2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案

2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(卷一完整版) 范文： Writing：家长角色 There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). To begin with, family in growing numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oftentimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him or her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dreams by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the college by which they failed to be accepted, because they have become richer and they believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want come true now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream that one day he would become a violinist was broken because of lack of money. But he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my younger brother to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局). To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to communicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices(建议二，“是时候”句型). Only in these ways will children grow in a psychologically happy environment and realize their own dreams. 短对话原文（周祖骏） 1． W: I am going to give up playing chess, I lost again today. M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit? Q: What does the man imply? 2． M: Do you know Shirley’s new address? She’s got some mail here and I’d like to fold it to her. W: Well, we’ve not been in touch for quit a while. Let’s see, Marry should know it? Q: What does the women mean? 3. W: I missed the classes this morning could you please lent me your notes? M: My notes? You’ve never seem my hand writing, have you? Q: What does the man imply? 4. M: I am taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight. W: I went there last weekend and I found it rather disappointing. Q: What does the women mean? 5. W: Winter is over at last, time to put away my gloves and boots. M: I ‘ve been waiting for this for months. Q: What does the man mean? 6. W: Thank you for bringing the books back. M: I thought you need them over the weekend, many thanks for let me use them. Q: What do we learn from conversation？ 7. W: Are you working flexible hours? M: No I am not, The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work and that meant I have to leave an hour earlier than usual. Q: What does the man decide to do? 8. W: Our plane has been circling for a long time, we could delay. M: The airport was closed for a while this morning and things are still not back to normal. Q: What does the man mean? 短对话答案解析（孙祥喆）【总评】：8 个短对话总体来说比以往四级听力要难，但是考察水平令人叹服。题目的设置一改往年的模式化语境，更加委婉、微妙，贴近真实生活中的语境，选项并不是对原文的简单重现而是替换与推理。 1. 考点：推理判断答案：A. The woman should go on playing chess. 本题的关键在于听懂反问语气。女士说因为又输了棋，所以打算放弃。男士没有正面回应，而是反问了一句：“Is that any reason to quit? 这能算一个放弃的理由吗？”言下之意就是不该放弃。换句话说，男士就是建议女士继续好好继续下棋。 2. 考点：细节捕捉。答案：D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. 本题的关键在于听到最后一句“Mary should know it. ”男士说自己手边有一堆Sally的信件需要寄给她，所以需要知道她的地址。女士说自己很久没跟Sally联系了，但是结尾说了一句：“Mary应该知道地址。”如果没有听出结尾一句的反转含义，本题很容易错选。 3. 考点：推理判断答案：B. His notes are not easy to read. 本题的关键在于听懂反义疑问句。女士想要借笔记，男士说：“You’ve never see my handwriting, have you?”“你从没看过我的笔迹吧？”言下之意，就是自己的笔记难以辨认。 4. 考点：推理判断答案：D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 本题的关键在于听懂否定语气。男士说我今晚要带女朋友去新开的漂亮饭店过生日。女士说我上周去过，太让我失望了。从 “rather disappointing” 可以听出女士的强烈否定语气，言下之意就是建议男士不要去这家饭馆了。 5. 考点：推理判断答案：C. He has been looking forward to spring. 本题在于听懂期待语气。本题首先听到女士开头说的：“冬天终于结束了。”和男士结尾说：“我等了好几个月了啊。”有所期待才会愿意等待，显然是男士希望冬天快点结束，春天快点到来。 6. 考点：细节捕捉答案：B. The man appreciates the woman’s help. 本题关键在于听懂感谢语气。男士说：“Many thanks for letting me use them.”（太感谢你让我看他们了。）thank Many thanks和选项中的appreciate为同义词。 7. 考点：细节捕捉答案：B. Go to work on foot. 本题的关键在于捕捉否定词之后被突出的信息。男士提到的“walk to work”和选项中的Go on foot. 为同义表达。 8. 细节捕捉答案：A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation. 本题考察的是一组明显的因果关系，即什么导致了延误。男士提到今早机场关闭了一段时间了，而且仍然没恢复正常。“closed for a while”与选项中的Temporary closing构成同义替换。

长对话（周祖骏）点评：今年听力长对话的选材还是来自于我们熟悉的工作场景的解决问题和个人访谈；长对话的逻辑非常清晰，采取问答形式，一人主导提问，一人主导回答。如果能够把握好问题是考题，回答是答案这一基本原则，长对话答题应该是不难的。而且选项和原文一遍是原文重现，即听到什么选什么即可。 Conversation 1 W: Morning, this is TGC! M: Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please? W: Who’s calling, please? M: Walter Barry, from London. W: What is it about, please?——问题是考题 M: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant.（9题答案——回答是答案。）My own company LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing.（9题答案——重复答案最容易） I’d like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC to protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time.——第10题答案（男士公司存在的问题） W: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now. M: Can you tell me when I could reach him? W: He’s very busy for the next few days. Then he’ll be away in New York. So it’s difficult to give you a time. M: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps? W: Who, in particular? M: A colleague, for example?——问题是考题 W: You are speaking to his personal assistance.——回答是答案（11题答案） I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand. M: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?——问题是考题 W: No, I’m sorry, he won’t be free tomorrow.Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details of your products and services, together with references from other companies. And then we’ll contact you.——回答是答案（12题答案） M: Yes, that’s very kind of you. I have your address. M: Barry. Walter Barry, from LCP in London. W: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.

合集下载

2015年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(二)

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析（第2套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Dire cti ons ：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modem life. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.THIS MODERN LIFEWORK HOME PLAY SLEEPPart II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)Section ADire cti ons：In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A) He is pl eas ed t o sit on th e co m mitt ee.B) He is w illi ng t o of fer t he w om an a ha nd.C) He wil l te ll the wo man h is d eci sion l at er.D) He wo uld like to b eco me a c lu b mem ber.2.A) Their planne d tri p to V an cou v er is o bvious ly ov erpriced.B) The y sho uld bor row a gui de b o ok ins te ad of buy ing o ne.C) The guid e bo oks i n th e lib rar y hav e the lat est inf orm ation.D) The libr ary c an h elp ord er g uide book s ab out Van cou ver.3.A) He re gr ets h avi ng t ake n the his t ory c our se.B) He fin ds li ttl e in ter est in th e hist ory b ook s.C) He has tro ubl e fi nish ing his read ing ass ign men ts.D) He ha s di ffi cul ty w rit ing t he w e ekly book rep ort.4.A) T he m an h ad be tte r ch oos e an o ther res tau ran t.B) The ne w res tau ra nt is a per fect pla ce f or d ating.C) The ne w res tau ra nt ca ugh t her f anc y imm ediately.D) The ma n ha s goo d taste in ch o osin g the restau ran t.5. A) H e ha s bee n lo oki ng fo rw ar d to sp rin g. C) He w ill cle an t he wo ma n’s b oots for sp rin g.B) He has be en w ait ing f or t he w in ter s ale.D) He will help th e wom an p ut th in gs aw ay.6. A) At a tai lor’s. C) In a cl oth es st ore.B) At Bob’s hom e. D) In a th eatre.7. A) His guest s fa vor Tib etan dri nks. C) Mineral wat er is goo d fo r hea lth.B) At Bob’s h ome.D) Plain water will serv e the purpose.8. A) Repor t th e res ult of a d isc us sion. C) Submit an im portant doc ume nt.B) Rais e so me en vir onm ent al i ssue s. D) Revise an en vi ronm ental repo rt.Questio ns 9 t o 12 a re b ase d on t he c onve rsa tio n yo u hav e ju st heard.9.A) Th ey po llute t he so il u sed t o co v er th em. C) The ru bbi sh in th em takes lon g to d issolv e.B) The y ar e ha rmf ul t o nea rby nei g hbor hoo ds. D) The g as th ey em it is extrem ely poi sono us.10.A) Gr owi ng po pul ati on. C) Changed eating hab it s.B) Pac kag ing mat eri als. D) Lower pro duction co st.11.A) By s avi ng e ner gy. C) By redu ci ng po iso nou s wast es.B) By us ing les s al umi num. D) By mak ing the m ost of ma te ria ls.12.A) We are run nin g out o f na tur al r es ourc es soon.B) On ly co mbi ned eff ort s ca n make a diff erence.C) Th e wa ste p rob lem wil l ev entu al ly hu rt all of u sD) Al l of u s ca n act ual ly b ene fit fro m rec ycling.Questio ns 13 to 15 are bas ed o n the conv ers ati on y ou have just h eard.13.A) Mi ami.B) Va nco uver.C) Bellin gh am.D) Bo sto n.14.A) To g et i nfo rma tio n on o ne-wa y ti cket s to C anada.B) To i nquire abo ut th e pr ice of “ S uper Sav er” seats.C) To g et a dvi ce o n how to fl y as ch eapl y as p ossible.D) To i nqu ire abo ut th e sh ort est rou t e to dr ive hom e.15.A) Jo in a t our ist g rou p.C) Av oid t rip s in p ubl ic h olid ays.B) Choos e a ma jor air lin e. D) Bo ok ti cke ts a s early a s po ssi ble.Section BDire cti ons：In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Pass age OneQuestions 16 to 18 are bas ed o n the pass age you h ave just heard.16.A) Th ere are mys ter iou s sto rie s be hi nd his works.B) Th ere are man y mis und ers tan din gs ab out h im.C) Hi s wor ks h ave no ma tch wor ld wide.D) Hi s pe rson al h ist ory i s li ttl e kno w n.17.A) He mov ed to S tr atf ord-on-Av on in his chi ldh ood.B) He f ai led t o go b eyo nd g ram mar scho ol.C) He w as a mem ber of th e to wn c ounc il.D) He o nc e wor ke d in a w ell-kn ow n act ing comp any.18.A) Wr ite rs o f his tim e ha d no m ean s to pro tect th eir works.B) Pos sib le s our ces of cl ues abo ut hi m wer e lost in a fire.C) Hi s wor ks w ere ada pte d be yon d reco gnitio n.D) Pe opl e of his ti me h ad li ttl e in ter e st in h im.Pass age TwoQuestio ns 19 to 21 are bas ed o n the pass age you h ave jus t heard.19.A) It s how s you hav e be en i gno rin g your health.B) It c an s eri ous ly a ffe ct y our t hin ki ng pr ocess.C) It i s an e ar ly wa rni ng o f so me il ln ess.D) It i s a sy mpt om o f to o muc h pr es sure.20. A) Redu ce ou r wo rkl oad. C) Use painkillers f or relief.B) Contro l ou r tem pe r. D) Avoid mas kin g sym pto ms.21. A) Lyi ng do wn a nd h avi ng so me sl eep. C) Goin g out for a wa lk.B) Rubbi ng an d pr ess ing one’s bac k. D) List ening to lig ht mu sic.Pass age Thr eeQuestio ns 22 to 25 are bas ed o n the pass age you have just heard.22. A) Depe ndi ng he avi ly o n loa ns. C) Spend ing beyond one’s m ean s.B) Havin g no b udg et p lan s at a ll. D) Leavi ng n o roo m for lar ge b ills.23. A) Ma ny of the m ca n be c ut. C) They eat up most of the fami ly i nco me.B) All of t hem hav e to b e co ver e d. D) They eat up mo st o f the fam ily inco me.24. A) Re nt a hous e ins tead of buy i ng on e. C) Make a con se rva tio n pla n.B) Discu ss th e pr obl em i n the fa mily. D) Move to a ch eap er p lac e.25. A) Fi nan cia l iss ues pla gui ng a f amil y. C) Family budg et p rob lem s an d sol utions.B) Diffi cul ty i n mak ing bot h end s mee t. D) New ways to bo ost fam ily i nco me.Section CDire cti ons ：In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.Perh aps bec aus e go ing t o co lle ge is so mu ch a p art o f th e Am eri can dre a m, many peo ple g o fo r no 26 r eas on. Some go be cause t hei r pa ren ts e xpect it, o the rs be cause ifs w hat their fr iends a re do ing. Then, the re’s th e bel ie f tha t a co llege degree w ill 27 ens ure a goo d job a nd hig h pa y.Some s tud ent s 28 th rou gh fo ur y e ars, at ten din g classes, or skipping (逃课) th em as the case ma y be, rea ding o nly what can’t b e avo ide d, loo kin g fo r le ss 29 cour ses, and n ever being to uche d or c ha nge d in any im por tan t way. Fo r a fewof these peop le, c oll ege p rov ides no 30 , yet be ca use o f paren tal or p eer pressure, th ey ca nno t vo lun tarily l eave. The y st op tryi ng in the hop e tha t th eir t ea che rs will mak e the decisi on f or th em b y 31 them.To put it b lun tly/(直截了当地）,u nle ss you’re w illing to make you r colleg e yea rs cou nt, you mig ht be 32 doing some thi ng e lse. N ot e ver yon e sh ou ld at ten d col lege, no r sh ould every one w ho do es atte nd b egin ri ght a fter h igh scho ol. Many col leg e st ude nts 33 t akin g a yea r or so o ff. A year ou t in the w orld hel ps some peo ple to 34 their prioriti es a nd goal s. If you’r e re all y going to g et s omet hin g out of going to colleg e, you have to ma ke it mean som eth in g, and to do that you must h ave som e ide a wh y yo u’r e th ere, w hat you h ope to get ou t of it, and 35 even wha t yo u hop e to b ecom e.PartⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Sect ion ADire cti ons：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Youmay not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questio ns 36 to 45 are bas ed o n the foll owi ng p assage.Ifs our g uil ty p lea sur e： W atchin g TV is the mos t co mmo n ev ery day a ctiv ity, aft er w ork and sle ep, in ma n y parts o f the w orl d. Ame ric ans vie w fiv e ho u rs of T V ea ch d ay, an d while w e kn ow th at sp end ing so mu ch time s itti ng 36 can l ea d to obesit y/(肥胖症）a nd ot her dis e ases, r es ear chers h ave n ow q uan tified just how 37 b ein g a co uch pot at o can b e.In a n a nal ysi s o f da ta fr om e igh t l arg e 38 .pu blished studies, a Harv ar d-le d g rou p r epo rte d in th e that fo r e very tw o hour s per day sp ent c han nel 39 , the ris k of dev elop ing Ty pe 2 diabetes Journal of the Am eri can M e dica l Aso c ia t ion (糖尿病）ro se 20% ov er 8. 5 ye ars, the ri sk o f heart d isease increased 15% ove r a 40 , and t he od ds o f dyin g pre maturely 41 13% d uri ng a s eve n-yea r f oll o w-up. Al l o f t hes e 42 are linked to a lac k o f p hysical exerci se. But com par ed wi thSection BDire cti ons ：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked witha letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Essa y-G ra ding Sof tware Offers P ro fessors a BreakA)Imag ine t aki ng a col leg e exam, an d, inste ad of h andi ng in a blue bo o k and get tin g a gra de fro m a pro fe ssor a fewweeks lat er, cl ick ing t he “s end” but t on whe n you are do ne an d receivin g a grad e back instan tly, y our e ssa y scored by a soft war e pr ogr am. An d th en, ins tea d of bei ng do ne w ith that exam, ima g ine th at the sy ste m wo uld i mme dia t ely let yo u rewrit e the tes t to t ry to imp rov e you r grade.B)EdX, the no npr ofi t ente rpr is e foun ded by Harvard and th e Massach usetts Instit ute of T ech nol ogy (M IT) to offercour ses on the In ter net, h as j ust i ntr o duce d su ch a syst em and will make its a uto mat ed(自动的）so ftw are av aila ble fre e on the W eb t o an y in sti tut ion tha t want s to use it. The s oftware u ses a rtif ici al inte lligen ce to g rad e student essays and shor t wr itt en an sw ers, f ree ing pro fes sors for o ther tasks.C)The n ew s er vic e wi ll b rin g th e ed u cati onal consortium(联盟)int o a g rowin g co nfl ict ove r th e role of automation ineduc ati on. Alt hough auto ma ted gr a ding sy stems for mu lti ple-ch oice an d true-false te sts are n ow wid esp read, the use o f arti fic ial int ell ige nc e te chn olog y to g rade essay answers has not yet received w ide spread ac cep tan ce b y ed u cato rs a nd has m any c rit ics.D)Anan t Aga rw al, an e lectri cal e ngi ne er who is presiden t of Ed X, predicted that t he in sta nt-gradin g so ftw are would be ausef ul tea chi ng too l, enab lin g s tud ents to tak e t est s and write essays o ver and ov er and im prove th e q ual ity of the ir answ ers. H e said t he te chn olo gy wo uld of fer d isti nct advantages o ver t h e trad itiona l cla ssroom sy ste m, whe re stud ents ofte n wa it da ys or wee ks fo r gr ade s. “There is a hug e value in learning with ins tan t feedb ack,” Dr. Ag arwa l said.“Studen ts a re te lli ng u s the y learn m uch b ett er with instant feedback.”E)But skeptics (怀疑者) th e aut oma ted sy stem is n o match fo r live teac hers. O ne lo ngtime cri tic , Le s Per elman, h asdrawn nat ion al at ten tio n sev er al ti m es for p utting t ogether non sen se essa ys tha t hav e foo led s oft ware gradi ng programs into g ivi ng h igh m ark s. He h as a lso been hig hly critical of stu dies cla imi ng th at th e so ftw are com pares w ell t o hum a n graders.F)He is amon g a grou p of educato rs who last month beg an circulating a petition(呼吁) opp osing a utom ate dasse ssm ent s oft ware. The gr oup, whic h calls its elf P rofession als Ag ains t Mac hin e Scoring o f Stud ent Essay s in High-St ake s Ass ess men t, has co lle cted n ear ly 2,000 sig natures, inc lu ding some from f amo us pe ople li ke Noa m Chom sky.G)“Let’s f ac e the re ali tie s of aut oma ti c ess ay scoring,” th e gr oup’s s tate ment rea ds in part.“Com puters ca nnot ‘read’.They ca nnot me asu re t he ess ent ial s of e ffe ctive written co mmu nication:a ccu rac y, re aso nin g, ad equ acy of evid ence, good s ens e, ethical( 伦理的) po sit ion, co nvincing argu men t, meanin g ful o rga niz ation, an d clari ty, am ong othe rs. H)But EdX exp ect s its so ftw ar e to b e adop ted w idely by schoo ls an d univ ersities. It offe rs free onlin e classes fromHarvar d, MIT and the Uni ver sit y of Cali fornia-Berk eley; th is f all, it w ill add c lasses fro m W ell esl ey, G eorge town an d the Univ er sit y of Te xas. In a ll, 12 u nive rsi ties p artici pate in Ed X, wh ic h of fers ce rti ficates for cou rse co mp leti on a nd has s aid t hat it pl ans to co nti nue to ex pand nex t year, in clu ding add ing i nt erna tio nal sch ools.I)The E dX as ses sme nt to ol r equ ire s h uman t eachers, or g rad er s, to first g rade 100 essay s or essa y que stions. T he sys temthen us es a v ari ety of ma chi ne-le ar ning te chn iqu es to train itself to be able to gra de any nu mbe r o f e ssa ys or a nsw ers auto mat ica lly a nd al mos t inst ant ly. The so ftw are will assig n a grade depend ing on t he sc ori ng sys tem c re a ted by th e teac he r, whe the r it i s a le tte r gr ade or nume rical（数字的）ran k.J)EdX i s n ot t he f irs t t o us e th e auto m ated as sessment tech nol ogy, which date s to early com puter s in the 1960s. The re is now a range of c omp ani es of fer ing commercial pr ograms to g rad e wri tten test an swe rs, an d four stat es—Loui sia na, Nort h Dakota, U tah a nd We st Vi rgi nia—are u sin g some form of th e tec hnology in sec ond ary scho ols. A fifth, Indiana, has experi men ted wi th i t. In so m e c ases th e so ftware is used as a “seco n d re ader,” to c hec k the r eliabi lity o f t he h uman graders.K)But the gr owi ng inf luence of the Ed X conso rtium to set stan dar ds is lik el y to give the te ch nolo gy a boo st. On Tues day, Stanfor d a nno unc ed tha t i t w oul d work wi th EdX to develop a join t educ ationa l system tha t w ill ma ke use of th e auto mat ed a sse ssm ent tec hno log y.L)Two sta rt-ups, Co urs era an d U da cit y, re cen tly fo und ed by Stanfo rd fac ulty me mbe rs to create “massiv e o pen onlin e cour ses,” or MOO Cs, ar e also c om mitt e d to au tomated assessmen t sys tems b eca use o f the va lue o f inst ant feed ba ck.“It all ows st ude nts to get im med iat e fee dba ck on their work, so th at lean turn s into a gam e, wi th stu den ts nat ural ly(吸引) to war d res ubm itt ing th e wo rk unti l the y get it righ t,” said Dap hne Rolle r, a comp uter scient ist a nd a found er o f Courser a.M)Last y ear t he He wlett Fou nd atio n, a gran t-making organ izatio n set u p by one of the H ewlett- Pac kard fou nde rs and hi s wife, s pon sor ed tw o $100,000 p riz es aim ed at impr ovi ng so ftw are t ha t grad es essay s and s hor t ans wers. More t ha n 150 te ams ent ere d ea ch ca teg or y. A winne r of o ne o f the Hewlet t con tests, Vi k Par uch uri, w as h ired by Ed X to hel p desi gn it s as ses sme nt s oft war e.N)“One of our foc use s is to help ki ds l earn ho w to think critically,”said Victor Vu chic, a prog ram officer at th e Hewl ett Foun dat ion. “ I t’s p rob abl y imp oss i ble to d o that with mul tip le-cho ice t ests. T he ch alleng e is th at th is re qui res hum an graders, and s o th ey co st a l ot mo re and t hey take a lot mor e time. ”O)Mark D. Sherm is, a pro fe sso r at th e Univ ers ity o f Akron in Oh io, su perv ised the H ewlett Found at ion’s cont est o n automat ed ess ay s cor ing an d wr ote a paper ab out the exp er ime nt. In his vi ew, th e t ech nol ogy—tho ug h impe rfe ct—ha s a pl ace in ed uc atio n al se tti ngs.P)With in cr eas ingl y lar ge cla sse s, it is impos sib le for mo st teach ers to g ive stu den ts mea nin gfu l fee dback on writ in g assi gnm ent s, he said. Pl us, he not ed, criti cs of th e tech nology have tende d to come from th e nation’s best un iver sities, where th e le vel o f te ach ing is mu ch bett er t han at mo st schoo ls.Q)Ofte n the y come f rom v ery fa mou s instit uti ons wh ere, in fact, th ey do a much b ett er job o f prov iding fe edb a ck than a mach ine eve r cou ld,”Dr. Sh erm is s aid. “ Th er e seems to be a lack o f appre cia tio n of w hat i s actua lly g oin g on in the real wor ld.”46.Some p ro fes sio nal s in educ ati on a re coll ect ing sig natures to v oice th eir o pposition to automa ted essay gradin g.ing so ftw are t o gr ade stu den ts’ es says sav es teacher s tim e fo r other w ork.48.The H ewl ett con tes ts ai m at i mp rovi ng es say g rad ing sof tware.49.Thou gh th e aut om ate d gradin g sy stem i s wid ely used in mu lti ple-c hoic e tests, au tom ate d essay g rad i ng is stillcrit ici zed by m any e duc ato rs.50.Some p eo ple d on’t be lie ve th e so ft ware gra din g sy stem can do as goo d a job a s hum an g rad ers.51.Crit ics of autom ate d es say sco rin g d o not s eem to kn ow the tr ue realities in le ss famou s un ive rsitie s.52.Crit ics argue m any i mpo rta nt a spe ct s of ef fective writing cann ot b e me asured by co mpu te r rating pro gra ms.53.As cl ass s ize gro ws, mo st t eac her s a re un able to g ive stud ent s valuable c omme nts as to how t o im pro ve th eir writing.54.The a uto mat ed a sse ssm ent t ech nol o gy is s ometim es u sed to do uble chec k the w ork of hu ma n graders.55.Student s find in sta nt f eed bac k hel ps impr ove their lear nin g con sid er ably.Section CDire cti ons：There are 2 passages in this 'Section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide onthe best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Pass age OneQuestio ns 56 to 60 are bas ed o n the foll owi ng p assage.The e ndl ess de bat e ab out “wo rk-l ife b al ance ’’ often con tains a ho pefu l fo otn ote ab out stay-at- h om e dad s. If Amer ic an s oci ety and bu sin ess wo n5t m ake it eas ier on fut ure femal e leade rs who cho ose to hav e ch ild ren, there is st ill th eray of h ope tha t i ncr eas ing num be rs o f fu ll-tim e f ath ers wil l. Bu t bas ed on to d ay’s s ocioec ono mic tren ds, th is h ope is,unfo rtu nat ely, m isguid ed.I t’s t ru e tha t the num ber o f me n wh o hav e lef t wo rk to d o their thin g as full-ti me p are nts h as d oubled in a d ecad e, butifs s til l very sma ll： o nly0. 8% o f marr ied co upl es w here the s tay-at-h ome father was ou t of th e la bor fo rc e fo r a y ea r. Ev enthat perc ent ag e is li kel y inf lat ed by men th rus t int o their caretak er ro le by a dow nsi zin g. Thi s is sim ply n ot a large eno ughgrou p t o re duc e t he soc ial stigma(污名)an d f orce o ther adju stm ents nece ssa ry to sup porting men i n th is dec isi on, e ven ifonly for a rel ati vel y sh ort t ime.Even sho rt er t ime s aw ay fro m wo r k for working f ath ers are al ready difficu lt. A stu dy f oun d th at 85% of n e w fa the rs take some tim e off aft er th e bi rth o f a chil d—b ut fo r all b ut a f ew, i t’s a week o r two a t mo st. Mea nw hil e, the av erage forwome n wh o tak e le ave is mo re t han 10 wee ks.Such choi ce s imp act who mov es up in t he o rganization. Wh ile you’re aw ay, so meo ne e lse is do ing yo ur wo rk, maki ng your sal es, t aki ng car e of yo ur cu sto mers. Th at can’t h elp you at work. It c an o nly hu rt y ou. Wo men, of co ur se, fac ethe s ame iss ues of ret urn ing aft er a l ong a bse nce. But with many m ore wome n th an m en cho osin g to le av e the wor kforceenti rel y to rais e fa mil ies, ret urn ing f r om an e xte nded paren tal leave d oesn’t raise as m any eye bro ws a s it d oes for m en.Wome n wou ld ma ke mo re if t he y didn't break th eir earn ing trajectory (轨迹）by leavi ng th e workforce, o r if higher-pay ing pro fes sio ns w ere m ore f ami ly-fr ien dly. In th e fo res eeable futu re, st ay- at-ho me fath ers m ay ma ke a ll thediff erenc e fo r in div idu al f ami lies, b ut th eir pre sen ce w on’t redu ce t he n umbe rs o f hi gh-pot ential wom en w ho are fo rc ed t ochoose betw een fam ily a nd c are er.56.What giv es wo me n a ray of h ope to achi eve wor k-life balance?A)More men t aki ng a n ex ten ded p ar en tal leav e.B)Peop led cha ngi ng at tit udes to war ds fami ly.C)More wom en e nte rin g bus ine ss m anagemen t.D)The i mpr ove men t of t hei r so cio eco nomi c st atu s.57.Why d oes t he a uth or s ay th e ho pe f or mo re full-time fath ers is mi sgui de d?A)Wome n ar e be tte r at t aki ng c are of c hild ren.B)Many men v alu e wo rk m ore t han th eir family.C)Thei r number is t oo sm al l to m ake a diff erence.D)Not m any m en h ave the c han ce t o s tay at hom e.58.Why d o fe w men tak e a lo ng p are nt al le ave?A) A long lea ve w ill h av e a ne gat ive im pact on th eir car eer.B)They jus t hav e to o man y re spo nsi bil ities to f ulf ill at wo rk.C)The e conomi c los s wi ll b e too muc h for th eir fam ily to bear.D)They are lik ely t o ge t fir ed i f ab sen t f rom work for too long.59.What is th e mo st li kel y re act ion to men r etu rni ng f rom an ex ten ded parenta l le ave?A) Jea lou sy.C) Ad mirati on.B) Surpri se.D) Sy mpa thy.60.What doe s the aut hor say a bou t hi gh-pot ential wom en in the n ot-too-dist ant f utu re?A)They wil l ben efi t fr om t he tr en d of more fat hers stayi ng at hom e.B)They wil l fin d hi gh-pay ing p rof es si ons a b it m ore f amily-fr ien dly.C)They are unli ke ly to b re ak th ei r car e er tr ajecto ry to raise a fam ily.D)They wil l sti ll f ace the d iff icu lt c hoi c e bet ween career an d ch ild ren.Pass age TwoQuestio ns 61 to 65 are bas ed o n the foll owi ng p assage.Some of t he wor ld’s most s ign ifi cant prob lem s nev er hit h ead lin es. On e exam ple co mes f rom ag ric ulture. Food ri ots and hunge r make n ews. But t he tre nd lyin g behind th ese matters is rarely talk ed ab out. Th is is the d ecl ine i n the gro wth i nyiel ds of som e of t he wo rld’s m ajo r crop s. A ne w stu dy by the Univ ersity of Mi nnesot a and McG ill U niv ersity in Montre a llooks at w her e, and how far, t his dec line is occur rin g.The aut hor s t ake a vas t n umb er of d ata poi nts fo r the fou r m ost importa nt crop s :ric e, wh ea t, co m a nd soyabeans (大豆).The y find th at on b et wee n 24% an d 39% of all harvested areas, t he impr ove men t in y iel ds tha t t ook plac e b efo re th e1980s slowed dow n in t he 1990s an d 2000s.Ther e ar e tw o wo rry ing f ea tur es of t he sl owd own. One is that it h as b een particu larly sh arp in t he wo rld’s m o st(人口多的）c oun tri es, In dia and Ch in a. Thei r abi lit y to f eed them selves h as been an i mpo rtant so urc e of r ela ti ve sta bility b ot hwithin t he c ountri es a nd on wor ld f ood m ark ets. That self-sufficien cy canno t be tak en for g ran ted if yi eld s continu e to slo wdown or re ve rse.Seco nd, yie ld gr owt h has be en lo wer in w heat and rice th an in co m and soya be ans. Th is is probl ema tic beca use whea t a nd ric e a re m or e im por tan t as f ood s, ac cou nting for ar oun d half of a ll calories con sum ed. C om and soy abeans aremore im por tan t a s f ee d g rai ns. T h e au tho rs not e that “w e h ave pr ef erent ial ly focuse d o ur cro p i mprov e ment efforts onfeeding ani mal s an d car s ra the r th an on cr ops t hat feed people and are the basis of food secu rity in muc h of the world. ”, The r eport qu ali fi es th e mo re op tim i stic find ing s of another new p ap er whic h sug ge sts t hat the w orl d wil l n ot hav e to dig u p a lo t mo re l and for far min g i n ord er t o fe ed 9 b illion peo ple in 2050, as the Food and Agr icu ltu re O rgan isa tio n hasargued.Inst ead, i t says, tha nks t o slo win g po pula tio n gro wth, l and curr en tly p lou ghed u p fo r cro ps might b e ab le to r eve rt (回返）to for est or wi lde rne ss. Thi s co uld hap pen. The troub le is that the f orec ast as sum es con tin ued im pro ve ments i n y ields,whic h ma y not act ual ly h app en.61.What doe s the aut hor try t o dr aw att enti on to?A) Fo od ri ots and h ung er i n the wor l d. C) Th e de clin e of the g ra in yield gro wth.B) Ne ws headlin es in the l ead ing m edia.D) Th e fo od su ppl y in p opu lou s cou ntri es.62.Why d oes t he a uth or m ent ion I ndi a and C hin a in p articu lar?A)Thei r se lf-suf fic ien cy i s vit al t o th e st abil ity o f wo rld foo d marke ts.B)Thei r fo od yi eld s ha ve b egu n to d ec rease sh arp ly in recen t years.C)Thei r bi g pop ula tio ns are c aus ing w orld wid e co ncerns.D)Thei r fo od se lf-su ffi ciency has b een taken fo r gr anted.63.What doe s the new stu dy by the t w o univ ersities say abou t recen t cro p impro vem ent efforts?A)They fai l to p rod uce the s am e rem ar kable results as bef ore the 1980s.B)They con tri but e a lo t to t he i mpr ove ment of hu man foo d pr odu ctio n.C)They pla y a ma jor rol e in g uar ant eei ng th e foo d security o f th e wo rld.D)They foc us mo re o n th e inc rease o f animal feed than hum an f ood g rains.64.What doe s the Foo d and Agr icu ltu r e Org anisation s ay abou t wo rld food prod uct ion in th e com ing dec ade s? aA)The g row ing p opu lat ion wil l greatl y incr ease th e pressu re o n wo rld food supp lies.B)The o pti mis tic p red ict ion abo ut fo od prod uction shou ld b e viewed wit h c auti on.C)The "slo wdo wn o f th e gro wth in yi e lds o f major f ood cro ps will b e rev ersed.D)The w orl d wil l be abl e to f eed its p o pulatio n wit hou t in creasi ng f arm lan d.65.How d oes t he a uth or vi ew t he a rgu ment of th e Fo od an d Ag riculture O rgan isa tio n?A)It is b uil t on t he f ind ings of a n ew s tu dy.B)It is b ase d on a dou btf ul as sum pti on.C)It is b ack ed b y str ong evi den ce.D)It is o pen to fu rth er d isc uss ion.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Dire cti ons：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.据报道，今年中国快递服务（c ouri er s erv ices)将递送大约120亿件包裹。

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版一、听力（35题，35分）Short Conversations 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation. Conversion one 9. C. It has a chemical processing plant. 10. D. He’s a salesman. 11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. Conversion two 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. Passage One 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. Passage Two 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. Passage 3 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit to one's sense of humour 填空: 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into account 34. misleading 35. using up 分）二、选词填空（10题，5分）第一套选词填空：第一套选词填空：36 announcing 37 entitled 38 critically 39 potential 40commitment 41develop 42enhance 43retain 44component 45challenges 第二套选词填空：第二套选词填空：36 assets 37 excellent 38 origin 39 up-to-date 40 attend 41 guidelines 42 aware 43 involved 44 especially 45 volunteering 三、匹配和阅读(各1分，共10分) 第一套段落信息匹配：第一套段落信息匹配：文章是：essay-grading software offers professors a break. 46-55 FBMCE QGPJD 四、仔细阅读(（各2分，共20分) 第一套仔细阅读：第一套仔细阅读：56. B) It will protect them from sunburn 57. A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas 58. 58. D) D) D) Daily Daily Daily application application application of of of sunscreen sunscreen sunscreen helps helps helps reduce reduce reduce the the the incidence incidence incidence of of melanomas 59. C) It is not based on direct observation of the subjects 60. A) A Using both covering up and sunscreen. 61. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. 62. B) A rapid technological advance. 63. A) Economic growth will slow down. 64. 64. C) C) C) Even Even Even wealthy wealthy wealthy people people people must must must work work work longer longer longer to to to live live live comfortably comfortably comfortably in in retirement. 65. D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 第二套仔细阅读：第二套仔细阅读：61. A ）More men taking an extended parental leave. 62. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. 63. A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. 64. C) Surprise 第三套仔细阅读第三套仔细阅读61. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. 62. 62. A) A) A) Their Their Their self-sufficiency self-sufficiency is is vital vital vital to to to the the the stability stability stability of of of world world world food food markets. 63. D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 64. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 65. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 五、翻译（整体给分，共15分）分）第一套第一套中国是世界上最古老的文明之一.构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国.中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经历着一次新的工业革命中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站. 目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题及解析第二套

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below．You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life．Y ou should write at least l20 words but no more than l80wordsPart II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 shortconversations and 2 long conversations．At theend of each conversation，one or more questionswill be asked about what Was said．Both theconversation and the questions will be spokenonly once．After each question there will be a pause．During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A.，B)，C)and D)．and decide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the center．1．A.He is pleased to sit on the committee．B.He is willing to offer the woman a hand．C.He will tell the woman his decision later．D.He would like to become a club member．2．A.Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpriced．B.They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one．C.The guide books in the library have the latest information．D.The library Can help order guide books about V ancouver．3．A.He regrets having taken the history course．B.He finds little interest in the history books．C.He has trouble finishing his reading assignments．D.He has difficulty writing the weekly book report．4．A.The man had better choose another restaurant．B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating．C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately．D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant．5．A.He has been looking forward to spring．B.He has been waiting for the winter sale．C.He will clean the woman，s boots for spring．D.He will help the woman put things away．6．A.At a tailor’s．B.At Bob’s home．C.In a clothes store．D.In a theatre．7．A.His guests favor Tibetan drinks．B.His water is quite extraordinary．C.Mineral water is good for health．D.Plain water will serve the purpose．8．A.Report the result of a discussion．B.Raise some environmental issues．C.Submit an important document．D.Revise an environmental report．Questions 9 t0 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard．9．A.They pollute the soil used to cover them．B.They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods．C.The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve．D.The gas they emit is extremely poisonous．10．A.Growing population．B.Packaging materials．C.Changed eating habits．D.Lower production cost．11．A.By saving energy．B.By using less aluminum．C.By reducing poisonous wastes．D.By making the most of materials．12．A.We are running out of natural resources soon．B.Only combined efforts can make a difference．C.The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us．D.All of us can actually benefit from recyclin9．Questions l3 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard．13．A.Miami．B.V ancouver．C.Belling ham．D.Boston．14．A.To get information on one—way tickets to Canada．B.To inquire about the price of“Super Saver”seats．C.To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible．D.To inquire about the shortest route to drive home．15．A.Join a tourist group．B.Choose a major airline．C.Avoid trips in public holidays．D.Book tickets as early as possible．Section BDirections：in this section，you will hear 3 short passages．At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question，youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A.，B)，C.and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the center．Passage OneQuestions l6 t0 18 are based on the passage you have just heard．16．A.There are mysterious stories behind his works．B.There are many misunderstandings about him．C.His works have no match worldwide．D.His personal history is little known．17．A.He moved to Strat ford—on—Avon in his childhood．B.He failed to go beyond grammar sch001．C.He was a member of the town council．D.He once worked in a well—known acting company．18．A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works．B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire．C.His works were adapted beyond recognition．D.People of his time had little interest in him．Passage TwoQuestions l9 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard 19．A.It shows you have been ignoring your healthB. It can seriously affect your thinking processC.It is an early warning of some illness．D.It is a symptom of too much pressure．20．A.Reduce our workload．B.Control our temper．e painkillers for reliefD.Avoid masking syrup toms_21．A. Lying down and having some sleep．B.Rubbing and pressing one’s back．C.Going out for a walkD.Listening to light musicPassage ThreeQuestions 22 t0 25 are based on the passage you have just heard 22．A.Depending heavily on loans．B.Having no budget plans at all．C.Spending beyond one's meansD.Leaving no room for large bills23．A.Many of them can be cut．B. All of them have to be covered．C.Their payment cannot be delayedD.They eat up most of the family income24．A.Rent a house instead of buying one．B. Discuss the problem in the family．C.Make a conservation planD.Move to a cheaper Place25．A.Financial issues plaguing a family．B.Difficulty in making both ends meet．C.Family budget problems and solutionsD.New ways to boost family incomeSection CDirections：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea．When the passage Its read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written．Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream，many people go for no 26 reason．Some go because their parents expect it，others because it's what their friends are doing.Then，there，s the belief that a college degree will27 ensure a good job and high pay.Some students 28 through four years，attending classes，or skipping(逃课)them as the case may be，reading only what can’t be avoided，looking for less 29courses，and never being touched or changed in any important way．For a few of these people，college provides no 30，y et because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop tryingin the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by31_them．To put it bluntly (直截了当地)，unless you’re willing to make your college years count，You might be32 doing something else．Not everyone should attend college，nor should everyone who does．attend begin right after high school．Many college students 33 taking a year or so off.A year out m the world helps some people to 34 their priorities and goals．If you’re really going to get something out of going to college，you have to make it mean something，and to do that you must have some idea why you're there，what you hope to get out of it，and35 even what you hope to become.Part HI Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections：in this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter．Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 36 t0 45 are based on the following passage．It’s our guilty pleasure：Watching TV is the most comtion everyday activity，after work and sleep，in many parts of the world．Americans view five hours of TV each day，and while we know that spending so much time sitting36 can lead to obesity(肥胖症)and other diseases，researchers have now quantified just how 37 being a couch potato can be．In an analysis of data from eight large 38 published studies，a Harvard—led group reported in the that for every two hours per day spent channel 39 ，the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes Journal of the American Medical Association(糖尿病)rose 20％over 8．5 years，the risk of heart disease increased l5％over a 40 ，and the odds of dying prematurely 41 13％during a seven— year follow—up．All of these 42 are linked to a lack of physical exercise．But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities，like knitting，viewing TV may be especially 43 at promoting unhealthy habits．For one，the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else．And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to 44 them．Even so．the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to 45 whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes，heart disease or early death compared with，say，reading．A.climbedB.consumeC.decadeD.determineE.effectiveF.harmfulG.outcomesH.passivelyI.previouslyJ.resumeK.sufferedL.surfingM.termN.terminals0.twistingSection BDirections：in this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．Y ou may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Essay．Grading Software Offers Professors a BreakA.Imagine taking a college exam，and，instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later，clickingthe“send”button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly，your essay scored by a software program．And then，instead of being done with that exam，imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade．B.EDX，the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet，has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it．The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers，freeing professors for other tasks．C.The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education．Although automated grading systems for multiple—choice and true—false tests are now widespread，the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.D.Anant Agarwal，an electrical engineer who is president of EDX，predicted that the instant—grading software would be a useful teaching tool enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over andimprove the quality of their answers．He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system，where students often wait days or weeks for grades．“There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback，”Dr．Agarwal said．“Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback．”E.But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers．One longtime critic，Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks．He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders．F.He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁)opposing automated assessment software．The group．which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High—Stakes Assessment，has collected nearly 2，000 signatures，including some from famous people like Noanl Chomsky．G．“Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scorin9，”the group’s statement reads in part. “Computers cannot‘read．’They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication：accuracy．reasonin9，adequacy of evidence，good sense，ethical(伦理的)position，convincing argument，meaningful organization，and clarity，among others．”H)But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities．It offers free online classes from Harvard．MIT and the University of California—Berkeley；this fall，it will add classes from Well else．Georgetown and the University of Texas．In all，12 universities participate in EDX，which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year，including adding international schools．I.The EDX assessment tool requires human teachers，or graders，to first grade l00 essays or essay questions．The system then uses a variety of machine—learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly．The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher，whether it is a letter grade or numerical(数字的)rank．J . EDX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology，which dates to early computers in the l960s．There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers，and four states--Louisiana，North Dakota，Utah and West Virginia--are using some formof the technology in secondary schools．A fifth，Indiana，has experimented with it．In some cases the software is used as a“second reader．”to check the reliability of the human graders．K.But the growing influence of the EDx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost．On Tuesday，Stanford announced that it would work with EDX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology．L.Two start．ups．Coursera and Udacity，recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create“massive open online courses，”or MOOCs，are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback．‘‘It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work．so that learning turns into a game，with students naturally gravitating(吸引)toward resubmitting the work until they get it right，”said Daphne Koller，a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera．M．Last year the Hewlett Foundation， a grant—malting organization set up by one of the Hewlett Packard founders and his wife．sponsored two$100，000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers．More than l50 teams entered each category．A winner of one of the Hewlett contests．Vik Paruchuri，was hired by E(Ⅸto help design its assessment software．N．“One of our focuses is to help Mds learn how to think critically，”said Victor Vuchic，a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation．“It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple—choice tests The challenge is that this requires human graders，and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time．“O．Mark D．Shermis，a professor at the University of Akron inOhi0．supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment．In his view，the technology--though imperfect--has a place in educational settings．P．With increasingly large classes，it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments，he said．Plus，he noted，critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities，where the level of teaching is much better than at n lost schools．Q)“Often they come from very famous institutions where，in fact，they do a much better．job of providing feedback than a machine ever could，”Dr．Shermis said．“There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world．”46．Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to an to mated essay grading．47．Using software to grade students’ essays saves teachers time for other work．48．The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software．49．Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple—choice tests．automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators．50．Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders．51．Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities．52．Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs．53．As class size grows，most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writin9．54．The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders．55．Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably．Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A.，B)，C)and D.Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Sheet 2 with a single line through the center．Passage On eQuestions 56 t0 60 are based on the following passage．The endless debate about“work—life balance”often contains a hopeful footnote about stay at home dads．If American society and business won’tmake it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children，there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full—time fathers will．But based on today’s socioeconomic trends，this hope is，unfortunately，misguided．It’s true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full—time parents has doubled in a decade，but it’s still very small：only 0．8％of married couples where the stay—at—hone father was out of the labor force for a year．Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing．This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma(污名)and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision．even if only work more than their family．Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult．A study found that 85％of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few．it’s a week or two at most．Meanwhile，the average for women who take leave is more than lo weeks．Such choices impact who moves up in the organization．While you’re away，someone else is doing your work，making your sales，taking care of your customers．That can’t help you at work．It can only hurt you．Women，of course，face the same issues of returning after a long absence．But with many more women than men choosing to leave theworkforce entirely to raise families，returning from an extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men．Women would make more if they didn’t break their earning trajectory(轨迹)by leaving the workforce，or if higher-paying professions were more family friendly．In the foreseeable future，Stay at home fathers may make all the difference for individual families．but their presence won’t reduce the numbers of high potential women who are forced to choose between family and career．56．What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?A.More men taking an extended parental leave．B.People’s changing attitudes towards family．C.More women entering business management．D.The improvement of their socioeconomic status．57．Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguided?A.Women are better at taking care of children．B.Many men value work more than their family．C.Their number is too small to make a difference．D.Not many men have the chance to stay at home．58．Why do few men take a long parental leave?A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their career．B.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work．C.The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear．D.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9．59．What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A.Jealousy．B.SurpriseC.AdmirationD.Sympathy．60．What does the author say about high-potential women in the not—too-distant future?A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home．B.They will find high—paying professions a bit more family—friendly．C.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family．D.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children．Passage TwoQuestions 61 to65 are based on the following passage．Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comes from agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where．and how far．this decline is occurring．The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans(大豆)．They find that on between 24％and 39％of all harvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down in the l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的)countries，India and China．Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets．That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll and soyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains．The authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world．” The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued．Instead，it says，thanks to slowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able torevert(回返)to forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields which may not actually happen61．What does the author try to draw attention to?A.Food riots and hunger in the world．B.News headlines in the leading media．C.The decline of the grain yield growth．D.The food supply in populous countries．62．Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets．B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years．C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns．D 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted．63．What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s．B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production．C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world．D.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains．64．What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies．B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution．C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be"reversed．D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland．65．How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A.It is built on the findings of a new study．B.It is based on a doubtful assumption．C.It is backed by strong evidence．D. It is open to further discussion．Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English．Y ou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2．据报道，今年中国快递服务(courier services)将递送大约120亿件包裹。

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the pict ure below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then co mment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything? ”Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is（36）the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are（37 ）to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is （38 ）important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full （39）," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep（40 ）of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will （41 ）their own creative solutions, but we must work together to （42）our focus on how to better recruit, support and （43）effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a （44 ）of President Obama's year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the （45 ）of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesmitmentponentF.contestsG.critically H.develop I.distributingJ.enhance K.entitled L.potentialM.properly N.qualified O.retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticize them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% ,but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eatat home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smallerfast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hardin this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees ( 特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice ( 引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue ( 烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "wecan sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum !Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannotbe forced to ordersalads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains thathave more healthy offerings.K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating ( 创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell morevegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tacklethe obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serveon the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C) andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen ( 防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if youhave periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's notentirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of securityin the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the riskof all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates,as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on ( 抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more willalmost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers ( 二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that usedto encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月13日全国大学英语四级作文真题及答案

2015年6月13日全国大学英语四级作文真题及答案作文一：电脑与生活Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.命题解析：本题要求首先简要描述图画，然后评论这种现代生活。

图画显示：现代人无论工作、居家、娱乐还是睡眠，都与电脑密不可分。

显而易见，本题主旨为电脑或网络对现代生活的影响。

国内写作考试中已经反复考察电脑或网络这一热点话题。

2002年6月四级写作考察“大学生使用电脑情况”，2009年考研写作考察“网络的‘近’与‘远’”，2012年6月六级写作考察“网络对人际共同的影响”，2013年12月四级写作考察“网络对人们沟通方式的影响”。

2015年6月，四级写作再次考察电脑或网络这一话题。

如果考生研究过之前的写作真题，诸多表达均可使用。

写作思路：1、本题首段应简要描述图画，指出人们无论工作、家庭、休闲或休息，都与电脑关系密切。

2、次段最好进行正反论证，说明电脑有利有弊：一方面可以满足工作生活的需要并娱乐自我，另一方面过度沉迷也会浪费大量的时间和精力。

3、第三段最好提出建议措施：我们应该扬长避短，在合理使用电脑的同时，避免过度沉迷。

参考范文：As is symbolically illustrate in the cartoon, a person is always staying in front of a computer no matter whether he or she is working, studying or playing. Even when he is sleeping, the image of surfing on line is also indispensable in his sweet dreams. The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and computer. On the one hand, there is no denying that the computer is currently one of the most efficient tools either to entertain oneself or to meet the work's needs. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to computers to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on real life.Hence, it is necessary for us to use computers in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all, the computer is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach.如图所示，一个人无论工作、在家或娱乐，总是坐在一台电脑前面。

2015年6月四级真题与答案第一套

Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/attached/media/20151113/20151113103125_1575.mp3 Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conver sat ions and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.D.The woman should go on playing chess.2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C.Mary probably knows Sally's new address.D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.B.His notes are not easy to read.C.He did not attend today's class.D.He is very pleased to be able to help.4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.C.He will clean the woman's boots for spring.D.He will help the woman put things away.6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.B.The man appreciates the woman's help.C.The man often lends books to the woman.D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.7.A.Go to work on foot.B.Take a sightseeing trip.C.Start work earlier than usual.D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport's operation.D.The airport's management is in real need of improvement.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conver sat ion you have just heard.9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.B.It is headquartered in London.C.It has a partnership with LCP.D.It has a chemical processing plant.10.A.He is Mr.Grand's friend.B.He is a safety inspector.C.He is a salesman.D.He is a chemist.11.A.Director of the safety department.B.Mr.Grand's personal assistant.C.Head of the personnel department.D.The public relations officer.12. A.Walt for Mr.Grand to call back.B.Leave a message for Mr.Grand.C.Provide details of their products and services.D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.C.She gave her first performance with her father.D.She bec ame a professional violinist at fifteen.15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.B.It was the chance of a lifetime.C.It was a gre at challenge to her.D.It helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.B.There are many misunderstandings about him.C.His works have no match worldwide.D.His personal history is little known.17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.C.He was a member of the town council.D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.D.People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.Theft.B.Cheating.C.Air crash.D.Road accidents.20. A.Learn the local customs.B.Make hotel reservations.C.Book tickets well in advance.D.Have the right documents.21.A.Contact your agent.B.Get a lift if possible.e official transport.D.Have a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.Cut down production cost.B.Sell inexpensive products.C.Specialise in gold ornaments.D.Refine the taste of his goods.23.A.At a national press conference.B.During a live television interview.C.During a local sales promotion campaign.D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.24.A.Insulted.B.Puzzled.C.Distressed.D.Discouraged.25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.C.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy gre w, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals thevalue of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districtssupport gre at educators for the students who need them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting gre at educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesmitmentponentF.contestsG.criticallyH.developI.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potentialM.properlyN.qualifiedO.retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA.Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers bec ome even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an Americanfast-food chain known for its fresh in gre dients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn bec ause they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E.Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over itsdouble-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.F.Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costsaround $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced bar bec ue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.panies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H.As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a gre ater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads andlow-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.J.In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings. K.In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", bec ause legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't preventthem.Melanomas are the most ag gre ssive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than theless-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional de gre e are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educatedbaby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age bec ause these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforcethat shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college de gre e do not easily find work.62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part ⅣTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月英语四级翻译真题及答案

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。

中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。

中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其实包括到2020年建成一个太空站。

目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。

同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。

2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。

译文China is one of the oldest cultures in the world, from which much that constructs the foundation of the modern world is derived. China is witnessing the fastest development of its economy and experiencing a new industrial revolution. Also, China has started the ambitious program for exploring the outer space, including to complete a space station by 2020. Currently, being one of the largest exporters in the world, China is attracting massive foreign investment. Simultaneously, it has invested billions of dollars overseas. In 2011, China surpassed Japan as the world’ssecond-largest economy.第二套：那些保持适应性情绪控制状态的人，把逆境看作是暂时性的，相信困难应该会过去的。

在一项危机中，他们很好地调整自己，坚信控制来源于激励的行动而非控制反应。

2015年度6月英语四级考试真命题及答案解析(第2套)

2015年6月英语四级考试真题(第三套)

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)Part I Writing（30 minutes)Direction。

s：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents’ role in their children’s growth。

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Section CDirections：In this section，you will hoar a passage three times。

When tho passage is read for tho first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for tho second time，you are required to fill in tho blanks with tho exact words you have just hoard. Finally，when tho passage is read for tho third time, you should chock what you have written。

2015年6月英语四级真题仔细阅读原文及答案

2015年6月英语四级真题仔细阅读原文及答案下面是必胜高考网小编整理的2015年6月英语四级真题仔细阅读1原文及答案，希望对大家有帮助。

Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between thewell-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomesof the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals andsociety, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. And they will live longer thanever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almostdouble, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuadedmany observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks ofpensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among youngerunskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme inAmerica, where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting offretirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used toencourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy(预期寿命), combined with the replacementof generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones,means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But thechanging nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, andthose people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderlyare more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce thatshift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do notnecessarily decline with age.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。