens college students’ understanding of the rapid social development, and will exert an ever-lasting influence upon their future study and work.解析：本次四级考试要求写新闻报道，着实让不少考生感到意外，但是细细想来，近几年应用文的趋势已经非常明显，大家应该在备考中做到“面上铺开，重点突出”。
2019年6月大学英语四级翻译参考答案(剪纸)
2019年6月大学英语四级翻译真题参考答案（剪纸）来源：文都教育今年四级翻译考的是传统文化——剪纸，与2015年12月份四级翻译的话题相同！！！其中这两次真题中有部分内容重叠，所以做过真题好好复习过的同学应该觉得很熟悉。
传统文化是四六级翻译和写作常考话题，大家应该及其重视，下面文都四六级教师带你回顾四级翻译真题，并提供了参考译文。
【四级翻译真题原文】剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式。
已有2000多年历史。
剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发明之后。
从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。
剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸和剪刀。
剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。
因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。
【四级翻译真题参考译文】Paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese traditional folk art with a history of more than 2,000 years. Paper cutting probably originated in the Han Dynasty, following the invention of the paper. Since then, it has been spread widely in many parts of China. The materials and tools for paper cutting are simple: paper and scissors. Paper cutting works are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, in the wedding, the Spring Festival and other festive occasions, red paper cutting is the first choice of door and window decoration.【四级翻译真题解析】2019年6月四级翻译真题一共包含七句话，而且段落符合汉语的行文习惯，以短句形式呈现。
(最新整理)2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)
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2019年6月大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes）Directions:For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteeractivity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words。
【参考范文】On June 14， Friday， a volunteer activity where many students took an activepart in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union andit turns out to be a big success。
The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals， washingtheir clothes and chatting with them。
2019年度6月大学英语四级真命题及答案解析-第二套
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷二）Part I Writing【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news reportto your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【答案】An Impressive Activities-VisitingIn order to help us students to enrich life and broaden horizon, the StudentUnion organized a meaningful activity on last weekend--visiting the local farm, bywhich we grasped much useful knowledge about agriculture.The farm we visited is located in the suburb of Beijing and far away from ourschool, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like riceand potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many organic vegetables, including corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of localspecies such as dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific technique. One ofthe most impressive things for us is that by means of green farming methods, theproblem of environmental pollution has been effectively alleviated.This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get uscloser to the nature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professionalknowledge about husbandry technology.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?A)He set a record be swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.Question 2. What did the father do to encourage his son?A)He doubled the reward.B)He cheered him on all the way.C)He set him an example.D)He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 3: What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?A)To end the one-child policy.B)To encourage late marriage.C)To increase working efficiency.D)To give people more time to travel.Question 4: What do we learn about the new regulations?A)They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic growth.D)They will not com into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 5: What is the news report mainly about?A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.Question 6: What is a common problem with a house party?A)It takes a lot of time to prepare.B)It leaves the house in a mess.C)It makes party goers exhausted.D)It creates noise and misconduct.Question 7: What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?A)Hire an Australian lawyer.B)Visit the U.S. and Canada.C)Settle a legal dispute.D)Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 8. What did the man do yesterday?A)He had a driving lesson.B)He got his driver’s license.C)He took the driver’s theory exam.D)He passed the driver’s road test.Question 9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?A)He was not well prepared.B)He did not get to the exam in time.C)He was not used to the test format.D)He did not follow the test procedure.Question 10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?A)They are tough.B)They are costly.C)They are helpful.D)They are too short.Question 11. What does the man hope to do next?A)Pass his road test the first time.B)Test-drive a few times on highways.C)Find an experienced driving instructor.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 12. What does the man want to know?A)Where the woman studies.B)The acceptance rate at Leeds.C)Leeds’tuition for international students.D)How to apply for studies at a university.Question 13. What is the man going to do?A)Apply to an American university.B)Do research on higher education.C)Perform in a famous musical.D)Pursue postgraduate studies.Question 14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?A)His favorable recommendations.B)His outstanding musical talent.C)His academic excellence.D)His unique experience.Question 15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 16. What does the passage say about ants?A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.Question 17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.Question 18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.Question 20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.Question 21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 22 What did Ted Camarda notice one day after he started teaching at Killip elementary?A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.Question 23 What are dozens of students from Camarda’s school going to do this week?A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.Question 24 What do we learn about the students of Killip elementary?A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.Question 25 What have the students learned from Camarda?A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part ⅢReadingSection AThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000miles away. It has _____(26)from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehiclesare coming into life.In a _____(27)to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced _____(28)that could make their state the best place in the country, if notthe world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's _____(29)in auto research and development is under attack from severalstates and countries which desire to _____(30)our leadership in transportation. Wecan't let happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead _____(31) of four bills recentlyintroduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would _____(32)a substantial update of Michigan's2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technologyon public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand _____(33)of self-driving cars, like the oneGeneral Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercialapplication of self-driving technology. In _____(34), California, home of Silicon Valley,recently proposed far more _____(35)rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.【选项】A. bidB. contrastC. deputyD. dominanceE. fleetsF. knotsG. legislationH. migratedI. replaceJ. representK. restrictive L. reward M. significant N. sponsor O. transmittedSection BMake Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It[A] We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, oneof America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.[B] Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn'treally an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.[C] The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation ofSilicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club,Which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members —including guys named Jobs and Wozniak —started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.[D] So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communitiesand some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren'ttied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.[E] These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning bydoing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Deweyand Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school,but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make thingsbased on your interest and on what you're learning to do.[F] Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato andAristotle, and in the American Contcxt, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experienceand self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense,by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches tolearning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way,then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world oftextbooks. It's not the world of testing.[G] Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learninghas grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-basedlearning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction.The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed bythe student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build asmall boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one formof project-based learning.[H] I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head —or you just borrow it from someone —and begin to develop it , repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable toyou and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.[I] In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize(使变得无足轻重)making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstratingwhatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the cardboard tubes.[J] Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should notlearn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation isto build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.[K] Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students todo this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other.When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. Theyare responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk toother students in the class to help get an answer.[L] The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it soundslike this is a diminished rote for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're ereating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at.Are they engaged? A they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help thembe aware of where they are?[M] My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, butit enable us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable, It's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle moreinteresting problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.[N] If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculumand an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a like a library in thatthere are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems tobe missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in anymeaningful way. Rather than saying, ‘This is science, over here is history,' I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children inhigher level learning?[O] I feel like this is a shift away form a subject matter-based curriculum to a moreexperiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shiftingaround not what kids learn but how they learn.36. A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.37.The teachers' role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor andfacilitate during the process.ing up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to theconcept of making.39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by studentsthemselves.43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a schoolcurriculum.44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.Section CPassage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow(誓约), couples promise to stay together in sicknessand in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couplesrises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing thestress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time ofthe first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset(发生)of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的)illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face ofillness," Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the noeswho become ill, they're more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce in more likely when wives but nothusbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. "Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for mento provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance inmarriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices amongprospective partners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population,Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between diseaseand risk of divorce."Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reducemarital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also importantto recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."46.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A.They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B.They are as binding as they used to be.C.They are not taken seriously any more.D.They may help couples tide over hard times.47.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A.They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B.They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C.They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D.They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48.What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A.They are more likely to be widowed.B.They are more likely to get divorced.C.They are less likely to receive good care.D.They are less likely to bother their spouses.49.Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A.They are more accustomed to receiving care.B.They find it more important to make money for the family.C.They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D.They expect society to do more of the job.50.What does Karraker think is also important?A.Reducing marital stress on wives.B.Stabilizing old couples's relations.C.Providing extra care for divorced women.D.Making men pay for their wives' health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother calledyou by a sibling's(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean sheloved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, foundthat the "wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the samerelationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where thenames shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close tothem by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names withinrelationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as oldpeople to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and thismistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistakeslightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on theirchildren more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51.How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A.Unwanted.B.Unhappy.C.Confused.D.Indifferent.52.What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A.It is related to the way our memories work.B.It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C.It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D.It often causes misunderstandings among people.53.What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A.Similar personality traits.B.Similar spellings of names.C.Similar physical appearance.D.Similar pronunciation of names.54.What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A.It more often than not hurts relationships.B.It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C.It is most frequently found in extended families.D.It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55.Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A.They suffer more frustrations.B.They become worn out more often.C.They communicate more with their children.D.They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation【题干】灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
英语四级答案：2019年6月大学英语四级翻译真题答案解析(功夫)
英语四级答案：2019年6月大学英语四级翻译真题答案解析（功夫）英语四级答案：2019年6月大学英语四级翻译真题答案解析（功夫）功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。
中国武术的起源能够追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。
它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。
它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。
作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。
有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。
分句解析：第1句：功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。
1. 句型：简单句，主系表结构；“中国武术的”是“俗称”的定语，用“of”结构处理。
2. 单词：俗称：common name, folk sayingKung Fu is the common name of Chinese martial arts.第二句：中国武术的起源能够追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。
自卫：self-defense；狩猎活动：hunting；军事训练：military trainingThe origin of Chinese Kung Fu can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese militarytraining.第三句：它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。
1. 句型：复合句，主句be one of +名词复数；从句对主句的补充，非限制性定语从句。
2. 单词：老年人：senior people，old peopleIt is one of the traditional Chinese sports, which ispracticed by both young and senior people.第四句：它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。
2019年6月大学英语四级范文及三套试卷答案
Writing(30 minutes)请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试。
1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to help elderly people in the neighborhood .You should write at least 120 words not more than 180 words.【四级真题作文参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’ feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate thi s experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved.2.For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【四级真题作文参考范文】Our Student Union organized 52 students, including me, to pay a visit to a Hope elementary school last Sunday. That elementary school is called Red Star School, which is in the eastern part of our province, and was founded three years ago funded by the Love & Care Foundation of our university.The detail of the activity is as follows. In order to raise more funds to help the students in the Red Star school, 52 students, who signed up for this trip voluntarily, called for the students in pur univerisity to donate clothes, bags, and money, 2 weeks before the trip. Then, last Sunday, they donated the stuff and money to the pupils on behalf of our students. I was really touched when I saw the smiles on the kids’ lovely faces. In that afternoon, our students played several games and sang a couple of songs with the children. The laughters and melodies are still echoing in my ears. In the end, 15 students stayed there to be voluntary teachers for another two weeks.This activity, to sum up, is of great significance. Not only did it help children in the Red Star School to improve their study and life, but our students can greatly enhance our awareness of responsibility. I hope that every one in our university can try our best to help more people in need.3.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【四级真题作文参考范文】An Impressive Activities-VisitingIn order to help us students to enrich life and broaden horizon, the Student Union organized a meaningful activity on last weekend–visiting the local farm, by which we grasped much useful knowledge about agriculture.The farm we visited is located in the suburb of Beijing and far away from our school, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many organic vegetables, including corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific technique. One of the most impressive things for us is that by means of green farming methods, the problem of environmental pollution has been effectively alleviated.This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get us closer to the nature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professional knowledge about husbandry technology.Listening(卷一）1. A) He set a record by swimming to and form an island,2. A) He doubled the reward.3 B To encouragc latc marriage.4 D They will not comc into immediate effect.5 C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.6 B It leaves the house in a mess7 D Expand their busincss.8 C He took the driver’s theory exam.9 A He was not well prepared.10 B They are costly.11 A Pass his road test the first time.12 C Leeds’ tuition for intemadonal students.13 D Pursue postgraduate studies.14 B His outstanding musical talent15 D Teach overseas.16.C. Only a few species cause trouble to humans.17.B. They can cause damage t o people’s homes.18.A. Deny them access to any food.19. D. The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20. B Offer blood samples.21. C Helping improve old peoples health conditions.22. D A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. C Participate in national chess competition.24. A Most of them come from low income familics.25. B Think twice before taking action.阅读填空第一套答案：26. G 27. M 28. A 29. L 30.C 31.F 32. J 33. O 34. I 35. E长篇阅读1Make stuff, fail , and learn while you’reat it36E a maker space is where37L the teacher’s role is enhanced38H coming up with an idea of39F contrary to structured learning40A America is a nation known for41J making will be boring42G making can be related to a project43N the author suggests incorporating theidea44D the maker concept is a modern45I making is not taken仔细阅读第一套Passage one most kids grow up46 C cover the walls of an ole house with graffiti47 D they are mostly passers-by48 B they expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session49 D it is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year around50 D it has created some meaningful artistic workstwo51 A patients may not able to carry them through for effective cure52 C their easy and inexpensive access by patients53 A the combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective54 B their effectiveness should not be overestimated55 D human interactionListening(卷二)：Section A1.B. Safety concersn.2.D. It plays an important role in the nation’s eco nomy.3.C. To rescue two sick American workers.4.A. The darkness and cold.5.D. With a full-sized helicopter.6.B. He has rich experience in flying.7.C. Do something fun and creative.Section B8.D. To arrange the delivery of a package.9.C. She is not at home.10.B. He will be working somewhere else.11.A. Sign her name.12.B. Study abroad.13.C. Rather depressed.14.D. He has to finish an assignment.15.A. Say goodbye to the woman at the airport. Section C16.C. Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.17.D. They make good fields for farming.18.B. They feed on certain small mammals.19.A. He is self-employed.20.B. Loving the work they do.21.A. It does not come to anyting without hard work.22.C. It evoled in the mid-1970s.23.C. She hated to see her idling about.24.A. After she started eaching English.25.B. It has made her happy and energetic.选词填空真题卷二26 H it has migrated from Detroit to silicon valley27 A in a bid to take production back to detroit28 G lawmakers have introduced legislation that could29 D Michigan’s dominance in auto research30 I countries which desire to replace our leadership31 N the lead sponsor of four bills32 J they would represent a substantial update33 E set up on-demand fleets of self-driving cars34 B in contrast35 K far mor restrictive rules that长篇阅读2Living with parents edges out other livingarrangement for 18-to-34-year-olds36H unemployed young men are more likely to37E in 2014, the percentage of men aged 18to 3438G the percentage of young people who aremarried39B around the mid-20th century40K young adults with a college degree41F young men are less likely to42I more young adult women live43H the percentage of young men44J the rise in the number of collegestudents45G one reason for young adults仔细阅读21 pew research46 D they are just as intelligent and innovative as men47C their failures may have something to do with family duties48B Gender bias49D people have opposing opinions as to whether women will make good leaders 50A a women in the highest position of govermentTwo people’s height51B there has been a marked increase in most countries52Cit impacts more on an individual than on a population53A they tend to live longer54B they are actually shouter than their earlier generations55D ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment选词填空真题卷三26. C As one of the most brutal predators27. I may not fit the image of a cultured creature28. K a vast range of highly refined behaviors29. J which literally means “to cultivate”30. A it refers to anything that is acquired or learnt31. B have developed certain genetic adaptations that…32 O thereby allowing them to thrive in their cold climate33 G a range of different habitats across the globe34 F with an empire that extends from pole to pole35 M leading scientists to speculate that长篇阅读3How work will change when most of us live to 10036I an extended lifespan in the future37G just extending one’s career38D nowadays ,many Americans have39N Because of their longer lifespan40A many more people will be expected41K A longer life will cause42H fast technological change makes43F many people may not44M the close between age45C people living a longer and healthier仔细阅读卷三Vow誓约46A they may not guarantee a lasting marriage47B they can become increasingly vulnerable to serious 48B they are more likely to get divorced49A they are more accustomed to receiving care50C providing extra care for divorced womenSibling51B unhappy52A it is related to the way our memories work53D similar pronuncitation of names54D it most often occurs within a relationship group55C they communicate more with their childrenPart IV Translation（30 minutes）Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。
2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(第三套)
2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案（第三套）目录2019年6月大学英语四级真题试题三详细答案(精品)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【解析】写作题考察同学们的写作能力，要求在30分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于120词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。
三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。
四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关词语表达。
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题答案(第二套)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题答案（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report toyour campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your StudentUnion.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】An Impressive Activities-VisitingIn order to help us students to enrich life and broaden horizon, the Student Union organized a meaningful activity on last weekend--visiting the local farm, by which we grasped much useful knowledge about agriculture.The farm we visited is located in the suburb of Beijing and far away from our school, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes,the farmers on the farm grow many organic vegetables, including corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific technique. One of the most impressive things for us is that by means of green farming methods, the problem of environmental pollution has been effectively alleviated.This outdoors activity has a really deep impression forus. Not only did it get us closer to the nature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professional knowledge about husbandry technology.【参考范文译文】一次难忘的参观活动为了帮助我们学生丰富生活，拓宽眼界，学生会在上周组织了一次有意义的活动——参观当地的农场。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及解析(第一套)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及解析（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 wordsPart II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】News Report OneA 9-vear-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back.A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy.James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. His father said he had offered his son $ 100 as a reward; to encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to $ 200.James pushed forward，making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland. Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What did the boy from central California do according to report?A. He visited a prison located on a faraway island.B. He swam around an island near San Francisco.C. He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.D. He set a record by swimming to and from an island.2. What did the father do to encourage his son?A. He set him an example.B. He doubled the reward.C. He had the event covered on TV.D. He cheered him on all the way.【听力原文】News Report TwoOn the first January, new regulations will coming to effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women and 25 for men, the South China morning post reports.The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China's one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished，this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says.In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80.But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus of China?A. To give people more time to travel.B. To increase working efficiency.C. To encourage late marriage.D. To end the one-child policy.4. What do we learn about the new regulations?A. They will not come into immediate effect.B. They will boost China's economic growth.C. They will help to popularize early marriage.D. They will not be welcomed by young people.【听力原文】News Report ThreeEveryone loves a good house party, but the cleaning-up the next morning isn't as enjoyable. Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes-and even splitting headaches-back to normal.The properly named startup Morning After Maids, was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst. Aside from cleaning-up, he two will also cook breakfast, and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends, which is when their service is in most demand anyway.Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there, they are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What is the news report mainly about?A. Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B. A new company to clean up the mess after parties.C. Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.D. Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends6. What is a common problem with the house party?A. It leaves the house in a mess.B. It takes a lot of time to prepare.C. It makes party goers exhausted.D. It creates noise and misconduct.7. What are Rebecca Folly and Catherine Ashers planning to do?A. Visit the U.S. and Canada.B. Hire an Australian lawyer.C. Expand their business.D. Settle a legal dispute.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】Conversation OneW: Kyle, how did your driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?M: Y es, I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed out my result, but I was afraid to open it until I was outside, it was such a relief to pass. W: Congratulations. I knew you could do it! I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn't you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared.But good job in passing the second time. I'm so proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?M: Y es, thanks, I'm so happy to be actually on the road now. I've only had two driving lessons so far, and my instructor is very understanding, so I'm really enjoying it. And I can't wait for my next session. Although the lessons are rather expensive, 20pounds an hour, and the instructor says I'll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total that's what-six to eight hundred pounds. So this time I'll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time.W: Well, good luck.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. What did the man do yesterday?A. He passed the driver's road test.B. He took the driver's theory exam.C. He got his driver's license.D. He had a driving lesson.9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?A. He was not well prepared.B. He was not used to the test formatC. He did not get to the exam in time.D. He did not follow the test procedure.10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?A. They are too short.B. They are tough.C. They are costly.D. They are helpful.11. What does the man hope to do next?A. Earn enough money for driving lessons.B. Find an experienced driving instructor.C. Test-drive a few times on highways.D. Pass his road test the first time. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.【听力原文】Conversation TwoM: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you're going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?W: Congratulations. Yes, I believe for international students you'll have to pay around thirteen thousand pounds a year. It's just a bit more than the local students.M: OK. So that's about seventeen thousand dollars for the tuition and fees. Anyway I'm only going to be there for a year, doing my master's. So it's pretty good. If I stayed in the US, it'd take two years and cost at least fifty thousand dollars in tuition alone. Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which would be pretty awesome, the benefits of being a music genius.W: Yeah. I heard you're a talented piano player. So you're doing a postgraduate degree now. I'm still in my last year，graduating next June. Finally I'll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.W: You'd be surprised. I'm still going to be a teacher. But the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so experience in England. It's better paid, and I get to travel, which reminds me I'm late for my class, and I've got some documents I need to print out first. I've better run.12. What does the man want to know?A. The acceptance rate at Leeds.B. Where the woman studies.C. How to apply for studies at a university.D. Leeds’ tuition for international students.13. What is the man going to do?A. Pursue postgraduate studies.B. Do research on higher education.C. Apply to an American university.D. Perform in a famous musical14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at the Leeds University?A. His unique experience.B. His academic excellence.C. His outstanding musical talent.D. His favorable recommendations.15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?A. Travel widely.B. Teach overseas.C. Do a master's degree.D. Settle down in England.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】Passage OneScientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world-and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground.A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out.Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, otherspecies can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter.So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What does the passage say about ants?A. Many species remain unknown to scientists.B. Only a few species cause trouble to humans.C. They help farmers keep diseases in check.D. They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?A. They like to form colonies in electrical units.B. They can survive a long time without water.C. They can cause damage to people's homes.D. They are larger than many other species.18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?A. Refrain from eating sugary food.B. Destroy their colonies close by.C. Keep doors and windows shut.D. Deny them access to any food.【听力原文】Passage TwoMy research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases.We know that as we get older, it's easier for us to get infections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age.In most of our work when we're looking at older adults who've got an illness, we always have to have healthy controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called "The 1000 Elders". These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research.The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment we’re living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they're not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. We want people to be healthy even when they are old.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What is the focus of the speaker's research?A. The function of the human immune system.B. The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C. The change in people's immune system as they get older.D. The viruses that may infect the human immune system.20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?A. Offer blood samples.B. Help to interview patients.C. Act as research assistants.D. Report their illnesses.21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?A. Strengthening people's immunity to infection.B. Better understanding patients' immune system.C. Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.D. Helping improve old people's health conditions.【听力原文】Passage ThreeWhen Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess."I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it," he said.Now Komada coaches the school's chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went，they won the third place in the nation.Komada says chess gives him and his students’ control. The school has the highest number of kids from low income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago; a young man was shot just down the street.Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary?A. A group of kids were playing chess after school.B. His students were struggling to follow his lessons.C. A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.D. His students had trouble getting on with each other.23. What are dozens of students from Komada's school going to do this week?A. Join the school's chess team.B. Visit a chess team in Nashville.C. Receive training for a chess competition.D. Participate in a national chess competition.24. What do we learn about the students of Kilip Elementary?A. Many have become national chess champions.B. Most of them come from low-income families.C. A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D. Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. What have the students learned from Komada?A. Think twice before taking action.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. Take action before it gets too late.D. Translate their words into action.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country. if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's 29 in auto research and development are under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen, "says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even setup on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A. bidB. contrastC. deputyD. dominanceE. fleetsF. knotsG. legislationH. migratedI. replaceJ. representK. restrictive L. reward M. significant N. sponsor O. transmitted Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians(百岁老人). Worldwide,probably450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50%of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given theassociated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity（长寿）with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer，then this willresult in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that"70 is the new 60"or"40 the new 30."If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take，for instance, the age at which people makecommitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career;These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962.50%of Americans were married by age 21.By 2014, that milestone（里程碑）had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realizationfor the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement，and not only for financial reasons. Yes,unless people are prepared to save a lot more，our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s. then you are likely to work until your early 70s；and if you are in your early20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your80s.But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive（认知的）and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengtheningthat second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious in tangible assets such as productiveskills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered inchildhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-yearcareer.If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stagescontaining two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals（休假）as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions，while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40 or 60; a manager at 30, 50 or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer life spans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life oftheir parents or grandparents40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental andemotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约），couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband-becomes seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages They found that, overall, 31%of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness." Karraker said."They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill. Karraker offers a few possible reasons."Gender norms and social expectations about care-giving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses, "Karraker said." And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce."Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."。