五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练：专题05 生态环保类
1 五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 专题05生态环保类
“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。 【高考探究】 “生态环保”是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2018年浙江卷阅读理解D篇；2017年江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2016上海卷阅读理解B篇；2016四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。 识记词汇 Ⅰ.必记单词 1.behaviour n.行为→behave v.举止，表现 2.damage n.& vt.毁坏，损害 3.destroy vt.破坏，毁坏→destruction n.破坏，毁灭 4.distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n.距离 5.effort n.努力，艰难的尝试 6.influence n.&vt.影响 7.permit vt.许可，允许；n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可 8.pollution n.污染→pollute vt.使污染 9.prevent vt.防止，预防 10.protect vt.保护→protection n.保护 11.recycle vt.回收；再循环 12.volunteer n.志愿者 2
13.waste vt.& n.浪费；滥用；废料 14.wave v.挥手；向……致意；n.波浪；挥手 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 15.advocate vt.拥护，支持；提倡 16.atmosphere n.大气；气氛 17.blow vt.吹；刮；n.吹；重击 18.challenging adj.具有挑战性的 19.decrease v.减少，变小 20.decline v.减少，下降；衰退；谢绝 21.disappearance n.消失→disappear vi.消失，失踪 22.ecology n.生态，生态学 23.environment n.环境 24.evolution n.进化，演变 25.extinction n.灭绝 26.garbage n.垃圾 27.harvest n.& vt.收割，收获(物) 28.harmony n.和谐 29.irrigate vt.灌溉 30.material n.原料；材料 31.primitive adj.原始的，远古的 32.preserve vt.保护；保留，保存 33.protection n.保护 34.punishment n.惩罚 35.puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 36.radiation n.放射，放射物 37.responsibility n.责任，负责→responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的 38.rubbish n.垃圾；废物 39.substitute vt.取代，代替 40.survival n.存活，幸存 II 高频短语 3
1.call on sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事 2.cut down砍倒 3.die out灭绝 4.do harm to对……有危害 5.have disastrous effect on对……有灾难性的影响 6.live in harmony with与……和谐相处 7.prevent...from...阻止……做…… 8.run out用完；耗尽 9.take steps/measures/action to do sth.采取措施做某事 10.take/be responsibility for对……负责任 语境活用 [运用上述短语完成片段] Recently many trees in the forest 1.were cut down(被砍倒) by the farmers，which 2.did great harm to(给……带来很大危害) nature.Many animals and plants have 3.died out(灭绝).This will 4.have disastrous effect on(对……有灾难性的影响) human being.I think human beings should 5.take responsibility for(对……负责) their actions and 6.live in harmony with(与……和谐共处) nature.The government should 7.take measures/steps/action to 8.prevent them from(阻止他们) doing these things again and 9.call on(号召) them to plant more trees. III 经典句式 1.with复合结构 With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse. 在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。 仿写 Tori的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，“我敢打赌，Sean两天前告诉我的。”(2016·浙江) With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.” 2.It’s (high) time that... It’s high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment. 到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。 仿写 是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。 It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay. 3.过去分词(短语)作状语 Faced with this situation，we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection. 4
面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。 仿写 因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。 Bitten by the snake in the bush，Susan was sent back to the camp. 【典例剖析】 Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.
70.It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that . A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020 B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming 答案 D 5
解+析 推理判断题。根据第一段第三至六句“Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto...stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming.”可知，自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D项正确。 71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100? A. The human population would increase by one third. B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist. C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets. D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached. 答案 D 解+析 推理判断题。根据第二段“This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions”可知，如果各国的气体排放能够符合《巴黎协议》的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的“To meet this minimum goal”可知，最小的目标是上升两度，也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D项正确。 72.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be . A.0.8℃ B.1.5℃ C.2℃ D.3.5℃ 答案 B 解+析 细节理解题。根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B项正确。 名师指津 1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 通过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了世界各国的人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。 文章具体脉络如下：
【汇编五年高考】2014-2018高考英语试题按题型专题分类解析12交际用语含解析
英语专题目录一览表专题01冠词名词和主谓一致含解析专题02代词介词和介词短语含解析专题03形容词和副词含解析专题04动词和动词短语含解析专题05动词的时态和语态含解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析专题07非谓语动词含解析专题08定语从句含解析专题09连词和状语从句含解析专题10名词性从句含解析专题11特殊句式含解析专题12交际用语含解析专题13人物传记故事类含解析专题14新闻报道广告类含解析专题15社会生活说理议论类含解析专题16科普类说明文含解析专题17阅读新题型含解析专题18完形填空之记叙文含解析专题19完形填空之夹叙夹议含解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析专题21语法填空含解析专题22短文改错含解析专题23文字提纲式含解析专题24图画式含解析专题12 交际用语2018年高考题1.【2018·天津】5. —I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You betB. It dependsC. Forget itD. No kidding【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。
句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。
——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。
A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. No kidding别开玩笑。
根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。
故选A。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let me know whe n, and I’ll be there.，就不难选出正确答案。
高考英语大二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解 15 生态环保类课件
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So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for world processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
专题十) We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
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To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
专题05：阅读理解之环境保护类-最近三年(2019-2021)高考英语真题分类精编(解析版)
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
Paul Beer, head of rhin: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
5.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
6.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
专题05 阅读理解(科普文章)-2018年高考英语母题题源系列(解析版)
母题五阅读理解【母题来源一】【2018·全国I】【母题原题】D【2018·全国I】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of s tyle. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A33. 细节理解题。
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forestsin these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken inby the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling."We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there（2）The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________.A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun（3）Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming（4）The underlined phrase "soak up" in the last paragraph most probably means ________.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. distributed（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。
高中英语真题-2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题(5)及答案
高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（5）及答案阅读理解There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites (陨星) have had important effects on Earth, particularly in the field of biological evolution. Such impacts continue to pose a natural hazard to life on Earth. If an impact is large enough, it can distu rb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period (白垩纪期) of geological history. This break in Earth's history is marked by a mass extinction, when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen or more mass e xtinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extincti on has always intrigued paleontologists (古生物学者) because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaurs. For te ns of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished. Th en, suddenly, they disappeared.The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous peri od was a meteorite with a mass of more than a trillion tons anda diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified thi s impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment (沉积物) deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet afte r the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iri dium (铱) and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust (地壳) of Earth. Even diluted (稀释) by the terrestrial (地球的) material excavated (挖掘) from the crater, this component of meteorites is easily identi fied. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucat region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sedim ent, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavatin g a crater about twice as large as the lunar crater Tycho. The e xplosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere . Such a quantity of material would have blocked the sunlight co mpletely from reaching the surface, plunging Earth into a period of cold and darkness that lasted at least several months. The e xplosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of n itric acid (硝酸) and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, startin g widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial for ests and grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasterscould have been responsible for the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have be en tentatively identified with large impacts, but none is so dram atic as the Cretaceous event. But even without such specific do cumentation, it is clear that impacts of this size do occur and th at their results can be catastrophic. What is a catastrophe for o ne group of living things, however, may create opportunities for another group. Following each mass extinction, there is a sudd en evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecologic al niches opened by the event.Impacts by meteorites represent one way that could cause glob al catastrophes and seriously influence the evolution of life all o ver the planet. According to some estimates, the majority of all extinctions of species may be due to such impacts. Such a pers pective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its succes s in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changi ng environments. Yet an equally important criterion is the ability of a species to survive random global ecological catastrophes due to impacts.5. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information t hat dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?A. To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of th e Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geologic al record.B. To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at th e time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cr etaceous.C. To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued b y the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous]D. To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to d isturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecologi cal disaster.6. According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth?A. They discovered a large crater in the Yucat region of Mexico.B. They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.C. They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavati ng in the Yucat region.D. They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons.7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following statements are true of the impact at the end of the Cretaceous period EXCEPT:A. A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from Earth.B. Earth became cold and dark for several months.C. New elements were formed in Earth's crust.D. Large quantities of nitric acid were produced.8. The phrase tentatively identified in the passage is closest in t he meaning to ____________.A. identified without certaintyB. identified after careful studyC. occasionally identifiedD. easily identified9. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements abou t the factors that are essential for the survival of a species?A. The most important factor for the survival of a species is its a bility to compete and adapt to gradual changes in its environme nt.B. The ability of a species to compete and adapt to a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is essential for survival.C. Since most extinctions of species are due to major meteorite impacts, the ability to survive such impacts is the most importa nt factor for the survival of a species.D. The factors that are most important for the survival of a species vary significantly from one species to another.参考答案 5-9 CBCAB第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
专题04科普知识与现代技术-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(Word版含解析)
专题04科普知识与现代技术“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。
总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。
【高考探究】“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
【典例剖析】（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than thosefor pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 专题02 人物故事类Word版含解析
专题02人物故事类人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。
写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
命题以细节为主，推理为辅。
主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。
文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。
命题方式考点一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except...4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevatorinside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in ter it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black CanyonC. between New York and San FranciscoD. both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
【名校推荐】专题09 节假日活动-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 Word版含解析
……………………………………………………………名校名师推荐………………………………………………… 1 专题09节假日活动
＂节假日活动＂是高中英语新课标话题之一，也是高考英语常考话题之一。它包括世界各地的文化节日、宗教节日、个人的庆祝活动及其庆祝这些活动的经历和感受等。 节假日活动作为一个有效的文化载体，在高考英语中常以阅读理解、短文改错和书面表达的形式出现，如2017年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇、2016年全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇、2016年四川卷和全国卷Ⅱ的短文改错、2015年全国卷II书面表达、2013年辽宁卷的书面表达等。
Passage 1（2017年·新课标卷I） 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 4月30日定为国际爵士日 352 ★★★☆☆ 7分钟 Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. ＂Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,＂ Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. ＂What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.＂ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music ……………………………………………………………名校名师推荐………………………………………………… 2 has been lost. ＂The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,＂ says Moran. Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, ＂just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,＂ says Moran. ＂For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,＂ says Moran, ＂so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.＂ 28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day? A. To remember the birth of jazz. B. To protect cultural diversity. C. To encourage people to study music. D. To recognize the value of jazz. 29. What does the underlined word ＂that＂ in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Jazz becoming more accessible. B. The production of jazz growing faster. C. Jazz being less popular with the young. D. The jazz audience becoming larger. 30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A. It will disappear gradually. B. It remains black and white. C. It should keep up with the times. D. It changes every 50 years. 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Exploring the Future of Jazz B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz C. The Story of a Jazz Musician D. Celebrating the Jazz Day 【话题解读】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为……………………………………………………………名校名师推荐………………………………………………… 3 还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。
专题03社会文化类-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(Word版含解析)
专题03社会文化类【话题解读】“社会文化类”是高中英语课程标准中24话题之一，包括东西方文化交流、文化习俗、宗教信仰、婚丧嫁娶等风俗习惯、艺术等的传播、东西方社会礼仪的差别等方面。
通过本话题的学习与高考英语的考查，了解东西方以及不同民族之间的文化交流，掌握一定的社会礼仪知识，为将来走向社会打下基础。
【高考探究】“社会文化类”是高考英语常考话题之一，常在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达中出现。
例如：2018年新课标卷I阅读理解B篇，2018年新课标卷II 阅读理解D篇；2017年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇，2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇，2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2015全国卷Ⅰ书面表达；2014年陕西卷书面表达；2012年大纲全国卷Ⅰ完形填空等。
【典例剖析】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as nece ssary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silen ce is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culturespecific.D. It is contentbased.【答案】C33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。